题目摘要 中英文关键词 中英文引言 正文参考书目但是不同类型的论文格式不同 看你写什么文学，教学法，语言学 的 都不同，基本上是上述内容， 根据导师的要求写
外国语学院英语论文格式规范(附样例) A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）外国语学院 2001级英语教育1030120011XX XXX 指导老师：XXX（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……（英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。） Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行) In both English and Chinese, … So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999) (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前) The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, … And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)… The differences between English idioms and Chinese 1 The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号： ，， ，…；节的编号：1,2…，1,2…；小节的编号为：1, 2…。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号） … In conclusion, …2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms … Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose …1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms …(i) … …(ii) … … Conclusion …Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号）Sanved, The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C] New York: OUP, 常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。（论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；5倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）(以下内容单独一页)汉英习语的对比研究（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中）【摘 要】 汉英的习语问题是个既简单有复杂…… …… ……（中文摘要：上空二行；题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符，方括号中的“摘要”两个字之间空一格；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距； 第二行起要顶格；字数约400字，约8-10行；）【关键词】 习语；对比；英语；汉语（中文关键词：题目采用黑体五号字，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，缩进2个汉字字符；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号，采用楷体五号字，不加粗，单倍行距；各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后不空格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）一、 基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为A4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用Times New Roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用Times New Roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为Times New Roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页（大标题采用Times New Roman字体，字号为一号，加粗）正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为Times New Roman小四。
论点，论据，论证
题目（鸣谢、关键词、摘要）正式的要有一、引言二、正文三、结语参考文献
专著［M］[序号]主要责任者文献题名[文献类型标识]出版地：出版者，出版年起止页码（可选）例如：刘国钧，陈绍业图书馆目录[M]北京：高等教育出版社，15-期刊文章［J］[序号]主要责任者文献题名[J]刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码例如：何龄修读南明史[J]中国史研究，1998,(3):167-报纸文章［N］[序号]主要责任者文献题名[N]报纸名，出版日期（版次）例如：谢希德创造学习的新思路[N]人民日报，1998-12-25（10）扩展资料按照GB/T 7714-2015《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》”的定义，文后参考文献是指：“为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。根据《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范（试行）》和《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范（修订版）》的要求，很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分，将注释规定为“对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字”，列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。参考资料来源：百度百科-参考文献
1、专著[M]（monograph）2、期刊[J]（journal）3、报纸[N]（newspaper article）格式（不论何种文献类型，须用阿拉伯数码外加方括弧标注其在文中的位置，其序号与所在文中序号一致。）：1、专著：著者．书名[M]．版本（第一版不录）．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码 [1]蒋挺大．亮聚糖[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2001：127 [2] Kortun G Reflectance Spectroscopy [M] New York: Spring-Verlag, 19692、期刊：著者．题名[J]．刊名．出版年，卷（期）∶起止页码 [1]周庆荣，张泽廷，朱美文，等．固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度[J]．化工学报，1995(3)：317-323 [2] Dobbs J M, Wong J M Modification of Supercritical Fluid Phasebehavior Using Polor Coselvent [J] Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987, 26: 563、报纸：著者．题名[N]．报纸名．出版日期（版次） [1]陈志平．减灾设计研究新动态[N]．科技日报，1997-12-12(5)外文文献：引文及参考文献中的论文排序方式和中文文献基本相同；书名及刊名用斜体字，期刊文章题名用双引号；是否列出文献类型标识号及著作页码（论文必须列出首尾页码）可任选；出版年份一律列于句尾或页码之前（不用年份排序法）。外文文献一定要用外文原文表述（也可在原文题名之后的括号内附上中文译文），切忌仅用中文表达外文原义。
APA格式、MLA格式、CMS格式、哈佛文献格式 (Harvard System)。 不管是引用还是标注，不管是期刊还是学术，都能从这4大格式中，找到对应的格式要求。一如何学习英语音标 （1）找学习资料。首先确认自己想要学习的哪种类型的音标。然后找有出版纸质教程的书籍，因为这样的教程会比较严谨，并且有自己的一套系统的教程。比较推荐的就是《新概念英语国际音标一点通》、《美语从头学，赖世雄:美语音标》，这两套教程。 （2）学习音标时，最好要有一名有经验的指导老师来指导，如果条件不允许找一段标准的发音视频，跟着视频中人的嘴型进行练习也好。在练习时也要有一面镜子，在练习音标开始阶段需要通过镜子来使自己发音的嘴型来达到标准。二学习英语的原因 （1）学英语最大好处就是：掌握一门国际语言，走天下，其次对未来的发展有帮助，具体化就是工作福利、以及个人的一些工作发展都有着很大的帮助，小孩的话则是升初学、考取学校有很大的加分。 （2）我们很可能住在两个不同的地方，生长在不同的文化背景之下。但我们都知道，这个世界需要更多的爱和理解。还有什么比起用英语（或其他语言）和外国友人交流更能使这个世界更加美好的呢？
通常有两大类，常见格式如下：1、 ……, one of the renowned writers in …, once said that …… According to …, one of the renowned writers in …, …… According to Francis Bacon, a renowned British writer and philosopher, "Money is a good servant and a bad "2、There goes a saying that … As a saying goes, … As a proverb says, … There goes a saying that he knows most who speaks As a proverb says, he laughs best who laughs 备注：第一类最为正式，有名有姓还可说明其身份或主业所在，常见于引用当下或当代的名人；第二类适用于古代的尤其是记不住名字的名人，更常见于引用谚语、公理或俗语。
英语论文中引用一句句子的格式是：Asanoldsayinggoes+(引用的句子)。引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。扩展资料：若引文不足三行，则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如：ThedivorceofArnold'spersonaldesirefromhisinheritanceresultsin“thefamiliarpictureofVictorianmanaloneinanalienuniverse”(Roper9)这里，圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格，但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。如需在引文中插注，对某些词语加以解释，则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如：DBeamanpointsoutthat“he[CharlesDarwin]hasbeenanimportantfactorinthedebatebetweenevolutionarytheoryandbiblicalcreationism”值得注意的是，本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中，故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。
给你看看我的毕业论文就知道了，是国外大学的，可不是国内的蹩脚翻译。最后就是引用的。所以要标明作者，书名，年代，和页数。最难的其实是最后的 appendix，那个不能错。
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning In this paper。。 This paper proceeds as The structure of the paper is as In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are Details on xx and xx are discussed in later In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are Review This review is followed by an A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section In the next section, a brief review of the is In the next section, a short review of is given with special regard to Section 2 reviews relevant research related to Section 1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility
把先发生的事情写在后面。先把结局说出来，吸引读者了解其起因和过程，如《背影》；插叙，指在记叙过程中，需要插入另一些有关的情节，再接着叙述后来的事情，如《驿路梨花》。
