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杨春浩,马增友 ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR CS4图形设计与制作技能基础教程[M]北京:科学出版社,2011[2]作者:戈尔丁 译者:冯晓艳设计师生存手册 Illustrator CS4 北京:人民邮电出版社[3]胡海图形处理与版式编排—Adobe IllustratorCS2/In D北京:高等教育出版社,2007年2月[4]彭麒 Adobe Illustrator CS5 图形设计与制作标准实训教程北京:印刷工业出版社,2012年4月[5]邵谦谦Adobe Illustrator 0摄像设计与制作教程北京:希望电子出版社,2001年2月
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Professional profile (1) with some special operation to deal with some of the digital image (2) It is a concentration of computer technology, digital technology and creativity into an integrated whole Design is a kind of work or occupation, is a kind of beauty, the use of Form and Function of activities to Design is a beauty, the use of Form and Function of commemorative activities Design (design) the word is, by the Japanese to Chinese translation of "design" from the In the Japanese translation of the "design" is the word when, in addition to "design" the word, have "artistic conception", "device", "a", "Form" and so on the Chinese characters that form the word "design " Therefore, to understand what is "design", we can first of these words to explain: English stems from the design of the de-Latin sinare is "- A mark" means, in the 16th century Italian desegno started the meaning of the current design, by the French after the intermediary, as quoted by the English, become English in the present design, in English design: A Design a B Painted sketches, or gradually completed exquisite pictorial C Scheduled for a certain purpose and D Plan, E I F Used to seal Tuji expression and recognition of the Meaning, and so on, where a and b are related to the design of the design closest to the alleged Japanese, Chinese characters "artistic conception" refers to "ideas processing" means that the design work is engaged in the work of processing "Pictorial" as opposed to "copy", the text refers to: [done; pictorial means: in order to do Drawing is also illustrates how the work carried out, then it can be reached with the expression refers to the significance of graphics Japanese, Chinese characters "a" means a combination of things (including articles, pictures, events, ), the pursuit of accuracy and aesthetic forms of sexual "Form" refers to "shape" the formation, which is the environment, physical, and create the Japanese, Chinese characters of "design" refers to the establishment of specific goals and then plan according to (manufacture) in kind to achieve their goals " However," design "the word used to explain Chinese, and more In ">," set "," of "the word meaning as follows: a: Chen Shih also from the statement easement, easements, and people Oxfam is a display of the flag Statement refers to the language Easements that can be shipped rotation of the transfer means Next to the word from the statement and easements, the speech is to express to the causative Total: will also, Suan (operator), 10 from the Total dollars is calculated Thinking of that 10, the number of the specific (as opposed to a few Chouxiang) Next to the word from the statement and 10, is to express to thinking, to complete specific language to a few Therefore, the "design" to Chinese speaking, there are "man-made, first, forecast a" Such a definition is actually another, more common in the Chinese words: "create", and "creating" in Japanese, also known as "construction" or "fix the house" and the current Chinese in the "construction" is the word Japanese to Chinese characters is the translation of the "architecture" come back to Chinese, and a day-to-day jargon like "design" is the Japanese word translation of Chinese characters in order to "design" from, and send back in a Chinese daily the same However, if the development of the design from the West, before the rise of modern design, architectural design not only equivalent, equivalent to the Especially Western art history with the Royal College of arts education courses, from the Renaissance started slowly on the formation of professional skills led to the construction, and professional skills of painting and sculpture professional skills heritage, known as a Form three art, a called From this perspective we can be relatively easy to understand, "is the aesthetic design, the use of Form and Function of commemorative activities or creating activities" definition and Generally speaking aesthetic experience, the use of function and function to commemorate the three, and the degree will be like the At the same time the so-called aesthetic experience with the use of function, and not merely by only creators to feelings and judgement, but also from producers, consumers to Memorial function often as a result of a great deal of different On the other hand, since the 19th century industrial revolution, pure manual production of art (painting, sculpture) gradually and architectural design, poster design or product design gradually separate, the former to hand, a first for the latter to Machinery production, the same thing can produce dozens, hundreds, And the former will be called pure art and handicrafts, as the latter But no matter how distinction between pure art or craft or construction or design, or should be able to meet the "aesthetic experience, the use of function to mark the functional" Visual Communication Design is the language, symbols, Form to capture beauty, capturing, and expression of imagery to express ideas and attempt to further communication and persuasion to effect a design Perhaps we have the so-called "beauty" have different views, but to capture design aesthetic is beyond doubt, in particular visual communication design (graphic design) Understanding of the definition and concept design will be the first step is to understand the design, help us understand as a quasi-graphic designers scope of Plane concept Design comes from the English word "design", including a wide range of design and construction categories: industrial, Huanyi, decorating, display, clothing, graphic design, , and now the name of graphic design in the usual expressions very difficult because it is now subject * broader cross between the deeper, the traditional definition, for example, the current name "Graphic Design (graphis design) visual communication design, decoration design…… Perhaps, this graphic design and the characteristics of a great relationship, because of the omnipresent design, graphic design ubiquitous, from the scope of the terms used for the printing and graphic design are related to the functional terms "by the people, the visual adjusted to a certain degree of" acts, called Visual Communication, which uses visual language to impart information and express their views, and decorating design or decorating art design are recognized as highly inaccurate names, with one- now, about the content and graphic design of the case, let us look at plane Design of the classification, such as the image of system design, print design, book binding design firms in the design, packaging design, posters / poster design…… It can be said that how many needs there are that many addition, the design and commercial art design is obviously design is the purpose of planning, graphic design is to be taken of these planning in the form of one of the graphic design of the visual elements you need to spread your ideas and plans