3个问题.难度一等一..1,民族服饰与现代服饰的结合服装的风格是宽袍大袖、厚实庄重。 南方少数民族地区宜于植麻种棉;自织麻布和土布是衣裙的主要用料。所用工具多十分简陋,但织物精美,花纹奇丽。因天气湿热,需要坦胸露腿,衣裙也就多短窄轻薄,其风格多生动活泼,式样繁多,各不雷同.2、 服装设计与市场销售(市场销售这一块.个人认为设计出来的衣服要的是品位.然后不能粗燥的卖.例如通过专卖店来卖.而且要有很独特的style!3、 服装设计与服装材料(最好是兽皮之类的,比较复古.然后特别保暖,有个性。但是要把兽皮处理好,完全闻不出气味.完全看不出来.然后还有树叶.做花边.多么完美!多么有创意! 等你实现!!
开头:中华各民族的形成,经历了至少两千多年的分化或融合过程。我国各民族的文化都有长期发展的历史传统,包括服饰文化在内。从现实的情况来考察,我国少数民族的服饰文化具有下列的一般性特点:首先民族服饰多姿多彩,服饰文化内咨丰富,有取之不尽的服饰资源;然后少数民族服饰显示出北方和南方、山区和草原的巨大差别,表现出不同的风格和特点;并且少数民族服饰中所表现出来的文化内容具有明显的层次性。朝鲜族多聚居于长白山附近的族群,那里地纯北方,严寒多风雪,森林草原宽阔,靠狩猪畜牧和种植作物为生,他们的服饰织物精美,花纹奇丽,色泽纯美。在众多少数民族的服饰的独树一帜,堪称一朵奇葩。。。。。。(中间是正文)。。。。结尾:朝鲜族服饰文化丰富而传统,留传千年。改革开放给朝鲜族人民的生活方式带来了很大的变化,商品经济的发展给原来封闭落后的少数民族山区注入了活力并传来了多方面的信息,其中也包括许多现代新潮时装的信息。服饰也在继承传统的基础上悄然发生着变化。主动地,有目的、有组织、有计划地引导服饰改革,在保持基本的民族用饰特点的前提下力求大方、美观、简洁、适用,便于生产生活,便于今后组织大规模机器生产,以适应现代化建设的需要。可以说,这既是现阶段朝鲜族民族服饰文化的发展趋势,也是现阶段中国少数民族服饰文化的一个特点。(这样写文章采取总分总结构,使各部分形成了综合有机的整体,结构饱满、前后关联,从文化、历史等多角度的阐释布线、文章有了脉络。首先在开头介绍了中国少数名族服饰的特点,自然地引出朝鲜族服饰,中间正文具体讲解,结尾总结朝鲜族服饰特点并介绍了将来的发展趋势,完美结束。 这是我个人的观点,你还可以在此基础上安你的个人需求进行适当修改。)
学术堂整理了20个服装设计论文题目,让你多一些选择:1、针织服装设计专业"微工作室"教学实践探讨2、谈中国传统元素在老年服装设计中的创新3、预售模式影响下的服装设计教学改革4、服装设计与两性关系初探5、纤维艺术在服装面料创意设计中的表现与应用6、定制服装的设计模式探讨分析7、民族服饰元素应用于现代服装设计中的价值探讨8、气冷式服装的设计及热舒适性评估9、服装吊挂流水线柔性输送机构的设计10、针织服装结构设计理论与方法11、服装设计中的色彩语言研究12、高职服装设计实训课程人才培养改革途径分析13、浅谈现代服装设计中的装饰手法14、民族民间艺术与服装设计专业教学的对接研究15、服装设计大赛对高等院校学生实践的影响16、"云层臆想"系列服装的设计与制作17、面向个性化定制服装设计的虚拟人台及快速成型技术研究18、牛仔服装中的装饰设计应用与效果表现19、服装面料的二次艺术设计探究20、现代服装设计中刺绣的运用手法探析
朝鲜族儿童多穿七彩上衣,色彩斑斓,好像彩虹在身,使孩子们显得更加聪慧可爱。中老年妇女多穿缠裙、长裙,冬天在上衣外加穿棉(皮)坎肩。缠裙为一幅未经缝合的裙料,由裙腰、裙摆、裙带组成。船形鞋是朝鲜族独有的鞋。鞋样像小船,鞋尖向上微翘,用人造革或橡胶制成,柔软舒适。男鞋一般是黑色,女鞋多为白色、天蓝色、绿色冬天上穿短大衣或棉、毛大衣,下穿灯笼裤。这种裤子裤长腰宽,裤裆和裤管肥大,便于在炕上盘腿而坐。穿时将裤腰前部折起后系上腰带,裤管下口用布带系绑。
