Research on the construction safety management of Civil EngineeringIn recent years, the construction accident in civil engineering in our country often occur. This not only caused casualties, also caused great loss of national property, and resulting in a very bad social influence. Therefore, in our country, the construction units in the civil engineering construction projects, shouldstrengthen the construction safety management, all aspects ofsecurity control for engineering, to prevent dangerous accidentsin the end it all. The cause of the civil engineering constructionaccidents are in many aspects. In order to enhance security,should be combined with the characteristics of construction projects and the enterprise's internal and external conditions, the rational allocation of production factors, optimization of management process. In order to realize the construction safetymanagement, construction units should establish a safety management system of a project, it should be carried out from the following aspects:A construction safety consciousness, cultivate the modern safety science theory, occurrence of unsafe human behavior causedcasualties. To implement safety management, it should becombined with psychology, behavioral science to strengthen the education and training of employees in production safety,improve the consciousness of safe production, so as to guide the safety production behavior of employees. For the construction enterprises should strengthen safety awareness and educationproject personnel, developing the regular safety education to the construction personnel involved in the project, and to carry outsecurity work. Three level education to the new participate in the work of the operating personnel; often transform types of employees, should be safety training for new types of work, makeoperation personnel matters needing attention can be familiar with the safe operation of the. In order to make safe productionconsciousness win support among the people, enterprisemanagement personnel but also in engineering project, using a variety of promotional tools to start a variety of education,cultivate the construction personnel safety consciousness. Andin the management of enterprises, the production safety systemthought to. Leaders at all levels and enterprises in issuing the project production task, should also carry out safety productionmeasures. Such as the production safety requirements to the construction personnel, so conducive to safe thought into the production of management, let each employee has consciously in the psychological sense of security.Two, the establishment of management system for safety in production in addition to strengthen production safety education and awareness of construction project staff, should alsoestablish a safety management system, protect the system from the construction enterprise safety in production of. In order toavoid the frequent occurrence of sudden accident, the construction enterprise should according to the project, to develop a comprehensive, the system of safety management,and invest the necessary manpower and funds to ensure the implementation of the project. Ensure the production safetyconstruction from the system implementation, the project section of construction enterprises should establish the safety inspectionsystem, and regularly to the project construction of the security check. Make a clear record of project construction process,record the dangerous post, and regularly check the work. Self evaluation and construction team every week to organize asafety activities, the project department to make regular safetyevaluation for project production. Construction enterprises in theconstruction of civil engineering, in order to establish a safety management system, need to make corresponding technical measures for safety management system, a comprehensivescientific standard for project.Therefore, the safety work of construction enterprise project technical measures should be prior to commencement of works.As for engineering and technical measures should be strict examination and approval, the approval before implementation. If the design changes during construction, corresponding safety technical measures should be coordinated with the adjustment,will follow. The safety technical measures enacted personnel andparticipation, should fully understand the project as the construction scheme, construction environment, the actualoperation has, and combined with relevant laws and regulations or the security policy to establish safety technical measures,which can ensure the safety measures. In civil engineering construction of large, corresponding safety technical measuresshould be formulated more comprehensive and more specific,must be carried out through the whole process of construction,and mainly covers to other engineering safety. To establish the system of safety management, construction enterprises should also be strict safety procedures.As before the construction of the project, technical personnel should to the technical measures for the construction personnelwork. Such as technical personnel issue written materials relatedto the construction personnel, and the implementation of safety technical measures of construction workers to regularly check;when technicians found construction personnel in violation oftechnical measure behavior, to give timely corrected. When theconstruction personnel technical mistakes when amended and supplemented immediately. In order to ensure the safety ofconstruction enterprises to implement, should take theseinspection of production safety measures the formation of rules and regulations, require employees to strictly abide by, so to ensure safety production system. At the same time, the construction enterprises can also follow the specific constructiondevelopment situation, formulate a set of safety technical measures linked to reward and punishment system, to strictly abide by the department or individual production safety, strictsecurity checks to reward, and if there are penalties for violations of the phenomenon. At the same time should have a goodproduction safety supervision work, and sent to the specialized production safety supervision work. When there is potential safety hazard factors in project development, should be timely analysis and inspection and make treatment immediately, so thatthe safety management to implement, implement the specificsystem, ensure the feasibility of production safety. The range ofcivil engineering projects involved in the construction processmore widely, because the factors which affect the engineering safety more. But in the construction process, the occurrence of safety accidents is often unexpected, with occasional andunexpected strong. These come unexpectedly accidents, serious damage often caused casualties and property.Three, strengthen the safety production and environment management in civil engineering construction process,environment is an important factor influencing the construction safety. So in order to guarantee safety in production, enterprises should be to strengthen the management of construction site. As in the construction site, the unnecessary equipment and surplus materials, should be timely treatment. In the pile construction materials in order to keep the construction site, the patency of the road accident, ensure to timely rescue, this is to protect the safety measures to realize. And construction enterprises shouldstrictly abide by the rules and regulations, which occurred on theconstruction site of the waste, garbage bag, cement, waste materials and other items should be clear, it can keep the siteclean, to create a civilized construction environment for safe construction. Create a safe production environment construction enterprises, should also be reflected in the risk disposal of equipment. For some such as the construction of electricity,dangerous equipment, cloth rod is used, should by the competent department of enterprise safety approval approval,the approval before they can be put into use after. And in the process of construction of civil engineering, a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of construction project. Some of the effects of environmental factors of the quality of construction, totake timely measures, and to conduct a comprehensivespecification, so that can realize the safe construction quality engineering to create good conditions.
Civil engineering in the long history of mankind "science and technology" as a system of civil engineering activity a substantial production processCivil engineering and construction of engineering science and technology it refers to the engineering construction collectively objects, namely, ground, built in underground engineering facilities also refers to water used materials, equipment and inspection in design, construction, maintenance, repair, etcAs an important basis for civil engineering discipline is the important attribute: comprehensive social economic and practical technology with human society advances art unity and development of civil engineering has been turned into a large-scale integrated disciplines and have many branches such as: the railway engineering construction engineering construction bridge engineering specialty structure of water and wastewater engineering of port engineering environment engineering disciplines such as water conservancy project consists of six major in civil engineering, architecture, city planning and civil engineering construction environment and water drainage engineering and equipment engineering road and bridge projectThrough a semester civil engineering introduction lessons I have deeply felt civil engineering covers a wide appreciates the previous achievements also realized as a civil engineer major responsibility, of course, we can't make brilliant achievements is immersed in the immobilized we shall also keep pace with The Times to go to think to dig the imagination to innovation in China's future as a civil engineer I want with civil engineering history with China's national conditions and the situation of the world talk of civil engineering road of the future!
