英语毕业论文范文参考硕士

英语毕业论文范文参考硕士

　　英美文学作为世界文学史上重要的组成部分,对于它的学习是必不可少的。下文是我为大家整理的关于英美文学硕士 毕业 论文 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
　　英美文学硕士毕业论文范文篇1
　　浅谈英美女性主义文学批评

　　【摘要】英美派女性主义文学批评是当代西方女性主义文学批评的一个重要学派，它关注文学的社会 文化 语境，强调从女性的视角重新审视传统的文学史，批判男性中心主义的文学标准，并要求研究妇女作品的特殊性、谱写妇女作家的传统。本文着重从女性主义文学批评以及解构男性中心文学的框架与建立女性主义诗学这几个方面进行论述，指出英美派女性主义批评在女权主义运动中富有的实践指导意义。

　　【关键词】英美文学;女性主义;男性中心文学

　　女性主义文学批评是20世纪60年代随着女权运动而兴起的西方文艺批评新军。它以女性主义思想为理论基础，以性别和社会性别为基本出发点，以从边缘走向中心为行动纲领，其显著的特点在于具有很强的政治性和个人色彩。之所以把英美文学合在一起，是因为二者不约而同地对女性问题中的社会历史因素给予格外关注。另外，同为英语国家，女性主义批评者致力找寻的文学传统和艺术形象都集中在相仿的经典之中。

　　一、英美派女性主义文学批评的深层背景和原因

　　以往所谓的文学传统一律以男性为中心，文学史和文学批评也都被父权主义意识所统治。面对这种情况，女性主义批评家认为，文学批评要具备普遍意义和有效性，无论如何都应该将女性意识包括在内，坚决动摇和解构以男性为中心的文学传统框架，对现存的文化和制度进行总批判，整理提供掀起一场女权主义的文化革命。英美女性主义文学批评首先是从解构男性中心的文学传统框架而开始的。

　　这主要是通过考察、分析、审视男性文学中那些陈旧的女性形象。在男性本位创造的 神话 故事 中，女性总是以虚幻、美化或扭曲的形象出现的。她们是象牙女郎、安德洛美达、夏娃、潘多拉，是为男人享用而创造出来的尤物，是一种被动、缺乏自主能力的次等客体。在《性别政治》一书中，米勒特对D?H?劳伦斯、亨利?米勒、诺曼?梅勒和让?热奈特等男性作家的思想意识作了尖锐有力的批评和分析，指出这些作家的小说中有很多细节描写都把女性给非人化了。小说中描写的场景和过程全都是从男主人公的角度出发的，女性人物自始至终都处于被控制的地位，男性人物则是绝对的操纵者。

　　米勒特的分析说明，男作家正是通过这种夸张的描写，把男女之间的性关系表现为正常的政治关系，让女人处于屈从、附属的地位。桑德拉?吉尔伯特和苏珊?格巴在《阁楼上的疯女人》一书中指出，19世纪(乃至今日)占统治地位的父权主义意识形态把艺术创造力当成男性的一种根本优质，由于创造力被界定为男性，其结果必然是，占统治地位的女性文学形象也必然是男人幻想的产物，女作家们被剥夺了创造自我形象的权利，而必须努力遵照父权制强加在她们身上的标准。

　　吉尔伯特和格巴条分缕述地论证了19世纪的《不朽女性》是怎样被男人想象为虚无飘缈、温柔美丽的天使形象，认为从但丁的贝雅特里齐、歌德的葛雷特和玛甘泪一直到考文垂?帕特莫尔的《屋内天使》，理想的女性始终被视为逆来顺受、俯首帖耳和最富有自我牺牲精神的一种创造物。她们还指出，在天使形象的背后隐藏着妖妇的形象，男人把女性理想化的对应面就是对女性的恐惧。她既给男人带来满足，又会使他产生厌恶。

　　女性主义者认为，男性中心的文学把性别推向边缘，让妇女成为文化的接受者，批评的功能在于揭露隐藏在作品中的男性沙文主义的真正面目。因此，女性主义者的首要任务是用批判的眼光审视男性创造的女性神话，作一种对抗性阅读，把根植于女性心中的男性意识根除。文学批评一旦揭开了这些形象的政治含义和文本的性歧视，就能帮助读者摆脱意识形态的控制，从而动摇父权制的根基，达到改造世界的目的。

