It's so difficult!它真太难了！
哈姆雷特是具有新型世界观的文武全才,是朵举世瞩目的娇花,如果登上王位,自然是开明君主的典范。在他身上,寄托着国家与民族复兴的希望,体现出资产阶级对统一国家的理想。 哈姆雷特性格特征。 ⑴ 忧郁 A.忧郁之源----理想破灭 一系列伤天害理的事变突然发生,打破了他关于人生、世界、爱情、友谊、前途等一系列人文主义的幻想。 人类,并不美好,下贱的克牢狄斯一旦爬上王位,很多人对他阿谀逢迎,"如今诚实的人,一万个人中也没有一个! " 为了篡权,弟弟居然暗杀自己的哥哥 ---- "人,不过是泥土捏成的生命!" 人间,是长满恶毒莠草的荒原。 世界，就是一座大监狱,而丹麦,又是其中最坏的一间。 爱情,也不坚贞,父王死去不到两个月,母亲的孝鞋还没有穿旧,居然匆匆地改嫁奸王,钻进乱伦的衾被, 就是畜牲也会比这悲哀得长久些吧? 友谊,也不可靠,一个个好友,为了一己的私利,甘做奸王的暗探来窥视行踪;就连信誓旦旦的情人,也不自觉成为篡权者的工具。 纵目四望,奸王邪恶、群臣昏聩、朝廷腐败、上层堕落,这是一个颠倒混乱的时代! 理想破灭,使他承受不了这超负荷的压力,陷入于精神危机,产生了忧郁。 B.忧郁之深 深刻洞察力 ---- 他以哲学家的深刻洞察力,解剖现实,深揭被掩盖着的社会罪恶，使其忧郁积重难返。 继续探索 ---- 他在精神危机里继续进行精神探索,又发现更新,更严重的社会罪恶,这些新的罪恶又带来他忧郁的进一步升级,达到常人达不到的深度与广度。 C.忧郁之久 忧郁 ---- 贯穿剧目的始终。 从他穿着丧服登场,到古堡待父,到破相装疯,到戏中作戏,到后宫劝母,到海上窥奸,到墓场葬礼,到宫庭比武,一直到他最后毁灭,忧郁一直没有离开过他。 因而, 没有忧郁,也就没有哈姆雷特。 ⑵犹豫 A.犹豫原因 敌强我弱---- 他知已知彼,正确的估计了敌我力量的对比过于悬殊。 整个时代已经颠倒混乱, 而拯救者只有一个人, 那就是 "倒霉的我!"寄全部希望于自己,这样,以一人之力对抗整个社会,他深知这场斗争的长期性、艰巨性、复杂性和危险性,导致他行动的犹豫。 任务艰巨----既要为父报仇,又要扭转乾坤,一身二任。 这种独扭乾坤的重任与势孤力单的矛盾,只能产生"难扭乾坤"的哀叹: 一个任务尚且力不从心,何况两个?这就带来他行动的双重犹豫。 B.犹豫表现 拙于行动 ---- 他是哲学家而不是实干家,他敏于思索而拙于行动,他在没有切实可行、十拿九稳的办法之前,只会冥思苦想,他从思考到行动需要一个比常人更为复杂的过程。 不知如何行动 ---- 他决心行动而又不知如何行动, 他很不容易等到一个杀掉奸王的机会,克牢狄斯在祈祷,只需抽刀一击,就能为父报仇,然而,灵魂进入天堂还是滚入地狱的无用考虑又使他错过了这千载难逢的机会。 C.犹豫结果 等待时机,而时机不来,一旦到来,又坐失良机;幻想行动,却一拖再拖,空有报国之心,而无匡世之策,只落得个苦闷彷徨,忧郁犹豫。 结果,行动的犹豫,导致了他的毁灭。 4．哈姆雷特形象的意义: 哈姆雷特的毁灭， 向我们揭示了人文主义的时代悲剧。 客观上,阶级力量对比的悬殊，敌强我弱; 主观上，自身具有不可克服的忧郁、犹豫等弱点。 因而他的毁灭，不只是个人的原因，而是那个时代人文主义者不可超越的历史局限性所导致的。 主要人物：克劳狄斯、奥菲利娅 4、反映的16世纪末英国现实：动荡不安、危机四伏的国家；恶人当道、阴谋成风的朝庭；奸诈残暴、荒淫奢侈的统治者。――英国现实中存在的美好理想与丑恶现实之间的矛盾，号召人们为重整乾坤而斗争。 5、哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者。复杂的性格。有崇高的理想，和人类与世界新颖的看法。目光敏锐，思考深刻，又有高度的社会责任感。但过于内向，过于审慎，；加上势单力薄的处境，造成行动上的延宕。有行动的决心，而且不断督促自己，但最后只能与敌人同归于尽。 6、悲剧原因：哈姆雷特自身的心理弱点，也有罪恶势力过于强大的客观原因，是时代的悲剧，也是人文主义者的悲剧。 7、形象塑造手法：首先，塑造一个性格复杂的，发展变化的形象。其次，在发展中，内外双重矛盾过程中展示人物性格的复杂性和演变过程，用独白和旁白表现人物的思想矛盾，表现思考、认识与自责、怀疑。 8、克劳狄斯形象：封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，集封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。 9、哈姆雷特延宕的原因：首先，认为应该有正当的名分，必须让克的罪行得到证实并当众暴露；其次，自己的行动能否起到惩罚罪恶，重整乾坤的目的。 哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者的特点，性格发展的阶段性，延宕问题，精神分析学解释的再思考。《哈姆雷特》的艺术特点：情节的生动丰富，个性鲜明的人物形象，广阔的社会背景，多种艺术成分的融合。
Throughout Shakespeare's plays, the maintenance of identity is a very common conflict, as it was shown in Hamlet. In this play Shakespeare has portrayed young Hamlet to convey the two sides to him; one side shows his insane behaviour towards his family, the other side determines his thoughts of either doing right or wrong according to what he has seen. The play trembles with conflicts: one being identity, which shows all the characters in different disputes of their own. We also see the problems of lack of self-confidence, misjudgement, and by imran. Unlike Hamlet's first two major soliloquies, the third and most famous speech seems to be governed by reason and not frenzied emotion. Unable to do little but wait for completion of his plan to "catch the conscience of the king", Hamlet sparks an internal philosophical debate on the advantages and disadvantages of existence, and whether it is one's right to end his or her own life. Some scholars limit Hamlet's discussion to a deliberation of whether he should take his own life. "Yet nothing anywhere in the speech relates it to Hamlet's individual case. He uses the pronouns 'we' and 'us', the indefinite 'who', the impersonal infinitive. He speaks explicitly of 'us all', of what 'flesh' is heir to, of what 'we' suffer at the hands of 'time' or 'fortune' - which serves incidentally to indicate what for Hamlet is meant by 'to be'" (Jenkins 489). Hamlet asks the question for all dejected souls -- is it nobler to live miserably or to end one's sorrows with a single stroke? He knows that the answer would be undoubtedly "yes" if death were like a dreamless sleep. The "rub" or obstacle Hamlet faces is the fear of "what dreams may come" (74), . the "dread of something after death" (86). Hamlet is well aware that suicide is condemned by the church as a mortal sin. Hamlet's soliloquy is interrupted by Ophelia who is saying her prayers. Hamlet addresses her as "Nymph", a courtly salutation common in the Renaissance. Some critics argue that Hamlet's greeting is strained and coolly polite, and his request that she remembers him in her prayers is sarcastic. However, others claim that Hamlet, emerging from his moment of intense personal reflection, genuinely implores the gentle and innocent Ophelia to pray for him. 这只有三四百个字是我摘的 给你一个网站 里面很多 都是关于哈姆雷特的评论
Hamlet and Ophelia, by Dante Gabriel RossettiPrince Hamlet is the main character in Shakespeare's tragedy of HamletPerhaps the most straightforward view sees Hamlet as seeking truth in order to be certain that he is justified in carrying out the revenge called for by a ghost that claims to be the spirit of his father. The most standard view is that Hamlet is highly indecisive, which is the view as proposed by Coleridge, and a number of other critics. "Shakespeare wished to impress upon us the truth, that action is the chief end to existence". The 1948 movie with Laurence Olivier in the title role is introduced by a voiceover: "This is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind.". Eliot offers a similar view of Hamlet's character in his critical essay, "Hamlet and His Problems" (The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism). He states, "We find Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' not in the action, not in any quotations that we might select, so much as in an unmistakable tone...".Others see Hamlet as a person charged with a duty that he both knows and feels is right, yet is unwilling to carry out. In this view, all of his efforts to satisfy himself of King Claudius' guilt, or his failure to act when he can, are evidence of this unwillingness, and Hamlet berates himself for his inability to carry out his task. After observing a play-actor performing a scene, he notes that the actor was moved to tears in the passion of the story and compares this passion for an ancient Greek character, Hecuba, in light of his own situation:Hamlet reclines next to Ophelia in Edwin Austin Abbey's The Play Scene in Hamlet"O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!Is it not monstrous that this player here,But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,Could force his soul so to his own conceitThat from her working all his visage wan'd;Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect,A broken voice, and his whole function suitingWith forms to his conceit? And all for nothing!For Hecuba?What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,That he should weep for her?" […]Etymology of HamletHamlet’s name is one filled with meaning and controversy. The name Hamlet occurs as early as the tenth century. His name is easily derived in form from Belleforest and the lost play from Amlethus of Saxo, and remaining in this form is then derived from its Latin form of the old Jutish Amlethoe. From this point the name can be divided into sections with common meanings. In terms of etymology the root name of Hamlet is an Icelandic noun, Amlooi, meaning ‘fool.’ However this name is derived from the way that Hamlet acts in the play and is not in all actuality the true Etymology of the name since the meaning is found through the actions of Hamlet. The second way of translating the name is by analyzing the noun aml-ooi into ‘raving mad’ and the second half, amla into ‘routine’. Later these names were incorporated into Irish dialect as Amlodhe. As phonetic laws took their course the name’s spelling changed eventually leaving it as Amlaidhe. This Irish name was given to a hero in a common folk story. The route of this name is ‘furious, raging, wild.’ These are all meanings of which Shakespeare would have been aware of when deciding on the name for his longest play.[1]AsimovAnother view of Hamlet, advanced by Isaac Asimov in his Guide to Shakespeare, holds that his actions are attributable not to indecision, but to multiple motivations: his desire to avenge the wrong done to his father, coupled with his own ambition to succeed to the throne. The tragic error committed by Hamlet, in Asimov's view, is his overreaching wish to see Claudius damned, and not merely dead, which prevents him from killing Claudius at the opportune of the ReformationMarcellus, Horatio, Hamlet, and the Ghost by Henry has also been suggested that Hamlet's hesitations may also be rooted in the religious beliefs of Shakespeare's time. The Reformation had generated debate about the existence of purgatory (where King Hamlet claims he currently resides). The concept of purgatory is a Catholic one, and was frowned on in Protestant England. It is possible that Hamlet's own logic ought to be taken seriously. Hamlet says that he will not kill his uncle because death would send him straight to heaven, while his father (having died without foreknowledge of his death) is in purgatory doing penance for his. Hamlet's opportunity to kill his uncle comes just after the uncle has supposedly made his peace with God. Hamlet says that he would much rather take a stab at the murderer while he is frolicking in the incestuous sheets, or gambling and drinking, so he could be sure of his going straight to interpretationErnest Jones, following the work of Freud, held that Hamlet suffered from the 'Oedipus complex'. He said in his essay "The Oedipus-Complex as An Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery: A Study in Motive":His moral fate is bound up with his uncle's for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mother's husband, whether this is the first or the second; the latter call is strongly "repressed," and therefore necessarily the former , Harold Bloom did a "Shakespearean Criticism" of Freud's work in a mirror of the audienceInnokenty Smoktunovsky as Hamlet in the acclaimed 1964 film by Grigori has also been suggested that Hamlet, who is described by Ophelia as "th’ expectancy and rose of the fair state, / The glass of fashion and the mould of form" (Act III, Scene i, lines 148-9), is ultimately a reflection of all of the interpretations possessed by other characters in the play—and perhaps also by the members of an audience watching him. Polonius, most obviously, has a habit of misreading his own expectations into Hamlet’s actions ("Still harping on my daughter!"), though many other characters in the play participate in analogous has a similar tendency to interpret all of her son’s activities as the result of her "o’erhasty marriage" alone. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tend to find the stalled ambitions of a courtier in their former schoolmate’s behaviour, whereas Claudius seems to be concerned with Hamlet’s motivation only so far as it reveals the degree to which his nephew is a potential threat. Ophelia, like her father, waits in vain for Hamlet to give her signs of affection, and Horatio would have little reason to think that Hamlet was concerned with anything more pressing than the commandment of the ghost. And the First Gravedigger seems to think that Prince Hamlet, like that "whoreson mad fellow” Yorick, is simply insane without any need for explanation. Several critics, including Stephen Booth and William Empson have further investigated the analogous relationship between Hamlet, the play, and its , over the last four centuries Prince Hamlet has become an icon in the entire western consciousness: the definition of what it means to be intelligent, and perhaps, fully 's parallels with other charactersOne aspect of Hamlet's character is the way in which he reflects other characters, including the play's primary antagonist, Claudius. In the play within a play, for instance, Gonzago, the king, is murdered in the garden by his nephew, Lucianus; although King Hamlet is murdered by his brother, in the Mousetrap , the regicide is a nephew, like Prince Hamlet. However, it is also worth noting that each of the characters in the play-within-a-play maps to two major characters in Hamlet, an instance of the play's many doubles:Lucianus, like Hamlet, is both a regicide and a nephew to the king; like Claudius, he is a regicide that operates by pouring poison into Player King, like Hamlet, is an erratic melancholic; like King Hamlet, he is poisoned via his ear while reclining in his Player Queen, like Ophelia, attends to a character that is "so far from cheer and from [a] former state"; like Gertrude, she remarries a is also, in some form, a reflection of most other characters in the play (or perhaps vice versa):Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Pyrrhus are all avenging sons. Hamlet and Laertes both blame Claudius for the death of their fathers. Hamlet and Pyrrhus are both seized by inaction at some point in their respective narratives and each avenges his father. Hamlet and Fortinbras both have plans that are thwarted by uncles that are also , Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Osric and Polonius are all , his father, Bernardo, Marcellus, Francisco, Fortinbras and several other characters are all and his father share a name (as do Fortinbras and his father).Hamlet, Horatio, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Laertes are all , his father, Gertrude and Claudius are all members of the Royal Family. Each of them is also killed by poison -- poison that Claudius is responsible and Ophelia are each rebuked by their surviving parent in subsequent scenes; the surviving parent of each happens to be of the opposite gender. Both also enter scenes reading books and there is a contrast between the (possibly) pretend madness of Hamlet and the very real insanity of , Horatio, Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Claudius are each "lawful espials" at some point in the play.
