关于过度城市化的论文

关于过度城市化的论文

雅思写作的提高不仅需要自己勤加练习，还要多读多看，以下是我给大家整理的雅思写作 范文 及素材：城市化。希望对大家的雅思写作备考有所帮助

雅思写作大 作文 高分范文城市化的影响

Question

These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are leaving rural areas to live in the city.

Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation ( migration from the country to the city) and suggest some ways in which this trend could be reversed?

Key words analysis

? rural areas: 郊区, 它的相对词是urban areas

? depopulation: 减少居民，后面括号内的内容是岁这个词的解释

? trend: 趋势，和tide, current同义

? reverse: 使倒转

Argument:

? 这是属于 议论文 中的problem的类型，通常会在要求学生表达对这个问题的看法和给出一些解决方案。

Possible effects :

? 过于拥挤的城市易影响城市的舒适度

? 过于拥挤的城市可能会导致失业率升高

Possible solutions:

? 政府进行商业性的引导

? 加强农村基础建设，提升生活便利性

Model Essay 1 – Part 1

Introduction

Rural depopulation is a very important issue in many parts of the world today. In this essay, I will discuss some of the main effects of this problem and also offer some possible solutions to it.

Main body 1

Firstly, it is clear that migration away from the country negatively affects life in the city. Serious environmental and social problems often occur when cities become overcrowded. Problems such as air, water and noise pollution are now increasingly common in urban areas around the world because there are simply too many people living there. Pollution can make city life very uncomfortable indeed and can even cause illness. Beijing is a very good example of this. Overcrowding in cities can also lead to high unemployment (especially in poorer parts of the world) and crime.

Model Essay 1 – Part 2

Main body 2

In order to prevent people from moving away from the country and reduce the size of cities, I feel we must make country life more attractive. In my view, the best way of doing this would be to improve services in the country. One of the main reasons that so many people have left the country is that facilities like shopping centres, cinemas, swimming pools, restaurants, libraries, schools and hospitals are generally better in the city. If such facilities were available in the country, more people would choose to live there. Another effective solution would be for the government to subsidies businesses and workers who move to the country.

Conclusion

n conclusion, I believe we must all recognise how serious this problem is. For the sake of the environment and our own quality of life it is vital that we preserve rural communities.

雅思考试大作文范文:过度城市化的原因和结果

雅思大作文题目：

Since cities have changed a lot, the size ofthe cities has grown enormously. Discuss thecauses and consequence of the enormous sizeof cities.

雅思大作文范文：

Nowadays, the maps of cities are updatedfrequently. With the development of city, more andmore suburbs become parts of the city. When thecities in the world are amplifying constantly, peoplediscuss the topic hotly, the causes andconsequence of the enormous cities. Different people have different answers by theirrespective views.

In my opinion, the evolution of society and the development of economy result in thegrowth of the vast size of cities. Since the number of population in every city is increasingcontinually, people need a large amount of space to live in. With the progress of the technology,the output of crops rises sharply. Fewer and fewer farmers are required, as a result, more andmore villages urbanize. The growth of the cities brings us many huge changes.

There are more job opportunities in the cities. For instance, China will hold the OlympicGames in Beijing in 2008. The government is amplifying the size of Beijing to build new gyms inorder to hold it excellently. Obviously, people in the cities could gain a lot of new jobs.

Of course, the enormous size of cities also has bad effects. Pollution is becoming more andmore serious all over the world with the amplification of the cities. For example, thepoisonous gas sent off by factories and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people tobreathe. Water waste keeps pouring into rivers and lakes; as a result, many water species aredying out. Furthermore, more people the city have, more rubbish we can find.

In a word, since each coin has two sides, we should be acquainted clearly with the reasonswhy the size of the cities has grown enormously and what it will bring us. Thus, we could makefull use of the positive effects and overcome the negative effects.

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城市建设带来的问题

题目

The world has many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries that are suitable and livable for people in those times. What problems will this cause today and what can be done to solve these problems?

题型：问题解决

翻译：世界上有许多几个世纪前建造的城镇，适合那时代的人们居住。这会导致今天出现什么问题以及如何解决这些问题呢?

写作结构

开头段：背景引入+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题

主体段 2：可以采取的 措施

结尾段： 总结 概括

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“如今全球化和现代化超过了城镇建设，并带来一些问题”，政府需要采取措施解决它们。

背景句：Globalization and modernization nowadays have considerably outpaced the construction of new cities，which has brought some adverse impacts on people’s life.

