sci论文如何分析图表

sci论文如何分析图表

SCI论文中的图表制作技巧

论文图表是读者能够直观的了解数据或资料的最佳形式，一个清晰、简要、准确的图表的制作往往要遵循一定的原则，包括是否正确是使用字间距、色彩、架构、线条等等元素，如何去制作这样的图表呢？这就是今天我们要说的。

图表的设计要基于成果的表达，准确地突出作者的贡献图表是论文中的空白处(blank area)，即：图表本身或周边的留空容易吸引读者的注意和阅读。因此，图表的内容和视觉效果一定要重点突出。尽可能地将论文的代表性贡献用关键性图表清楚地表达出来，不要包含太多不属于本文工作的信息，以免作者的贡献被淹没在无关的细节。根据数据或观点表达的需要选择最合适的表达形式(插图或表格对于表格或插图的选择，应视数据表达的需要而定。

图表的形式应尽量简洁，所承载的问题不要过多明确图表所要阐述的问题，在图题、图注或图内直接回答这些问题，或者在正文中通过提供更多的背景而间接地回答这些问题。复杂的图表尽量安排到论文的尾部，以便读者在有一些相关知识的基础上理解。相互间有比较或参照意义的插图可整合为同一个图中的多个分图[(a)，(b)， (c)]，以减少文字表述的复杂性。如果期刊对插图的数量有规定(通常不超过6个)，应严格执行。

表格的优点是可以方便地列举大量精确数据或资料，图形则可以直观、有效地表达复杂数据。因此，如果强调展示给读者精确的数值，就采用表格形式；如果要强调展示数据的分布特征或变化趋势，则宜采用图示方法。一定要避免以插图和表格的形式重复表述同样的数据，除非重复的理由十分必要。图表的表述要考虑到读者的理解水平，应具有“自明性”。

每个插图或表格都应该具有自明性或相对独立，图表中的各项资料应清楚、完整，以便读者在不读正文情况下也能够理解图表中所表达的内容。图表中各组元(术语名称、数据、曲线或首字母缩写词等)的安排要力求使表述的数据或论点一目了然，避免堆积过多的令人分心的细节，从而造成图表理解上的困难。
参考：查尔斯沃思论文润色贴士

SCI论文写作（二）Results

每一篇实验研究性文章的结果部分，都会有不同的Results，也会有不同的Figures，每一个figure里面又会有不同的picture。本文就将对Result的常用句式进行总结。

首先是英文时态： 结果部分的写作是 SCI论文写作的第一步，单从英文写作的角度讲这部分很容易写，我们要做的只是要去 描述实验结果 ，这一部分只需要一种时态—— 过去时 。

在结果描述的过程中，我们还需要 分段总结 实验结果，使每段内容的含义更好的被理解，这些总结的语句一般用 一般现在时 。

结果部分还需要一些 承上启下的连接语句 ，或者补充 introduction中没讲完全的内容时，其时态需要 单独分析 。

此外，将常用句式主要分为9个部分：

一.做这个result的最初目的，为什么要做这个实验？

二.对result中的图表进行描述和解释

三.强调某一结果的重要性

四.开始讨论一个阳性的结果

五.开始讨论一个阴性的结果

六.报告阳性or阴性的相互作用

七.强调这个发现是一个有趣的、令人惊讶的结果

八.过渡语句

九.对Result进行分段总结

The standard approach to this section of a research article or dissertation is to present and describe the results in a systematic and detailed way. 

When reporting qualitative results , the researcher will highlight and comment on the themes that emerge from the analysis. These comments will often be illustrated with excerpts from the raw data. In text based studies, this may comprise quotations from primary sources. 即首先要点明这个这一部分的Result的主题，得到了一个什么样的结论，再用一些原始数据或者引用参考的数据来支持这一结果。

In quantitative studies, the results section is likely to consist of tables and figures , and writers comment on the significant data shown in these . This often takes the form of the location or summary statement, which identifies the table or figure and indicates its content, and a highlighting statement or statements, which point out and describe the relevant or significant data. Result部分里面应该包含图片和表格，文中应该对这一部分的数据进行解释。对每一个图表都应该有其对应的称述或解释，并且文字要有指向性，指向某一个具体的小picture。

All figures and tables should be numbered and given a title . 每个图表都需要编号，并且有一个title。

More elaborate commentary on the results is normally restricted to the Discussion section. In research articles, however, authors may comment extensively on their results as they are presented, and it is not uncommon for the Results section to be combined with the Discussion section under the heading: Results and Discussion.有些文章的result里只是对结果进行描述，但是具体的讨论会放到一个专门的Discussion部分；而有些文章会将Result和Discussion放在一起。这个要具体对待。

接下来是一些常用句式：

The first set of questions aimed to …

xxx experiment  was performed to identify/demonstrate xxx.