从哈姆雷特性格分析看他悲剧的必然性A Character Analysis of Shakespeare's “Hamlet” 哈姆雷特悲剧的原因分析The Reason Analysis of Hamlet Tragedy 论哈姆雷特的悲剧Comments on the Tragedy of Hamlet 论约翰济慈作品中所体现出的“美”The Beauty in the Works of John Keats 浅谈阿甘正传中所折射出的女权主义The Feminism Reflected in the Novel Forrest Gump 圣地亚哥:伟大而非完美的老人-对《老人与海》中老人的性格分析The Old Man and The Sea-Santiago-A Great Old Man Not Perfect 依莎贝尔阿彻的婚姻悲剧-对淑女的画像的主题研究On the Marriage Tragedy of Isabel Archer-A Thematic Study of the Portrait of a Lady 论淘姆索亚的性格特征Thesis on the Characteristics of Tom Sawyer 美国社会文化的缩影-浅谈淘姆索亚历险记中淘姆索亚的人物性格特征The Mirror of American Social Culture-Remarks on the Characteristics of Tom Sawyer in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer 论飘中的人物魅力On the Charm of Characters in Gone with the Wind 论飘中的女性生存意识Thesis on Female Survivalism in Gone with the Wind 分析飘中斯嘉丽的个人魅力Analyze Scarlett’s Personal Fascination in Gone with the wind 浅谈《乱世佳人》中的创业精神Remarks on the Business Spirit in Gone With the Wind 对玛格丽特�6�1米切尔《飘》中四个人物的性格分析Character Analysis on the Four Characters in Magrett Mitcell’s Gone with the Wind 斯佳丽的性格分析Personage Analysis of Scarlett 从希斯克里夫的性格演变过程看他的艺术价值Analysis on Heathcliff's Artistic Value through the Evolution Process of His Character 论呼啸山庄中希斯克里夫的悲剧命运On the Tragic Destiny of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights 从白鲸看人与自然的关系Relationship between Mankind and Nature-from Analysis of Moby Dick 简评夏洛特.勃朗蒂的《简爱》On Charlotte Brontё’s Jane Eyre 浅谈美国文化在小说阿甘正传中的反映Tentative Reflections of American Culture in the Novel Forrest Gump 保尔·莫瑞尔永不消逝的恋母情结—对儿子与情人中男主人公的心理研究The Non-passing of Paul Morel’s Oedipus Complex—A Study of the Hero’s Psychology in Sons and Lovers 浅析玻璃动物园中劳拉的玻璃心An analysis on Laura's Glasslike Heart in the Glass Menagerie 论《傲慢与偏见》中达西的人物性格特点Character Analysis of Darcy in Pride and Prejudice 呼啸山庄中希斯克列夫人物性格的双重性分析呼啸山庄中希斯克列夫自私自恋性格的分析Analysis of Selfishness and Narcissism in Heathcliff’s Characters-On the Theme of Wuthering Heights 浅谈简爱中的女权运动Feminism in Jane Eyre 回到小屋-浅析汤姆叔叔的小屋中的象征意义及其特点Back to the Cabin-analysis of symbols and characters in Uncle Tom's Cabin 《双城记》中西德尼伯尔顿的人物性格分析A Brief Analysis of Character Sydney Carton “A Tale of Two Cities” 普拉斯诗中的死亡意象The Death Image in Sylvia Plath’s Poems 对永别了武器中男主人公亨利的性格分析On the Character of Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms 心路历程－论雪莱的自由之路The Heart's Progress---About Shelley's Freedom Road 浅谈了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义The Symbolism in the Great Gatsby 论《老人与海》中的象征主义The Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea 双城记中的仁爱主题Thesis on the Kind-heartedness theme in “A Tale of Two Cities” 论《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中对种族主义的误解On Misperception of Racism in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 论《傲慢与偏见》与《德伯家的苔丝》中男女主人公的爱情Analysis on Love of Protagonists in Pride and Prejudice and Tess of the d’Urbervilles 简爱中女主角的性格分析An Analysis of the Character of the Heroine in Jane Eyre 达洛维夫人性格分析Character Analysis of Mrs. Dalloway 从庞德英译汉诗《长干行》看其意象派风格Ezra Pound's Imagist Style in Translating a Chinese Poem As Seen from The River-Merchant's Wife：A Letter 浅谈简爱的性格特征An Analysis of the Character of the Heroine in Jane Eyre 《阿甘正传》：五十到八十年代美国社会的全景展示Forrest Gump: A Panoramic Reflection of American Society from 1950s to 1980s 论欧亨利作品中的“真爱和美德”主题Thesis on the Main Theme of Pure Love and Beautiful Virtue in O. Henry’s Writings 浅谈《卡斯特桥市长》中的悲剧The Tragedy in The Mayor of Casterbridge 浅谈托马思﹒哈代小说中的悲剧效果Tragic Effect of Thomas Hardy's Novels 对永别了武器中男主人公的性格特征发展的分析An Analysis of the Development of the Hero’s Character in A Farewell to Arms 从黑人女性主义视角看《宠儿》中的弑婴母题On the Motif of Infanticide in Beloved from a Black Feminist Perspective 美国华裔文学作家伍美琴的裸体吃中餐中的母女关系Reflections on the Mother-Daughter Relationship in the Eating Chinese Food Naked “神性”与“人性”冲突引发的爱情悲剧 德伯家的苔丝悲惨生活的根源Tess of the D’Urbervilles―A Comment on the Sources of Tess’ Tragic Life 海明威，“失落的一代”的代言人Ernest Hemingway, the Spokesman of the “Lost Generation” 试析《还乡》命运驱使下的人物性格On Characters under the Influence of Fatalism in The Return of Native 《呼啸山庄》中的爱与恨 Love and Hate in Wuthering Heights 夏洛特和简爱性格对比研究The Comparative Study of Characteristics between Charllote Bronte and Jane Eyre 苔丝的悲剧原因分析On Causes of Tess’ Tragedy 论呼啸山庄中人性的复苏The Reviving of Humanity in “Wuthering Heights” 浅谈傲慢与偏见中简.奥斯丁对待婚姻的态度Jane Austen's Attitude toward Marriage in Pride and Prejudice 浅谈威尼斯商人中夏洛克的性格特征On the Character of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice 浅谈飘中斯嘉丽的人物形象The Figural Analysis of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind 浅谈艾玛的自知之明Self-Knowledge of Emma 论简爱的独立性格The Independence of Jane Eyre 从系统功能语法的角度分析《玩偶之家》Analysis of A Doll’s House from the Systemic-functional Grammar 论《哈姆雷特》的悲剧色彩 通过德伯家的苔丝研究哈代的创作思想On Thomas Hardy’s Creative Thinking through Tess of the D’Urbervilles 从鲁滨逊的复调理论看人定胜天 大卫科波菲尔中主要人物的人性对比Comparison of Some Characters’ Human Nature in David Copperfield