想要设计出好的服装不难就是要靠信心只要有信心什么都可以做好相信自己的决定加油支持你
学术堂整理了20个服装设计论文题目,让你多一些选择:1、针织服装设计专业"微工作室"教学实践探讨2、谈中国传统元素在老年服装设计中的创新3、预售模式影响下的服装设计教学改革4、服装设计与两性关系初探5、纤维艺术在服装面料创意设计中的表现与应用6、定制服装的设计模式探讨分析7、民族服饰元素应用于现代服装设计中的价值探讨8、气冷式服装的设计及热舒适性评估9、服装吊挂流水线柔性输送机构的设计10、针织服装结构设计理论与方法11、服装设计中的色彩语言研究12、高职服装设计实训课程人才培养改革途径分析13、浅谈现代服装设计中的装饰手法14、民族民间艺术与服装设计专业教学的对接研究15、服装设计大赛对高等院校学生实践的影响16、"云层臆想"系列服装的设计与制作17、面向个性化定制服装设计的虚拟人台及快速成型技术研究18、牛仔服装中的装饰设计应用与效果表现19、服装面料的二次艺术设计探究20、现代服装设计中刺绣的运用手法探析
浅析中国历代服饰与文化 服饰是人类特有的劳动成果,它既是物质文明的结晶,又具精神文明的含意。人类社会经蒙昧、野蛮到文明时代,缓缓地行进了几十 万年。几乎是从服饰起源的那天起,人们就已将其生活习俗、审美情趣、色彩爱好,以及种种文化心态、宗教观念,都积淀于服饰之中,构筑成了服饰文化精神文明内涵。本文章将从中国历代服饰的介绍,探讨服饰文化体现的本色品味的经典风情和人类智慧的相通、相容性以及阶级观念在服装上的体现。原始社会服饰从出土文物方面考察,服饰史的源头,可上溯到原始社会旧石器时代晚期 。在北京周口店山顶洞人(距今万年左右)遗址中,发现有1枚骨针和141件钻孔的石、骨、贝、牙装饰品。中华服饰文化史由此发端。在纺织品出现之后,贯头衣已发展为一种定型服式,在相当长时期、极广阔的地域和较多的民族中普遍应用,基本上替代了旧石器时代部件衣着,成为人类服装的粗型。新石器时代除有笼统式服装外,还从一些陶塑遗物发现有冠、靴、头饰、佩饰。商周服饰由商代到西周,是区分等级的上衣下裳形制和冠服制度以及服章制度逐步确立的时期。西周时,等级制度逐步确立,周王朝设“司服”、“内司服”官职,掌管王室服饰。根据文献记载和出土文物分析,中国冠服制度,初步建立于夏商时期,到周代已完整完善 ,春秋战国之交被纳入礼治。从周代出土的人形文物看,服饰装饰虽繁简不同,但上衣下裳已分明,奠定了中国服装的基本形制。春秋战国服饰春秋战国时期织绣工艺的巨大进步,使服饰材料日益精细,品种名目日见繁多。工艺的传播,使多样、精美的衣着服饰脱颖而出。春秋战国时期,不仅王侯本人一身华服,从臣客卿也是足饰珠玑,腰金佩玉,衣裘冠履,均求贵重。古人佩玉,尊卑有度,并赋以人格象征 。影响所及,上层人士不论男女,都须佩带几件或成组列的美丽雕玉。春秋战国时期的衣着,上层人物的宽博、下层社会的窄小,已趋迥然。深衣有将身体深藏之意,是士大夫阶层居家的便服,又是庶人百姓的礼服,男女通用。春秋战国时期的衣服款式空前丰富多样,不仅表现于深衣和胡服。乐人有戴风兜帽的,舞人有长及数尺的袖子,有人还常戴鸱角或鹊尾冠,穿小袖长裙衣和斜露臂褶的下裳。这些都与多彩的社会生活相关。秦汉服饰这一时期的衣料较春秋战国时期丰富,深衣也得到了新的发展。特别在汉代,随着舆服制度的建立,服饰的官阶等级区别也更加严格。秦汉服装面料仍重锦绣。西汉建元三年、元狩四年,张骞奉命两次出使西域,开辟了中国与西方各国的陆路通道,成千上万匹丝绸源源外运,历魏晋隋唐,迄未中断,史称丝绸之路。于是,中华服饰文化传往世界。自秦而汉,深衣有了一些发展和变化。从东汉社会上层来看,通裁的袍服转入制度化。秦代服制与战国时无大差别,保持深衣的基本形制。西汉男女服装,仍沿袭深衣形式。不论单、绵,多是上衣和下裳分裁合缝连为一体,上下依旧不通缝、不通幅;外衣里面都有中衣及内衣,其领袖缘一并显露在外,成为定型化套装。