to use text and graphics message to the audience , and let people through these visual elements know your ideas and plans, and this is our design of the definition of a bottom line for the survival of visual works, we should see whether he has touched other people's energy, whether behind a smooth transfer of information, in fact She Xue like interpersonal relationships, according to conquer * charm like, you seize the design of the charm of the people? is was love at first sight-or natural-style, you need like a gentleman or a gentle不修边幅son of treason , or scholarship rigorous plane designers as a matter of fact is that multiple roles, you need mutual understanding, like you need to be investigated, you should be like the one, but not the preference of empty, you The design represents our customers, customers need to move your feelings of others, you in fact "betraying" the feelings of the people, and the graphic design is a specific purpose are closely linked to the Plane Design is the combination of technology and art is the product of the business community in the commercial needs of the arts community in the design and creation of the ideal of balance, objectivity and restraint needed, the author required by the mouth to speak on behalf of Design and Art different, because that is designed to meet the aesthetic but also with practicality, pettifoggers vision, the people-centered design is a need and not just decoration, Design did not complete the concept, design excellence, continuously improved, the need to challenge themselves and to their own The crux of the design is found that only through continuous in-depth feelings and experience to do so impressed with the designers of others is a Design it is to be moved, will be sufficient detail itself moved, creativity itself Fighting moving graphics, color grade Fighting moving, moving material texture Fighting,…… the design of a variety of organic elements of the arts Also, designers should understand their own more stringent attitude aroused spiritual Flat Road Design of the study may be a lot of different routes, because this is the diversification of knowledge structure design decision, regardless of what you have done, regardless of how you have to, in the areas of design, you have previous experience will be affected you, you will face challenges and may be eliminated, as that can never be great to bring up * in accordance with the subjective wishes of the people can achieve the same…… Section 1: You sure you to enter this field? -- In the knowledge structure of the designer Design of a wide range of knowledge structure will require designers with a wide range of knowledge and access to information Step 1: from the point, line, surface understanding, learning and mastering the planar composition, color composition, three-dimensional structure, Perspective, and other infrastructure, we need to have an objective visual experience, the establishment of rational thinking, master of the physiology of vision, understanding design elements of this Step 2: You will draw the draft? 1998 Australia Industrial Design Advisory Committee findings, the design professional graduates should possess the skills of the first 10: "The draft plan should be outstanding and the ability to paint freehand, a design should be as fast and not restrained visual graphics skills, Painting is the source of design, a sketch design is thinking of the paper form, we have reason to believe that the painting is the basis of graphic design, graphic design basis for the design of! " Step 3: What do you lack? Lack of traditional courses of study, such as ceramics, prints, watercolors, oil paintings, photography, calligraphy, Chinese paintings, black-and-white painting, and so on, too much, you should ask ourselves! No matter how these courses will be at different levels to enhance your design manipulative ability, capacity and performance aesthetic capability, the most critical thing is that you understand what is art, but more importantly is that you found your own personality, but it is also a long-term Step 4: "I can start the design?"