To explore the function of xxx, we did xxx.

To compare the difference between …

The purpose of Experiment 3 was to …

Simple statistical analysis was used to …

The next question asked the informants …

To assess X, the Y questionnaire was used.

Changes in X and Y were compared using …

Regression analysis was used to predict the …

To distinguish between these two possibilities, …

The first set of analyses examined the impact of …

The correlation between X and Y was tested using …

T-tests were used to analyse the relationship between …

The average scores of X and Y were compared in order to …

In order to assess Z, repeated-measures ANOVAs were used...

Nine items on the questionnaire measured the extent to which …

下面给了一些万能句式：涵盖了不同的主谓宾形式，可根据句子的长短以及具体的内容进行选择。

Decreased mRNA/protein levels  of xxx were observed in xxx

mRNA analysis of xxx, showed significant increases of  xxx.

RT-PCR analysis showed a higher expression level of xxx mRNA in xxx than in xxx.

xxx treatment affected something, indicating the role for xxx.

Drug A application increased xxx

We purified total RNA from U2OS cells and added increasing concentrations of this RNA to G3BP1 protein in vitro in the absence of Ficoll and found that this RNA strongly promoted LLPS of G3BP1

This finding was consistent with the previous finding that xxx.

Our data demonstrated that xxx plays a role in xxx

Ligation and puncture in mice resulted in xxx.

The number of cells surrounding the xxx was increased.

The increase in the expression of xxx was abrogated upon xxx treatment.

The elevation in the expression of xxx was decreased upon xxx treatment.

What stands out in the table is …

Closer inspection of the table shows …

It is apparent from this table that very few …

The most interesting aspect of this graph is …

In Fig.10 there is a clear trend of decreasing …

What is striking about the figures in this table is …

What is interesting about the data in this table is that …

The differences between X and Y are highlighted in Table 4.

From the chart, it can be seen that by far the greatest demand is for …

From this data, we can see that Study 2 resulted in the lowest value of …

This table is quite revealing in several ways. First, unlike the other tables …

From the data in Figure 9, it is apparent that the length of time left between …

Data from this table can be compared with the data in Table 4.6 which shows …

As Table III shows, there is a significant difference (t = -2.15, p = 0.03) between the two groups.

The mean score for X was …

Further analysis showed that …

Further statistical tests revealed …

A two-way ANOVA revealed that …

On average, Xs were shown to have …

Strong evidence of X was found when …

This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.

The results, as shown in Table 1, indicate that …

A positive correlation was found between X and Y.

There was a significant positive correlation between …

The difference between the X and Y groups was significant.

There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = 2.906, p<0.01

There was a significant difference between the two conditions …

Respondents who reported low levels of X also reported significantly lower levels of Y.

No increase in X was detected.

No difference greater than X was observed.

No significant differences were found between …

None of these differences were statistically significant.

No significant difference between the two groups was evident.

No significant reduction in X was found compared with placebo.

No evidence was found for non-linear associations between X and Y.

No significant correlation was found between X scores and the Y scores (p = .274)

X appeared to be unaffected by Y.

Only trace amounts of X were detected in …

There was no evidence that X has an influence on …

The Chi-square test did not show any significant differences between …

Overall, X did not affect males and females differently in these measures.

A clear benefit of X in the prevention of Y could not be identified in this analysis.

T-tests found no significant differences in mean scores on the X and Y subscales.

Stimulation of X cells with Y did not increase the …

With successive increases in intensity of the X, the Y moved further to …

Following the addition of X, a significant increase ( P <0.05) in the Y was recorded.

When X cells were stimulated with Y, no significant difference in the number of Z was detected.

Interestingly, the X was observed to …

This result is somewhat counterintuitive .