该计划包括六件两跨连续梁的断面图所示。 1 。考虑到预应力混凝土连续梁桥通过在桥梁工程中通常有不同的部分,因此,高度测试梁是50厘米和30厘米的中期支持和中跨部分,分别和线性变化本节之间的高度是通过中期支持和中跨一节。 设计混凝土配合比确定试验和错误。为了提高加工的混凝土,高效减水剂(高效减水剂)的使用,最后组合混凝土1:0.35:0.98:2.52:0.012 (水泥:水:砂:粗骨料:高效减水剂) 。钢纤维用于在本研究中有一个形状的连接端。基本材料特性混凝土见表1 。基本材料特性预应力肌腱和钢筋列于表2 。
土木工程的key哀,速度,
你是哪个省的啊 看看如果可以的话 可以给你一份全面的
我也是土木的 我这里有很多啊 在把详细的说说我给你找个
我把我写的那篇给你吧 反正我也交了C) Civil Engineering Research Institute of Gansu, opportunities and threat analysis 1. The opportunity to analyze the external environment since 1992, China's construction market has expanded gradually standardized, project bidding system and the construction supervision system and gradually implement and perfect, engineering consulting With the new business development, engineering consulting industry policy and legal environment for continuous improvement. Shiliu Da Party clearly pointed out to encourage and develop the third industry, accelerate the development of services for the China Engineering Consulting provides policy support. Countries are committed to development of related laws and policies to build a fair, just, open and orderly market, so that the legal system and market standardized management processes faster, thus carrying out engineering consulting business to create a good competitive environment. Whole range of services to increase market demand, "one-stop" service demand horizon. The previous range of various types of engineering consulting services to include only projects a certain stage, or even just for a single phase of the part of the project legal often require different stages of project construction to select a different consulting firm, which makes the whole project consulting services a lack of integrity. And now because of investment diversification and engineering service needs of the construction process is the all-round development of the whole process, Gansu Research Institute of Civil Engineering works as a comprehensive scientific consulting firms precisely to meet this "one-stop" service needs . Construction market business opportunities. With the national key project construction and other types of investors to increase investment, engineering consulting industry is faced with unlimited business opportunities. Over the next 10 years, China's housing construction peak, 15 to reach 5.7 billion during the expansion, by 2005 China's urban per capita housing area will reach 22 o'clock. To promote urbanization. Well-known American economist, Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz at the World Bank conference in terms of: the 21st century the most important influences on human process, there are two things: First, China's urbanization, the second is a new technological revolution. China's urbanization rate in 2020 should reach 50%. 2. Analysis of the external threats to the environment in adverse market conditions. Currently engineering consulting industry peers competition between the increasing pressure, with disorderly competition between the industry, mainly because: the industry access to the policy is relaxed, a large number of new entrants making a relatively large number of engineering consulting firm, and the annual increase rapidly, out of less. Engineering Consulting Company homogenization between the serious, obvious differences between competitors. Various types of engineering consulting fees difficult to implement, keep the prices down to compete very prominent. Market demand for those who choose engineering consulting firm conversion relatively easy. Social identity degree of disadvantage. Engineering consulting industry in the whole community to the status and role of the lack of knowledge and its degree of recognition is also far from enough. In developed countries (such as the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, etc.), engineering consulting services engineering staff are mostly the elite belong to the high intelligence and complex talent and their intelligence services to obtain from the value of knowledge consistent with their high returns. However, the province's engineering consultants have not been duly recognized in society and the government, the most representative is the industry has called for an increase in fees and charges. The relative concentration of customers. In accordance with a small number of key principles, engineering consulting company's main business by a small number of key customers to provide these critical services to customers in the engineering consulting fees have greater bargaining power, can often presses is relatively low. Gansu Research Institute of Civil Engineering and is currently on the frequently encountered such a situation. The threat of potential entrants. China's accession to WTO, with the entry into force of government commitment, China's engineering consulting industry is already beginning to confront the threat of international engineering consulting firm. Many of the world-renowned large-scale engineering consulting organizations, are trying to expand their business in China through a variety of ways. At present, the world's top 200 engineering consulting company, has more than 150 assigned to China, these companies market their operational capability, management level and in such aspects as funding account for a large advantage. With the further liberalization of China's engineering consulting market, the country's various protection measures for the gradual abolition, these companies will inevitably beings, with our engineering consulting firms to snatch the market, and thus by potential entrants to become competitors. The threat of replacement. In accordance with national laws and regulations to allow owners of long-term construction projects, such as a large business or real estate investment company that has a dedicated construction management team, a relatively sound institutional system, the quality of personnel was also higher under the premise of free to complete the construction certain stages of work, rather than entrusted to a professional engineering consulting firm. (D) of Gansu Academy of Marketing Science in Civil Engineering Problems in the Civil Engineering Research Institute of Gansu Province in the development of engineering consulting industry, the market has done a lot of efforts and achieved some good results, but under the conditions of market economy, marketing, engineering consulting inadequate grasp of the activities of law, lack of scientific marketing idea. Currently, Gansu Academy of Marketing Science Civil Engineering There are following problems: 1, senior marketing management in place, lack of marketing mechanism is currently the Civil Engineering Research Institute of Gansu high-level management positions, there is no marketing functions, shown in Figure 1, this senior management of absence has brought a lot of harm. First of all, the lack of marketing mechanisms, the Gansu Research Institute of Civil Engineering, Engineering Consulting Marketing completely spontaneous marketing stage in order to survive, seemingly full of marketing, but in reality various departments like marketing, does not command a battle. Secondly, the marketing advantages of individual secondary sector can not be used for the whole institution, the enterprise's overall marketing functions of the greatly reduced. Affect the efficiency of selling many of the problems can not be resolved at a high level of hospital-wide adverse impact on marketing performance, marketing, lack of direction guidance. 2. Market positioning is unknown, competitive advantage can not play two different business units in different markets to develop a single business consulting market, internal conflicts, marketing resources can not be focused on the use of hospital-wide can not form a competitive advantage. 3. Weak corporate brand awareness, organizational culture is not conducive to the development of enterprises due to the current practice of Gansu Research Institute of Civil Engineering, the project responsibility system, each employee in the market are the equivalent of an independent consulting firm, and sometimes criticize each other for personal gain or strife, organizational culture is not conducive to long-term development of enterprises and brand image of the set. 4. The industry's products less competitive in Gansu Civil Engineering consulting services with scientific research institutes, consulting services for all single-qualification due to the low barriers to entry, the nature of a large number of private companies have joined, leading to homogenization of severe service products, is facing fierce competition in the market . 5. Consulting service quality due to the lack of unified management of organizations in the technical quality of sector work is usually routine in-house office, there is no technical management and quality management functions, and thus the two units of the depth of consulting services, lack of standard width.可以的话采纳我的
这个要靠你自己找了,你可以上万方网找,还有那也可以找的.但你们学校必须买那样的数据库.