? Of course not, you want to design? As you begin to play the game, you understand the rules of the game? But do not worry, you have entered the professional self-study, and it also implies that you have just begun, and you will not pack is not favorable, not impetuous not complain, pragmatic, practical matter of attitude into this We logo design as an example, we need to have what kind of background knowledge, the meaning of signs, emblems of origin, the characteristics of signs, emblems of design principle, the art of signs, emblems of manifestations, a sign of the way, we need to understand why? Why Coca-Cola will Gongbian global Why do we aspire to wear Lee jeans licensing? As a designer, you are satisfied with the surrounding visual environment? Ask yourself, your design ideals? Step 5: Can you identify the design is good or bad, know why? Step on the basis of knowledge of the design through the study, you have unwittingly entered a design imitation stage, in order to move forward we must look back at history, Xier from theory into the study books to learn predecessors and outstanding Along with this stage of a more long-term process, your design standards may be very unstable, you sometimes confusing, sometimes happy, with a lot of practice, as well as the entire operation of the design process have gradually started to mature into You need to learn the rules to break the Section 2: You can become outstanding outstanding designers? -- On the request of designers 1, the success of designers should have the following: A, sensitive to the feelings of strong ability to B, C's ability to create inventions, works of aesthetic identification capability D, the design concept of expression E, a comprehensive professional smart Modern designer needs to be a broader cultural perspective, profound wisdom and wealth of knowledge with the spirit of innovation must be knowledgeable, sensitive, and can solve the problem, consideration should be given to reflect the community, social effect, and to design work useful to society, to improve people's aesthetic ability, the psychological pleasure and satisfaction, should be summarized contemporary characteristics of the times and reflect the true aesthetic taste and aesthetic At least you should know that the best designers have their "own" approach, a clear image of a logical point of 2, designers must be confident and believe in their own personal beliefs, experience, vision and Not bigotry, not Gufangzishang, not arrogance, do not Attitude in the face of rigorous scholarship, not personality and character, not for the design and As a designer, must have a unique quality and superb design skills, that is, no matter how complex design issues, and can be accessed through conscientiously sum up experiences and motives thinking, repeatedly deliberated, learn to digest the same type of outstanding design essence, a new 3, graphic design as a career, the level of professional ethics designers and designers improve a great personality of the relationship between a designer often determine the level of the degree of perfection of character, the higher the degree of its ability to understand and grasp the ability weigh identify