Interestingly, this correlation is related to …

The more surprising correlation is with the …

Surprisingly, only a minority of respondent s …

The most surprising aspect of the data is in the …

The correlation between X and Y is interesting because …

The most striking result to emerge from the data is that …

Interestingly, there were also differences in the ratios of …

The single most striking observation to emerge from the data comparison was …

除了描述结果和总结结果，在结果部分还需要用一些承上启下的语句，其目的就是把各个

部分的结果连接起来，让整个结果部分变成一个连贯的整体，就好像在讲一个完整的故事

一样，这样才方便读者阅读理解。常用的句式和段落承接方法有：

If we now turn to …

A comparison of the two results reveals …

Turning now to the experimental evidence on …

Comparing the two results, it can be seen that …

The next section of the survey was concerned with …

In the final part of the survey, respondents were asked …

Previous report that xxx, led us to assess the effect of xxx on xxx.

We next asked whether xxx was required for xxx process.

Having shown that xxx, we thus speculate that xxx.

According to the finding that xxx, one may note that xxx, so we performed xxx experiment.

Having demonstrated that, we investigated that xxx.

To discover additional xxx, we conducted xxx experiment.

为了让我们的结果更容易被理解，最好每一小段文字的结尾都有一句总结的文字，顺便还

可以解释一下实验结果说明了什么

对一小段文字进行总结：

Therefore, the goal of this study is to demonstrate xxx.

Thus, xxx signaling pathway could be a novel target for the treatment of xxx

These results suggest that xxx mediates xxx and the subsequent downstream signaling events.

Taken together, our data indicate that xxx.

These results suggest that …

Overall, these results indicate that …

In summary, these results show that …

In summary, for the informants in this study, …

Together these results provide important insights into …

Taken together, these results suggest that there is an association between …

The results in this chapter indicate that … The next chapter, therefore, moves on to discuss the …

sci的图例和图标题要分开吗

没有要求。
图表可以直接表达数据或思想，是SCI论文的重要组成部分。图表在SCI论文中也被广泛采用。审稿编辑在论文审核过程中也会注重考察图表，所以大家在论文写作过程中也应重视图表制作规范。
表格的优点是可以方便地列举出大量精确数据或资料，而图形则可以直观、有效地表达复杂数据。因此，对于表格或插图的选择，应视数据表达的需要而定。如果强调展示给读者精确的数值，就采用表格形式。如果要强调展示数据的分布特征或变化趋势，则宜采用图示方法。最好要避免插图和表格的形式重复表述相同的数据，除非你重复的理由很重要。