下着紧口大裤,保持“褒衣大裙”风格。秦代服制,服色尚黑。汉代有了舆服制度。史书列有皇帝与群臣的礼服、朝服、常服等20余种。服饰上的等级差别已十分明显。主要表现在:冠服在因袭旧制的基础上,发展成为区分等级的基本标识;佩绶制度确立为区分官阶的标识。魏晋南北朝服饰魏晋和南北朝时期 ,等级服饰有所变革,民族服饰大为交融。冠帽已多用文人沿用的幅巾代替。魏初,文帝曹丕制定九品官位制度,“以紫绯绿三色为九品之别”。这一制度此后历代相沿杂而用之,直到元明。晋代的首服除幅巾为社会沿用之外,有官职的男子还戴小冠子,而冠上再加纱帽的称漆纱笼冠,本是两汉武士之制,传之又传,不仅用于男官员,并流传民间且男女通用。南北朝时,北方少数民族入主中原,人民错居杂处,政治、经济、文化风习相互渗透,形成大融合局面,服饰也因而改易发展。北方民族短衣打扮的袴褶渐成主流,不分贵贱、男女都可穿用。女子衣着“上俭下丰”。东晋末至齐、梁间,衣着为襦裙套装,原始于汉代,晋代时具有了上衣短小、下裙宽大的特色,流行一时。另一方面,少数民族服饰受汉朝典章礼仪影响,穿起了汉族服装。魏孝文帝推行华化政策,改拓跋姓氏,率“群臣皆服汉魏衣冠 ” 。原来鲜卑族穿着夹领小袖衣服这次改革旧俗,史称孝文改制,使秦汉以来冠服旧制得以赓续,推动了中华服饰文化的发展。隋唐服饰隋唐时期,中国由分裂而统一 ,由战乱而稳定,经济文化繁荣,服饰的发展无论衣料还是衣式,都呈现出一派空前灿烂的景象。隋唐时期男子冠服特点主要是上层人物穿长袍,官员戴幞头,百姓着短衫。直到五代,变化不大。天子、百官的官服用颜色来区分等级,用花纹表示官阶。隋唐女装富有时装性,往往由争奇的宫廷妇女服装发展到民间,被纷纷仿效,又往往受西北民族影响而别具一格。隋唐时期最时兴的女子衣着是襦裙,即短上衣加长裙,裙腰以绸带高系,几乎及腋下。唐代妇女的发饰多种多样,各有专名。女鞋一般是花鞋,多用锦绣织物、彩帛、皮革做成。唐人善于融合西北少数民族和天竺、波斯等外来文化,唐贞观至开元年间十分流行胡服新装。宋辽夏金元服饰宋代基本保留了汉民族服饰的风格 ,辽、西夏、金及元代的服饰则分别具有契丹、党项、女真及蒙古民族的特点。各民族服饰再度交流与融合。宋代服饰大致有官服、便服、遗老服等三式。宋代官服面料以罗为主,政府因五代旧制,每年要赠送亲贵大臣锦缎袍料,分七宋代灵鹫球纹锦袍等不同花色。官服服色沿袭唐制,三品以上服紫,五品以上服朱,七品以上服绿,九品以上服青。宋代官服又沿袭唐代章服的佩鱼制度,有资格穿紫、绯色公服的官员都须在腰间佩挂“鱼袋”,袋内装有金、银、铜制成的鱼,以区别官品。辽、西夏、金分别为中国古代契丹、党项、女真民族建立的政权,其服饰反映了在与汉民族进行长期文化交流中,各自发扬民族传统的发展轨迹。党项族妇女多着翻领胡服,领间刺绣精美。契丹、女真族一般穿窄袖圆领齐膝外衣,足下着长统靴,宜于马上作战射猎;妇女穿窄袖交领袍衫,长齐足背,都是左衽,正与汉人相反,所习惯穿用的钓墩传到内地曾广为流行。辽金政权考虑到与汉族杂处共存的现实,都曾设“南官”制度,以汉族治境内汉人,对汉族官员采用唐宋官服旧制。辽代以丝绸官服上山水鸟兽刺绣纹样区分官品,影响到明清官服的等级标识,金代则以官服上花朵纹样大小定尊卑,品级最低的用无纹或小菱纹的芝麻罗。契丹、女真男服因便于行动,也为汉人采用。元代参酌古今蒙汉服制,对上下官民服色等作了统一规定。汉官服式仍多为唐式圆领衣和幞头;蒙古族官员则穿合领衣,戴四方瓦楞帽;中下层为便于马上驰骋,最时兴腰间多褶的辫线袄子,戴笠子帽。元代每年举行10余次大朝会,届时万千官员穿同一颜色、式样并加饰纳石矢金锦珠宝的高级礼服,称作质孙服,糜费为历朝少有。这种服式到明代却被用作差役服装。明清服饰明代以汉族传统服装为主体 ,清代则以满族服装为大流。而两代上下层社会的服饰均有明显等级。上层社会的官服是权力的象征,历来受到统治阶级的重视。