传感器论文中英文翻译免费

传感器论文中英文翻译免费

中，英己送出
A transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to another. The conversion can be to/from electrical, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, photovoltaic, or any other form of energy. While the term transducer commonly implies use as a sensor/detector, any device which converts energy can be considered a transducer.

Transducers are electric or electronic devices that transform energy from one manifestation into another. Most people, when they think of transducers, think specifically of devices that perform this transformation in order to gather or transfer information, but really, anything that converts energy can be considered a transducer.

Transducers that detect or transmit information include common items such as microphones, Geiger meters, potentiometers, pressure sensors, thermometers, and antennae. A microphone, for example, converts sound waves that strike its diaphragm into an analogous electrical signal that can be transmitted over wires. A pressure sensor turns the physical force being exerted on the sensing apparatus into an analog reading that can be easily represented. While many people think of transducers as being some sort of technical device, once you start looking for them, you will find transducers everywhere in your everyday life.
Most transducers have an inverse that allows for the energy to be returned to its original form. Audio cassettes, for example, are created by using a transducer to turn the electrical signal from the microphone pick-up – which in turn went through a transducer to convert the sound waves into electrical signal – into magnetic fluctuations on the tape head. These magnetic fluctuations are then read and converted by another transducer – in this case a stereo system – to be turned back into an electrical signal, which is then fed by wire to speakers, which act as yet another transducer to turn the electrical signal back into audio waves
Other transducers turn one type of energy into another form, not for the purpose of measuring something in the external environment or to communicate information, but rather to make use of that energy in a more productive manner. A light bulb, for example, one of the many transducers around us in our day-to-day lives, converts electrical energy into visible light. Electric motors are another common form of electromechanical transducer, converting electrical energy into kinetic energy to perform a mechanical task. The inverse of an electric motor – a generator – is also a transducer, turning kinetic energy into electrical energy that can then be used by other devices.
As in all energy conversions, some energy is lost when transducers operate. The efficiency of a transducer is found by comparing the total energy put into it to the total energy coming out of the system. Some transducers are very efficient, while others are extraordinarily inefficient. A radio antenna, for example, acts as a transducer to turn radio frequency power into an electromagnetic field; when operating well, this process is upwards of 80% efficient. Most electrical motors, by contrast, are well under 50% efficient, and a common light bulb, because of the amount of energy lost as heat, is less than 10% efficient.

What is the Difference Between Transducers and Sensors

Transducers are machines used to change one type of energy into another. They can often be found as a component of more complex devices. Sensors are explicitly intended to measure and express levels of measurement. Quite often, sensors are composed of transducers; therefore, one can see how easy it can be to confuse the two.

Generally, transducers come in basic varieties of which there are almost endless applications. The first variety is contact transducers. This type is categorized by a single point of contact used to detect energy. There is generally a coupling material, such as water or oil, employed in order to prevent distortion between the source of energy and the point of detection.

Many sensors utilize contact transducers in order to detect energy levels and convert that into an electrical energy which would then influence a display meter. One type of contact transducer that was almost ubiquitous in the late 1980s and early 1990s were tape heads. These were found in any cassette player, touching the magnetic tape and reading the magnetic information that was on it. This information was then converted to an electric signal that was carried by wire to speakers or headphones and then converted back into sound waves.
The second most common type of transducers is the immersion type. These are intended to work in liquid environments. This type is effective at measuring sound, pressure, or other forms of mechanical energy. Paintbrush transducers are used like immersion types are, but they work in open environments and have highly sensitive crystals to detect even the faintest levels of energy. Antennae for radio waves are paintbrush types as they collect the broadcast radio waves and convert them into electrical energy that is converted back into sound by a radio’s speakers.
Vibration Transducer Current Transducer Capacitive Transducers MEMS Sensors

求一篇关于传感器的论文，汉语及对应的英语翻译翻译成汉语2000字左右

Ultrasound applications mainly in the following aspects:

1. The ultrasonic inspection. Ultrasonic wavelength than generally sound waves to be short, with better directional, through opaque and substance, this one character has been widely used in ultrasonic inspection, thickness, ranging, remote control and ultrasonic imaging technology. Ultrasonic imaging is using ultrasonic appear not transparent objects of internal image technology. The ultrasonic transducer issued from the acoustic lens focused on not transparent samples from sample passes, the ultrasonic carried was as parts of the information (such as acoustic reflection, the ability of absorption and scattering), the sound lens gathering in signal receiver, gains piezoelectric using scanning system, input amplifier can turn opaque sample image display on the screen. The device is called the ultrasound microscope. Ultrasonic imaging techniques have already in medical checks and widely used in manufacturing in microelectronics devices to check for large scale integrated circuit in materials science used to display different components in areas of alloy and grain boundary between etc. ShengQuanXi art is using ultrasonic interferometric principle records and recreate opaque objects of the stereo image sound imaging technology, its principle and light wave holography basic same, just record means different ways (see holography). Use the same ultrasonic signal in the incentive two placed respectively, their liquid transducer launch two beams of ultrasonic: a bunch of coherent through by the research objects, the other thing wave after becoming a bunch of reference wave. Content wave and reference waves in liquid form on ShengQuanXi figure, coherent superposition with laser beam irradiation ShengQuanXi diagram, using laser in ShengQuanXi figure reflection on the diffraction effects produced when repetition won things like, usually with cameras and TV make real-time observation.