　　二、建立女性主义诗学女性主义批评家的一些实践

　　女性主义批评家们试图通过对男作家笔下诸多女性形象的考察、剖析和审视来解构男性中心的文学传统框架，但她们并不只满足于此，她们努力扩大批评的范围，拓展新的批评领域，确立女性主义批评原则，建造一座她们自己的文学宫殿，发掘被男人和社会所忽视的妇女文学传统，将批评的焦点对准女作家及其作品。她们要求拓宽妇女生活题材，创造一种崭新的、富有生命力的、迥然有别于男性文学的妇女文学;她们系统阐述女性主义批评原则以此肯定妇女的文学 经验 和社会经验;建构女性主义诗学，以此对传统的文学作品进行新的评价，重新书写文学史;此外，她们还对男女作家在文学传统方面的差异进行开创性的探索，对女作家的创作经验、想象及其创作手法等方面显示出来的不同倾向进行初步研究，对既存的批评观念和文学的道德性质进行深刻的 反思 和审视。

　　具体做法就是寻觅女性文学的传统，挖掘被埋没的女作家及作品。美国女性主义批评家丽娜?蓓姆指出，如果从已出版的文学史或文集来看，美国几乎没有一个女性大作家，而主要的小说很容易发现，早在移民时期，女作家就开始活跃了。到了19世纪中叶，在销售和品种方面，女作家已在美国文学史上占了重要位置，连霍桑那样的名作家都免不了担心自己的读者会被女作家吸引过去。然而，这些女作家在文学史上却名不见经传，因为文学史对她们不屑一顾，认为女人不能算是作家，其作品也够不上载入史册的标准。

　　正是这种以男性为中心的文学批评标准将女性作家长期摒弃于文学史外。因此，女性主义批评家的任务之一便是从女性的视角重新审视整个文学史，发掘被埋没或受冷漠的女作家的作品，纠正男性传统对之的错误理解，寻觅女性文学的传统，重铸文学批评的 方法 。伍尔夫在《一间自己的屋子》中承认一个女性文学的传统存在，但它时时被迫中断，妇女文学的发展呈间歇状态，直到19世纪以后才能较清楚地看到文学创作的具有历史延续性的女性文学传统。

　　相对于世界文学的发展，这一女性文学的传统无疑是十分短暂的，并且以阿弗拉?贝恩为代表的19世纪初期的妇女创作又被男性的文学批评排斥在文学范围之外，故导致妇女文学传统的难以发现。尽管有着种种困难，但妇女文学传统的存在是无疑的。伍尔夫认为她自己的创作也是沿着这条女性先辈开拓出的道路而进行的，这条道路是许多年以前开辟出来的，动手的有芬尼?伯尔尼、阿弗拉?本、哈利?马提诺、简?奥斯汀、乔治?艾略特。许多著名的女人，以及许多无名的和被忘记的女人，曾在我之前修缮着这条路以使之平坦光滑，并且调整着我的步伐。

　　所以，当我写作时，我的前面只有极少一些物质障碍。伊莱恩?肖瓦尔特是当代西方女性主义文学批评理论家中最为活跃、影响较大者之一，她倡导建构独立的妇女文学史和女性文学经典。

　　三、对女性主义批评理论的反思

　　女性主义文学批评灵活地吸收了西方流行的各种批评方法，容纳了生理学、人类学、现代心理学和美学等领域的知识和理论，呈现出一个多元开放的体系。女性主义批评不为单一的方法所左右，从语言、心理、文化等多角度解构男性中心的意识形态，达到建立女性自身的价值标准与独特文化的目的。

　　然而，玛丽?朴维在其文《女性主义与解构批评》里声称：“‘女性’仅仅是社会的产物，不具有自然的基础，即‘女性’是一个术语，对这个术语的界定取决于它所被讨论的语境，而不取决于某些性器官或社会经验”，“‘女性’反映不了完整的自我，因为特征是有所联系的，‘女性’仅仅是同‘男性’相对照时获得的临时定义的一个位置。”如果性别角色完全取决于话语，这一话语又时刻处于变化和解构之中，两性的意义缺乏稳定性，那么女权主义批评家和理论家就失去了存在的支点。如果放弃了对社会性别的界定，要求女性正当权益的斗争就失去了理论基石。