哈姆雷特是具有新型世界观的文武全才,是朵举世瞩目的娇花,如果登上王位,自然是开明君主的典范。在他身上,寄托着国家与民族复兴的希望,体现出资产阶级对统一国家的理想。 哈姆雷特性格特征。 ⑴ 忧郁 A.忧郁之源----理想破灭 一系列伤天害理的事变突然发生,打破了他关于人生、世界、爱情、友谊、前途等一系列人文主义的幻想。 人类,并不美好,下贱的克牢狄斯一旦爬上王位,很多人对他阿谀逢迎,"如今诚实的人,一万个人中也没有一个! " 为了篡权,弟弟居然暗杀自己的哥哥 ---- "人,不过是泥土捏成的生命!" 人间,是长满恶毒莠草的荒原。 世界，就是一座大监狱,而丹麦,又是其中最坏的一间。 爱情,也不坚贞,父王死去不到两个月,母亲的孝鞋还没有穿旧,居然匆匆地改嫁奸王,钻进乱伦的衾被, 就是畜牲也会比这悲哀得长久些吧? 友谊,也不可靠,一个个好友,为了一己的私利,甘做奸王的暗探来窥视行踪;就连信誓旦旦的情人,也不自觉成为篡权者的工具。 纵目四望,奸王邪恶、群臣昏聩、朝廷腐败、上层堕落,这是一个颠倒混乱的时代! 理想破灭,使他承受不了这超负荷的压力,陷入于精神危机,产生了忧郁。 B.忧郁之深 深刻洞察力 ---- 他以哲学家的深刻洞察力,解剖现实,深揭被掩盖着的社会罪恶，使其忧郁积重难返。 继续探索 ---- 他在精神危机里继续进行精神探索,又发现更新,更严重的社会罪恶,这些新的罪恶又带来他忧郁的进一步升级,达到常人达不到的深度与广度。 C.忧郁之久 忧郁 ---- 贯穿剧目的始终。 从他穿着丧服登场,到古堡待父,到破相装疯,到戏中作戏,到后宫劝母,到海上窥奸,到墓场葬礼,到宫庭比武,一直到他最后毁灭,忧郁一直没有离开过他。 因而, 没有忧郁,也就没有哈姆雷特。 ⑵犹豫 A.犹豫原因 敌强我弱---- 他知已知彼,正确的估计了敌我力量的对比过于悬殊。 整个时代已经颠倒混乱, 而拯救者只有一个人, 那就是 "倒霉的我!"寄全部希望于自己,这样,以一人之力对抗整个社会,他深知这场斗争的长期性、艰巨性、复杂性和危险性,导致他行动的犹豫。 任务艰巨----既要为父报仇,又要扭转乾坤,一身二任。 这种独扭乾坤的重任与势孤力单的矛盾,只能产生"难扭乾坤"的哀叹: 一个任务尚且力不从心,何况两个?这就带来他行动的双重犹豫。 B.犹豫表现 拙于行动 ---- 他是哲学家而不是实干家,他敏于思索而拙于行动,他在没有切实可行、十拿九稳的办法之前,只会冥思苦想,他从思考到行动需要一个比常人更为复杂的过程。 不知如何行动 ---- 他决心行动而又不知如何行动, 他很不容易等到一个杀掉奸王的机会,克牢狄斯在祈祷,只需抽刀一击,就能为父报仇,然而,灵魂进入天堂还是滚入地狱的无用考虑又使他错过了这千载难逢的机会。 C.犹豫结果 等待时机,而时机不来,一旦到来,又坐失良机;幻想行动,却一拖再拖,空有报国之心,而无匡世之策,只落得个苦闷彷徨,忧郁犹豫。 结果,行动的犹豫,导致了他的毁灭。 4．哈姆雷特形象的意义: 哈姆雷特的毁灭， 向我们揭示了人文主义的时代悲剧。 客观上,阶级力量对比的悬殊，敌强我弱; 主观上，自身具有不可克服的忧郁、犹豫等弱点。 因而他的毁灭，不只是个人的原因，而是那个时代人文主义者不可超越的历史局限性所导致的。 主要人物：克劳狄斯、奥菲利娅 4、反映的16世纪末英国现实：动荡不安、危机四伏的国家；恶人当道、阴谋成风的朝庭；奸诈残暴、荒淫奢侈的统治者。――英国现实中存在的美好理想与丑恶现实之间的矛盾，号召人们为重整乾坤而斗争。 5、哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者。复杂的性格。有崇高的理想，和人类与世界新颖的看法。目光敏锐，思考深刻，又有高度的社会责任感。但过于内向，过于审慎，；加上势单力薄的处境，造成行动上的延宕。有行动的决心，而且不断督促自己，但最后只能与敌人同归于尽。 6、悲剧原因：哈姆雷特自身的心理弱点，也有罪恶势力过于强大的客观原因，是时代的悲剧，也是人文主义者的悲剧。 7、形象塑造手法：首先，塑造一个性格复杂的，发展变化的形象。其次，在发展中，内外双重矛盾过程中展示人物性格的复杂性和演变过程，用独白和旁白表现人物的思想矛盾，表现思考、认识与自责、怀疑。 8、克劳狄斯形象：封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，集封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。 9、哈姆雷特延宕的原因：首先，认为应该有正当的名分，必须让克的罪行得到证实并当众暴露；其次，自己的行动能否起到惩罚罪恶，重整乾坤的目的。 哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者的特点，性格发展的阶段性，延宕问题，精神分析学解释的再思考。《哈姆雷特》的艺术特点：情节的生动丰富，个性鲜明的人物形象，广阔的社会背景，多种艺术成分的融合。
商务英语专业毕业论文 论文选题 论文选题是毕业论文写作的开端。能否选择恰当的题目，对于整篇毕业论文写作是否顺利，关系极大。好比走路，这开始的第十步是具有决定意义的，第一步迈向何方，需要慎重考虑。否则，就可能走许多弯路，费许多周折，甚至南辕北辙，难以到达目的地。毕业生选题，要遵循这样两条基本原则：第一条是价值原则，即论文的选题要有价值。论文价值有理论价值和应用价值之分，选题时，要把应用价值摆在首位。学生写的毕业论文不是毫无实际意义的“空对空”的文字游戏，而是来源于现实，并为现实服务的。第二条是可行原则选题时要充分考虑主客观条件。客观条件主要是写作的时间、地点、环境；主观条件包括作者的才能、学识和所掌握的材料等。学毕业生在选择毕业论文题目时，必须考虑自己的主、客观条件，量力而行。即要选择那些客观上需要，主观上又有能力完成的题目。 选题的具体方法 1、尽快确定毕业论文的选题方向 在毕业论文工作布置后，每个人都应遵循选题的基本原则，在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来。从毕业论文题目的性质来看，基本上可以分为两大类：一类是社会主义现代化建设实践中提出的理论和实际问题；另一类是专业学科本身发展中存在的基本范畴和基本理论问题。大学生应根据自己的志趣和爱好，尽快从上述两大类中确定一个方向。 2、在初步调查研究的基础上选定毕业论文的具体题目 在选题的方向确定以后，还要经过一定的调查和研究，来进一步确定选题的范围，以至最后选定具体题目。下面介绍两种常见的选题方法。 1）浏览捕捉法 这种方法就是通过对占有的文献资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定题目的方法。浏览，一般是在资料占有达到一定数量时集中一段时间进行，这样便于对资料作集中的比较和鉴别。浏览的目的是在咀嚼消化已有资料的过程中，提出问题，寻找自己的研究课题。这就需要对收集到的材料作全面的阅读研究，主要的、次要的、不同角度的、不同观点的都应了解，不能看了一些资料，有了一点看法，就到此为止，急于动笔。也不能“先入为主”，以自己头脑中原有的观点或看了第一篇资料后得到的看法去决定取舍。而应冷静地、客观地对所有资料作认真的分析思考。在浩如烟海，内容丰富的资料中吸取营养，反复思考琢磨许多时候之后，必然会有所发现。 浏览捕捉法一般可按以下步骤进行： 第一步，广泛地浏览资料。在浏览中要注意勤作笔录，随时记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。当然，手抄笔录并不等于有言必录，有文必录，而是要做细心的选择，有目的、有重点地摘录，当详则详，当略则略，一些相同的或类似的观点和材料则不必重复摘录，只需记下资料来源及页码就行，以避免浪费时间和精力。 第二步，是将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成： 系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料； 对某一个问题研究情况的资料； 对同一问题几种不同观点的资料； 对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。 第三步，将自己在研究中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有；哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法；哪些体会和资料是基本一致的；哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，选题的目标也就会渐渐明确起来。 2）追溯验证法 这是一种先有拟想，然后再通过阅读资料加以验证来确定选题的方法。这种选题方法必须先有一定的想法，即根据自己平素的积累，初步确定准备研究的方向、题目或选题范围。但这种想法是否真正可行，心中没有太大的把握，故还需按着拟想的研究方向，跟踪追溯。追溯可从以下几方面考虑： ①看自己的“拟想”是否对别人的观点有补充作用，自己的“拟想”别人没有论及或者论及得较少。如果得到肯定的答复，再具体分析一下主客观条件，只要通过努力，能够对这一题目作出比较圆满的回答，则可以把“拟想”确定下来，作为毕业论文的题目。 ②如果自己的“拟想”虽然别人还没有谈到，但自己尚缺乏足够的理由来加以论证，考虑到写作时间的限制，那就应该中止，再作重新构思。 ②看“拟想”是否与别人重复。如果自己的想法与别人完全一样，就应马上改变“拟想”，再作考虑；如果自己的想法只是部分的与别人的研究成果重复，就应再缩小范围，在非重复方面深入研究。 ④要善于捕捉一闪之念，抓住不放，深入研究。在阅读文献资料或调查研究中，有时会突然产生一些思想火花，尽管这种想法很简单、很朦胧，也未成型，但干万不可轻易放弃。因为这种思想火花往往是在对某一问题作了大量研究之后的理性升华，如果能及时捕捉，并顺势追溯下去，最终形成自己的观点，这是很有价值的。 追溯验证的选题方法，是以主观的“拟想”为出发点，沿着一定方向对已有研究成果步步紧跟，一追到底，从中获得“一己之见”的方法。但这种主观的“拟想”绝不是“凭空想象”，必须以客观事实、客观需要等作为依据。 论文参考题目： 1/商务英语在中国加入WTO后的新趋势... 2/中英文在生活习语中的差异 3/论英汉翻译中的外来词译法 4/幼儿英语的愉快教学 5/中英文化的背景
1,The application of the Theme-based plus Communication-based in English class英语课堂中交际主题的应用2,中文：汉字“好”的语义功能研究英文：A Study on the Functions of Chinese Character HAO3,中文：浅析凯特·肖邦《觉醒》中的女性主题英文：A Brief Analysis of Female Consciousness in Kate Chopin's The Awakening4,中文：初中英语口语的错误类型及其对策英文：Error types in Junior students' oral english and their countermeasures5,中文：试论艾米莉?迪金森自然诗中的女性意识英文：On Female Consciousness in Emily Dickinson's Nature Poetry6,论文题目是BinaryOppositionalAnalysisoftheCharacterofHamlet《关于哈姆雷特双重性格的分析》。