话题介绍：Under pressure, the government needs to identify them to reduce complaints from citizens.

主体段 1

商业开发为一些城市的城市化带来了一些问题，如交通堵塞，住房紧张等。

主题句：Commercial development gives a facility to urbanization in some cities where the basic infrastructure does not match the needs of enormous flow of dwellers.

平行列举 1：In some cases, the shortage of transportation means that the road would be blocked by vehicles especially during rush hours. This low efficient traffic can have negative implications on business to some extent.

平行列举 2：Apart from stagnated traffic, there are accommodation issues to be considered. This is because the advances of economy surely require large numbers of migrants. If single-storey constructions without necessary facilities including heating, sewage system and even electricity supply take a dominating place in city, it would be difficult for those workers to dwell comfortably.

主体段 2

为解决上述问题，政府可以采取一些措施。如建设高架桥和地下交通系统减轻道路交通;说服房地产公司建造更多功能性的区域来甘山城市面貌。

主题句：To solve the problems identified above, the most influential factor may be the government who is responsible for modifying the old cities.

平行列举：Perhaps viaducts are needed to accommodate more vehicles and underground traffic systems such as railways or underpass tunnels can serve to ease road traffic dramatically. Persuading estate companies to construct more functional concrete jungles would probably be an effective strategy to mitigate the terrible living or working conditions. It would also help to improve the overlook of city if some districts are demolished for central business areas, public parks or statues.

结尾段

总结概括 文章 内容。

Overall, the governors play a vital role in city development, and tax payers should have the awareness of maintaining their new cities.

重点表达

impact on... 对...产生影响

to some extent 在某种程度上

it will/would be difficult for sb to do sth 对某人来讲做某事是有困难的

serve to 服务于

play a vital role in 在某方面发挥巨大作用

雅思大作文范文解析-如何解决城乡差异大的问题

题目

Some people think a rise in standard of living in a country only seems to benefit cities more than rural areas. What problems may those differences cause? How to solve those problems?

题型：问题解决

翻译：有些人认为，提高一个国家的生活水平似乎给城市带来的好处比农村更大。这些差异会造成什么问题?如何解决这些问题?

写作结构

开头段：引入背景+话题介绍

主体段 1：可能造成的问题之一

主体段 2：可能造成的问题之二

结尾段：可采取的措施

范文解析

开头段

交代背景“一个国家的工业化和城市化大大提高了公民的生活水平。然而，许多人断言发展的成就城市超过农村，并产生了许多问题”，表示“应采取措施解决问题”。

背景句：The industrialization and urbanization of a country have massively improved the living standard of its citizens. However, many people assert that the developmental achievements have benefited cities much more than rural areas and a series of problems have arisen.

话题介绍：This essay will discuss the problems and then offer feasible solutions to cope with the situation.

主体段 1

高度发达的大都市区占据了多数的优质资源，提供了大量的就业和商业机会，导致大量年轻农村居民涌入城市寻求机会，直接导致欠发达地区的劳动力和资金严重短缺。

主题句：The imbalance of economic and social progress between rural and urban areas is starkly visible and have triggered a number of problems.

平行列举：First, the highly developed metropolitan areas have occupied the quality resources of education, medical service, finance, commerce and entertainment, providing numerous opportunities in employment and business. As a result, a large number of young rural dwellers crowd into the city to pursue education, hunt jobs and make investments, directly leading to the severe shortage of available labour force and capital in the underdeveloped places. The loss in population and finance would inevitably worsen the overall economic development in rural districts.

主体段 2

由于农村和城市居民的受 教育 程度、职业和收入不同，可能导致农村居民进城务工的时候收到歧视。

主题句：The second problem resides in the aftermath of rural-urban migration.

平行列举：As a multicultural destination, the city holds a huge population with diverse backgrounds in terms of education, profession, income, social class, and even accent. Individuals from underdeveloped places tend to have less professional competence and personal wealth, due to the lack of educational and commercial resources in rural areas. Such discrepancy might trigger discrimination towards the rural residents who struggle their way through the urban jungle. What's worse, the widening wealth gap might even force the poorer ones to commit crimes to obtain more material possession.