　　她因此呼吁，女性主义不能忽视女性受歧视的社会现实，不应该消解主体，反倒更应该加强对现实的斗争策略的研究。

　　综上所述，女性主义文学批评是20世纪6O年代末兴起于欧美的新女性主义话语的一部分。它在当代西方文学理论与实践中扮演重要的角色。不仅对父权制文化给予了尖锐的批判;而且还突破了理论话语惯有的表述方式，使历经沧桑的女权思想终于在20世纪下半叶得以理论化，并进入了理论话语的中心，使女性主义文学批评摆脱异端与边缘的地位，转而成为当代理论话语的重要一维，促进了西方理论话语的转型。当然，对这一领域的研究、探讨还需要我们做进一步深入的发掘。

　　参考文献：

　　[1]英美派女性主义文学批评论莫文斌，罗艳《求索》2005(02).

　　[2]试论20世纪英美女权主义文学批评理论的流变及其影响《北方民族大学学报》2002(02).

　　[3]女性主义文学批评的本土化历程及其问题[J].魏天无外国文学研究，2011(06).
　　英美文学硕士毕业论文范文篇2
　　论英语教学中的英美文学

　　摘要：随着社会的飞速发展，要适应新世纪英美文学教学的发展，满足21世纪外语人才的需要，高校必须改变传统的英美文学教学模式，不断加强英美文学教学改革，构成合理的学科梯队。本文从英美文学在英语教学中的重要作用、英语专业英美文学教学现状和英美文学的 教学方法 三个方面进行了探讨。

　　关键词：英美文学;英语教学

　　一、英美文学在英语教学中的重要作用

　　(一)有效提高学生对所学英语知识的实际应用能力

　　文学作品是语言的艺术表现形式，是源于生活而又高于生活的文字语言形式。语言文字经过大师们的加工酝酿，便具有了鲜活形象的生命力，成为社会生活中的经典和宝贵的精神文化财富。因为文学作品中饱含生活气息，使人们更加易于接受，所以成为教学的典范和人们争相模仿的对象。在英语教学中适当引入英美文学作品赏析，可以进一步提高学生对英语语言背景的了解和对英语语言艺术的浓厚兴趣。在英语教学过程中充分利用这些经典的英美文学作品，结合其中的优美的语句段落让学生们在具体的语境中去感悟单词和语法的实际应用，能够收到良好的教学效果。

　　(二)可以提升学生的个人修养和综合素质

　　在英美文学作品的熏陶下，学生们不仅学到了基本的英语常识，还通过对作品内容的了解进一步开拓了自己的文化视野，了解到在不同文化背景下的文学作品所表现出的不同的社会生活场景，从而使自己的个人修养和文化情操得到进一步提升，对不同文化的欣赏、学习能力进一步增强。通过学习优秀的英美文学作品，在不同程度上了解英美国家的发展历程，感受英美人民的生活现实，可以让学生的 思维方式 和修养水平得到不同程度的提升。

　　(三)能够培养学生的思辨能力

　　文学作品是作者优秀思想的结晶。通过阅读作品，我们可以和作者进行跨越时空的精神交流。优秀的文学作品，其内容寄托于文字之中但精神无限延展。在欣赏文学作品的过程中，我们展开丰富的想象能力，对作者表达出的中心思想从不同角度加以揣摩，从而丰富了我们的情感体验、滋润了我们的心灵，是我们的眼界进一步拓宽。在英语教学上，通过阅读英美文学作品，对作品内容进行赏析，可以增强学生的创造性思维能力，提高他们对英语语言的理解能力。

　　对于同一篇作品，学生们可能会有不同的理解，教师可以引导学生对作品展开讨论，抒发自己的见解，在探讨过程中教师引领学生进入一个潜藏着未知答案的文本空间，由于没有标准答案，学生能够自己理解自认为正确的看法，主动去通过作品对作者进行评判。他们主动对话作者、质疑作者甚至否定作者，在对作品进行深入细致的分析、探讨中，逐步养成敏锐的感知能力，掌握严谨的分析方法，形成准确的表达方式。在英语教学中引入英美文学作品赏析的真正意义也正在这里。

　　二、英语专业英美文学教学现状

　　在我国的英语专业教学中，英美文学教学还保持着传统的泛读化教学方式。文本资料以教材上的为主要对象，在英语课堂上教师重点讲解教材，把重点在黑板上罗列出来，学生阅读仍然是次要的。英语教师往往背负着较重的教学目标，对教材的讲解也只是一遍而过，而教材对于英美文学的选取也受篇幅所限往往节选某一段落，对于英美文学的分类和评价往往比较混乱。