可以看看这个 呵呵 是 土木专业英语上的课文 building types and designA building is closely bound up with people,for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :industrial buildings and civil buildings .industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,education and other social activities .Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining industry ,the metallurgical industry ,machine building ,the chemical industry and the textile industry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well. Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly industrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .翻译:建筑类型和设计建筑物与人们有着紧密的联系,他为人们提供必要的空间,用以工作和生活。根据适用类型不同,建筑物可以分为两类:工业建筑和民用建筑。工业建筑包括各个工厂或工业生产所使用建筑,民用建筑是指那些人们用以居住,就业,教育和其他社会活动的建筑场所。工业建筑的厂房可用于采矿业,冶金工业,机械制造,化学工业和纺织工业等各类领域的加工和制造。厂房可分为两种类型:单层的和多层的。工业建筑也属于建筑的一种。但是,工业建筑与民用建筑所用的材料和建筑方式不同。民用建筑按使用可分为两大类:住宅建筑和公共建筑。住宅建筑要适应家庭生活。每个单位应包括至少三个必要客房:起居室,厨房和厕所。公共建筑可在政治,文化活动,管理工作和其他服务,如学校,写字楼,公园,医院,商店,车站,剧院,体育馆,宾馆,展览馆,洗浴池,等等。他们都有着不同的职能,这反过来又需要不同的设计类型。房屋是用以住人的. 其基本功能是提供住房的内容,但今天人们需要更多的住房内容。一个家庭在进入一个新的社区后将知道,现有住房不仅要符合其安全,健康和舒适等标准。还要考虑其附近是否有相应的配套设施,如食品市场,学校,商店,图书馆,电影院,以及社区中心等。在60年代中期住房最重要的价值是足够大的空间和方便的出入交通。大多数家庭会首选约半英亩面积土地的家庭住宅,这样将提供足够的空间的用以业余活动。在高度工业化的国家,许多家庭的首选是那种尽可能远离市中心商业圈的住房,即使距离上班地点不得不有一段距离。相当多的家庭首选是郊区的住房,因为他们的主要目的是要远离噪音,拥挤和混乱。拥有方便的公共交通使得距离不再是一个决定性因素,因为大多数人都是开着自己的汽车去上班了。人们现在主要感兴趣的是户型,房间的大小和卧室的数目。在工程项目开始之前,要做好建筑设计和施工流程,让人提前知道该建筑建成后是什么样子以及下一步应该做什么。在建筑设计中要特别重视房间的布局,其目的是提供最大的便利与可能的用途。在一个住宅建筑设计中,布局可考虑以下三个方面: “白天” , “夜晚”和“服务”。必须注意这些空间区域之间的连通交流。 “白天”房一般包括餐厅,起居室和厨房,但其他房间可能会增加,如书房,并有可能成为一个大厅。起居室通常是最大的,往往是一个餐厅,也或可能有厨房、凹室等。 “夜间”房间包括卧室、客房。“服务”用房间包括厨房,浴室,储藏室 ,和厕所等。厨房和储藏室需设置在一起,以方便其房间功能的使用。此外,还必须考虑各种客房的朝向问题,当然最好尽可能的将那些经常使用的房间朝南设置。然而,在考虑到周围的环境和地点、道路等多方面因素,往往很难达到最佳要求。在解决这些复杂的问题,还必须按照当地城市规划条例所涉及的对公共设施,人口密度,建筑物高度,绿化面积,建筑红线等的要求,还要考虑到有相邻建筑的情况,等等。尽管工业建筑需要符合当地城市规划条例但很少有标准化的工业楼宇。现代厂房建筑的趋势是轻质、通风。一般的钢筋混凝土结构或钢结构的工厂,可以得到一个“跌”型脊屋顶,把窗户开向北以便使分布均匀的自然采光不会直射进来造成刺眼。
你是哪个省的啊 看看如果可以的话 可以给你一份全面的
可以去自己学习的图书馆电子阅览室寻找资源
土木工程常用英文期刊集粹土木工程常用英文期刊集粹1.Chaos, Solit***** and Fractals 2.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 3.Computers and Structures 4.Engineering Structures 5.European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 6.Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 7.International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 8.International Journal of Solids and Structures 9.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 10.Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 11.Reliability Engineering and System Safety 12.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 13.Structural Safety 14.Thin-Walled Structures ASCE 1.Journal of Engineering Mechanics 2.Journal of Structural Engineering Academic Press 1.Journal of Sound and Vibration IOS Press 1.Shock and Vibration ASME 1.Journal of Applied Mechanics 2.Applied Mechanics Review John Wiley&S*****, Ltd. 1.International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Spring-Verlag 1.Archive of Applied Mechanics 2.Computational Mechanics 3.Structural Optimization Kluwer Academic Publishers 1.Nonlinear Dynamics AIAA 1.AIAA Journal ACI Structural Journal Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems Structural engineering and Mechanics 所列期刊基本上都是属于SCI检索范围. 