2. Ultrasound treatment. The role of the mechanical, ultrasonic cavitation effect, heating and chemical effect, can undertake ultrasonic welding, drilling, solid crushing, emulsion, degassing, dusting, to scale and cleaning, sterilization pot, promoting chemical reaction and biology etc, in GongKuangYe, agriculture, health care each department to get extensively.

3. Basic research. Ultrasonic role in medium, in a medium after producing acoustic relaxation process, acoustic relaxation process with energy in molecular their electricity degrees, the conveyance process between macro affections and sound absorption (see sound waves). The absorption of the ultrasonic by physical laws can be exploring physical properties and structure, the research of this aspect constitute the acoustic branch molecular acoustics. Ordinary acoustic wave long-term than solid atoms in the spacing, in these conditions can be as solid continuum. But for frequency in 1012 Hector above's ultrasonic, the wavelengths of the atoms can be compared with solid, then it should be to distance the solid as a space periodic lattice structure. Lattice vibration energy is quanta, called phonons (see solid physics). The role of solid, ultrasound, boils down to ultrasound and heat phonon, electrons and photons and various quasi-particle interaction. The german-born ultrasound of solid produced, testing and spread rule, and quantum liquid - liquid helium acoustic phenomena in the study of modern acoustic new areas --

急求有关传感器的外文文献翻译，包括英文全文和中文翻译

节能机制无线传感器网络

Bonuccelli毛主管:

论文commettee:保罗·Ferraggina,皮耶罗Maestrini

外部裁判Basagni,摩尼Srivastava:斯蒂法诺

国家commettee:Bugliesi,Panzieri,Meo

2005年12月27日起,

文摘

本文解决这个问题降低能耗的无线传感器网络。我们提出一套技术和

进口策略研究领域,可以应用于设计节能协议传感器网络。他们包括

时间序列预测,quorums系统的传感器性能和相互作用的协议设计的。我们运用这些技术能有效时间同步问题,从传感器网络数据收集,并确保较强的数据一致性保证在移动网络。

我们表现出[1、2、3、4]时间序列预测技术,特别是AR模型,可适用于传感器网络,以节省能源。我们学习一个简单的类型的时间序列模型的构建与短预测的窗口。我们已经选择了这个模式,它很能干

预测的数据得到了真实世界的传感器测量的物理现象,它非常容易加工的在modern-generation传感器网络。我们运用这些模式,解决两个有关问题进行传感器网络:问题能有效地收集传感器的数据在水槽,和时间同步的问题。

提出了一种节能框架,叫爱相似-通过适应性强的查询框架[1,2]),为近似查询及检测孤立点价值在传感器网络。这个想法是基于“增大化现实”技术结合当地建立在每个节点模型成为一个全球性的模型存储的根源,网络

(库),用来大约回答用户的查询。我们的方法使用显著比以前更少的传输采用基于“增大化现实”技术近似方法模型和组织网络集群基于数据之间的相似节点。数据定义基于相似系数模型的地方基于“增大化现实”技术,在水槽储存在技术,降低了能耗直接比较数据值,让我们可以得到有效的聚类算法大概是最佳的,总分组数所形成的网络。我们的集群建设有几个有趣的特点,使适宜也针对移动网络:首先,他们可以捕捉相似性地理相邻节点;二、聚类成员,不需要额外消耗适应节点;三、集群内不需要跟踪加入其他节点在产业集群。此外,大概正确的误差界爱提供并允许用户动态调整回答质量解答疑问在能源和资源有效地进行。

此外,我们运用AR模型来解决时间同步问题的一种新的视角生物系的互补时钟同步问题[3,4]。更确切地说,我们分析的案例传感节点决定跳过一个或多个时钟调整,达到节能效果,或是暂时孤立的,但仍需要一个精确计算时间。提出了一种基于大概正确的时钟返回一个模型,是基于“增大化现实”技术一时间估计在一个常数(可调误差概率约束和问题。该方法是高度适应性强,并允许传感器来决定有多少

时钟调整它可以跳过同时保持精度,从而节约能源。此外,我们提出一套确定方法,降低了时间估计误差由至少一个因素2。更确切地说,我们提出大概正确的确定性时钟读数方法,叫做DCR方法,利用相关信息时钟偏差的标志,可应用于减少一半时钟周期的频率调整,同时还保持了同样的错误一定[3,4]。