哈姆雷特是原本是一位养尊处优的王子，他的性格弱点又是什么呢》下面是我带来的关于aaa的内容，欢迎阅读参考!哈姆雷特的性格弱点之一：软弱战士 哈姆雷特是一位养尊处优的王子，面对父亲被毒杀，母亲被占有，王位被窃取，国家被觊觎的家仇国恨，哈姆雷特有强烈的复仇愿望。哈姆雷特就是用这种坚毅坚决的方式表达自己复仇的坚定信念。哈姆雷特对杀死仇人这一看似简单而且有足够的能力完成的举动却表现出了常人无法理解的忧郁、疑虑情绪。他本来有绝好的机会动手了结克劳狄斯，但由于这种情绪使得复仇计划功亏一篑。当他遇到克劳狄斯在为自己的罪孽祈祷时，这是个复仇的绝佳机会，然而他复仇的想法只是一闪而过，接着他就转入了关于时机的思考。于是，哈姆雷特的复仇变成了一场思想斗争，一方面是不共戴天的杀父之仇及父亲亡魂的声声追讨，另一方面是对生命价值的严肃思考，使得哈姆雷特在这二者之间苦苦徘徊。 哈姆雷特的复仇计划就演绎成了一次痛苦的思想突围，在这个突围的过程中，哈姆雷特不断地看到社会的黑暗，力图融入黑暗的社会中，用敌人同样的手段对付敌人。但是，道德与正义做着本能的抵抗，在这种针锋相对的思想冲突中，哈姆雷特进行着艰难的蜕变与抉择。对于哈姆雷特的犹豫，并不难理解，哈姆雷特之所以身负重任又踌躇不前，是因为他本身软弱的关系，他可以忧郁，延宕，但完全是在事情未清楚之前，真相昭告天下之后，他还是无所作为，只是选择用语言复仇。哈姆雷特被复仇的意念苦苦煎熬，却迟迟不行动。他陷在自己的思考中无法自拔，想复仇，要复仇，却一再犹豫，这不得不归于他的软弱，无法实施行动，所以受着思想的苦苦煎熬。 哈姆雷特的性格弱点之二：逞强战士 哈姆雷特是青年王子，他对生活充满了热爱，他也爱朋友，爱下级。他对一般人民都十分亲切，和臣民的谈话并不高高在上。在他接受了父亲亡魂交给他的复仇任务后，哈姆雷特明白自己所处的时代是一个封建势力很强大的时代，他的敌人又是一个无比奸诈、善于笼络臣下的国王，就算消灭了克劳狄斯，也是不算报了仇的，人民还是会处于水深火热之中，只有联合人民群众，奋起反抗，才能战胜敌人。但是，把人民发动起来反抗，会牺牲许多无辜的生命。 哈姆雷特天生热爱和谐、幸福、美丽，一般人民也是如此，这次不能和平建设，和平生活，必须进行流血斗争，在善良的人民看来是不得已的，哈姆雷特在两方面的急剧转换里，一时脱口而出，说了一声“真糟”或“倒霉”，他一下子感觉到天翻地覆了，自己碰上了扭转乾坤的责任，他也意识到责任重大。他不希望臣民流血牺牲，所以在得知事情的真相后，他觉得自己作为王子，有责任也有义务保护臣民，更有能力把他们拯救出来。他虽然为人民所爱戴，而且从人民所受的那些苦难的体会里感染了一种斗争力量，却始终没有像莱阿替斯一样要人民跟他一致行动，可以说，他没有找到达到理想的道路。 哈姆雷特的性格弱点之三：宿命战士 哈姆雷特因其一再踌躇和延宕为父报仇而备受争议。作为人文主义者，他面临着理想破灭的严酷事实不是要“挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难”，而是裹足不前，错失良机，反而被克劳狄斯抓住他误杀波洛涅斯的机会，把他遣往英格兰。在对现实的彷徨无计中，哈姆雷特的思想中渐渐产生宿命成分。在种种场合之中，“命运”的作用似乎越来越重要。从哈姆雷特的话中，观众与读者可以感觉到哈姆雷特的变化：从当初雄心勃勃要奋力抗击人世间的丑恶，到静等命运的安排。因为他认为无论人类怎样辛苦图谋，其结果是早已有一种冥冥中的力量把它布置好了。这样的消极态度一直延续到最后，以致最后他与以克劳狄斯为首的敌对势力同归于尽。 哈姆雷特的性格是复杂的。他的性格中既有积极的一面，又有消极的一面。首先，哈姆雷特只是一个小说人物，所以他是一个矛盾的综合体，一个时代的缩影。哈姆雷特作为一个王公子弟，虽然接受了一些新的思想，但封建落后的思想仍如影随形，哈姆雷特性格中的弱点，其实是这两种思想的碰撞。其次，作为一朵皇族的花朵，哈姆雷特的确足够优秀，然而他还是上演了一出“青年人的悲剧”，年轻气盛，封建势力太过强大，单靠他一个人孤军奋战，是战胜不了的。再次，他性格上还存在一个极大的弱点：他潜在的宿命观在最关键的时候暴露出来，他完全把生死托付给了上帝，导致最后悲剧的发生。 哈姆雷特的性格论文： 《浅析哈姆雷特的性格》 摘要 本文对哈姆雷特的性格作了分析探讨。哈姆雷特本身是个热情乐观的青年，对生活、人类满怀热爱和信心，但是世事多变，父王的意外死亡，母亲的改嫁，王位的丢失使他忧郁，多疑，优柔寡断，嫉恶如仇，性格上出现了矛盾，从而造成了他的悲剧人生。 关键词 哈姆雷特;性格;忧郁; 矛盾 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的经典之作也是世界戏剧的典范。它取材于十二世纪末丹麦王子为父复仇的 故事 。戏剧情节跌宕起伏，人物形象生动鲜明、独白精彩绝伦。哈姆雷特富有理想，热情勇敢，敏锐机智，胸襟开阔，嫉恶如仇，他忧郁，优柔寡断，多疑，性格上出现了勇敢与软弱，谨慎与急躁，善良与残忍，爱情忠贞与怀疑的矛盾。莎士比亚说"一千个观众眼中有一千个哈姆雷特"。哈姆雷特这一形象性格的复杂性，一直是评论界争论的中心。笔者认为哈姆雷特的复杂性格是由他所面临的内外冲突造成，既有软弱性又有坚强性。 1 忧郁与多疑 哈姆雷特，崇尚自由平等，亲近人民，对人类抱有美好的希望。他"对生活感到满足和幸福，因为现实还没有和他的理想背道而驰。"他肯定人世生活、赞美世界、渴望真挚的友谊、追求时尚的爱情。正是他前期的这种美好的理想般的生活，使他在突然面对不幸时显出异常的困惑、抑郁、思想混乱。 崇拜的父王的突然死去，贞洁的母亲匆匆改嫁篡夺王位的叔父，使他对世界产生怀疑。对逝去父王的缅怀，对母亲下嫁的愤恨，对叔叔粗鄙庸俗的蔑视，对自己前途未卜的忧虑，这一切使他愁容满面，郁郁寡欢。而更令他气愤的是父亲的鬼魂向他昭示的真相：叔父谋杀父王。国王是专制王朝的代表，报仇不仅是个人问题，还是关系到整个国家，整个社会的问题。他希望用人文主义思想改造社会，但面对残酷黑暗的现实，他只凭自己孤军奋战，因此患上时代的忧郁症。忧郁是哈姆雷特的主要特征，也是他性格的关键。现实环境、生活变故在他身上留下深深的烙印和伤痕，使他敏感多思的心灵不能负荷，忧郁彰显了他高贵的心灵和高尚的品格。 理想和现实的强烈反差，让他开始怀疑到"人"，怀疑到"女人"，怀疑到社会，怀疑到人生。他用怀疑的眼光去审视周围的一切：人性的虚伪、世态的炎凉、天道的不公。他先是怀疑鬼魂不是父王显灵，而是一个要引诱他犯罪的魔鬼，待到通过演戏证实鬼魂所说一切属实，叔父正是谋害父王的真凶之后，他又错过了一个大好时机。"生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题"是默默忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，还是挺身而起，反抗人世的苦难，通过斗争把它扫清·父死母嫁，奸邪当道，国内一片黑暗。好朋友罗森克兰背叛了友谊成为奸王的走狗，自己的爱人奥菲丽亚也成了落后势力的俘虏和工具，使得他性格多疑。到处是不公正，官吏横行，这又使得他愤恨。 2 优柔寡断与嫉恶如仇 哈姆雷特的父亲的鬼魂交付给他复仇的责任，他深爱他的父亲，并发誓报仇。但是，他却一再拖延，是在经过了很长一段时间以后才完成复仇的事业。哈姆雷特为什么拖延· 哈姆雷特敏于思索却拙于行动，他在没有切实可行的办法之前，只会冥思苦想。从思考到行动他需要一个比常人更为复杂的过程。踌躇难决之下，因一时找不到复仇的时机，而使得他苦闷彷徨，拖延迟疑，但当时机到来时，他的优柔寡断使得复仇计划一次次功亏一篑。 哈姆雷特用宣誓表达着自己复仇的坚定信念，同时他对报仇举动却表现出了犹豫。他本来有好几次杀死仇人的绝佳机会，但在疑虑重重下，一次次耽搁了报仇的有利时机。叔父因良心受到煎熬而跪地祈祷，哈姆雷特此时本可以拔剑将其刺死，但他却顾虑重重，复仇的想法只是一闪而过，接着他就转入了时机价值的思考。于是，哈姆雷特复仇变成了一场思想斗争。他在报杀父之仇和对生命价值思考这二者之间苦苦的徘徊，过多的思虑反而使他失去了采取行动的勇气。 哈姆雷特在报仇中不断的看到社会的黑暗，力图让自己融入这种灰暗的世界中去，用敌人同样的手段来对付敌人。他气愤于母亲的朝三暮四，对叔父的奢侈以及国家的陋习，他都表现得痛心疾首，他向往光明，痛恨邪恶，将所有的国仇家恨都绑在自己一个人身上，忍受所有苦难，不断挣扎前进。"啊，从今以后，我的头脑里只许有流血的念头!" 残忍在血液里沸腾、卤莽支配着理智。强烈的悲伤和复仇的愿望对哈姆雷特的性格起了推波助澜的作用。 3 坚贞与怀疑 思想单纯的奥菲利亚是哈姆雷特深爱的姑娘，他曾经给她写过 情书 ，送过礼物，有过许多热辣辣的爱情表白，正大光明地向这位纯洁美丽的少女求过爱。他决定报仇以后，觉得爱情和他的责任格格不入，他故意对姑娘冷酷无情，可是他有时仍情不自禁地思念起可爱的欧菲莉亚，好心的姑娘认为王子的冷漠绝非他的本意。在责任和爱情中间，哈姆雷特放弃了对奥菲利亚的爱。 母亲的改嫁让哈姆雷特震惊难过，对坚贞的爱情产生怀疑。他不禁感叹"脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人!"他深爱自己的母亲，他认为母亲的改嫁是对爱情背叛，母亲的解释，是为了掩藏丑陋和恐惧的灵魂;但他宁愿"用利剑一般的词语刺伤她的心"，也"不愿伤了她的一根发毛"。 正是由于母亲改嫁，他才无法再相信女人、相信爱情。 性格决定命运。哈姆雷特的悲剧性格决定了他的悲剧命运。在矛盾的性格之下，他被复仇的意念苦苦煎熬，复仇成了他生命的全部。而这一切，导致他对懦弱的母亲冷语相向，对心爱女子视而不见，导致他最终落入仇人的圈套。最后，复仇的愿望终于实现了，可是一切都无法挽回。 笔者眼中的哈姆雷特忧郁，优柔寡断，多疑，嫉恶如仇，怯懦与勇敢，自私与高尚，对爱情忠贞与怀疑多种性格并存，但如此多的矛盾统一于他身上，却出奇地完美与和谐。也正因这矛盾，才使哈姆雷特的形象如此丰满。 猜你喜欢： 1. 《哈姆雷特》读书笔记 2. 哈姆雷特读书心得体会 3. 哈姆雷特读书笔记摘抄 4. 哈姆雷特读书笔记 5. 世界名著哈姆雷特读书心得体会
一部人类心灵咏唱出的伟大史诗，崇高和卑下、可怕和可笑、英雄和丑角的奇妙的混合，完成于1601年的《哈姆雷特》，是文艺复兴时期的巨人——莎士比亚戏剧创作的最高成就。哈姆雷特是一个刻画得极为成功的艺术形象，他像我们每一个人一样真实，但又要比我们伟大。哈姆雷特在我心目中始终是一个英雄，一个充满了悲剧美的英雄。悲剧具有一种深刻的美，悲剧存在的意义就在于，它不只是为了赢得人们一滴同情的眼泪，而是要通过悲剧产生、发展、结局的整个过程唤起人们对生命意义的严肃思索。莎士比亚所塑造的哈姆雷特这一艺术形象及其性格特点，正是遵循了悲剧艺术的特征，从而使哈姆雷特的塑造取得了巨大的成功。在《哈姆雷特》这一不朽剧作中，始终存在着善良与邪恶等一系列激烈的矛盾冲突。哈姆雷特作为该剧的主要角色，他的命运不可避免地处于这激烈矛盾冲突的漩涡之中。身为王子的哈姆雷特被莎翁塑造为生命之美的典型，他年轻英俊，坚毅勇敢，热爱自己的国家，热爱自己的父王和母后，有着心爱的恋人奥菲莉娅，可以说，他的生命正处于人生最美好的时刻。然而，这美好的生命时光瞬息之间又消失了，他是处于一种什么样的环境之中呢？我们看到，当时的丹麦宫廷一片混乱，老王奇怪地驾崩，王后改嫁新王，国外敌军压境，国内群情激愤、一触即发，而宫中却在通宵达旦地酗酒取乐，这一切，都在哈姆雷特年轻美好的生命中投下了巨大的阴影，从而使他郁郁寡欢，认为人间不过是“一个荒芜不治的花园，长满了恶毒的莠草”，这些已经为王子年轻的生命注入了悲剧的因素。随着老王鬼魂的出现，宫廷内幕的揭开，谋杀罪行的暴露，王子心中烈火的燃起，悲剧的帷幕拉开了……面对阴险奸诈的新王，哈姆雷特开始了孤身复仇的行动：为了复仇，他失手杀死了恋人的父亲；为了复仇，他佯装疯狂失去了深爱的情人；为了复仇，他对软弱的母亲冷言相向；为了复仇，他忍受着失去友情的痛苦。最后，在一场血淋淋的宫廷决斗中，他虽然杀死了阴险狡诈的新王，但自己的生命也结束在这“牢狱”般的宫廷中。鲁迅曾经说过：“悲剧就是将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。”哈姆雷特作为一个深受广大群众爱戴的王子，他身上具备整顿局势、治理国家、报仇雪恨的能力。然而面对着以阴险奸诈的新王为代表的强大的封建势力，作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他始终把这种和人民紧密相连的事业看做个人的仇恨而孤军奋战，因此，他的悲剧既是真善美与邪恶力量相冲突的悲剧，也是一个人文主义者时代的悲剧。《哈姆雷特》这部巨作给我的力量与思索是巨大而无穷的……
主要内容：哈姆雷特是一个人的名字，这个人是一个国家的王子 主要讲的是一个王子为父报仇，杀了他的叔叔的故事。 他的叔叔为了夺取王位，把毒药倒进了国王也就是哈姆雷特的父亲的耳朵里，杀死了国王，娶了皇后也就是他的嫂子，哈姆雷特的母亲，哈姆雷特回国后，收到父亲的托梦， 知道了真相。而此时的假国王也知道哈姆雷特相除掉他而想除掉哈姆雷特，假国王想借用比剑的机会，用有毒剑杀死哈姆雷特，若哈姆雷特没有被毒剑所伤，就以奖励为借口让哈姆雷特喝下放入钻石的美酒，当然钻石上涂有毒药。但是最终，哈姆雷特在比试中获胜，毒酒被他的母亲喝了，他杀死了他的叔叔，同时它也被毒剑刺中，牺牲了！ 目的：我们面对绝望的存在，在矛盾中摸索真理，在迷雾中找寻真相，在两难问题里作出行动，在一个失去标准与可以衡量标准的尺度的世界里重建价值的体系与精神大厦…… 哈姆雷特是不完美的，有时他的抉择是非理性的，相当冲动的，比如当他在激怒之下一剑刺死他误以为是国王的波洛涅斯时，然而或许正是他这种不理智的抉择，这种人性的弱点的表现，让我们打心底里接受和认同他的艺术形象，因为我们常常可以在自己身上看见他的影子……