属土木类的顶级刊物,搞科研不可不看哦.田间阡陌2010-05-14 10:44我是搞桥梁抗震的:1 Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering(Springer)《地震工程通报》刊载地震工程研究方面的原始论文及跨学科文章。2 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (GSW)《美国地震学会通报》美国地震学会刊物,刊载地震学、地震工程及相关领域研究论文。在地震学核心刊物中排名第18。2004年影响因子IF:1.8123 Canadian Geotechnical Journal (Canada NRC) 《加拿大土工杂志》是世界上地球勘察领域的三大学术期刊之一。其内容涉及地层基础,挖掘,土壤资源,水坝,筑堤,斜坡,地下水利的新发展,岩石工程,地球化学,废物管理和输送,土壤冻结,结冰,下雪,海岸土壤以及地缘战略学。4 Clay Minerals (GSW) 《粘土矿物》刊载粘土与粘土矿物分析、物理与化学性质、地质与土壤研究以及粘土矿的利用等方面的研究论文。在矿物学核心刊物中排名第12位,2005年影响因子IF:1.1845 Computational Geosciences (Springer) 《计算地球科学》 刊载以数学模拟、仿真模拟、数据分析、形象化、反演等手段研究地球科学的高质量论文。6 Disasters (Wiley Black) 《灾害》刊载研究各种自然灾害(地震、洪水、热带风暴等)的预防政策制定及其实施等方面学术论文、实地研究文章、会议报告和书评。7 Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics (Wiley) 《地震工程与结构动力学》 国际地震工程学会会刊。发表地震工程及其他动力负荷形式的研究文章,涉及地震频度、地面运动、土壤扩展与破坏、动力学分析方法、结构实验性能、震情分析等,兼载书评与会议消息。8 Natural Hazards (Springer) 《自然灾害》刊载自然灾害和技术性灾害的物理问题、灾难事件预测统计学、风险评价、灾害先兆的性质等方面的研究论文、评论、实例分析等,兼及相关的社会与政治问题及学术界动态。9 Natural Hazards Observer (NH Res. & Appl. Info. Center) 《自然灾害观察者》报道地震、洪水等自然灾害的研究、计划与活动。10 Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics. (AGU) 《地球物理学中的非线性过程》主要刊登以下两方面真正有创造性贡献的文章:动力学系统理论和应用非线性方法研究地球物理学基础问题。11Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology (GSW) 《工程地质学与水文地质学季刊》伦敦地质学会(GSL)刊物,刊载地质学在土木工程、采矿及水资源开发等领域的应用论文与评论。2004年影响因子IF:1.8912Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (Springer) 《岩石力学与岩石工程》刊载工程地质学、岩石工程、土壤力学、岩石力学等领域的实验、理论和应用方面的研究论文。我看了一下楼主列出的期刊,里面没有的我就补充了一下,这里给出的是我常用到的,主要是地震学、灾害学、地震工程学方面,大家可以看一看。如果有重复的,可能是我没有看仔细,还请见谅。
我国社会经济不断快速发展,特别是近些年来,土木工程的建设发展十分迅速。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于土木工程大学本科毕业论文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅析土木工程施工中混凝土技术的运用
摘要:混凝土技术是目前国内、外建筑领域工程项目施工建设过程中常用的一种技术手段,同时也是建筑行业快速发展的技术保障。实践中可以看到,混凝土是确保土木工程项目整体施工质量的重要影响因素,混凝土技术水平在很大程度上关系着整个工程项目施工建设质量和应用安全可靠性。因此,在当前的形势下,加强对混凝土技术及其在土木施工过程中的应用问题研究,具有非常重大的现实意义。本文将对土木工程施工建设过程中用到的几种混凝土技术进行分析,并在此基础上提出一些建设性建议,以供参考。
关键词:土木工程施工建设混凝土技术
1土木施工中的混凝土浇筑技术
土木工程项目施工建设过程中,对混凝土质量有标准和要求,土木工程施工建设中用到的混凝土,其强度一般在C20至C40之间,该范围内的土木工程项目施工建设用料(混凝土)选择过程中,还应当根据建筑构造要求、性能等,对混凝土进行合理的配筋作业;比如,针对土木工程项目中的大体积混凝土浇筑比例方法,对钢筋数量适当增加,而且钢筋可承受混凝土浇筑时中的温度应力,可以有效对混凝土裂缝等病害进行控制。土木工程项目施工建设过程中,尤其是混凝土浇筑前,应当对混凝土温度、产生的温度应力等进行全面预算,并且合理确定土木工程施工过程中的温度指标、混凝土温度变化情况。
在此基础上,还要制定温度变化管控措施,并且对土木工程项目施工建设过程中的各种混凝土裂缝病害问题进行预防,以此来确保土木工程项目整体施工质量。土木工程施工过程中,混凝土浇筑施工是一项比较难操作的的工程,主要是因为混凝土的成分是水、砂石,并且还有加入适量的外加剂。在混凝土施工过程在,通常因上述组成材料的比例控制不好,而容易出现施工质量问题。比如,因混凝土灌水量不足,而形成收缩性裂缝,该种情况容易发生在混凝土施工时地基受到限制的情况下。在具体的土木工程施工建设过程中,因内部拉应力比混凝土抗拉强度大,所以可能会产生内部裂缝病害。之所以会出现拉应力超标现象,主要原因在于水分、温度等参数不合理。