capacity, coordination, ability to act…… will assist in the design of his life and a crossed an obstacle, so designers must pay attention to cultivate personal, text saying: "prevocational its shape, after practicing their " 4, the design of a compulsory increase in continuous learning and practice, designers and covered a wide range of mutual contradictions focus is the reunification of the former is a form of inspiration and the source of performance, which is working Good design is not just graphics creation, and he is in a lot of the results of intellectual work, engage in different areas to play different roles, so that we can maintain the broad perspective, we can design with more information In the design of the most crucial ideas, good ideas need time to study custody and Design also need to broaden our horizons, so that information is a vast range of sources, Chuleibangtong study graphic design is an important feature of art is essentially a common culture and wisdom of the constant supply design profession is to become a magic weapon evergreen 5, a character from the design may be扎in the nation with a long tradition and rich cultural qualities of the design of the national culture, national character and originality and personality is equally valuable, geographical features is the designer of background knowledge The designer is no longer the future of narrow nationalists, and each nation more signs reflected in the level of the national spirit, national and traditions will also become a schema or design elements, as designers need to seriously look at the nation traditions and Graphic design work that is a highly subjective creative work, most of the graphic designers is done through ongoing self-education training, upgrading design For example, more attention to the peacetime to a wide variety of posters, publicity materials, magazines, books, in the design and collecting them, or other designers of the Internet browser works to stimulate their design Graphic designers have sharp aesthetic, but also a certain degree of text Therefore, can be between a wide range of reading, increase their knowledge and text In addition, most graphic designers will also use the Internet to set up a group to do exchange of Do a real graphic designers not only learn just a few of the software can From creative inspiration, and inspiration from the life and the need to experience life, and found inspiration from, we must learn how to create Plane done, first of all, you have to know what plane, for example, the three major composition, a foundation, these are the most basic From there sketching, color, photography, ~ ~ Many of the art or design-related, starts to In fact, designers need to do a study of the many, many, the so-called life-long learning, any time, you can not say that they have a grasp of the area completely, like a painting you never can be painted End the There are many good books, if you home side advertising bookstores, can go to see, in addition to some understanding on the design of the books, you should also look at all of advertising, marketing, copywriting, planning and so your work will be 在网上找到的,作者和出处不详!==========================================刚刚又找了两篇,回答的字数超了,只能发链接
专利法第五十九条第二款规定,外观设计专利权的保护范围以表示在图片或者照片中的该产品的外观设计为准,简要说明可以用于解释图片或者照片所表示的该产品的外观设计。专利法第二十七条第二款规定,申请人提交的有关图片或者照片应当清楚地显示要求专利保护的产品的外观设计。就立体产品的外观设计而言,产品设计要点涉及六个面的,应当提交六面正投影视图;产品设计要点仅涉及一个或几个面的,应当至少提交所涉及面的正投影视图和立体图,并应当在简要说明中写明省略视图的原因。就平面产品的外观设计而言,产品设计要点涉及一个面的,可以仅提交该面正投影视图;产品设计要点涉及两个面的,应当提交两面正投影视图。必要时,申请人还应当提交该外观设计产品的展开图、剖视图、剖面图、放大图以及变化状态图。
1、首先平面产品的外观设计就没有立体图一说;2、对于立体产品,指南上是要求立体图的,但是在实际处理过程中,貌似也可以保护立体图,只要把要保护的点展示出来就行,不过为了防止审查员太较真,最好带上立体图,不然后患无穷。