自唐宋以降,龙袍和黄色就为王室所专用。百官公服自南北朝以来紫色为贵。明朝因皇帝姓朱 ,遂以朱为正色 ,又因《论语》有“恶紫之夺朱也”,紫色自官服中废除不用。最有特色的是用“补子”表示品级。上层妇女中已着用高跟鞋,并有里高底、外高底之分。明代普通百姓的服装或长、或短、或衫、或裙,基本上承袭了旧传统,且品种十分丰富。服饰用色方面,平民妻女只能衣紫、绿、桃红等色,以免与官服正色相混;劳动大众只许用褐色。一般人的帽,除唐宋以来旧样依然流行外,朱元璋又亲自制订两种,颁行全国,士庶通用。一种是方桶状黑漆纱帽,称四方平定巾;一种是由六片合成的半球形小帽,称六合一统帽,取意四海升平、天下归一。清王朝时,以暴力手段推行剃发易服,按满族习俗统一男子服饰。顺治九年,钦定《服色肩舆条例》颁行,从此废除了浓厚汉民族色彩的冠冕衣裳。明代男子一律蓄发挽髻,着宽松衣,穿长统袜、浅面鞋;清时则剃发留辫,辫垂脑后,穿瘦削的马蹄袖箭衣、紧袜、深统靴。但官民服饰依律泾渭分明。清代官服主要品种为长袍马褂。官帽与前朝截然不同,凡军士、差役以上军政人员都戴似斗笠而小的纬帽,按冬夏季节有暖帽、凉帽之分,还视品级高低安上不同颜色、质料的“顶子”,帽后拖一束孔雀翎。翎称花翎,高级的翎上有“眼”,并有单眼、双眼、三眼之别,眼多者为贵,只有亲王或功勋卓著的大臣才被赏戴。皇帝有时还赏穿黄马褂,以示特别恩宠。影响所及,其他颜色的马褂遂在官员士绅中逐渐流行,成为一般的礼服。四、五品以上官员还项挂朝珠,用各种贵重珠宝、香木制成,构成清代官服的又一特点。丝纺绣染及各种手工专业的进步,为清代服饰品种的丰富创造了条件。清代女装,汉、满族发展情况不一。汉族妇女在康熙 、雍正时期还保留明代款式,时兴小袖衣和长裙;乾隆以后 ,衣服渐肥渐短,袖口日宽,再加云肩,花样翻新无可底止;到晚清时都市妇女已去裙着裤,衣上镶花边、滚牙子,一衣之贵大都花在这上面。满族妇女着“旗装”,梳旗髻,穿“花盆底”旗鞋。至于后世流传的所谓旗袍,长期主要用于宫廷和王室。清代后期,旗袍也为汉族中的贵妇所仿用。现代服饰 (1912年以来)辛亥革命结束了2000多年的封建君主专制,中华民族的服饰进入了新时代。在此之前,改良主义者康有为于1894年、外交大臣伍廷芳于宣统初年,曾上书改革服制和服式;中国留学生也改穿西装。随着中外交流的加强,五彩纷呈的服装终于冲垮了衣冠等级制度。传统的袍、衫、袄、裤、裙越来越多地接受西方服饰影响,并被许多新品种新款式取而代之。男装,民国初年出现西装革履与长袍马褂并行不悖的局面。穿着中西装都戴礼帽,被认为是最庄重的服饰。20年代前后出现中山装,逐渐在城市普及。广大农村一直沿用传统的袄裤,头戴毡帽或斗笠,脚着自家缝纳的布鞋。女装,辛亥革命带来了多样化,一身袄裤之外,又多穿用袄裙套装。20年代以来,妇女喜爱旗袍,旗袍逐渐成为时装而不衰。中华人民共和国建立后,服饰崇尚简朴实用 。50~70年代,中山装渐成男子主体服装,此外流行过军便装,人民装;女装受苏联影响,连衣裙风靡城市,此外还流行过列宁装等。但在农村,上衣下裤一直是大多数农民的传统装束。1978年后,中国实行改革开放政策,体现时代精神,具有中华民族特色的服饰如雨后春笋般发展起来,面貌簇新。
简单的说就是品质监控部门的质检员,主要工作就是检查成品的品质,每个公司的产品检验标注不同,都会有自己的一套检验标准。不同于半成品的检验,成品检验相对来说较为简单。具体的条件还真不好说,这个职位按照普遍的水准来说属于蓝领阶层(当然除了一些大型公司的或者奢侈品品牌),学历要求不会很高,无色盲色弱,会操作公软件的应该问题都不大吧。以上回答是按照本人所接触到的相关从业人员的情况为基准。
我十分喜欢他的穿搭,因为他的穿搭简约而又不失个性,看起来张扬,但这正是他个性的表现。他的时尚表现力也十分强。
《瑞丽》《时尚杂志》、《好主妇》、《舞台与人生》、《服装时报》、《女性大世界》、《昕薇》、...