该方法的实践和理论两个方面的兴趣。事实上,它导致了一个明显的节能,并详细地说明了较强的现实时钟模型可以导致精化的最优开往最大偏差时钟的定时同步。此外,我们还提出了一种广义版本的DCR方法,以提高其精度取决于稳定的时钟,一个方法的单调性,保证了生产的时间值。

第一次我们分析系统技术背景法定传感器网络:我们改造,并向自己的利益能耗方面[6]。法定人数系统有潜力在节约能源方面传感器网络,因为他们可以减少的数量明显的沟通,提高传感器节点之间的负载平衡,提高系统的可扩充性。然而,以前的法定人数系统和法定人数的度量标准,有线网络提出了,不适合传感器网络,因为他们并没有解决它们的性能特点和局限性。这些观察推动了我们重新设计的法定人数系统及相应的度量标准,考虑到限制和特点的感测器(例如,传输成本,有限的能量

源、物理的无线电广播),网络拓扑结构。更确切地说,我们重新定义下列法定度量标准:负载均衡、访问成本和法定人数能力,并设计策略的一些特点的基础上,对传感器网络的沟通量减少的人数系统设计时传感器网络。我们运用这些策略设计一个家庭的人数系统节能高弹性。特别是,我们提出一种法定人数减少建设成本,提出了一个访问数据扩散协议建立在节能上面减少能源消费的传输,缩短了碰撞产生的。

此外,我们分析的情况下的人数系统高节点移动性。更确切地说,我们学习困难的问题保证在两个quorums十字路口时不断移动路径沿着未知节点[7]。我们解决这个问题,并定义了一小说,提供流动性模型最低约束集推导出足够强劲的经济数据保证在高机动性的网络。在这种情况下,我们会告诉名校以前的法定人数系统,并提供一个条件是必要的,以保证数据的可用性和原子一致性在高节点移动性。我们还提出了一种新的班

法定人数的系统,被叫做移动传播(苦咸水淡化,适合于高度quorums移动网络,提出了一种最优建设法定人数方面,大小(例如,通信传输)[7]。然后,我们运用总经理法定人数体系,实行大概正确的原子读/写共享内存移动、稀疏的网络。

书目

[1],国立台湾Tulone·d·马登上尉。PAQ:时间序列预测为近似查询回答

在传感器网络。在第三Proc.欧洲研讨会,第1 - 11页。无线传感器网络21-37 2006年2月。

[2],国立台湾Tulone·d·马登上尉。查询框架了节能检测传感器网络中节点相似之处。

提交会议。

[3]·d·Tulone。全球的可行性评价隔离条件下的无线传感器网络。

出现在Algorithmica。

[4]·d·Tulone。节约型时间估计的无线传感器网络。在Proc.的第四届车间的原则下,第1 - 11页。52-59移动计算,2004年10月。

Tulone >[5]。如何能有效率及准确地得到参考时间之间的过程吗?国际。Symp.分布式计算,10月

2003年。简短的声明。25-32页。

[6]D。Demaine Tulone > >。重新设计的法定人数系统的无线传感器网络。提交会议。

Tulone >[7]。是否有可能确保强劲的经济数据保证在高机动性的网有关吗?提交会议。

传感器中英文翻译

时间有限，简单翻译下，希望能帮到你。

Air flow sensor, the vane air flow sensor, vortex air flow sensor, air flow sensor Hotline, hot-film air flow sensors, the volume of core air flow sensor, inlet air pressure sensors, atmospheric pressure sensor, brake master cylinder oil pressure sensor, pressure sensor with pressure, crankshaft position sensor, throttle position sensor, photoelectric sensor car high, corner sensors, liquid level sensors, the location of the overflow ring sensor, thermistor temperature sensor, paraffin gas temperature sensor, dual-metal gas temperature sensor, thermistor hypoxic body temperature sensor, engine speed sensors, speed sensors, wheel speed sensors, reducing the speed sensor, knock sensors, collision sensors, oxygen sensors, thin mixing ratio sensor, full range of air-fuel ratio sensor, the concentration of smoke sensors, diesel smoke sensors, humidity sensors, sunshine intensity sensors, photoelectric light sensors, current detection sensors, rain sensors, friction brake shoe wear sensor chip, NOx sensors, auto navigation sensor

传感器的知识这个网站有一些，楼主有兴趣可以去了解下：

有关传感器的外文资料及翻译

中文名称：传感器 英文名称：sensor;measuring element;transducer 定义1：能感受规定的被测量并按照一定的规律转换成可用输出信号的器件或装置。 应用学科：机械工程（一级学科）；传感器（二级学科）；传感器一般名词（三级学科） 定义2：接受物理或化学变量(输入变量)形式的信息，并按一定规律将其转换成同种或别种性质的输出信号的装置。 应用学科：煤炭科技（一级学科）；矿山电气工程（二级学科）；煤矿监测与控制（三级学科）
传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物理条件（如光、热、湿度）或化学组成（如烟雾），并将探知的信息传递给其他装置或器官。......