结尾段

可采取措施解决发展不平衡的问题，如政府应该帮助农村居民利用当地资源发展旅游和商业贸易产业;在农村地区的教育系统中投入更多的劳动力和资金;还需要立法和监管来打击与歧视和暴力有关的行为。

Several solutions could be taken into account to improve the situation. The government should help rural residents exploiting local resources, such as natural landscape and specialty products, to develop industries in tourism and commercial trade. Once the industries are on the rise, job opportunities would be generated, along with a growing business revenue and average income. In addition, more workforce and fund should be invested into the education system in rural areas. If rural dwellers could obtain a specific skill or a certain academic qualification, they would be more professionally competent and employable. Furthermore, legislation and regulation are also required to fight against conduct related to discrimination and violence.

重点表达

living standard 生活水平

a series of 一系列

cope with 处理，解决

labour force 劳动力

simon雅思写作观点总结之城市化

Simon 写作观点集：Cities 城市化

s for Urbanization 城市化的原因

People move to cities in search of job opportunities

Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living

People migrate to cities from the countryside

Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays

ves of City Life 城市生活的缺点

Life in cities has its drawbacks

The cost of living is higher than in rural areas

Some people d not manage to find work

Housing is usually much more expensive

Homelessness and poverty are common on cities

There is a gap between rich and poor

Life in cities can be extremely stressful

There are problems like traffic congestion and crime

Cities lack a sense of community

People do not even know their neighbor

Cities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”.