哈姆雷特的认识更加深广，但却陷入到思考的怪圈中。在一个和自己的理想信念相背谬的社会里，“生存还是毁灭”，这真是一个难以抉择的人生命题。这也是人文主义理想者所面临的无奈和不幸。时代社会的颠倒混乱，是封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的所造成的必然的阵痛。君主理想已然破灭，君臣礼仪不复存在，纲纪败坏，伦常崩溃，世风日下。而封建堡垒却更加顽固。新兴的第三等级势力仅仅处于萌芽阶段，还不为人文主义者所认识。历史的反复和螺旋状态，是人文主义理想者们不期然而然的规律。人文主义者们不是政治家，而是理想家，他们胸怀远大，目标纯正，坚持理想信念，意志坚定。绝非为了一己的目标而不择手段。在哈姆雷特机智地以“戏中戏”的方式证明这一骇人听闻的罪恶时；本可以毫不犹豫的复仇。但在克劳狄斯慌乱地向上帝祈祷时，哈姆雷特不是趁机杀死他，而是想到要在敌人罪恶昭彰时，再举起正义的剑惩罚邪恶。这不能仅仅归结为哈姆雷特的宗教情结，更不能怪罪哈姆雷特的优柔寡断，这是一个光明磊落的人文主义理想者的必然行动，而不再是宫廷权利的血腥争斗。最后哈姆雷特让他的好友霍拉旭好好活着把他“行事的始末根由昭告世人”就说明了这一点。� 人文主义者过于推崇个人的力量，这使得王子哈姆雷特看不起一般民众，嫌弃“一个平民也敢用他的脚趾去踢痛贵人的后跟了。”尽管国王曾经担忧哈姆雷特在民众中的威望，海盗也给了他应有的尊重和帮助。但哈姆雷特不可能“堕落”到像雷欧提斯那样率领暴徒攻打王宫，在暴徒的山呼万岁中登上王位。因为，这距离他心目中的人文主义理想太遥远了。只有到了十九世纪，我们才看到如雨果、狄更斯等伟大作家在文学作品中描绘的下层平民百姓攻打王宫、教堂、监狱的情景，这是历史发展的必然。 人文主义理想信念的根本在于“人”！高贵文雅，纯洁优美，勇敢坚强，兼具热情和理智，拥有平等和尊严。但在残酷的现实中，人性是那么邪恶，那么卑鄙；那么脆弱，那么善变；那么孤独，那么……“这一个泥土塑成的生命算得了什么？”但忧郁的哈姆雷特毕竟没有丧失人文主义对“人”这个“宇宙的精华，万物的灵长”的信念，而且为这个永恒的信念献出了生命。这个信念就是我们一代代人活着而且奋斗的理由。
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Hamlet and Ophelia, by Dante Gabriel RossettiPrince Hamlet is the main character in Shakespeare's tragedy of HamletPerhaps the most straightforward view sees Hamlet as seeking truth in order to be certain that he is justified in carrying out the revenge called for by a ghost that claims to be the spirit of his father. The most standard view is that Hamlet is highly indecisive, which is the view as proposed by Coleridge, and a number of other critics. "Shakespeare wished to impress upon us the truth, that action is the chief end to existence". The 1948 movie with Laurence Olivier in the title role is introduced by a voiceover: "This is the tragedy of a man who could not make up his mind.". Eliot offers a similar view of Hamlet's character in his critical essay, "Hamlet and His Problems" (The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism). He states, "We find Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' not in the action, not in any quotations that we might select, so much as in an unmistakable tone...".Others see Hamlet as a person charged with a duty that he both knows and feels is right, yet is unwilling to carry out. In this view, all of his efforts to satisfy himself of King Claudius' guilt, or his failure to act when he can, are evidence of this unwillingness, and Hamlet berates himself for his inability to carry out his task. After observing a play-actor performing a scene, he notes that the actor was moved to tears in the passion of the story and compares this passion for an ancient Greek character, Hecuba, in light of his own situation:Hamlet reclines next to Ophelia in Edwin Austin Abbey's The Play Scene in Hamlet"O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!Is it not monstrous that this player here,But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,Could force his soul so to his own conceitThat from her working all his visage wan'd;Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect,A broken voice, and his whole function suitingWith forms to his conceit? And all for nothing!For Hecuba?What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,That he should weep for her?" […]Etymology of HamletHamlet’s name is one filled with meaning and controversy. The name Hamlet occurs as early as the tenth century. His name is easily derived in form from Belleforest and the lost play from Amlethus of Saxo, and remaining in this form is then derived from its Latin form of the old Jutish Amlethoe. From this point the name can be divided into sections with common meanings. In terms of etymology the root name of Hamlet is an Icelandic noun, Amlooi, meaning ‘fool.’ However this name is derived from the way that Hamlet acts in the play and is not in all actuality the true Etymology of the name since the meaning is found through the actions of Hamlet. The second way of translating the name is by analyzing the noun aml-ooi into ‘raving mad’ and the second half, amla into ‘routine’. Later these names were incorporated into Irish dialect as Amlodhe. As phonetic laws took their course the name’s spelling changed eventually leaving it as Amlaidhe. This Irish name was given to a hero in a common folk story. The route of this name is ‘furious, raging, wild.’ These are all meanings of which Shakespeare would have been aware of when deciding on the name for his longest play.