赛贝知识产权为您解答,外观专利绘图的要求如下:1、图片应当参照我国技术制图和机械制图国家标准中有关正投影关系、线条宽度以及剖切标记的规定绘制。不得以阴影线、指示线、虚线、中心线、尺寸线、点划线等线条表达外观设计的形状。2、可以用两条平行的双点划线或自然断裂线表示细长物品的省略部分。图面上可以用指示线表示剖切位置和方向、放大部位、透明部位等,但不得有不必要的线条或标记。3、不得使用铅笔、蜡笔、圆珠笔绘制图片,也不得用蓝图、草图、油印件。4、用计算机绘制的外观设计图片,图面分辨率应当满足清晰的要求。
提供一些平面广告设计的毕业论文题目,供参考。1、 解读香港设计师李永铨的海报2、 平面设计中的形态设计3、 版面设计中的“平面空间”4、 产品文化性“主题”与造型依据5、 导向21世纪的设计机构6、 平面设计中的精神与物质7、 突破传统的传统—平面设计中的传统与现代8、 谈平面设计中的创意9、 数字的微笑—数字在平面设计中的运用10、 立足本土,放眼世界11、非纸类材质在书籍装帧中的运用12、“博古”与“薄古”(以古论今)13、包装设计的价值观14、中国广告人为什么对幽默说不15、论“力动”与海报设计16、电脑图标的功能与特色17、浅谈吉祥物的造型设计18、谈广告的图形构成19、交错在传统与时尚间的茶眼饮包装设计20、广告活动应强调互动性(谈“热力奥运”活动与受众之间的互动关系)21、浅谈对以文字为主题的招贴的视觉感受22、浅谈现代插图的“立体化”趋势23、从西式符号到中国图式(寻找中国商标设计的自我理念)24、图画的文字,汉字的图化(浅谈中国文字的视觉运用)25、浅谈沟通在文化性广告中的重要作用26、浅谈当今旅游食品包装的设计理念27、旅游产品包装与区域旅游品牌关系(寻找两者见的最佳契合点及其表现方式)28、浅谈酒包装设计中的情感互动29、从中山陵的广告设计中浅谈设计中的文化性30、从“福田繁雄”的作品中的矛盾空间看创造性思维的发展
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我记得汉斯出版社《设计》这本期刊的领域就有平面设计,你可以去找下相关文献参考参考
你可以就"菜鸟如何设计出好的广告"或"什么是平面设计"作为你毕业论文的主题下面的资料给你参考资料一一个好的广告的标准 一个优秀的广告并不是以美观(当然这些是必不可少的)来衡量的,而是看它是否适合你的广告对象。说白了就是它是否能够刺激销售。 优秀创意人的基本素质 理性和感性兼备,具有广泛的知识面和丰富的生活阅历。 理性:分析总结广告逻辑的合理性。 感性:快速感应所适合版面的色彩、位置、大小以及应该赋予消费者的感觉。 对于图片的注意事项: 1、图片必须有一个鲜明的主体。 2、图片宜产生一悬念,用以吸引观看。 3、功能性产品的图片,使用前后对比极有说服力。 4、照片的吸引力更胜手绘。 5、使用明星照片能加强记忆力。 6、图片中只需重点突出一个卖点,不宜过于繁复。 7、人物脸部不宜大与实际尺寸。 8、过于历史性的图片无吸引力。 9、以目标消费对象的心态来考虑图片主体。 10、“婴儿”、“小动物”、“性”为主体的图片最具影响力。 11、男性产品使用性感女郎可能会造成男性对产品的忽视。 12、彩色图片的吸引力比黑白的高出1倍。 13、食品类广告馋涎欲滴的照片必不可少。 对于排版的注意事项: 1、重要的英语标题不宜使用全大写。(降低认知度) 2、标题不宜重叠与图片之上。(干扰视线) 3、标题中无标点。(通常情形下) 4、内文每行不宜过长。(人们习惯阅读的文字为每行40字) 5、内文排列必须有条理有规律,不能过于凌乱(不便阅读)。 6、内文宜使用白底黑字,细线体字。(有助阅读) 7、深底反白的内文极难阅读。(加快眼部疲劳) 8、如内文很长如何处理? ●标题与内文间穿插副标题。 ●内文首字放大。 ●内文中穿插小标题。 ●段末留白,分清段落。 ●重要段落或语句加粗。 ●使用符号引导视线。 9、中文的标点符号一直是中文字体的败笔,空隙太大,使得排版中(尤其是内文)会出现很多漏洞,使整个排版不严谨、不精致,建议将所有标点符号的字距缩小50%。 10、内文文字大小控制在7-9Pt。资料二当今,有一点可以肯定的是,设计的领域在扩大,这是一个需要设计的世界。拒最新的统计资料显示,中国目前已有正规的设计学院教学机构700多所,并且还在不断的增加当中。就学人数则呈倍数增长,这使本以师资力量和质量缺乏的设计教育更是疲于应付,力不从心况且中国本身并不具备理论方面的基础,对设计的理解和认识水平太底造成设计教育水平低劣的事实,设计师成为没有原则惟利是图的九流之辈。并间接对我们的生存空间造成巨大的视觉污染。谁为我们的视觉空间负责?! 本文虽从大设计概念出发,但在论述过程当中更偏向于平面设计方向,总结设计、平面设计的知识结构,平面设计的技巧,平面设计的设计元素,平面设计的手法,平面设计的风格等等,根据我个人的认识,并结合很多资料,进行一些浅显的讨论,目的是为了能够揭示设计的基本问题及核心精神。对设计师个人起着普遍意义和作用的问题的总结,使设计人员能够明白这一职业自己的知识结构、素养、原则、职业道德、责任等等。 论文中的内容,为避免教条化,请考虑到理论与实践当中的差距作为对设计的认识、思维的方法论,其只具有一般性的指导作用。 第一章:理解平面设计 了解设计的定义和概念将是了解设计的第一步,有助于了解我们作为一名准平面设计师的职责范围。 第一节:平面设计的正名与分类 设计一词来源于英文"design",包括很广的设计范围和门类建筑:工业、环艺、装潢、展示、服装、平面设计等等,而平面设计现在的名称在平常的表述中却很为难,因为现在学科之间的交叉更广更深,传统的定义,例如现行的叫法“平面设计(graphis design)视觉传达设计、装潢设计……,这也许与平面设计的特点有很大的关系,因为设计无所不在、平面设计无所不在,从范围来讲用来印刷的都和平面设计有关,从功能来讲“对视觉通过人自身进行调节达到某种程度的行为”,称之为视觉传达,即用视觉语言进行传递信息和表达观点,而装潢设计或装潢艺术设计则被公认为极不准确的名称,带有片面性。 现在,在了解了对平面设计范围和内涵的情况下,我们再来看看平面设计的分类,如形象系统设计、字体设计、书籍装帧设计、行录设计、包装设计、海报/招贴设计……可以这样说有多少种需要就有多少种设计。 另外,商业设计与艺术设计很显然是存在的。 第二节:平面设计的概念 设计是有目的的策划,平面设计是这些策划将要采取的形式之一,在平面设计中你需要用视觉元素来传播你的设想和计划,用文字和图形把信息传达给受众,让人们通过这些视觉元素了解你的设想和计划,这才是我们设计的定义。一个视觉作品的生存底线,应该看他是否具有感动他人的能量,是否顺利地传递出背后的信息,事实上她更象人际关系学,依靠魅力来征服对象,你的设计有抓住人心的魅力吗?是一见钟情式的还是水到渠成式的,你需要象一个温文尔雅的绅士还是一个不修边幅的叛逆之子,或是治学严谨的学者。事实上平面设计者所担任的是多重角色,你需要知己知彼,你需要调查对象,你应成为对象中的一员,却又不是投其所好,夸夸其谈,你的设计代表着客户的产品,客户需要你的感情去打动他人,你事实上是“出卖”感情的人,平面设计是一种与特定目的有着密切联系的艺术。 第三节:平面设计的特征 设计是科技与艺术的结合,是商业社会的产物,在商业社会中需要艺术设计与创作理想的平衡,需要客观与克制,需要借作者之口替委托人说话。 设计与美术不同,因为设计即要符合审美性又要具有实用性、替人设想、以人为本,设计是一种需要而不仅仅是装饰、装潢。 设计没有完成的概念,设计需要精益求精,不断的完善,需要挑战自我,向自己宣战。设计的关键之处在于发现,只有不断通过深入的感受和体验才能做到,打动别人对与设计师来说是一种挑战。设计要让人感动,足够的细节本身就能感动人,图形创意本身能打动人,色彩品位能打动人,材料质地能打动人、……把设计的多种元素进行有机艺术化组合。还有,设计师更应该明白严谨的态度自身更能引起人们心灵的振动。 第二章:平面设计之路 设计的学习可能有很多不同的路,因为这是有设计的多元化知识结构决定的,不管你以前是做什么的,不管你曾经如何如何,在进入设计领域之后,你以前的阅历都将影响你,你都将面临挑战与被淘汰的可能,正如,想要造就伟大永远不可能是依靠人们的主观愿望所能达到的一样…… 第一节:你确认你要进入这一领域吗?--设计师的知识结构 设计多元化的知识结构必将要求设计人员具有多元化的知识及信息获取方式。 第一步:从点、线、面的认识开始,学习掌握平面构成、色彩构成、立体构成、透视学等基础;我们需要具备客观的视觉经验,建立理性思维基础,掌握视觉的生理学规律,了解设计元素这一概念。 