《ceci》(中文名《姐妹》)类似于《时尚》《VOGUE》《ELLE》的韩国本土时装杂志~现在也有中国版,各大报停有售~
日本杂志:GAL系1.《ViVi》2.《PINKY》3.《Sweet》4.《Scawaii》5.《Glamorous》6.《JELLY》 7.《Glitter》8.《WoofinGirl》9.《BOAO》10.《Blenda》11.《ElleGirl》12.《HappieNuts》少女街头系1.《nonno》2.《mina》3.《seventeen》4.《soup》5.《PS》6.《popteen》7.《zipper》 8.《mini》9.《ranzuki》10.《kera》11.《spring》12.《seda》13.《cutie》14.《egg》15.《cawaii》16.《nicola》17.《street》 18.《anan》19.《jille》20.《fruits》21.《looks》22.《love berry》23.《fine》24.《spy girl》25.《steady》26.《hanachu》27.《nadesico》28.《honey girl》29.《haco》欧美田园系1.《装苑》2.《smart》3.《vogue》4.《spur》5.《ginza》6.《figaro》 7.《elle》8.《fudge》9.《high fashion》10.《luire》11.《nikita》12.《意大利原版》13.《bazaar》优雅OL派1.《cancam》2.《ray》3.《more》4.《with》5.《oggi》6.《style》 7.《miss》8.《anecan》9.《classy》10.《baila》11.《voi》12.《luci》13.《grazia》14.《very》15.《saita》16.《voi prink》 17.《25ans》18.《lee》19.《in red》20.《domani》21.《image》22.《precious》23.《grace》24.《ミセス》25.《story》26.《rapty》 27.《ryuryu》男装系列杂志1.《smart》2.《mens nonno》3.《street》4.《ollie》5.《popeye》6.《fine boys》 7.《huge》8.《boon》9.《cool trans》10.《bidan》11.《invitation》12.《fine》13.《mens voi》14.《gq japan》15.《tune》16.《street jack》 17.《411》18.《mens ex》19.《begin》20.《warp》21.《uomo》22.《samurai》23.《mens club》24.《egg》25.《joker》26.《cazicazi》27.《cover》28.《mens brands》29.《mens digger》败金共和国1.《发型》2.《smart》3.《voce》4.《maquia》5.《bargain》6.《joy》 7.《美的》8.《anan》9.《ageha》10.《beas up》11.《nail max》12.《uresta》13.《hair mode》14.《chouchou》15.《chokichoki》16.《jewelry》 17.《brands off》18.《wedding》19.《裁剪》20.《纹身》21.《tattoo burst》22.《oz magazine》23.《tomotomo》24.《preppy》25.《monomax》26.《家庭画报》27.《fytte》28.《body》29.《婚纱》30.《nail up》31.《美人百花》32.《nailvenus》33.《美甲》34.《af imp》35.《时计begin》36.《cure》37.《style book》38.《内衣》39.《美容》韩国杂志比较有名的是:《ceci》《VOGUE》《Instyle》
如下:
1、 浅谈中国货币制度的变革。
2、 浅谈中国古代土地制度。
3、 何谓“封臣建国”。
4、 浅谈中国古代农民战争的性质、影响和意义。
5、 浅谈汉民族的形成史。
6、 浅谈古代西域经济文化。
7、 古代东北的民族兴起与衰落。
8、 古汉语“普通话”的变革。
9、 唐代的宗教文化。
10、古代民俗服饰的演变。
想要设计出好的服装不难就是要靠信心只要有信心什么都可以做好相信自己的决定加油支持你