[1]AsimovAnother view of Hamlet, advanced by Isaac Asimov in his Guide to Shakespeare, holds that his actions are attributable not to indecision, but to multiple motivations: his desire to avenge the wrong done to his father, coupled with his own ambition to succeed to the throne. The tragic error committed by Hamlet, in Asimov's view, is his overreaching wish to see Claudius damned, and not merely dead, which prevents him from killing Claudius at the opportune of the ReformationMarcellus, Horatio, Hamlet, and the Ghost by Henry has also been suggested that Hamlet's hesitations may also be rooted in the religious beliefs of Shakespeare's time. The Reformation had generated debate about the existence of purgatory (where King Hamlet claims he currently resides). The concept of purgatory is a Catholic one, and was frowned on in Protestant England. It is possible that Hamlet's own logic ought to be taken seriously. Hamlet says that he will not kill his uncle because death would send him straight to heaven, while his father (having died without foreknowledge of his death) is in purgatory doing penance for his. Hamlet's opportunity to kill his uncle comes just after the uncle has supposedly made his peace with God. Hamlet says that he would much rather take a stab at the murderer while he is frolicking in the incestuous sheets, or gambling and drinking, so he could be sure of his going straight to interpretationErnest Jones, following the work of Freud, held that Hamlet suffered from the 'Oedipus complex'. He said in his essay "The Oedipus-Complex as An Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery: A Study in Motive":His moral fate is bound up with his uncle's for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mother's husband, whether this is the first or the second; the latter call is strongly "repressed," and therefore necessarily the former , Harold Bloom did a "Shakespearean Criticism" of Freud's work in a mirror of the audienceInnokenty Smoktunovsky as Hamlet in the acclaimed 1964 film by Grigori has also been suggested that Hamlet, who is described by Ophelia as "th’ expectancy and rose of the fair state, / The glass of fashion and the mould of form" (Act III, Scene i, lines 148-9), is ultimately a reflection of all of the interpretations possessed by other characters in the play—and perhaps also by the members of an audience watching him. Polonius, most obviously, has a habit of misreading his own expectations into Hamlet’s actions ("Still harping on my daughter!"), though many other characters in the play participate in analogous has a similar tendency to interpret all of her son’s activities as the result of her "o’erhasty marriage" alone. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tend to find the stalled ambitions of a courtier in their former schoolmate’s behaviour, whereas Claudius seems to be concerned with Hamlet’s motivation only so far as it reveals the degree to which his nephew is a potential threat. Ophelia, like her father, waits in vain for Hamlet to give her signs of affection, and Horatio would have little reason to think that Hamlet was concerned with anything more pressing than the commandment of the ghost. And the First Gravedigger seems to think that Prince Hamlet, like that "whoreson mad fellow” Yorick, is simply insane without any need for explanation. Several critics, including Stephen Booth and William Empson have further investigated the analogous relationship between Hamlet, the play, and its , over the last four centuries Prince Hamlet has become an icon in the entire western consciousness: the definition of what it means to be intelligent, and perhaps, fully 's parallels with other charactersOne aspect of Hamlet's character is the way in which he reflects other characters, including the play's primary antagonist, Claudius. In the play within a play, for instance, Gonzago, the king, is murdered in the garden by his nephew, Lucianus; although King Hamlet is murdered by his brother, in the Mousetrap , the regicide is a nephew, like Prince Hamlet. However, it is also worth noting that each of the characters in the play-within-a-play maps to two major characters in Hamlet, an instance of the play's many doubles:Lucianus, like Hamlet, is both a regicide and a nephew to the king; like Claudius, he is a regicide that operates by pouring poison into Player King, like Hamlet, is an erratic melancholic; like King Hamlet, he is poisoned via his ear while reclining in his Player Queen, like Ophelia, attends to a character that is "so far from cheer and from [a] former state"; like Gertrude, she remarries a is also, in some form, a reflection of most other characters in the play (or perhaps vice versa):Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Pyrrhus are all avenging sons. Hamlet and Laertes both blame Claudius for the death of their fathers. Hamlet and Pyrrhus are both seized by inaction at some point in their respective narratives and each avenges his father. Hamlet and Fortinbras both have plans that are thwarted by uncles that are also , Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Osric and Polonius are all , his father, Bernardo, Marcellus, Francisco, Fortinbras and several other characters are all and his father share a name (as do Fortinbras and his father).Hamlet, Horatio, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Laertes are all , his father, Gertrude and Claudius are all members of the Royal Family. Each of them is also killed by poison -- poison that Claudius is responsible and Ophelia are each rebuked by their surviving parent in subsequent scenes; the surviving parent of each happens to be of the opposite gender. Both also enter scenes reading books and there is a contrast between the (possibly) pretend madness of Hamlet and the very real insanity of , Horatio, Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Claudius are each "lawful espials" at some point in the play.