比如,温度性病害,主要是因为热胀冷缩,混凝土膨胀、收缩过程中,形成挤压应力、拉伸应力,进而导致混凝土结构内部产生裂缝。基于以上分析可知,混凝土施工过程中,应当把握好混凝土浇筑技术,具体分析如下:第一,全面分层技术。在土木工程施工过程中,混凝土结构施工时常用分层技术进行浇筑,首层浇筑后、初凝前,对第二层进行浇筑,然后以此类推,逐层进行浇筑施工操作,直到最终完成施工任务。同时,利用该技术手段,可以有效确保施工质量,而且建筑结构平面一定要避免过大,施工时从短边依次向长边进行施工操作。第二,分段分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,采用分层技术手段进行浇筑,其强度一般都非常的大,若现场施工机械难以有效满足施工质量要求,则建议采用分段分层技术进行浇筑施工作业。具体操作过程中,应当从底层开始,完成一段距离后,再对第二层进行浇筑,如此往复至浇筑完毕为止。第三,斜面分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,该技术适用于结构相对较长,超过厚度本身大约3倍的工况,将混凝土一次性浇筑到顶,混凝土可形成自然斜面坡1∶3,振捣时应当确保从浇筑层最底端开始施工,然后逐层上移。
2土木施工中的混凝土振捣技术
土木工程施工过程中,振捣是一个非常重要的环节,混凝土自吊斗口下落过程中,自由降落的有效高度应当控制在2米范围之内。实践中,若浇筑高度在3米以上,则需采取有效的保护措施,比如利用溜管、入串桶等。混凝土浇筑过程中,应当本着分段分层、不间断的原则进行施工作业,根据建筑结构的特点、钢筋材料的疏密程度等,合理确定浇筑层的有效高度。通常情况下,浇筑层有效高度为振捣器作用范围的1.25倍时,最大高度也不能超过50厘米。实际振捣施工过程中,若所选用的是插入式振捣器设备,则应当保持快插、慢播。其中,插点的排列一定要均匀,而且依点移动,严格按照设计要求和顺序进行施工作业,不可出现遗漏,确保振实均匀性。在振捣过程中,对移动间距也提出了更高的要求,比如移动间距不能超过振捣半径的1.5倍,一般在30至40厘米之间。在上层振捣过程中,建议插入下层大约5厘米位置,以此来有效避免两层间产生接缝问题。在布设表面振动器移动间距时,每一次移动间距均需确保底板完全覆盖已振捣的区域边缘,在结构衔接位置的混凝土可达到标准密实度要求。
3土木工程施工中的箍筋施工技术
土木工程混凝土施工过程中,各个梁柱节点位置的箍筋施工非常重要,箍筋施工时,钢筋分布比较密集,操作人员需高空作业,尤其是纵横交错处,箍筋绑扎操作难度比较大。在此过程中,若采用的是整体沉梁施工方式,则节点位置的下部箍筋绑扎难度非常的大,甚至会导致梁柱节点位置无法准确放置柱箍筋,产生安全隐患。在具体施工过程中,建议采用两个开口箍筋拼台方式,即在节点位置采用开口箍筋施工技术手段,通过规范箍筋封闭、箍筋末端弯钩构造,可确保箍筋对混凝土核心的有效约束作用。
然而,分层下箍施工方法的实际应用难度非常的大,建议拆除节点处的模板,只有这样才能保证节点箍筋间距、绑扎安全可靠性。梁板模板施工安装完毕后,方可对梁板钢筋进行安装,进而对整体沉梁进行施工作业。从施工效果来看,该种施工方法,钢筋堆放、运输以及绑扎,整体施工非常的安全,交叉工序也比较多。在施工过程中,应当避免支模与绑钢筋不发生冲突,施工效率高。在此过程中,针对节点箍筋少放、难以确保箍筋间距等问题,笔者建议采用以下技术措施进行处理。首先,下料施工时,每个节点位置均应当适当增加纵向短筋;其次,柱节点位置箍筋焊接过程中,在纵向短筋上构建骨架;同时,还要将整体骨架套入柱纵筋,并且将其布设在楼板模板面之上,用穿粱钢筋对其进行牢固绑扎。
4土木工程施工中的混凝土养护技术
混凝土施工技术在国内建筑行业发展过程中的应用非常的广泛,实际操作过程中多采用的是泵送混凝土施工模式。采用泵送混凝土施工技术,可有效缩短施工工期,改善混凝土性能。在土木工程项目施工建设过程中,应当做好原材料购置、配比以及振捣等环节的质量管控,以免混凝土强度不达标。土木工程施工中的混凝土养护过程中,主要的养护技术手段包括以下几个方面的内容。第一,墙板混凝土完成浇筑振捣以后,需带模养护7天以上。拆模以后,挂上两层麻袋将其严密的覆盖好,继续对其进行保温。在此过程中,需洒水养护到两周的时间;第二,顶板混凝土浇捣施工完成、终凝以后,6小时内不能浇水,以免出现起灰、起皮等问题;8至12小时内,用薄膜可将其严密覆盖,而且面层加盖两层麻袋进行保温和养护,确保7天内混凝土足够的湿润。3~4天以后,确认混凝土核心温度高峰期过去,再正常洒水养护至14d(满足UEA防水混凝土养护要求)。
5结语
土木工程施工过程中的混凝土施工技术应用非常的广泛,而且涉及到诸多方面的影响因素,因此实践中应当加强重视和技术创新,只有这样才能确保我国建筑行业的可持续发展。
参考文献:
[1]杨毅,马士良,王涛,等.混凝土温升抑制抗裂技术在镇江西津湾地下停车场工程中的应用[J].混凝土,2015(8):143-145.
[2]张永存,李青宁.薄壁混凝土渡槽结构施工过程中的温度应力分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2015(10).
[3]胡伟华,彭刚,黄仕超,等.基于声发射技术的混凝土动态损伤特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2015(02):123-127.
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土木工程论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲,是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备,是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构,以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我为大家推荐2篇关于土木工程论文提纲的模板,希望大家喜欢!
土木工程论文提纲模板一
摘要 3-5
ABSTRACT 5-7
1 绪论 11-27
1.1 论文研究背景及研究意义 11-14
1.1.1 论文研究背景 11-13
1.1.2 研究意义 13-14
1.2 国内外研究现状 14-24
1.2.1 碎石土散体材料特性研究 14-17
1.2.2 渗流对滑坡稳定性的影响研究 17-23
1.2.3 研究进展评述 23-24
1.3 研究目的和研究内容 24-27
1.3.1 研究目的 24-25
1.3.2 主要研究内容及技术路线 25-27
2 库区重庆碎石土路基渗水破坏类型及特征 27-41
2.1 三峡库水位变化及地质灾害分布 27-29
2.1.1 库水消落区分布及库水调度 27-28
2.1.2 库区重庆地质灾害分布 28-29
2.2 库区重庆区域地貌及地质特征 29-34
2.2.1 库区重庆区域地貌 29-30
2.2.2 重庆库水影响区载地质特征 30-34
2.3 库区重庆公路碎石土灾害类型及诱因分析 34-40
2.3.1 重庆公路概况 34-37
2.3.2 库区重庆公路路基灾害诱因 37
2.3.3 库区重庆公路碎石土路基灾害类型 37-40
2.4 本章小结 40-41
3 路基碎石土物理力学特性及其渗水强度参数研究 41-81
3.1 碎石土材料特性 41-42
3.2 路基碎石土基础参数测试 42-49
3.2.1 路基碎石土颗粒级配 42-43