第二步:你会画草图吗?1998澳大利亚工业设计顾问委员会调查结果,设计专业毕业生应具备的10项技能第一位就是:“应有优秀的草图和徒手作画的能力,作为设计着应具备快而不拘谨的视觉图形表达能力,绘画艺术是设计的源泉,设计草图是思想的纸面形式,我们有理由相信,绘画是平面设计的基础,平面设计的设计的基础!” 第三步:你还缺少什么?缺少对传统课程的学习,如陶艺、版画、水彩、油画、摄影、书法、国画、黑白画等等,太多太多,你还是问问自己吧!不管如何这些课程将在不同层次上加强了你设计的动手能力、表现能力和审美能力,他们最关键的是让你明白什么是艺术,更重要的是你发现你自己的个性,但这也是一个长期的过程。 第四步:“我可以开始设计了吗”?当然不行,你要设计什么?正如你要开始玩游戏了,你了解游戏规则吗?不过你不用担心,你已经进入了专业自身的学习,同时也意味着你才刚刚开始,你将不折不挠,不浮躁不抱怨、务实的、实事求事的态度步入这一领域。我们以标志设计为例,我们需要具备什么样的背景知识,标志的意义、标志的起源、标志的特点、标志的设计原则、标志的艺术规律、标志的表现形式,标志的构成的手法、我们需要理解为什么?为什么可口可乐会红遍全球;为什么我们渴望穿Lee牌牛仔裤?作为一名设计师,你对我们周围的视觉环境满意吗?问问自己,你的设计理想是什么? 第五步:你能辨别设计的好坏,知道为什么吗?上一步通过对设计基础知识的学习,不知不觉你已经进入了设计的模仿阶段,为了向前我们必须回顾历史,既而从理论书籍的学习转变为向前辈及优秀设计师学习。这个阶段伴随着一个比较长期的一个过程,你的设计水平可能会很不稳定,你有时困惑、有时欣喜,伴随着大量的实践以及对设计整个运转流程逐渐掌握,开始向成熟设计师迈进。 你需要学会规则,再打破规则。 第二节:你能成为优秀出众的设计师吗?--对设计师的要求 1、成功的设计师应具备以下几点: A、强烈敏锐的感受能力 B、发明创造的能力 C、对作品的美学鉴定能力 D、对设计构想的表达能力 E、具备全面的专业智能 现代设计师必须是具有宽广的文化视角,深邃的智慧和丰富的知识;必须是具有创新精神知识渊博、敏感并能解决问题的人,应考虑社会反映、社会效果,力求设计作品对社会有益,能提高人们的审美能力,心理上的愉悦和满足,应概括当代的时代特征,反映了真正的审美情趣和审美理想。起码你应当明白,优秀的设计师有他们“自己”的手法、清晰的形象、合乎逻辑的观点。 2、设计师一定要自信,坚信自己的个人信仰、经验、眼光、品味。不盲从、不孤芳自赏、不骄、不浮。以严谨的治学态度面对,不为个性而个性,不为设计而设计。作为一名设计师,必须有独特的素质和高超的设计技能,即无论多么复杂的设计课题,都能通过认真总结经验,用心思考,反复推敲,汲取消化同类型的优秀设计精华,实现新的创造。 3、平面设计作为一种职业,设计师职业道德的高低和设计师人格的完善有很大的关系,往往决定一个设计师设计水平的就是人格的完善程度,程度越高其理解能力、把握权衡能力、辨别能力、协调能力、处事能力……将协助他在设计生活中越过一道又一道障碍,所以设计师必须注重个人的修为,文人常说:“先修其形,后练其品”。 4、设计的提高必修在不断的学习和实践中进行,设计师的广泛涉猎和专注是相互矛盾又统一的,前者是灵感和表现方式的源泉,后者是工作的态度。好的设计并不只是图形的创作,他是中和了许多智力劳动的结果,涉猎不同的领域,担当不同的角色,可以让我们保持开阔的视野,可以让我们的设计带有更多的信息。在设计中最关键的是意念,好的意念需要学养和时间去孵化。设计还需要开阔的视野,使信息有广阔的来源,触类旁通是学习平面设计的重要特点之一,艺术之间本质上是共通的,文化与智慧的不断补给是成为设计界长青树的法宝。 5、有个性的设计可能是来自扎跟于本民族悠久的文化传统和富有民族文化本色的设计思想,民族性和独创性及个性同样是具有价值的,地域特点也是设计师的知识背景之一。未来的设计师不再是狭隘的民族主义者,而每个民族的标志更多的体现在民族精神层面,民族和传统也将成为一种图式或者设计元素,作为设计师有必要认真看待民族传统和文化。 第三章:平面视觉的科学 视觉会给人带来一连串的生理上的、心理上的、情感上的、行动上的反应,设计是视觉经验的科学,他包括两个方面,一个是不以人为而改变的即生理感受的人的基本反应,另一个是随即的或不确定因素构成。如个人喜好,性格等等、等等。 一、相对稳定的方面: 主要是生理上的视知觉,人们的一些视觉习惯、视觉流程、视觉逻辑,如从上到下,从左到右,喜欢连贯的、重复,喜欢有对比的,还有在颜色方面人们最喜欢的其实是有对比的互补色等等。这都是跟人们的生理上的习惯有关,都是人生理机能的本能反应。作为设计师应该对这些知识能充分了解、灵活运用,设计是对人本的关注,首先应对文化与人的感知方式这些相对稳定的方面进行研究,并且需要我们在实践中去总结。 二、不稳定的方面: 不稳定的方面主要是指情感、素质、品位、阅历上的不同,在设计过程中你需要具备一定的判断和把握能力,你需要客观和克制,才能完成卓越的设计。 三、设计思维的科学: 设计是必须具有科学的思维方法,能在相同中找到差别,能在不同当中找到共同之处,能掌握运用各种思维方法,如纵向关联思维和横向关联思维以及发散式的思维,善于运用科学的思维方式找到奇特的新的视觉形象,才能不断发现新的可能。 平面视觉的科学其实是一个很大很深的学问,只有在这门学问的健全和深入的推广,才能保证设计水平的普遍提高。在这里只是抛砖引玉式的提出这一观点,还需要日后结合其他学科的研究成果进行系统的整理和论述。 第四章:平面设计的一般流程 平面设计的过程是有计划有步骤的渐进式不断完善的过程,设计的成功与否很大程度上取决于理念是否准确,考虑是否完善。设计之美永无止境,完善取决于态度。 一、调查 调查是了解事物的过程,设计需要的是有目的和完整的调查。背景、市场调查、行业调查(关于品牌、受众、产品……)、关于定位、表现手法、……调查是设计的开始和基础(背景知识)。 二、内容 内容分为主题和具体内容两部分,这是设计师在进行设计前的基本材料。 三、理念 构思立意是设计的第一步,在设计中思路比一切更重要。理念一向独立于设计之上。也许在你的视觉作品中传达出理念是最难的一件事。 四、调动视觉元素 在设计中基本元素相当于你作品的构件,每一个元素都要有传递和加强传递信息的目的。真正优秀的设计师往往很“吝啬”,每动用一种元素,都会从整体需要出发去考虑。在一个版面之中,构成元素可以根据类别来进行划分,如可以分为: 标题、内文、背景、色调、主体图形、留白、视觉中心等等。平面设计版面就是把不同元素进行有机结合的过程。例如在版式当中常常借助框架(也叫骨骼),就有很多种形式,规律框架和非规律框架,可见框架和隐性框架;还有在字体元素当中,对于字体和字型的选择和搭配的好坏就是一个非常有讲究的。选择字体风格的过程就是一个美学判断的过程,还有在色彩这一元素的使用上,能体现出一个设计师对色彩的理解和修养。色彩是一种语言(信息),色彩具有感情,能让人产生联想,能让人感到冷暖、前后、轻重、大小等等。善于调动视觉元素是设计师必备的能力之一。 五、选择表现手法 手法即是技巧,在视觉产品泛滥的今天要想把受众打动以并非易事,更多的视觉作品已被人们的眼睛自动的忽略掉了。要把你的信息传递出去有几种方法呢?一种是完整完美的以传统美学去表现的设计方式,会被受众欣赏阅读并记住。二种是用新奇的或出奇不意的方式可以达到(包括在材料上)三种是疯狂的广告投放量,进行地毯式的强行轰炸。而我们更需要那一种呢?虽然三种方法都能达到目的,但我们清楚他们的回报是不同的。 我们在三大构成中学过很多种图形的处理和表现手法,如对比、类比、夸张、对称、主次、明暗、变异、重复、矛盾、放射、节奏、粗细、冷暖、面积等形式。另外还有从图形处理的效果上又有手绘类效果,如油画、铅笔、水彩、版画、蜡笔、涂鸦……还有其他的如摄影、老照片、等等。那么你要选择那一种呢?这取决于你的目的和目标群体,以及你的设计水平。 六、平衡 平衡能带来视觉及心理的满足,设计师要解决画面当中力场的平衡,前后衔接的平衡,平衡感也是设计师构图所需要的能力,平衡与不平衡是相对的,以是否达到主题要求为标准。平衡分为对称平衡和不对称平衡,包括点、线、面、色、空间的平衡。 七、出彩 记住,你要创造出视觉兴奋点来升华你的作品。 八、关于风格 作为设计师有时是反对风格的,固定风格的形成意味着自我的僵死,但风格同时有是一个设计师性格、喜好、阅历、修养的反映,也是设计师成熟的标志,以为“了解大同,才能独走边缘”。 九、制作 检查项目包括:图形、字体、内文、色彩、编排、比例、出血…… 要求:视觉的想象力和效果要赏心悦目,而更重要的是被受众理解! 如果你有一双发现美的眼睛 你可以把设计作为一种生活的方式 愿你生活并快乐、幸福着!!!