rian Areas 人行道

Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environment

Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle

Many European cities have built bicycle lanes

Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity

People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier

Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists

谁能发我一篇有关城镇化的论文，5000字以上，不要网上下的，要自己写的~~~急要~~~在线等~~~

中国必须走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城市化道路
我国城市化进程加速是个不可逆转的趋势，但却有着许多发展中国家没有的困难与阻力，根据1999年联合国的世界经济发展报告，在21世纪，中国将面临“人口、就业、资源、环境上的四大挑战”。那么我们能否正确地处理中国人口的增长问题，使之成为重要的生产力；能否以经济、产业和技术上的革命，为国民提供更多的就业和发展机会；能否利用相对贫乏的资源，创造性地使社会消费和生产达到中等收入国家水平，并保障经济环境在持续发展中处于优化状态，均有赖于城市化道路的正确选择。在城市化道路的选择问题上，目前仍存在严重分歧，有的主张重点发展小城镇，有的主张重点发展大城市及城市群，有的则主张重点发展中小城市。这些观点都有一定的合理性，但又有其局限性，其实城市化道路的选择应建立在客观分析的基础上，要遵循城市化发展的规律，立足我国国情，借鉴他国城市化的经验，总结我国以往城市化道路的教训。那么，我们应走什么样的城市化道路呢？党的十六大明确提出，我们应走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城市化道路。
（一）走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展之路是城市化客观规律的必然要求
城市化的客观规律告诉我们，大中小城市和小城镇在城市化进程中发挥着不同作用，都是不可或缺的，在功能上也是互补的，其规模结构是由内在规律决定的，也是市场选择的结果。我们不能强调一个方面而偏离另一个方面。
就大城市（包括50万—100万人口的大城市，100万—200万人口的特大城市和200万人口以上的超大城市）而言，大城市发挥着经济发展和城市化的“领头羊”作用。因为它具有中小城市和小城镇不可比拟的聚集效应、规模效应、扩散和辐射效应，可以带动周边中小城市和地区的迅速发展，而且是一个国家和地区竞争力的体现。无论是工业化起步最早的英国，还是后起的美国、日本、韩国等，其大城市在经济发展和城市化进程中都起着决定性的作用。目前，百万以上城市人口占全国人口的比重（即人口超过100万的城市集中度），2000年美国是39%，德国是41.8%，英国是23%，日本是37.5%，韩国是52%，而世界平均水平是16.5%，中等收入国家为22%，高收入国家为30%，都大大高于我国11.3%的水平。大城市不仅是城市化的主力，而且还是经济发展的主力，如美国3/4的制造业和服务业聚集在大都市市区。日本80%的经济总量集中在3大都市圈；伦敦占了英国对外贸易货运量的75%；纽约占了全国对外贸易周转额的20%；东京拥有80%的出版社和86%的出版量，纽约和伦敦的文化氛围是世界上其他城市中难以比拟的。大城市的人口聚集、产业聚集，使得大城市在经济增长中起着龙头作用，如日本东京的GDP占全国比重为18.6%，伦敦占17%，汉城占4.6%。大城市发展速度快于中小城镇，这是世界各国城市化的普遍规律。在上世纪50年代300万—500万以上的城市地球上有6个，到90年代初已有30个。改革开放20多年来，就人口的可比增长速度而言，大城市的发展也是快于中小城市。正视大城市的作用及其大城市超先增长规律，我们推进城市化就不能抑制大城市的发展。只要大城市的经济发展是必然的，在城市经济增长不可能完全依靠内涵实现的情况下，体现城市规模的人口增加和建成区面积扩大就是难以避免的。上海的浦东开放开发，北京从二环到六环的建设，济南、长沙、杭州等省会城市的一再扩容，正说明控制大城市规模是多么不现实。
在城镇体系中，我们既要发挥大城市的龙头作用，同时还要发展若干各具特色、专业化强的50万人口以下的中小城市。我国中小城市多数是制造业的基地。在本世纪中叶，中国有望成为世界制造业中心，中小城市将功不可没。
而小城镇的发展也是必须的。小城镇处于城之尾乡之头，易于就近吸纳农民进城。它是农村政治、经济、文化中心，对于促进农民生产方式、生活方式的现代化、农业产业化，传播社会主义精神文明发挥着重要作用。小城镇的发展也符合城市梯度成长规律。自发形成的城市都是从小城镇发展到小城市，小城市发展到中等城市，中等城市又发展到大城市，所以，推进城市化离不了小城镇的发展。
综上所述，推进城市化，中国需要建设一批具有国际竞争力的超大城市，特大城市和大城市，同时需要建设一批富有特点的、专业性强的中小城市以及不可替代的小城镇。应当看到，不同类型的城镇具有不同的功能和吸引力，大城市具有中小城市不可替代的作用，而中小城市和小城镇也会具有大城市所没有的特色，有些人愿意生活在大城市，甚至是小城镇，愿意享受更为悠闲、接近自然的生活，更为清洁的空气和价格更便宜的住房。我们绝不能再进行简单的量的对比，不能“崇大抑小”，也不能“崇小抑大”，大中小城市和小城镇都有其存在的必然性和合理性。
（二）走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展之路是我国国情的内在要求
我国地域间经济社会发展和工业化的差距很大，不宜实行全国统一的城市化道路。人口多、地域广、差距大，是我国的基本国情。长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、环渤海的京津、山东半岛、辽东半岛等地区，人口稠密，经济较发达。工业化处于中后期阶段，交通便利，并有一个或若干个特大型城市、大城市为依托，城镇体系较完整。在这类地区，城市化的重点是完善城镇体系及功能分工，中小城市和小城镇在特大和大城市的依托下，可以发展起来，而且个别特大城市确实存在过密，需要向周边地区转移工业和人口的问题。对这类地区，合理发展小城市和小城镇就是正确的。