　　在英美文学课程中，由于教材教学内容信息量大，历史年限跨度长，文学流派和创作风格不一，英语文学作品的完整性和作品中心思想无法得到全面展现。这使得学生们的阅读效果大打折扣，教师在讲解过程中也无法全面展现作品中蕴涵的宝贵精神财富，只能针对几个关键的词汇和语言点重点讲解。

　　所以，现实中英美文学与课往往就是教师在讲台上漫无目的讲，学生在下面机械地听，麻木地记词汇。随着民间国际交往的不断扩大，英语专业教学中通过英美文学阅读引导学生提高 英语学习 效果，提升英美文学作品的阅读欣赏能力已经成为当下学术界的共识。

　　目前的英美文学教学模式还存在很大的问题。首先体现在教师的授课方式上，在课堂上，教师对于教材中的英美文学理论部分的讲述过于冗长，使学生们对学习毫无兴趣可言。学生们对这一部分的课堂内容只是被动地接受，自己不会动脑去思考有关作品的问题。教材选取的作品与文史理论也不利于课堂教学有效进行。其次，英美文学课由于教材篇幅有限，无法完整摘录某一文学作品，只能有选择地节选作品中的关键段落，而对作品的完整性造成破坏，作品的发生背景、人物介绍也变得残缺不全，学生初次接触作品很难深入阅读下去，教学效果可见一斑。

　　三、英美文学的科学教学方法

　　(一)循序渐进

　　英美文学课是需要一定的英语基础的，因此在课程安排上要遵循循序渐进的教学规律，贯穿于整个英语教学过程的始终。在具体的授课方式上，要考虑到学生们对英语的掌握情况，结合学生的词汇量和阅读水平逐步提高讲课层次。例如，在学生刚入学可以选择一些简单的英语读本培养他们的 英语阅读 习惯，等他们有了良好的阅读习惯，阅读水准达到一定的水平后，再给他们安排英语作品的原著阅读赏析。只有阅读英美文学原著作品，才可以看做是真正意义上的英美文学 教育 。学生有了一定的原著阅读经验，可以在课堂上适量增加阅读量，逐步提升学生们的英语阅读水平。

　　(二)通读原著

　　开设英美文学阅读课的目的是全面掌握英美文学作品的中心思想和作者的写作特色。只有将英语原著通读下来，才能充分体会到作品的语言特色、思想脉络和其中蕴含的深刻道理。目前我国英美文学教材只是节选作品的某一章节，断章取义，不利于学生整体理解作品。因此教师要创造条件，使学生尽量通读原著全文，全面体会作品思想内核，有条件的也可以横向扩展，多读一些相关作品，从更广阔的角度试着去理解作品，一定能收到意料之外阅读效果。因此，教师要向学生强调通读整本书的重要性，并布置写 读后感 ，督促学生完成任务。

　　(三)向学生推荐作品 　　英语教师在教授英美文学课时，除了教材上节选的内容外，还要积极拓展学生们的知识面，向他们推荐一些通俗易懂、可读性强的英美文学作品。例如英语典籍《圣经》、英国史诗文学《贝奥武夫》、经典小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》等等，都是一些优秀的英语文学作品，读来让人兴趣盎然，学生们课余饭后可以认真的深入进去进行精读。

　　(四)要求学生写读后感

　　英美文学作品阅读不能仅仅当做消遣，教师要要求学生每读完一篇作品都要写出心得。只有这样学生们在阅读过程中才会加强体验，在写读后感时重温对作品的个人理解，从而加深了最作品的认识。教师可以从学生的读后感中看出学生对作品的掌握是否充分?认识角度是否恰当?指出他们的不足，引导学生重读作品相关章节，纠正错误认识，进一步提高学生的英语阅读分析能力。此外，英美文学课程的考核可以采取写论文的方式，来促进学生通读作品，加深认识。

　　(五)让学生积极参与课程设计

　　课堂教学中教师可以反串角色，让学生主导课堂教学，扮演老师的角色在讲台上为大家讲解分析教材。这样可以活跃课堂气氛，调动学生们的学习积极性，使学生参与到课程设计中来，在学习中变被动为主动，加强对学习过程的记忆。从而避免了其被动接受知识养成的惰性。这样做一方面强化了课堂教学的学习氛围，另一方面使学生主动去对作品内容进行学习、记忆，对作品的印象进一步加深，促使他们在课外通过各种途径去对作品本身或作者相关资料进行搜集、检索，将之作为教科书的有益补充，学生们的自主学习能力得到有效提升。