3.2.2 碎石土试验级配的确定 43-45
3.2.3 碎石土物理参数 45-47
3.2.4 试验结果及分析 47-49
3.3 碎石土压缩模量梯度变化规律 49-54
3.3.1 试验设计 49-52
3.3.2 压缩试验结果及分析 52-54
3.4 碎石土抗剪强度影响因素分析 54-67
3.4.1 试验设计 54-56
3.4.2 P-S 曲线及试验值 56-59
3.4.3 细粒土百分含量对抗剪强度的影响 59-61
3.4.4 细粒土含水量对抗剪强度的影响 61-63
3.4.5 细粒土百分含量及其含水量对 C、φ的影响 63-65
3.4.6 室内试验与现场大剪试验的对比 65-67
3.5 碎石土三轴试验 67-74
3.5.1 试样制作及试验设计 67-68
3.5.2 碎石土三轴 CD 试验曲线 68-72
3.5.3 试验结果及影响因素分析 72-74
3.6 现场静载荷试验 74-77
3.7 库区碎石土参数区域特征 77-78
3.8 本章小结 78-81
4 库区公路碎石土路基流-固耦合分析 81-95
4.1 路基碎石土渗透特性影响因素 81-82
4.2 路基碎石土渗透特性试验分析 82-87
4.2.1 达西渗流定律 82-83
4.2.2 碎石土渗透试验参数 83-87
4.3 公路碎石土路基流-固耦合计算 87-93
4.3.1 碎石土流-固耦合的.计算模型 87-92
4.3.2 碎石土渗流系数的动态函数 92-93
4.4 本章小结 93-95
5 库区公路碎石土路基渗流弱化稳定性分析 95-117
5.1 含水量对路基碎石土力学特性影响分析 95-102
5.1.1 含水量对碎石土力学特性的影响 95-101
5.1.2 库水对碎石土抗剪强度的影响 101-102
5.2 库水位下降碎石土路基浸润线的确定 102-111
5.2.1 潜水非稳定渗流计算模型的建立 102-104
5.2.2 库水位下降时滑体内浸润线的求解 104-106
5.2.3 计算公式的简化求解 106-109
5.2.4 稳定库水斜倾浸润线的计算 109-110
5.2.5 库水位下降倾斜隔水层浸润线的计算 110-111
5.3 库水位影响下的路基弱化计算 111-114
5.4 碎石土路基边坡算例分析 114-116
5.5 本章小结 116-117
6 巫山某公路碎石土滑坡稳定性分析 117-131
6.1 碎石土滑坡区域概况 117-119
6.2 滑坡区区域工程地质 119-121
6.2.1 地层岩性及水文地质条件 119-120
6.2.2 地下水类型及分布 120
6.2.3 地质构造与地震 120-121
6.3 公路碎石土滑坡形成机制 121-123
6.3.1 滑体形态 121-122
6.3.2 滑坡成因 122-123
6.4 滑体物质组成及物理参数 123-125
6.4.1 滑体组成 123
6.4.2 滑体物理参数取值 123-125
6.5 碎石土滑坡稳定性分析 125-130
6.5.1 滑坡渗流数值计算 125-127
6.5.2 碎石土典型渗水滑面稳定性计算 127-130
6.6 本章小结 130-131
7 结论和建议 131-133
7.1 主要结论 131-132
7.2 建议与展望 132-133
致谢 133-135
参考文献 135-145
附录 145
A. 作者在攻读学位期间发表的论文目录 145
B. 作者在攻读学位期间取得的科研成果目录 145
土木工程论文提纲模板二
摘要 3-4
Abstract 4-5
第一章 绪论 8-22
1.1 课题背景 8-10
1.2 材料与构件受荷载和腐蚀环境作用研究 10-17
1.2.1 材料与构件受荷载和腐蚀环境作用研究内容 10
1.2.2 材料与构件受荷载和腐蚀环境作用理论研究 10
1.2.3 材料与构件受荷载和腐蚀环境作用试验研究 10-17
1.3 钢筋混凝土构件疲劳性能研究 17-19
1.3.1 混凝土构件疲劳断裂基础研究 17-18
1.3.2 疲劳损伤累积理论研究 18-19
1.4 钢筋混凝土梁腐蚀疲劳问题研究 19-20
1.4.1 钢筋混凝土梁疲劳腐蚀断裂机理 19
1.4.2 腐蚀和疲劳耦合作用研究意义 19-20
1.5 论文研究工作 20-22
第二章 试验设计 22-33
2.1 引言 22
2.2 试验梁设计和材料试验 22-24
2.2.1 钢筋混凝土试验梁设计 22-23
2.2.2 材料试验 23-24
2.3 试验梁制作 24-26
2.4 试验梁荷载与腐蚀试验设计 26-28
2.4.1 承载力试验 26
2.4.2 恒定荷载和氯盐环境耦合作用试验 26-27
2.4.3 交变荷载和氯盐环境耦合作用试验 27-28
2.5 测点布置和数据采集方法 28-30
2.6 试验梁氯离子浓度测试方法 30-32
2.6.1 混凝土粉末取样方法 30-31
2.6.2 氯离子含量测试 31-32
2.7 本章小结 32-33
第三章 恒定荷载和腐蚀环境耦合作用下混凝土梁试验研究 33-42
3.1 引言 33
3.2 承载力试验 33-37
3.3 恒定荷载和腐蚀环境耦合作用梁性能试验研究 37-41
3.3.1 试验加载过程 37-39
3.3.2 试验梁挠度结果分析 39-41
3.4 本章小结 41-42
第四章 交变荷载和腐蚀环境耦合作用下混凝土梁试验研究 42-64
4.1 引言 42
4.2 试验概述 42-44
4.3 试验结果与分析 44-57
4.3.1 试验过程和破坏形态 44-47
4.3.2 疲劳梁荷载挠度曲线分析 47-52
4.3.3 相同荷载幅值不同环境梁混凝土应变分析 52-54
4.3.4 相同荷载幅值不同环境梁混凝土裂缝分析 54-56
4.3.5 相同荷载幅值不同环境梁固有频率分析 56-57
4.3.6 腐蚀试验梁钢筋锈蚀电位分析 57
4.4 腐蚀环境下混凝土梁氯离子扩散规律分析 57-61
4.4.1 腐蚀疲劳梁氯离子含量 57-59
4.4.2 恒载和交变试验梁氯离子含量对比 59-61
4.5 腐蚀疲劳特征分析 61-62
4.6 本章小结 62-64
第五章 结论与展望 64-66
5.1 引言 64
5.2 基本结论 64-65
5.3 展望 65-66
参考文献 66-69
申请学位期间的研究成果及发表的学术论文 69-70
致谢 70
我国社会经济不断快速发展,特别是近些年来,土木工程的建设发展十分迅速。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于土木工程大学本科毕业论文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅析土木工程施工中混凝土技术的运用