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TI是英文title:题名的意思如你所写的是:包括 KEY是关键词 其实我们还可用一些简单的方法: 文献类型选择 在文献查询页面,“文献类型选择”列出了本系统中可提供用户查询的各类型文献数据库。这是一个必选项目,可以单选,也可以多选或全选。系统具有跨库检索功能,可同时在多个数据库中查寻文献。 查询范围选择 这是一个单选项目。可在作者、标题、文摘、关键词、分类号或全文检索等项目中任选一项,确定系统对数据库中相应字段进行检索。其中“全文检索”选项可对数据库中的所有字段进行查找。 查询年限选择 用于选择欲查文献的出版年份。所选择的年份相当于当年的1月1日至12月31日,默认时间为全部年。 输入检索词 可以输入与查询主题密切相关的单个词进行检索,也可以通过 “and”(与)、“or ”(或)、“not”(非)进行组配,构成比较复杂的逻辑检索式。例如,欲查找有关计算机辅助设计的论文,可以用中文词组“计算机辅助设计”或英文缩写“CAD”来表达,通过“或”的关系连缀起来,可以构成这样一个检索式:计算机辅助设计 or CAD 输入完检索条件后,按“查询”按钮,就可查询到相关文献的题录列表。 下面的方法比较专业,不适合大多数的的,不建意使用! 键入一个或多个检索词(可以为任意词),如protein disulfide isomerase ,也可以输入缩略名如pdi等;输入多个词时,可自动识别成词组;但词数太多时,则以逻辑与的方式识别,如可以将protein disulfide isomerase识别成一个词,也有可能将其识别成“protein AND disulfide AND isomerase”尤其是出现数字等符号时不易识别成词组; 对不能识别检索的词组,需加引号强调,如键入: “Insight II” 以文献作者方式检索,作者名的输入格式为: 姓+名 如输入:Freesman DJ ,其中“姓”为全称,“名”则为首字母简写形式( “名”可以省略); 键入的杂志名称可以是全名,也可以是杂志名的MedLine缩写格式 或ISSN杂志号(见期刊浏览)。 检索时可在词尾加“*”号检索所有具有同样词头的词。如键入:biolog* 可查得biology或biological等词。 也可将多个词以词组形式查询,对不能识别检索的词组,需加引号强调,如键入: “Insight II” 将识别成词组“Insight II”以方式查询,若键入: Insight II 则有可能分开识别成“Insight” 和“II”两个词,以逻辑与“Insight AND II”的方式进行检索。 词与词间可用AND、OR或NOT逻辑进行连词检索。 键入检索词后,别忘了选择检索年限(30天,10年不等)及选择文献的页面显示数目。 按Enter回车键或鼠标击话界面中的“Search”按钮可得到查询文献提要(document summary page)。 高级检索方式 (Advanced Search) 与基本检索方式不同的是增加了检索范围(search fields)和检索模式(search mode)的选择框。 在检索范围 Search Fields 选择条框中,包含了 All fields[ALL],指所有检索范围; Affiliation[AD,AFFL],指联系地址,包含第一作者(主要作者,Primary author)或其他作者的研究所和联系地址; Author Name[AU,AUTH],包含文章的所有作者,格式为“姓+名(首字母大写)”; EC Number[RN,ECNO],指酶学委员会统一规定的对每一个酶的特定的编号,同时也包括CAS登记号; Journal Title[TA,JOUR] 指文献出版杂志的名称; Language [LA,LANG]指文献语种; MeSH Major Topic[MAJR] 包含MEDLINE检索系统认为最重要的MeSH医学主题词表; MeSH Terms[MH,MESH], 包含所有用来检索MELINE的医学主题词(Medical Subject Headings); Modification Date[MDAT],指文献收入的日期(年-月-日,如97-Jul-26); Page Number[PAGE]指文献在杂志中的起始页; Publication Date[DP,PDAT],指文章出版日期(年-月-日); Substance[NM,SUBS],指与文献相关的化学物质在化学文摘检索(Chemical Abstract Service, CAS)中登记的名字和在MEDLINE库中的物质名称; Text words[TW,WORD],包括文章标题目,摘要中出现的所有述词以及MeSh词表和化学物质名称中的个别词; Title words[TI,TITL],仅包括文献记录标题中的词; Volume[VI,VOL] 指文献所在杂志的出版卷次; Medline ID[UI,MUID]指MedLine给每条引录文献的特定标识号; 最好采用Entrez检索系统作进一步精细查询 在检索模式(Search Mode)选择框中,包含自动检索累计(Automatic)和检索词列表(List Terms)检索模式: “Automatic”模式: 将对检索框中键入的词按逻辑与(AND)的方式检索,不仅自动显示检索到的符合文献数,而且在“修写当前查询内容(Modify Current Query)”显示框中分别显示单个词的累计文献数。可进行查询修改,以逻辑或(OR)、逻辑否(NOT,BUTNOT)等方式检索。亦可在“添加限制查询述词(Add Terms to Query)”的栏目中键入其他限制述词。 “List terms”检索词列表式检索: 在检索框中键入一个或多个文本述词(text words)、关键词(key words)或文章作者,将检索到所有以给定词开头的词或词组的文献数目。选定其中的词或滚动条框框外词(scroll list up/down)作进一步的检索结果显示,选择多个词的话,则会显示各个词相应的文献数累加结果。显示检索数目后,与“Automatic”模式一样,可作“增添限制述词检索(Add Terms to Query)”或“修改当前检索内容(Modify Current Query)”。 显示检索文献 (Retrieving Documents) 当检索结果的文献数目较少,且能满足需要时,按“Retrieve(检索)”按钮即显示检索到的文献内容列表,包括文献的标题(title),作者(author)及出版杂志、页码及日期(年),这个列表称为文献摘引列表(Document Summary Page)。 可根据需要显示详细内容,每条文献均有好几种显示格式: ①Citation report(引录格式)包含引录杂志,文章标题,作者联系地址,摘要 ②Abstract report(摘要格式)包含引录杂志,标题,作者,地址或联系处以及摘要。 ③MEDLINE report(MEDLINE经典格式)可用来下载并收入目录型数据库(bibliographic database)。 ④ASN1 report (ASN1格式) 指文献整个的结构格式,显示相关蛋白质或核苷酸的相关文献。 在某些文献还能连接到提供全文的杂志。 查询结果的显示选择