　　四、结语

　　随着教育改革的不断深入，英语教学模式和教学理念面临着全新的挑战，在英美文学课程的教学上，只有转变教育理念，创新教学模式，改革教学内容，改进教学方法，在教育实践中探索有效的英美文学教学方法，合理的利用现代化的教学手段，以一颗火热赤诚的心投入到教育事业中，才能真正地帮助学生提高英语学习能力，满足新时期对外语人才的需要。

　　参考文献：

　　[1]胡恒.基于网络环境的英语文学课程教学设计[J].英语广场(学术研究)，2012，(5).

　　[2]董梅.英语教学中导入经典文学阅读的创新型教学研究[J].前沿，2012，(10).

　　[3]张春开.浅谈英美文学在高中英语教学中的渗透[J].英语教师，2012，(4).

　　[4]章洁帆.论文学性在综合英语课堂上的体现[J].宁波教育学院学报，2012，(2).

英语教育硕士毕业论文

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关于英语教育硕士毕业论文范文

基于研究生教育中医学英语教学方法的构建

1 讲解与本课相关的构词法

医学英语的关键在词汇， 主要是名词和形容词。名词和形容词由前缀、词根和后缀组成。因此， 若能熟练掌握一些与本课相关的前缀、词根和后缀， 那么许多长词、难词便迎刃而解。如讲授《大学公共医学英语》(上)中第4单元的Text B—HeartFailure时，可先讲解如下构词要素。词根有:( 1)“cardi- ”表示“心”， 如 electrocardiogram( 心电图) ;( 2)“myo- ”表示“肌”， 如cardiomyopathy( 心肌病) ;( 3)“steno- ”表示“狭窄”， 如 stenosis( 狭窄) ;( 4)“vaso- ”表示“血管”， 如 vasodilator( 血管舒张药) ;( 5)“aort- ”表示“主动脉”， 如 aortectomy( 主动脉部分切除术) ;( 6)“thromb( o) - ”表示“块， 血栓”， 如 thrombin( 凝血酶) 。前缀有:( 1)“brady- ”表示“慢， 迟钝”， 如 brandycardia( 心动过缓) ;( 2)“tachy- ”表示“快， 快速”， 如 tachycardia( 心动过速) 。后缀有:( 1)“- pathy”表示“疾病或疗法”， 如 hydropathy( 水疗法) ;( 2)“- gram”表 示“ 图 ， 像 ”， 如 thermogram( 温 度 记 录 图) ;( 3)“-graph”表示“描计器”， 如 electrocardiograph( 心电描计器) 。对前、后缀及词根的讲解不宜过多， 最多占用 20 分钟， 否则学生会不不易接受。

2 阅读全文， 写出概要或分段总结

阅读是对新学词汇的复习， 在具体环境中， 学生可将词汇记得更准、更牢。读完之后要让学生写出概要或分段总结， 这样他们能进一步理解全文。这种方法有助于培养他们的速读能力。对研究生来说， 医学英语的学习重点在于阅读与翻译。一要能读懂外文文献( 尤其是英文文献) ， 这样才能满足未来工作中对英语的需求; 二要能英汉互译一些文献， 这样才能精确地把别人的东西变成自己的， 同时也能把自己的东西译成英文， 供更多人查阅与参考， 从而有助于学术交流。而速读是读懂大意的最佳方法， 因此要培养学生这一良好的阅读习惯。另外， 写作也是研究生未来工作中必不可少的技能之一。梁正溜教授指出: 理解是输出的基础， 理解只有在输出中才能得到检验和修正。换言之， 只有读懂了， 才能写好; 而写的过程又是对全文再一次理解与修正的过程。通过这样的练习可有效培养学生的写作能力。

阅读有助于复习刚学到的词汇， 速读有助于掌握大意， 写作有助于再一次把握全文并为翻译打基础。

3 分组翻译， 互相学习

华仲乐教授指出: 表达空间创于课堂讨论之中， 这种讨论本身就是一种双方互动的交际， 负载大量参考信息， 帮助学生自我肯定、自我修订， 从而达到让学生在课堂中积极思维和参与的目的。仍以文中提到的“Heart Failure”一课为例， 让学生 4 人一组， 每组翻译一小段。分组翻译的优点很多:

( 1) 取长补短、相互学习。应届生英语基础往往比较扎实， 较长、较难的句子也能翻译出来; 而往届生则专业知识比较扎实。他们可以取长补短， 在讨论中相互学习， 同时也能增进彼此的了解， 使其学会合作。

( 2) 态度认真、精益求精。每组任务量都不大， 少而精， 锻炼了他们严格认真、精益求精的科学态度。( 3) 翻译技巧初步涉猎。翻译中教师要有意识地提醒学生注意某些翻译技巧， 如词义的处理、词性的转换、增译、省译、被动语态的翻译以及长句的处理等。总之， 分组翻译既可让学生练习翻译技巧， 学习语言知识和专业知识; 又可让其增进了解、学会合作。

4 教师点评， 共同促进

在规定时间内完成任务后， 每组派一名代表汇报他们的研究成果， 其他学生则注意听别人的翻译是否与自己的译文相符。汇报完后， 可先让其他组成员提出异议， 然后教师点评。教师点评时应注意以下几点:( 1) 注意翻译技巧。如词义的选择、词性的转换、增译、被动语态的翻译等。( 2) 注意某些常用医学词( 组) 的翻译。如上文提到的“Heart Failure”一课中， secondaryto 译成“继发于”， be associated with 译成“和...并发， 伴有...”。( 3) 注意某些专业术语的翻译。如 pressure overload 和 volumeoverload 分别译作“压力超负荷”和“容量超负荷”， prior myocar-dial infarction 译作“陈旧性梗死”， pulmonary capillary wedgepressure 译作“肺毛细血管楔压”。

5 精选练习， 巩固复习

本教材的优点之一是练习出得好， 尤其是 Text B 的练习，紧密结合所学知识， 能让学生在练习中巩固所学知识。如第 1题“answer the questions”， 有助于学生理解全文; 第 2 题“definethe terms”， 有助于学生练习口语表达; 第 3 题“phrases transla-tion”， 有助于学生复习所学专业词汇; 第 4 题“summary transla-tion”， 既锻炼了学生的汉译英技巧， 又进一步理解了全文， 且通过英汉互译进一步了解 2 种语言的差异。这些练习可以精选、也可以全做， 总的来说， 这些练习从阅读到翻译再到口语都有所涉猎。教师可充分利用课后练习， 有选择、有目的的专项或集中讲解， 以帮助学生巩固知识。综上所述， 这种教学模式可促进师生相互学习、取长补短，增进了师生间、学生间的相互了解， 最终达到教学目的。

参考文献:

[1]Dudley Evans， St John. Developments in English for Specific Purposes[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press， 1998.

[2]黄和斌. 外语教学理论与实践[M]. 南京: 译林出版社， 2001.

[3]赵贵旺. 大学公共医学英语( 上) [M]. 北京: 人民军医出版社， 2006.

[4]梁正溜. 在英语教学中要注重输出[J]. 外语界， 1999， 76( 4) : 53.

[5]华仲乐， 梁正溜. 探索新世纪医学英语教学之路[J]. 外语界， 2001， 82

[知识拓展]

下文是教育类毕业论文经典参考范文

教育问题既是一个理论问题,又是一个实践问题。作为理论问题必然涉及教育目的、意义、思想等;作为实践问题又涉及如何实现教育的目的、意义和思想等。故此,两者的研究都离不开价值的视野。教育本身的行为就是一个价值的行为。关于教育价值问题的研究,我国学者起步较晚,而国外在18世纪就已经开始研究了。斯宾塞最早提出“什么知识最有价值”的问题;杜威将教育价值分为内在价值与工具价值,一个是个体意义,一个是社会功用。此后,人们又从文化价值观和哲学价值论等角度对该问题给予论述与研究。