1 汉服的来源 由于我们是一个慎终追远的民族,所以尽管商周确实存在过较为接近对襟的式样,但整体上我们一直保留了祖先最初的选择……这是交领右衽的由来。至于长袖和宽袖,可能是在财富积累后上层产生的习俗,但由于当年孔子重视大袖(缝掖之衣)所以成为了士人装饰的必备元素和突出特征(当然,也反应了我们的生活观念)。 约五千年前,中国在新石器时代的仰韶文化时期,人们的生活日趋稳定,产生了原始的农业和纺织业,开始用织成的麻布来做衣服,后又发明了饲蚕和丝纺,人们的衣冠服饰日臻完备。随着生产力和社会分工的发展,原始社会的解体,人类社会发展进程出现了一个质的变化,从无阶级社会过渡到了阶级社会。从此,衣冠服饰便成了统治阶级"昭名分,辨等威"的工具。黄帝时代冕冠的出现标志着等级的差别。开始有了区别贵贱的黼黻,尊卑贵*,各有分别,服饰制度逐渐形成。 2 汉服的概念 汉服即汉族服饰的简称: 主要是指明末以前,在自然的文化发展和民族交融过程中形成的汉族服饰。 汉服作为一种独立服饰体系,在历史的传承与发展中,形成了独特的文化背景和民族风貌,即已形成了鲜明的风格特色,并且明显区别于我国其它民族,及世界任何一个民族的传统服装,更与现代服饰在制式风格上有着质的不同。 汉族服饰博大精深。因为其历史悠久,应用地域广泛,并在不断的创新与融合中发展演变,使得对中国服饰研究较少的人难以把握,而作为一个大的服饰体系,不能仅以表象和简单的制式来界定汉服,而应以其主导风格为界定标准。 所以汉服的界定标准可以用以下文字进行表述:“上溯炎黄,下至宋明,汉(先秦时期则为华夏)族人民所穿著的服饰为基础,并在此基础上自然发展演变而形成的一种明显具有独特风格的一系列服饰的集 3 汉服的民族属性和文化属性。 汉服为汉族民族服饰,曾一度为满清所灭。汉服目前依然处于艰难的恢复期,远未到达国人尽知的程度,作为汉服指导者的网站,不能淡化汉服的消亡史,这是尊重客观历史,揭示汉服现实地位,警示民族未来的需要。 汉服的确是汉族民族文化的一部分,但是与琴棋书画等汉族其他的民族文化相比,汉服一度灭绝达三百余年,在民族文化界,汉服依然缺乏其应有的地位和荣耀。在这样的情况下,仅仅把汉服作为民族文化的一部分来宣扬汉服,显然为时尚早。若非要以汉服的文化意义为主旨,不妨以“汉服兴趣”为名,而不该冠以所谓的“汉服运动”,或者“汉服复兴”来吸引眼球。 四,汉服重现与中国的文艺复兴 在汉服在中国消失了360年后的今天,笔者欣慰的看到全国各地都开始有越来越多的人,怀着复兴中国文化满腔热情,穿著华夏传统服饰。汉服的复苏不仅仅是给给中国增加了美丽的服装,更是是中华民族文艺复兴的前兆。 对于很多不了解中国人来说,中国曾经领先世界文明的风采象是一个似有似无的幻影,或干脆是一个虚幻出来的安慰剂。记得当我第一次看到客观的西方历史学家说中国人是世界上最勤劳、最善良、最没有侵略性的民族,也是古代对世界文明贡献最大的民族之一,也是世界上最爱好和平、爱好创造、最不具有侵略性的民族,我还不相信是真的。当我加入了解中国历史、知道中国古代文明辉煌成就的同胞行列,就和他们一样,中国有朝一日的文艺复兴的愿望,就成为内心中永远摆脱不了的情节。 今天在全世界都有中国各种优秀的人才、勤奋的劳工艰苦的工作,连那些沙特阿拉伯亿万富翁的富丽堂皇的宫殿,以色列街头各种各样的现代建筑,都浇灌着中国劳工的辛勤汗水。可是,我们却发现中国同胞也常常是受苦最多、得到报酬却是最小的人。世界先进国家如西方各国、日本的成就,也是需要几百年来无数劳动的积累,但是,他们每代人的努力所积累的宝贵经验教训,都能够传给下一代,使得下一代在一个高的起点向更高的目标发展。这有何尝不是古代中国领先世界的诀窍?而在近几百年来,中国同胞却总是经历各种内忧外患,战乱不断。别的国家人民经过劳动,积累的财富和经验可以传到下一代,我们汉民族却在那些不断的战乱中,一次又一次的重零开始。实现中国的文艺复兴,让我们的子孙能够摆脱我们的烦恼,安居乐业,生活幸福,是每一个心地善良的中国人盼望已久的。中国应该怎样实现文艺复兴是热爱中国人民的同胞反复思考的问题。 古话常说:"知音难寻",无论是家庭还是社会上的群体,如果一起分享美带来的享受,他们之间的感情就会越来深。我们常常看到一起看戏的戏迷`一起练习书法的书法家`欣赏某一类音乐的歌迷,聚在一起时候都有说不完的话,他们不仅仅是志趣相投,在生活上也会相互帮助。 其实一个民族的凝聚力,一个国家的凝聚力,又何尝不是如此。在世界上有凝聚力的国家,都有着自己独特的文化,包括民族服饰`民族音乐`民族艺术,其人民在享受共同的美感中,学会相互尊敬,社会和睦,彼此感情不断的加深,民族的亲和力也不断地加强。 华夏民族曾经是一个文明长期领先于世界各国的民族,华夏民族的先辈在创造光辉灿烂的文明时,正是有这样强烈的民族亲和力在背后起着巨大的作用。这其中,华夏民族的传统服饰又起着不可磨灭的作用。华夏民族传统服饰可以说起源最早世界上流传时间最长民族服饰。根据史纪,早在至少四千多年前,华夏民族的服装风格就开始流传,华夏民族还发明了丝绸锦缎,让中国的服饰水平远远超过其他民族。延续千年的“丝绸之路”,就是华夏民族服饰美被世界各国所钦佩的最好的见证。也是华夏先辈高度智慧和展示艺术美感最好的见证。 汉民族传统服饰是华夏先辈高度智慧和艺术才能的结晶,可以说是几千年以来,是社会成员彼此融洽相处的媒介,也是华夏民族共同辛勤劳动`发明创造`享受天伦之乐的环境。我们可以毫不夸张地说,它的魅力,曾经让全世界所倾倒。 遗憾的是,华夏民族传统服饰在屠杀和暴力中被断送了。在屠刀下汉服的消失和文字狱。都是清代反动统治阶级为了他们的私利,压制华夏文化,便於愚民统治的结果。伴随着的,是中国从世界最发达的国家沦落到最贫穷的国家,从领先世界的大国沦落到半殖民地,中国从一个和睦`融洽的社会变成缺乏认同`缺乏彼此同情关怀的场所。而这不仅仅使我们民族再和外族入侵中吃了无数的大亏,也使我们的民族把聪明才智浪费在无数的内耗内斗中,让我们的国家久久不能赶上世界先进文明,也让中国人民经历了不知道多少磨难。 