摘要:混凝土技术是目前国内、外建筑领域工程项目施工建设过程中常用的一种技术手段,同时也是建筑行业快速发展的技术保障。实践中可以看到,混凝土是确保土木工程项目整体施工质量的重要影响因素,混凝土技术水平在很大程度上关系着整个工程项目施工建设质量和应用安全可靠性。因此,在当前的形势下,加强对混凝土技术及其在土木施工过程中的应用问题研究,具有非常重大的现实意义。本文将对土木工程施工建设过程中用到的几种混凝土技术进行分析,并在此基础上提出一些建设性建议,以供参考。
关键词:土木工程施工建设混凝土技术
1土木施工中的混凝土浇筑技术
土木工程项目施工建设过程中,对混凝土质量有标准和要求,土木工程施工建设中用到的混凝土,其强度一般在C20至C40之间,该范围内的土木工程项目施工建设用料(混凝土)选择过程中,还应当根据建筑构造要求、性能等,对混凝土进行合理的配筋作业;比如,针对土木工程项目中的大体积混凝土浇筑比例方法,对钢筋数量适当增加,而且钢筋可承受混凝土浇筑时中的温度应力,可以有效对混凝土裂缝等病害进行控制。土木工程项目施工建设过程中,尤其是混凝土浇筑前,应当对混凝土温度、产生的温度应力等进行全面预算,并且合理确定土木工程施工过程中的温度指标、混凝土温度变化情况。
在此基础上,还要制定温度变化管控措施,并且对土木工程项目施工建设过程中的各种混凝土裂缝病害问题进行预防,以此来确保土木工程项目整体施工质量。土木工程施工过程中,混凝土浇筑施工是一项比较难操作的的工程,主要是因为混凝土的成分是水、砂石,并且还有加入适量的外加剂。在混凝土施工过程在,通常因上述组成材料的比例控制不好,而容易出现施工质量问题。比如,因混凝土灌水量不足,而形成收缩性裂缝,该种情况容易发生在混凝土施工时地基受到限制的情况下。在具体的土木工程施工建设过程中,因内部拉应力比混凝土抗拉强度大,所以可能会产生内部裂缝病害。之所以会出现拉应力超标现象,主要原因在于水分、温度等参数不合理。
比如,温度性病害,主要是因为热胀冷缩,混凝土膨胀、收缩过程中,形成挤压应力、拉伸应力,进而导致混凝土结构内部产生裂缝。基于以上分析可知,混凝土施工过程中,应当把握好混凝土浇筑技术,具体分析如下:第一,全面分层技术。在土木工程施工过程中,混凝土结构施工时常用分层技术进行浇筑,首层浇筑后、初凝前,对第二层进行浇筑,然后以此类推,逐层进行浇筑施工操作,直到最终完成施工任务。同时,利用该技术手段,可以有效确保施工质量,而且建筑结构平面一定要避免过大,施工时从短边依次向长边进行施工操作。第二,分段分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,采用分层技术手段进行浇筑,其强度一般都非常的大,若现场施工机械难以有效满足施工质量要求,则建议采用分段分层技术进行浇筑施工作业。具体操作过程中,应当从底层开始,完成一段距离后,再对第二层进行浇筑,如此往复至浇筑完毕为止。第三,斜面分层技术。土木工程施工过程中,该技术适用于结构相对较长,超过厚度本身大约3倍的工况,将混凝土一次性浇筑到顶,混凝土可形成自然斜面坡1∶3,振捣时应当确保从浇筑层最底端开始施工,然后逐层上移。
2土木施工中的混凝土振捣技术
土木工程施工过程中,振捣是一个非常重要的环节,混凝土自吊斗口下落过程中,自由降落的有效高度应当控制在2米范围之内。实践中,若浇筑高度在3米以上,则需采取有效的保护措施,比如利用溜管、入串桶等。混凝土浇筑过程中,应当本着分段分层、不间断的原则进行施工作业,根据建筑结构的特点、钢筋材料的疏密程度等,合理确定浇筑层的有效高度。通常情况下,浇筑层有效高度为振捣器作用范围的1.25倍时,最大高度也不能超过50厘米。实际振捣施工过程中,若所选用的是插入式振捣器设备,则应当保持快插、慢播。其中,插点的排列一定要均匀,而且依点移动,严格按照设计要求和顺序进行施工作业,不可出现遗漏,确保振实均匀性。在振捣过程中,对移动间距也提出了更高的要求,比如移动间距不能超过振捣半径的1.5倍,一般在30至40厘米之间。在上层振捣过程中,建议插入下层大约5厘米位置,以此来有效避免两层间产生接缝问题。在布设表面振动器移动间距时,每一次移动间距均需确保底板完全覆盖已振捣的区域边缘,在结构衔接位置的混凝土可达到标准密实度要求。
3土木工程施工中的箍筋施工技术
土木工程混凝土施工过程中,各个梁柱节点位置的箍筋施工非常重要,箍筋施工时,钢筋分布比较密集,操作人员需高空作业,尤其是纵横交错处,箍筋绑扎操作难度比较大。在此过程中,若采用的是整体沉梁施工方式,则节点位置的下部箍筋绑扎难度非常的大,甚至会导致梁柱节点位置无法准确放置柱箍筋,产生安全隐患。在具体施工过程中,建议采用两个开口箍筋拼台方式,即在节点位置采用开口箍筋施工技术手段,通过规范箍筋封闭、箍筋末端弯钩构造,可确保箍筋对混凝土核心的有效约束作用。
然而,分层下箍施工方法的实际应用难度非常的大,建议拆除节点处的模板,只有这样才能保证节点箍筋间距、绑扎安全可靠性。梁板模板施工安装完毕后,方可对梁板钢筋进行安装,进而对整体沉梁进行施工作业。从施工效果来看,该种施工方法,钢筋堆放、运输以及绑扎,整体施工非常的安全,交叉工序也比较多。在施工过程中,应当避免支模与绑钢筋不发生冲突,施工效率高。在此过程中,针对节点箍筋少放、难以确保箍筋间距等问题,笔者建议采用以下技术措施进行处理。首先,下料施工时,每个节点位置均应当适当增加纵向短筋;其次,柱节点位置箍筋焊接过程中,在纵向短筋上构建骨架;同时,还要将整体骨架套入柱纵筋,并且将其布设在楼板模板面之上,用穿粱钢筋对其进行牢固绑扎。
4土木工程施工中的混凝土养护技术
混凝土施工技术在国内建筑行业发展过程中的应用非常的广泛,实际操作过程中多采用的是泵送混凝土施工模式。采用泵送混凝土施工技术,可有效缩短施工工期,改善混凝土性能。在土木工程项目施工建设过程中,应当做好原材料购置、配比以及振捣等环节的质量管控,以免混凝土强度不达标。土木工程施工中的混凝土养护过程中,主要的养护技术手段包括以下几个方面的内容。第一,墙板混凝土完成浇筑振捣以后,需带模养护7天以上。拆模以后,挂上两层麻袋将其严密的覆盖好,继续对其进行保温。在此过程中,需洒水养护到两周的时间;第二,顶板混凝土浇捣施工完成、终凝以后,6小时内不能浇水,以免出现起灰、起皮等问题;8至12小时内,用薄膜可将其严密覆盖,而且面层加盖两层麻袋进行保温和养护,确保7天内混凝土足够的湿润。3~4天以后,确认混凝土核心温度高峰期过去,再正常洒水养护至14d(满足UEA防水混凝土养护要求)。
5结语
土木工程施工过程中的混凝土施工技术应用非常的广泛,而且涉及到诸多方面的影响因素,因此实践中应当加强重视和技术创新,只有这样才能确保我国建筑行业的可持续发展。
参考文献:
[1]杨毅,马士良,王涛,等.混凝土温升抑制抗裂技术在镇江西津湾地下停车场工程中的应用[J].混凝土,2015(8):143-145.
[2]张永存,李青宁.薄壁混凝土渡槽结构施工过程中的温度应力分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2015(10).
[3]胡伟华,彭刚,黄仕超,等.基于声发射技术的混凝土动态损伤特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2015(02):123-127.