一、教育是一种价值选择

教育和价值是两个不同的概念。教育是有目的性的,有目的必然有价值。价值又有物质和精神两个方面。教育与价值的逻辑体现在:1)教育与价值之间没有任何关系;2)教育的概念是基本的,价值的概念是根据教育的概念来界定的;3)价值的概念是基本的,教育的概念是根据价值概念来界定的;4)教育概念和价值概念都不能根据对方来界定自己。本文要研究的是教育价值,所以,主要讲先有教育,再有教育价值。王坤庆教授认为,价值在哲学的意义上是与事实相对应的一个概念。如果说事实主要是科学研究对象的话,那么,哲学则要回答价值的问题。引用李凯尔特(t)的话就是,世界是由现实和价值构成的,主体与客体是现实世界的一个部分,与这个部分相对的是价值的世界。教育的行为在每个有理性的人看来都会是价值的行为。教育价值是一种内涵于教育活动中“好”的属性,它客观地存在于教育现象之中。正因为教育是有价值的,所以,它自产生以来,一直是影响人类社会生活的重要方式。由于有了教育,人类文明才得以传承、创造和转化。教育价值在本质上反映的是一种积极的、向上的、肯定的和好的方面的含义。在教育实践中选择正确的教育价值,分析和克服负面和消极的教育价值是非常必要的.。

教育是一种价值选择,体现在作为社会实践主体的人的一种需要。按照价值主义的看法,价值是完全依赖于人的,是依赖于人的主观需求的。某一事物有价值,是因为人们追求它和需要它,因而价值主要取决于人的需求。教育有价值,是因为它能提高人的文化水平,使人获得谋生的技能,改变人们的生存环境和提高生活质量。值得注意的是,价值主观主义并不认为主观需求就是价值,而认为主观需求所指向的东西才有价值。教育只有在教育客体本身的知识内化以后,变成一种能力和水平,使客体能够获得他所想要的东西时,才能体现价值。可见,教育价值的体现一般要满足三个条件,即教育对象对客体的有用性;教育对客体具有一定的目的性;客体对事物有用性所具有的欲望或者说偏好。

教育是一种价值选择,教育的行为对某种价值的取向,都是价值观作用于人的结果。人们对某个问题的态度、看法、认识也是受教育水平不同而不同的。换句话说,就是不同的人价值观不同。教育价值观有正确和错误之分。教育是一种以正确价值观为基础的价值选择,教育的价值选择是主体对客体的一种行为过程。在这一过程中,人的需要不断得到满足,客体的属性不断得到认识和改造,主体和客体在教育实践活动中趋于一致,并向积极的、肯定的和完善的方向发展,使人类社会不断趋向于文明和进步。

二、目的价值和工具价值

自从人类主动地办教育和受教育以来,教育就自然地被工具化了。社会、个人都是要通过教育,追寻教育以外的利益,并认为教育存在本身就是一种价值。“建国君民,教学为先”、“教育救国”、“科教兴国”、“经济要发展,教育要先行”之类的说法,反映了社会始终是把教育定位为一种工具,其逻辑推论是:“如果教育对于经济发展没有用处,国家、社会是不可能热心办教育的。对于个人来说,教育的意义也无外乎工具。”[1]21~22由此可见,教育价值是目的实现的工具。其实任何教育都有两种价值,教育价值也不例外。教育价值主要是理论研究的内容,旨在判断教育活动有哪些价值以及如何去追求和实现这些价值,以此形成一种有逻辑联系和基本概念的理论体系。我认为,教育价值还有一个是满足人生存和发展的价值,是基本的目的价值。工具价值是教育活动的一种类型,是人们在正确的教育价值观的引导下所从事的教育实践活动的一种称谓。目的价值和工具价值构成两个不同的价值领域,但都离不开哲学观的指导。从历史的发展来看,西方的价值教育是由于哲学上人们反对唯科学主义、倡导维护人的尊严和个性的一种教育应对。教育的目的价值和工具价值的关系是密切的,教育是主体价值取向的价值选择,教育的主体是人,而人的需求指向肯定是有目的的和需要工具的。人对一个事物有目的,那么就要有实现此目的的工具。中国有句古话,“临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网”,就是反映目的与工具的关系。因而,目的和工具对人也是有价值的。教育具有目的价值的同时也具有工具价值,因此,可以说,教育价值具有双重性。教育作为人的基本需求,既是目的,又是工具;既有目的价值,也有工具价值。目的价值和工具价值的主客体有时是统一的,有时又是分离的。作为个体本身的目的价值和工具价值的主体和客体是一致,作为主体对客体实施教育时,主体更关注的是目的价值,而客体为实现主体对自己的要求,必然要采取相应的办法和工具,因此客体更关注工具价值。从目的和工具来考察教育,不仅能提高教育的效益,也会使我们的教育偏向好的方面。也就是说,目的正确,工具未必正确;目的不正确,工具有可能就不正确,即使正确也达不到正确的目的。当然,目的和实现此目的的工具也是相对的,目的有正当与不正当之分,不正当的目的谈不上有教育价值,只有正当的目的才有目的的价值。实现目的的工具既有一个合理性的问题,也有一个合法性的问题,目的不能约束工具的合理和合法性,但是它们之间也是有内在联系的。