of the suite were placed round the walls with a forbidding
在科学文章写作中，简明扼要是非常重要的。我们整理了一些学术文章的常用句子结构，帮您更轻松地起草论文。论文的摘要定义了研究的范围和目的，并简要描述了结果和结论。引言部分则对研究进行总体介绍，定义研究问题，确定可能存在的差距和矛盾之处，并明确指出研究目的和目标。此外，材料和方法部分提供了有关实验设置，数据收集方法和所用统计测试的详细信息。结果和讨论部分描述了重要的发现，并将其与以前的研究进行比较。论文最后则对全文进行了总结，并对进一步的研究进行展望。以下是一些有用的短语列表，帮您撰写引人入胜的引言： This study/investigate/paper aims to… Prior research investigations/surveys discuss/present/highlight… Several studies suggest In the course of the experiment, xyz played an important These methods were based on previously reported After a series of investigations, it was found Preliminary studies highlight the fact that… An xyz test was used to determine the significance of the Data suggested a significant increase Statistical analysis was performed using xyz The key findings that emerge from the study This image/graph/table suggests A further novel finding from this study The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate three There was a significant increase Similar findings were reported by Because of these potential There are several limitations to the This is particularly important when investigating the From the above findings, the authors conclude that…
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning In this paper, we focus on the need for This paper proceeds as The structure of the paper is as In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets andrelated concepts To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature ofthe problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membershipfunctions are Details on xx and xx are discussed in later In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem,various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, anentirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service timewith stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzyservice rule are Review This review is followed by an A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx andxxx is presented in Section In the next section, a brief review of the is In the next section, a short review of is given withspecial regard to Section 2 reviews relevant research related to Section 1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodologyof action, while 2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity ofsystems and outlines the need for development of possibility Body Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decisionmaking Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includesxxx Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to,natural language Section 2 explains how flexibility which often can beexpressed in terms of fuzzy time window Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that areused in the Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way,including the … and also discusses how to evaluate system Section 3 describes a new measure of Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory inthe analysis of Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing offuzzy decision rules The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 whileSection 4 describes the xx Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying theproposed Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach tocost variance Section 4 gives a specific example of Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model ofmemory Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of theresults of Section 2 and Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xxand illustrate its use on experimental Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzyset model Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas forfurther Section 6 illustrates the model with an Various ways of justification and the reasons for theirchoice are discussed very briefly in Section In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of awhole model of human DM system In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptionswhich a scheme must In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation anduniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when thedomain of discourse is order In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empiricalstudy currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to constructmembership In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through thetwo kinds of inference This Section In this section, the characteristics and environment underwhich MRP is designed are We will provide in this section basic terminologies andnotations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent NextSection The next section describes the mathematics that goes into thecomputer implementation of such fuzzy logic However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practicalapplications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in thenext The three components will be described in the next twosection, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system willthen illustrate their We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in thefollowing The next section summarizes the method in a from that isuseful for arguments based on xx查尔斯沃思论文润色提供公 众号：lunwen64
在科学文章写作中，简明扼要是非常重要的。我们整理了一些学术文章的常用句子结构，帮您更轻松地起草论文。论文的摘要定义了研究的范围和目的，并简要描述了结果和结论。引言部分则对研究进行总体介绍，定义研究问题，确定可能存在的差距和矛盾之处，并明确指出研究目的和目标。此外，材料和方法部分提供了有关实验设置，数据收集方法和所用统计测试的详细信息。结果和讨论部分描述了重要的发现，并将其与以前的研究进行比较。论文最后则对全文进行了总结，并对进一步的研究进行展望。以下是一些有用的短语列表，帮您撰写引人入胜的引言： This study/investigate/paper aims to… Prior research investigations/surveys discuss/present/highlight… Several studies suggest In the course of the experiment, xyz played an important These methods were based on previously reported After a series of investigations, it was found Preliminary studies highlight the fact that… An xyz test was used to determine the significance of the Data suggested a significant increase Statistical analysis was performed using xyz The key findings that emerge from the study This image/graph/table suggests A further novel finding from this study The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate three There was a significant increase Similar findings were reported by Because of these potential There are several limitations to the This is particularly important when investigating the From the above findings, the authors conclude that…