尽管今天满清反动统治者早已被抛弃了历史的垃圾堆,但是他们的流毒远远每肃清。他们的文字狱让我国有无数宝贵的文化遗产失传,汉民族传统服装,就是其中之一。这样做到恶果,使得我们后人不但不能够借鉴我们自己祖先文明成果,在更高的基础上再发展,而且让社会习惯于蔑视百姓的文化和尊严,丧失了社会的和睦,也丧失了我们国家的凝聚力。今天我们可以看到很多民族虚无主义者,以为我们的祖先光辉灿烂的文化一钱不值。盲目崇拜西方文化。甚至有人把西方性自由、身穿三点式的选美等糟粕当作先进文化来大加宣扬。这种缺乏自信、自爱、自强精神的现象,和当初反动统治者用血腥暴力取消汉服装,扼杀汉文化、丧失了华夏民族自尊心的罪行是分不开的。 满清统治者是靠暴力掠夺劳动人民财富起家的反动政权。他们用屠刀强迫中国人民废除华夏传统服装,改用满清服装,不是为了人民的享乐,而是为了奴役。他们没有任何审美的观念。尽管满清反动统治阶级已经灭亡,可是他们对中国造成的破坏,包括对汉民族传统服装的破坏并没有恢复,我们民族的凝聚力也并没有恢复。 今天多少人在实际上都不知道华夏祖先是曾经有着光辉灿烂文明,不知道华夏先辈的智慧和美的升华到底是什麽。更有人以当中国人为耻,台独分子就利用这点来宣传“中国猪”的愚蠢。丑陋的满清旗装使得多少中国人觉得自己的民族没有智慧发明美的东西。竟然有香港的女孩子传着日本和服招摇过市,以次为美,完全不知道和服是华夏文明传播到日本,被学习和保留的结果。这实在让每一个热爱自己同胞的炎黄子孙痛心疾首。 然而在中国,有一群汉民族文化的爱好者,他们热爱着自己的国家和人民,有着复兴中华文化强烈愿望。为了实现这个愿望,我们当中一些朋友决定从复兴汉民族传统服装入手,把我国由于过去种种失传的种种文化精华再次发扬光大。让我国人民能够在美的享受中增加民族凝聚力。他们当中的有心人经过多年研究、相互合作探讨,终於挖掘出了我国古代传统服装的奥秘,今天更还有人勇开风气之先,把这些民族文化遗产呈现在中国的街头。 今天有多少华人热切盼望着中国的文艺复兴。什么叫文艺复兴?在欧洲有一段黑暗的历史时期,统治阶级压制古希腊、古罗马文化文明成果,结果造成了文明发展的严重停滞。文艺复兴,就是从回复古希腊雕塑、绘画艺术开始,重新吸收了欧洲古代社会各种文明成就。结果一直导致了工业大革命和技术爆炸。造成了西方列国由落后变强大。我国在清代反动统治阶级的屠刀下,汉民族文化被压抑,民族服装被禁止,发式被迫改变,和西方黑暗时期多么相似。而在中国华下传统服装被恢复,和其它各民族服装百花齐放,相互促进,不正是中华民族文艺复兴的开始吗? 汉民族传统的服装的复兴,意味着我们国家不再存在用暴力压制民族文化的现象,意味着人民重新欣赏自己民族先人的才华和智慧,并为之自豪,意味着在不久的将来,中国的和睦和向心力将要恢复到中国古代飞速发展的时代。 今天,有人故意把屠杀、掠夺、奴役汉族人民的满清反动统治者,和少数民族中勤奋劳动、安居乐业的无辜人民混为一谈。在我们提倡肃清满清统治者流毒、促进中华文艺复兴的的时候,他们就说这是诬蔑所有的少数民族,扣上大汉族主义、破坏民族团结的大帽子,企图扼杀这样的复兴。他们这样做,实际上是根本不把中国人民的幸福放在自己考虑之中。他们没有把汉族当成同胞,对他们不是同情和关怀,而是充满了算计。 中国的文艺复兴不是针对任何少数民族的复仇,过去那些在中国土地上野蛮屠杀、掠夺的强盗早已不在人世,我们对他们的后代没有任何仇恨,更不会对任何少数民族无辜的人民有仇恨。但是我们必肃清满清流毒,提倡中国的文艺复兴。这是为了中华民族恢复古代社会的创造能力,象古代那样再次领先世界文明。是为了社会更加和睦,社会成员彼此认同,相互关怀。是为了我们的子孙能够继承先辈的智慧、经验和教训。归根到底,这不仅仅是为了汉民族人民的幸福,也是全中国各族人民的幸福。 今天,在全国各地勇敢地穿上华夏传统服装的年轻人,正是中华民族文艺复兴的先驱,也是我们国家的希望。当华夏民族的传统服装,真实地深入在中国社会中,和各民族服装一起,百花齐放,百家争鸣,当华夏民族先辈在服饰上高度智慧和高度艺术的结晶实实在在地展现在人们面前的时候,古代的辉煌就不再是幻影。我们的心态就不会再自卑和自狂中恶性循环,而是能够以更健康的心态,吸收和发扬中国和世界各国丰富的文明成果。 一个民族的凝聚力,就像一个家庭的凝聚力一样,使彼此认同`彼此相互关心爱护的结果。我们相信,随着汉民族传统文化的恢复,华夏民族将恢复了彼此认同,恢复对辛勤劳动`不断发明创造的先辈和群体的尊敬,就会恢复融洽和睦,恢复彼此相互的关心爱护。当炎黄子孙一起享受千年来先辈享受的服饰美,就会在潜移默化中,把一个彼此不信任的社会,一个相互关心帮助,意味着中国人民的聪明智慧,不再讲消耗在无谓内耗中。本人衷心希望,汉民族服装能够在炎黄子孙中传播开来,让华夏民族服装重放异彩,成为中国文艺复兴的重要里程碑。
古代奴婢制度的演变
这个很宽范的,首先你要说明什么是服饰文化以及研究其的意义。然后你要确定要研究差别或者共性还是其他什么,从各个时期的服饰的变迁来说明服饰文化的变化。建议你选择西方对中方的影响,因为现代中国的服饰已经随意西方大流而发展,为什么会出现这样的现象呢?是好还是不好?再根据你的专业或者你写这篇文章的目的确立一个意义。
隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面,从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在,下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异,中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。(一)red(红色)无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中,这些日子常用红色字体,因此,red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”例如:红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine (二) yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(下流的玩笑), blue films(黄色电影)等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先,中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关:中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给新郎,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次,造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史,无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧,都起源于民间,并与原始人祭祀神灵,欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史,它发展快,成就高,在世界上的影响很... 类别:毕业论文 大小:95 KB 日期:2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临,中国与外界的交流越来越频繁,特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界,如同一个大家庭,参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因,各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增,同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现,跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道,这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别:毕业论文 大小:96 KB 日期:2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征:儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗,宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰,以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线,在思想上追求人格的完美,以“谦谦君... 类别:毕业论文 大小:90 KB 日期:2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:88 KB 日期:2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年,西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化;西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天,中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别:毕业论文 大小:100 KB 日期:2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天,旅游业风风火火地发展起来了,作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来,且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世,这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机,但世界上酒店发展规模空前,...