三、教育价值的主要体现

1.教育的个体价值

教育是个体在社会生活中自我实现的基本需要。个体有自己的理想、愿景、志向和态度;个体与社会相融,适应社会生活发展的要求,希望不断提高自己的生存质量和社会地位。个体社会化的过程其实就是自我实现的实践过程。自我实现的实践过程导致个体必须学习知识和获得技能,接受教育。个体的自身发展、自我完善和自我展示的结果就是个体教育价值的体现。个体教育价值与其自身和环境以及文化背景相联系,这就涉及个体教育价值的意义问题。不同的个体教育价值所体现的意义不同。从哲学关于人性论的基本范畴看,古今中外学者论人性,基本上是沿着善与恶的价值思路去探讨的。因此,我非常赞成卢梭的教育观,认为,人是唯一需要教育的动物,人只有通过教育才能成为人,教育对于人来说,是人性拓展和升华的天梯和大道。人性论认为,人性应有三个属性,即自然性、社会性和精神性,精神性对于人的全面发展更为重要。一个人不断地向精神世界发展和提升的时候,他才可能更像一个人,才有可能在自主活动中更全面地占有自己的本质。精神的富有永远超越于物质的富有,精神上的快乐与幸福永远高于物质上的快乐与幸福,由此可见,个体教育价值体现的核心是精神。作为个体的人,他有自己的思想和观点,这些思想和观点的价值取向受个体所处的环境和文化等诸多因素的影响,而正确的思想和观点离不开教育。中国的传统教育关注的就是道德和气节的养成;而国外个体的教育追求就与我们不同。所以说,个体的教育价值是个体教育价值观实现的途径。

2.教育的社会价值

个体不能孤立于社会,个体的教育价值离不开教育的社会价值。一个人通过教育,获得知识,掌握了一定的技能,也同时获得了知识中的功利价值和认知价值。如果没有正确的社会价值来指导,这些东西可能是个体作为向社会和他人讨价还价的资本,一旦在某些方面满足不了其私欲,则可能因反社会、反精神文化而堕落。因此,个体教育价值应是教育社会价值的体现,个体的教育价值应统一于教育的社会价值,只有社会价值内化于个体价值,才能促使个体价值观的形成。著名数学家苏步青认为,读书,不仅是要摆脱个人困境,更是要拯救中国广大的苦难民众;读书,不仅是为了个人找出路,更是为中华民族求新生。为此,他立下“读书不忘救国,救国不忘读书”的雄心壮志,他实现了个人的教育价值和社会价值的统一。

3.教育的文化价值

以斯普兰格(r)、李特()为代表的“文化教育”学派,倡导教育中的文化价值。科学技术发展,使人们更关注物质和科学精神的养成,忽视人文精神的重要性,导致文化价值的沦落。从20世纪80年代起,人们开始觉醒,进而结束了科学与人文的对垒与分野,使人文主义价值论的研究又重新回到教育哲学的研究视野中。如果一种文化能够推动教育进步,那么它就是先进的;否则,就是落后的。马克思主义告诉我们,一种文化是否值得支持和提倡,要看它能否科学地反映、体现教育的规律和发展趋势。教育的文化价值观应当是,大力发展先进文化,支持健康有益的文化;努力改造落后的文化;坚决抵制腐朽的文化。一个国家、一个民族不能没有自己的文化,没有文化的民族是注定要衰落的。优秀的文化不仅能陶冶人的情操,形成人的意志品德,焕发精神,凝聚人心,促使文化价值的实现;而且正确的文化价值观能使优秀的文化不断创新,不断进步,不断适应社会生活发展的需要。

当然,教育价值中的个体价值、社会价值、文化价值只是它的主要方面,关于教育价值表现形式还有很多方面。随着研究的深入,人们对教育价值一定会有更全更新的认识。

英语毕业论文答辩稿

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five r one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the r two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the r three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual r four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two r five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿

英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文

时间过得真快，大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xx.I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

Thats all. Thank you.