主要内容：哈姆雷特是一个人的名字，这个人是一个国家的王子 主要讲的是一个王子为父报仇，杀了他的叔叔的故事。 他的叔叔为了夺取王位，把毒药倒进了国王也就是哈姆雷特的父亲的耳朵里，杀死了国王，娶了皇后也就是他的嫂子，哈姆雷特的母亲，哈姆雷特回国后，收到父亲的托梦， 知道了真相。而此时的假国王也知道哈姆雷特相除掉他而想除掉哈姆雷特，假国王想借用比剑的机会，用有毒剑杀死哈姆雷特，若哈姆雷特没有被毒剑所伤，就以奖励为借口让哈姆雷特喝下放入钻石的美酒，当然钻石上涂有毒药。但是最终，哈姆雷特在比试中获胜，毒酒被他的母亲喝了，他杀死了他的叔叔，同时它也被毒剑刺中，牺牲了！ 目的：我们面对绝望的存在，在矛盾中摸索真理，在迷雾中找寻真相，在两难问题里作出行动，在一个失去标准与可以衡量标准的尺度的世界里重建价值的体系与精神大厦…… 哈姆雷特是不完美的，有时他的抉择是非理性的，相当冲动的，比如当他在激怒之下一剑刺死他误以为是国王的波洛涅斯时，然而或许正是他这种不理智的抉择，这种人性的弱点的表现，让我们打心底里接受和认同他的艺术形象，因为我们常常可以在自己身上看见他的影子……
一部人类心灵咏唱出的伟大史诗，崇高和卑下、可怕和可笑、英雄和丑角的奇妙的混合，完成于1601年的《哈姆雷特》，是文艺复兴时期的巨人——莎士比亚戏剧创作的最高成就。哈姆雷特是一个刻画得极为成功的艺术形象，他像我们每一个人一样真实，但又要比我们伟大。哈姆雷特在我心目中始终是一个英雄，一个充满了悲剧美的英雄。悲剧具有一种深刻的美，悲剧存在的意义就在于，它不只是为了赢得人们一滴同情的眼泪，而是要通过悲剧产生、发展、结局的整个过程唤起人们对生命意义的严肃思索。莎士比亚所塑造的哈姆雷特这一艺术形象及其性格特点，正是遵循了悲剧艺术的特征，从而使哈姆雷特的塑造取得了巨大的成功。在《哈姆雷特》这一不朽剧作中，始终存在着善良与邪恶等一系列激烈的矛盾冲突。哈姆雷特作为该剧的主要角色，他的命运不可避免地处于这激烈矛盾冲突的漩涡之中。身为王子的哈姆雷特被莎翁塑造为生命之美的典型，他年轻英俊，坚毅勇敢，热爱自己的国家，热爱自己的父王和母后，有着心爱的恋人奥菲莉娅，可以说，他的生命正处于人生最美好的时刻。然而，这美好的生命时光瞬息之间又消失了，他是处于一种什么样的环境之中呢？我们看到，当时的丹麦宫廷一片混乱，老王奇怪地驾崩，王后改嫁新王，国外敌军压境，国内群情激愤、一触即发，而宫中却在通宵达旦地酗酒取乐，这一切，都在哈姆雷特年轻美好的生命中投下了巨大的阴影，从而使他郁郁寡欢，认为人间不过是“一个荒芜不治的花园，长满了恶毒的莠草”，这些已经为王子年轻的生命注入了悲剧的因素。随着老王鬼魂的出现，宫廷内幕的揭开，谋杀罪行的暴露，王子心中烈火的燃起，悲剧的帷幕拉开了……面对阴险奸诈的新王，哈姆雷特开始了孤身复仇的行动：为了复仇，他失手杀死了恋人的父亲；为了复仇，他佯装疯狂失去了深爱的情人；为了复仇，他对软弱的母亲冷言相向；为了复仇，他忍受着失去友情的痛苦。最后，在一场血淋淋的宫廷决斗中，他虽然杀死了阴险狡诈的新王，但自己的生命也结束在这“牢狱”般的宫廷中。鲁迅曾经说过：“悲剧就是将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。”哈姆雷特作为一个深受广大群众爱戴的王子，他身上具备整顿局势、治理国家、报仇雪恨的能力。然而面对着以阴险奸诈的新王为代表的强大的封建势力，作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他始终把这种和人民紧密相连的事业看做个人的仇恨而孤军奋战，因此，他的悲剧既是真善美与邪恶力量相冲突的悲剧，也是一个人文主义者时代的悲剧。《哈姆雷特》这部巨作给我的力量与思索是巨大而无穷的……
搜狐博客 > 爱猴的慧 > 日志 > 文海拾贝 �0�0 上一篇 | 下一篇 �0�32007-08-19 | 哈姆雷特悲剧分析 刀尖上的露珠——哈姆雷特的悲剧命运与本性生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？这是一个永恒而经典的问题，出自一个不朽的艺术形象。哈姆雷特，他究竟何以这样屹立不倒？何以这样永垂不朽？我想就他悲剧性的命运和他的本性做一些分析。哈姆雷特形象的悲剧意义在于：从积极方面来看，他的斗争反映了文艺复兴时期人文主义思想家同封建没落势力进行豪不妥协斗争的历史进步性，是历史发展必然要求的产物。从总结经验教训的角度看，他的悲剧源于两个方面，一是他生活的时代封建力量还很强大，加之以哈姆雷特作为一个资产阶级人文主义者，他不相信人民群众，只能孤军奋战。二是他固守着文艺复兴早期关于“人”的理想，不能适应新的历史环境中人的变化的现实。哈姆雷特的悲剧，是后期人文主义者的悲剧，也是文艺复兴晚期特定时代的悲剧。——摘自《世界文学简史》李明滨 北京大学出版社2005年版（有删节）首先要说的一点是，我今天要讨论的话题是围绕着哈姆雷特本性而展开的，而并非仅仅将他看作是思想的先驱或代表者，我们可以说，哈姆雷特的形象体现了那个大的时代框架的人文主义精神，但是我们不可以由此就确信哈姆雷特是为了宣传先进的思想而存在的，这样妄然的决断是荒谬的。因为在莎士比亚创作出这个忧郁的王子的时候，只是想让他的悲剧能够打动剧场里每一个观众，而并非是要向后人鼓吹什么先进的人文主义以对抗封建势力，而和“资产阶级”“人民群众”更是无关的。我们难以摆脱现在的价值观，转而附加到原作上，甚至还将他的人性清晰地划分为资产阶级，将其悲剧的必然性归结到“不相信人民大众”的荒唐原因上，这种行为，本身就是深受意识形态的干涉，实质上是极为滑稽的。我认为有违于正确认识历史和文学的原则。
哈姆雷特的认识更加深广，但却陷入到思考的怪圈中。在一个和自己的理想信念相背谬的社会里，“生存还是毁灭”，这真是一个难以抉择的人生命题。这也是人文主义理想者所面临的无奈和不幸。时代社会的颠倒混乱，是封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的所造成的必然的阵痛。君主理想已然破灭，君臣礼仪不复存在，纲纪败坏，伦常崩溃，世风日下。而封建堡垒却更加顽固。新兴的第三等级势力仅仅处于萌芽阶段，还不为人文主义者所认识。历史的反复和螺旋状态，是人文主义理想者们不期然而然的规律。人文主义者们不是政治家，而是理想家，他们胸怀远大，目标纯正，坚持理想信念，意志坚定。绝非为了一己的目标而不择手段。在哈姆雷特机智地以“戏中戏”的方式证明这一骇人听闻的罪恶时；本可以毫不犹豫的复仇。但在克劳狄斯慌乱地向上帝祈祷时，哈姆雷特不是趁机杀死他，而是想到要在敌人罪恶昭彰时，再举起正义的剑惩罚邪恶。这不能仅仅归结为哈姆雷特的宗教情结，更不能怪罪哈姆雷特的优柔寡断，这是一个光明磊落的人文主义理想者的必然行动，而不再是宫廷权利的血腥争斗。最后哈姆雷特让他的好友霍拉旭好好活着把他“行事的始末根由昭告世人”就说明了这一点。� 人文主义者过于推崇个人的力量，这使得王子哈姆雷特看不起一般民众，嫌弃“一个平民也敢用他的脚趾去踢痛贵人的后跟了。”尽管国王曾经担忧哈姆雷特在民众中的威望，海盗也给了他应有的尊重和帮助。但哈姆雷特不可能“堕落”到像雷欧提斯那样率领暴徒攻打王宫，在暴徒的山呼万岁中登上王位。因为，这距离他心目中的人文主义理想太遥远了。只有到了十九世纪，我们才看到如雨果、狄更斯等伟大作家在文学作品中描绘的下层平民百姓攻打王宫、教堂、监狱的情景，这是历史发展的必然。 人文主义理想信念的根本在于“人”！高贵文雅，纯洁优美，勇敢坚强，兼具热情和理智，拥有平等和尊严。但在残酷的现实中，人性是那么邪恶，那么卑鄙；那么脆弱，那么善变；那么孤独，那么……“这一个泥土塑成的生命算得了什么？”但忧郁的哈姆雷特毕竟没有丧失人文主义对“人”这个“宇宙的精华，万物的灵长”的信念，而且为这个永恒的信念献出了生命。这个信念就是我们一代代人活着而且奋斗的理由。