>>>下页带来更多的土木工程大学本科毕业论文
随着国民经济的快速发展,土木工程对整个经济发展和建筑行业有着至关重要的作用.下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于土木工程本科的毕业论文范文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅论土木工程建筑结构设计
摘要:土木工程结构设计是一个全面的建筑体系设计工作,需要通过扎实的理论基础,之后加入灵活的创新思维,以严谨认真的工作态度完成整个设计过程。土木工程设计过程中要保证设计的合理性、安全性。根据平时工作中的设计、建设经验来完成整个设计过程。我国目前的土木工程建筑结构设计在设计策略和设计安全性考量上还存在着一定的问题。本文根据现阶段存在的问题提出具有针对性的意见,使土木工程设计在合理性和安全性上更好的适应我国现代化发展的需求。
关键词:土木工程;结构设计;安全性
1土木工程结构设计概述
土木工程的结构设计在设计过程上大致可以划分为三个阶段,即结构方案阶段、结构测算阶段、施工图设计阶段。在结构方案阶段中,主要是根据要施工的地区的地质勘测报告设计相应的工程公安,包括抗震防裂程度、工程高度、工程结构形式等等。当工程设计方案相对确认下来狗,就根据方案的具体要求进行下一步的布置和测算工作。在结构测算过程中,主要是对工程负载的情况进行计算。包括外部负载和内部负载的计算。负载的计算主要根据负载的要求确定相应工程配件的使用,根据组合值系数和标准值系数的测定来确定施工参数,构造施工措施要求。对于内力的测算,来完成构件截面参数的确定。内力的测算要根据构件截面、负载值确定。这包括弯矩、剪力、扭矩等等。
最后,根据构建的计算、要根据之前确定的内力计算的要求,保证测算构件是否达到了相关要求。这时也可针对需求对构件截面参数加以调整。在施工图设计阶段,就是根据前两步的结构方案设计阶段、结构测算阶段,进行施工图的设计。在此过程中要将设计者的要求和设计意图通过图纸表达出来,施工图是施工的依据,施工图中要包括建设项目各部分工程的详图以及零件使用、、结构部件明细表、验收标准方法等。民用的工程施工图应具备设计图纸、包括图纸目录必要的设备、材料表、工程预算书。施工图设计文件,应满足设备材料采购,非标准设备制作和施工的需要。
2土木工程结构设计中存在的问题
土木工程结构设计中存在的问题主要集中在两个方面、一方面是专业角度的问题、另一方面是安全角度的问题,下面将分别从这两个方面进行阐述。从专业角度来说在土木工程设计中,箱、筏基础底板挑板的设计过程、梁、板的跨度计算、摩擦角区域的处理、抗震缝距离的设计、基础板厚度的确定都需要进行测算考量。
对于箱、筏基础底板挑板的设计,首先要假设出挑板可以将边跨底板钢筋进行调整,出挑板后,能降低基底附加应力,当基础形式处在天然地基和其他人工地基的坎上时,加挑板就可能采用天然地基。从土木工程建设角度来说,如果取消挑板,能够方便柔性防水的处理,在建设多层建筑时,结构设计中可兼顾到下层建筑。梁、板的跨度计算中,梁、板的跨度计算计算跨度,又叫计算长度,应当根据计算时要求、构件的组成形式、支承端约束刚度、支承反力等因素综合考虑,摩擦角区域的处理,内摩擦角,是土的抗剪强度指标,是工程设计的重要参数。
基层开挖时,会应用到摩擦角区域处理的问题,如果魔草叫区域中边基地的土会受到影响较小,不会反弹。但中心部位,基土反弹情况较为明显,回弹部分需要人工进行清除。抗震缝距离的设计中,主要通过增加抗震缝的距离来对地震时产生的结构碰撞的风险降低。基础板厚度的确定要根据房间设计的不同大小来选定相应的基础板厚度。如果基础板的厚度都按照大房间的标准进行设计、势必会造成浪费。如果都按照小房间的标准进行设计则会造成安全问题。所以实际的应用中,通常是在大房间中垫聚苯,小房间设定基础板的厚度。
从安全角度来说,目前土木工程设计中存在的问题有:(1)工程设计规范的安全水平比较低,与国际同类作业相比,由于没有设定规范的视屏问题,会造成工程施工的进行难度的加大,最终导致了施工质量较低;(2)工程设计规范的整体牢固性差;(3)土建结构工程的耐久安全性差、正确使用与维护意识相对较差。
3加强土木工程建设的建议和对策
从具体而言可以从两方面进行考虑:从设计的安全性上,应从管理首要保证设计的安全性,尽量选择资质等级较高、管理先进、实力雄厚的设计单位进行设计、这样就可以掌握先进的设计方法和设计理念,设计设备也会较好、设计人员的素质和专业能力强、设计经验丰富,设计出的建筑安全性较高。再设计时也要加强理论学习,使设计人员和施工人员对于设计理论和设计标准能够很好的掌握。对于设计过程中,涉及到工程造价、工程量的统计、计算、所以在此类工程量计算过程中,要严谨、认真,对于每一笔数据都要认真核对。设计图纸要详细,以便施工者能够根据设计图纸准确掌握设计意图,从而进行施工,这样能够降低因图纸问题造成的施工不明确的现象,避免了事故的产生。
在施工过程中,要注意过程监管,设计单位与施工单位要保持联系,对于设计图纸中不明确的问题,要进行及时的沟通和设计核对,以便发现错误。设计人员对于施工人员提出的建议,要给予足够的重视。从土木工程行业标准角度来说,要根据全面性因素来对土木工程结构设计的方案进行评估。因为土木工程的方案是工程实施的基础,对设计方案的评估要满足安全性、经济型合理性。等等。可通过对设计方案屏蔽、论证的方法,提高设计的水平。设计过程中,不一味的追求标准图,虽然采用标准图能够减轻工作量,加快设计进度,但为了保证设计的安全性,设计人员应该认真的对设计方案进行审核,对于可能存在压缩费用的过程进行仔细的成本核算,在保证基础、满足行业标准的前提下,保证设计的合理性、高效性、创新性。
4总结
本文首先对土木工程设计的基本情况进行了概要阐述,根据工程设计的几个阶段展示了土木工程的工作范围和工作要求。之后提出了现阶段我国土木工程设计中还存在的问题,从具体设计过程和安全性两个角度提出了相关的问题。最后在此基础上,根据存在的具体问题对土木工程的建设提出了建议和相应的对策。本文的研究对我国土木工程结构设计的发展提供了一种新的思路。
参考文献:
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[2]张林.土建结构工程的安全性与耐久性[J].高新技术,2006.
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