你知道SCI审稿人看重哪些内容吗

首先，一篇SCI文章映入审稿者眼帘的便是图表，因为图表在纯文字的文章中成为了唯一突出和抢眼的地方。故而，图表的写作是SCI审稿人最爱计较的内容。
对于图表的写作，我们需要遵从以下的原则：
法则一，图表的形式应尽量简洁,所承载的问题不要过多明确图表所要阐述的问题,在图题、图注或图内直接回答这些问题,或者在正文中通过提供更多的背景而间接地回答这些问题。复杂的图表尽量安排到论文的尾部,以便读者在有一些相关知识的基础上理解。相互间有比较或参照意义的插图可整合为同一个图中的多个分图[(a), (b), (c)],以减少文字表述的复杂性。如果期刊对插图的数量有规定(通常不超过6个),应严格执行;
法则二，图表的设计要基于成果的表达,准确地突出作者的贡献图表是论文中的空白处(blank area),即:图表本身或周边的留空容易吸引读者的注意和阅读。因此,图表的内容和视觉效果一定要重点突出。尽可能地将论文的代表性贡献用关键性图表清楚地表达出来,不要包含太多不属于本文工作的信息,以免作者的贡献被淹没在无关的细节大海里;
法则三，根据数据或观点表达的需要选择最合适的表达形式(插图或表格，对于表格或插图的选择,应视数据表达的需要而定。表格的优点是可以方便地列举大量精确数据或资料,图形则可以直观、有效地表达复杂数据。因此,如果强调展示给读者精确的数值,就采用表格形式;如果要强调展示数据的分布特征或变化趋势,则宜采用图示方法，一定要避免以插图和表格的形式重复表述同样的数据)除非重复的理由十分必要;
法则四，图表的表述要考虑到读者的理解水平,应具有“自明性”。
在遵守以上原则的同时，对于SCI写作中图表的制作我们还需要注意避免以下的错误：
(1)图、表格内容与文字重复。在SCI论文中，相同内容不宜用文字、表格和统计图重复表达，应根据内容的需要选择一种表达形式即可。这方面的原则应是：凡是用简要的文字能够表达清楚的就不用图和表格来表达;凡是用表能够一目了然表示的就不用图。为使读者便于对照比较和了解精确结果时，以表格形式为宜。
(2)表格中数值计算不精确，保留位数不一致。表中数值精确与否是决定统计表质量的关键因素，也是科学实验结果是否严密的具体体现。由于表格中的数据是经过原始数据计算得出，因此往往不是整数。应该使用相同的小数位。表格中同一指标数字的有效位数应一致，不足者以“0”补足。计算百分比时，应注意各百分比相加应为100%。
(3)缩略语及量和单位不规范。表格中所列的指标名称不宜随意而定，应使用固定的缩略语。特殊情况下使用不常用的单位和缩写词时，需在表注中说明。表格中的法定计算单位，一律使用符号。单位应该遵循国际标准命名原则。在数字和单位之间应有一个单一空格。
(4)表中分组变量与观测指标的位置颠倒及数据排列不当。表中数据的排列应接同类数据纵排的原则安排，排列不当则导致读表费力，不易对照比较和从中了解变化规律。
(5)表注说明过繁。表注是对表中有关内容的必要补充和说明，应简明扼要。如需要说明的内容较多时，应移入表前的正文中用文字介绍，表中数据的计算公式，应在论文的“Materials and Methods”部分介绍，不宜列入表注。
(6)罗列原始记录数据。典型的表和图是对结果的总结，研究过程中的原始数据，不必全部罗列于表中。表格中的数据一般应是经过统计学处理的。
其次，在大致查看了SCI稿件中图表内容之后，审稿人便会正式阅读文章内容。而在SCI文章的内容中，最先被审稿人关注的便是SCI的摘要。因为这个部分的内容是文章的高度概括。只要阅读这部分的内容，审稿人便能了解文章所论述的主要内容。故而，摘要的好坏也是决定一篇SCI能否成功的关键。
在写作SCI摘要的时候，我们需要体现四点内容：
1、写出文章正文中所采用的材料及简要的处理方法。切记勿将所有的正文大部分截取作为摘要，摘要主要是体现论文的大纲，不用过多作为一个详细介绍，简明扼要描述出正文中实验所采用的材料和简要不可少或者特殊的处理方法，吸引读者，也增加文章的趣味性和可阅读性。
2、重要的结果在摘要就体现出来，比如多重比较结果，或者是因素方差分析结果。正文的重要结果可在摘要体现出来，这样一来道出文章主旨，也给读者一目了然的信息，或者还可以是简单介绍实验，再列出分析结果，不要将读者误导，也不要过多留悬念。读者可能会因为你的论文摘要表现太多迂腐，从而对你的文章提前作出反感心态。
3、最后写出本文的一些重点意义。摘要部分还是要透出文章的科研意义，和实验的价值意义所在，体现出文章的特殊性和现发现等信息。读者是首先透过摘要信息对正文的大致了解的，对摘要的截取要细心斟酌。
4、将结果部分比较重要信息复制过来就可以了。正文的表达中最后会写出结果部分，这些也可以作为摘要的选择。在最后一句提出实验的意义和展望就算是完成了。
最后，除了以上图表和摘要做为审稿人查阅一篇SCI时最为计较的两个要点之外，在一些内容的写作上审稿人一样那么爱计较。这些内容包括了：
1、SCI论文标题要创新、简洁。创新是因为写科技文章的目的在于报道新的科技进展，缺乏创新因素就会失去发表的意义。但运用创新要建立在已有的科研成果基础上，太过于“创”这个字可能会适得其反。
2、SCI论文写作的实验操作要真实。在遇到实验数据发现偏差时，绝对不能主观臆断，应该完全遵循实际的实验结果。重复实验或增加采样数量是获得最好数据的方法。即便预期的实验结果和实际的实验结果存在偏差，也应根据实际的实验结果来撰写SCI论文。有时候差异也可能使这篇文章具有争论的焦点成为文章的亮点。
3、SCI论文参考文献与引言规范。参考文献规范可以使读者了解文章的依据，也显示出自己对科研工作的准确定位与对知识的尊重。推荐使用文献管理软件对参考文献进行编辑可以避免各种细节错误。SCI引言应简练明了介绍科研内容发展历程在这研究方向中所占的重要位置。
4、SCI论文整体的格式要标准化。SCI论文内容段落分明，排版清晰有利于审稿人的审阅。SCI论文段落与段落之间留出空行，使得文章看起来简洁明了。SCI论文正文、标题和参考文献分别用不同的字体区分开来。