但在广大的西部地区，华北北部和东北的西北部，特别是人口稀少的西北地区，经济不发达，工业化处于初期阶段，乡镇企业不多，交通等基础设施不完备，且运距很长，缺乏具有辐射力和带动力的特大城市和大城市，中小城镇往往是由国家布局的资源开发和原材料加工项目形成的，城市功能不完善，对人口的吸纳力很弱，城镇体系不完整。在这类地区，实行大力发展中小城市，特别是小城镇是不现实的。因为你经济基础薄弱，对农民没有吸引力，既使建成起一座座小城来，也只能是空壳。城市化的重点可能主要应是发展和壮大现有大城市和少数中等城市规模，完善城市功能，增强吸纳力和辐射力。
以上这是从经济发展水平来谈城市化模式不能一刀切，下面再从人口国情看，更得要大中小城市和小城镇共举。
从人口国情看，我国的人口基数太大（13亿人），农民太多（约占60%的人口），城市化的任务之重（大约2亿的剩余劳动力转移），是其他国家都无法相比的。发达国家美、日、德还有发展中的高城市化水平国家，其人口基数和城市化人口规模都比中国小得多，几个或几十个大中城市即可担负起全国城市化的任务。如伦敦680万人，占英国人口的12%；东京12000多万人，占总人口的10%；汉城1100万人，占总人口的20%；墨西哥城2000多万人，占总人口的25%。而我国城市化的重任，就是20年内再建100个百万人口的大城市，也只能容纳1亿多人口，自然承受不了巨大的城市化人口的压力，中国城市化目标的实现必须是大中小城市和小城镇协调发展，共同分流。
总之，推进城市化，我们应放弃按规模确定城市发展重点的方针，从全国统一的城市化道路，转向大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的多元城市化道路。
（三）走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展之路是对城市化发展经验的总结
世界各国在推进城市化的发展中积累了许多的经验教训。就拿中国来说，以往走的是“严格控制大城市的规模，合理发展中等城市，积极发展小城镇”的道路。这条道路严重制约了中国城市化进程。严格限制大城市的发展，导致大城市的人口集中度偏低，我国只有11.3%的人居住在百万人口以上的城市里，大大低于世界平均16.5%水平。由于人口集中度低，导致北京、上海这样全国最大的城市所产出的国民财富也处于较低水平。上海的GDP只占全国GDP的4.6%，北京只占2.5%，上海的GDP总量仅相当于香港的1/4，日本东京的1/20。因此，我国大城市还普遍存在着巨大的发展空间。我想建国以来如果我们不走控制大城市发展之路的话，在50年代与日本一块起飞，我们的上海有可能与东京一样并驾齐驱，成为国际大都市，如果是那样的话，中国的综合国力会比现在更强。以往城市化道路除了“抑大”之外就是“崇小”。即在20世纪90年代以来，我们走的是积极发展小城镇的道路。许多地方都在讲小城镇、大战略，把眼光都盯在了小城镇上，其实，城市化才是大战略，小城镇是一个重要战略措施：适当发展大中城市也是重要战略，甚至是更经济、更有效的措施。正如我们前面讲到的只有大城市，才能更好地形成城市功能，发挥辐射效应和扩散效应，产生规模效益，集聚效益和分工协作效益。过分强调发展小城镇，只能形成“走了一村又一村，村村像城镇；去了一镇又一镇，镇镇像农村”的局面。城乡一体化，不是城不城、乡不乡、小城镇遍地开花。现在有的镇人均只有2000人，这种局面造成了城镇规模结构不合理，小城镇占的比重过大，第三产业得不到有效发展，难以形成产业链、行业群，对人口的吸纳力极低，规模过小的小城镇其实不具有城市功能，过多会占用大量耕地，造成生态环境恶化。所以，小城镇只能是城市化的基础层次。城市化发展的重点不应是小城镇。发展小城镇的关键在于繁荣小城镇经济，把引导乡企合理集聚，完善农村市场体系，发展农业产业化经营和社会化服务等与小城镇建设结合起来，使小城镇有产业、市场支撑，特别注意不能用行政命令的办法发展小城镇，应该在政府的引导下主要通过市场机制的作用建设小城镇，不能一哄而起，遍地开花，唱空城计，防止有城无市，有镇无产，城镇“空壳化”，只有这样，才能真正做到大中小城市和小城镇合现布局，协调发展。
再从城市化发展的国际经验看，片面地发展大城市也不能使城市化健康发展。就拿墨西哥城来说，上个世纪70年代它就成为人口1000多万的世界第一大城市。现在4个墨西哥人中就有1个居住在首都。但是它与其它城市的发展极不协调。其第二大城市比首都人口差好几倍，由于大城市畸形发展，导致人口过多，交通相挤，污染较重，生态环境恶化。70年代由于人口过度集中导致地下水抽取过度，造成地面下沉非常严重，酿成了许多建筑事故。而且，人口过度集中，导致失业增多，社会治安极差。中国大陆一位学者曾到墨西哥调查贫民窟问题，多次央求，出租车司机才勉强成行，到了那里，不敢熄火，好随时开溜，可以想见那里的治安差到什么程度。再说韩国汉城人口高度集中，污染也较重，现在韩国准备将政府迁到另一个城市。以上事例说明走单一城市化道路不仅不会加快城市化进程，反而阻碍城市化进程。
在推进城市化过程中也积累了少经验。发展大城市带这是城市化发展的一个国际经验。如美国在北起缅因州，南到福吉尼亚的长达550公里的地带内，以纽约、费城、巴尔的摩，华盛顿和波士顿等5个大城市为核心，以上百个中等城市和小城镇为纽带，以周围农村为腹地，形成了世界上规模最庞大，人口最集中的大都市市区。大都市带（区）的出现及发展，就是大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的具体体现（地域表现）。走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城市化道路，发展城市带，既能发挥城市的吸引力，形成国民经济的增长极，又能增强城市的辐射力，扩大城市文明的普及范围，加速城乡协调发展，共同繁荣。目前，我国的长三角地区城市化进程快，经济增长快，原因之一就是改革开放后注意了大中小城市及小城镇的相对协调发展。
综上所述，大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城市化道路是城市化规律使然，国情使然，城市化发展的经验教训使然。