这篇也许行吧：High-strength low-density oil field oil well cement mainly low, low permeability, easy loss cementing strata appear in the issue of lost circulation. In the low-voltage, low-permeability, easy loss stratigraphic drilling, cementing, logging and other underground work, the working fluid leakage under the pressure into the formation of the phenomenon of lost circulation. The use of high-strength low-density cement cementing oil wells can be effectively solved by cementing in the high pressure column of cement slurry, water slurry infiltration of oil, of oil pollution. At home and abroad for high-strength low-density study of oil well cement slurry system more and more concentrated in the admixture of materials and reduce the overall performance on the research, the main strength of the cement produced study material is rarely found in the literature. In this paper, Hailaer Daqing region of low pressure, low permeability, easy loss of formation, to carry out high-strength low-density study of oil well cement and cement matrix evaluate performance. Daqing Oilfield Cementing papers in accordance with the needs of the existing home and abroad in the study of high-strength low-density oil well cement slurry system, based on an increase of research on the cement matrix, high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement aging research, so that the cement mixture from the oilfield site Cementing to mix cement manufacturer by professional production possible. Research papers in the temperature of 45 ℃ conditions, low pressure, low permeability, easy loss cementing formation of high-strength low-density required for the preparation of oil well cement program, the use of closest packing theory, the nucleation theory techniques to study the cement matrix, reduce the material, the cement admixture of the three aspects of high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement, indoor study of the system. The results show that the study of cement matrix and reduce the materials and additives to optimize the preparation of high-strength low-density cement to meet the Daqing oil region Hailaer cementing requirements. The cement slurry prepared with a high early strength, suitable for thickening time, rheological properties and flow of good, good stability of cement slurry characteristics of the settlement to meet the needs of formation cementing. The cement blocks in the Daqing oil field cementing Hailaer more than 230 mouth, cementing quality. Key words: oil well cement base cement compressive strength of low-temperature rheological properties of low-density 。
The excel in low density oil-well cement main solution oil field low pressure, the low seepage, easy to leak the lost circulation question which in the stratum well cementation appears. In the low pressure, the low seepage, easy to leak the stratum well drilling, the well cementation, the oil well logging and so on each kind of downhole operation, the driving fluid leaks into under the differential pressure function to the stratum phenomenon is a lost circulation. Because uses the excel in low density oil-well cement well cementation to be possible to solve in the well cementation the cement mortar head to be excessively high effectively, the cement mortar permeating oil layer, the pollution which creates to the oil layer. domestic and foreign are many to the excel in low density oil well cement mortar system research, concentrates, in the admixture and reduces the overall performance research which on the material carries on, to mainly has the compressive strength cement parent metal research to be very actually rare in the literature. This article in view of Daqing Hairlar area low pressure, the low seepage, easy to leak the stratum, the development excel in low density oil-well cement parent metal research and the cement performance evaluation. the paper according to the Daqing Oil Field well cementation need, in studies in the domestic and foreign existing excel in low density oil well cement mortar system foundation, increased to the cement parent metal research, the excel in low density oil-well cement aging performance study, causes this cement to mix from the oil field scene mixes the well cementation to transfer by the specialized cement Manufacturer carries on possibly produces into. the paper has studied in the temperature for 45℃ the condition, the low pressure, the low seepage, easy to leak the excel in low density oil-well cement configuration plan which the stratum well cementation needs, use close technologies and so on stack theory, nucleus theory, inspected the cement parent metal, to reduce the material, the cement admixture three aspects to the excel in low density oil-well cement performance influence, conducted the indoor research to this system. the findings indicated that through to the cement parent metal research as well as to reduces the material and the admixture carries on the optimization, compounds the excel in low density oil-well cement can satisfy Daqing Hairlar area well cementation request. This cement configuration's cement mortar has the early strength high, thick time being suitable, the mobility and the changing performance is good, the cement mortar subsidence stability good characteristic, can meet the stratum well cementation needs. This cement in the Daqing Hairlar oil field sub-area well cementation more than 230 mouths, the well cementation quality is qualified. key word: Oil-well cement cement parent metal low temperature low density compressive strength changing performance
High-strength low-density oil field oil well cement mainly low, low permeability, easy loss cementing strata appear in the issue of lost circulation. In the low-voltage, low-permeability, easy loss stratigraphic drilling, cementing, logging and other underground work, the working fluid leakage under the pressure into the formation of the phenomenon of lost circulation. The use of high-strength low-density cement cementing oil wells can be effectively solved by cementing in the high pressure column of cement slurry, water slurry infiltration of oil, of oil pollution. At home and abroad for high-strength low-density study of oil well cement slurry system more and more concentrated in the admixture of materials and reduce the overall performance on the research, the main strength of the cement produced study material is rarely found in the literature. In this paper, Hailaer Daqing region of low pressure, low permeability, easy loss of formation, to carry out high-strength low-density study of oil well cement and cement matrix evaluate performance. Daqing Oilfield Cementing papers in accordance with the needs of the existing home and abroad in the study of high-strength low-density oil well cement slurry system, based on an increase of research on the cement matrix, high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement aging research, so that the cement mixture from the oilfield site Cementing to mix cement manufacturer by professional production possible. Research papers in the temperature of 45 ℃ conditions, low pressure, low permeability, easy loss cementing formation of high-strength low-density required for the preparation of oil well cement program, the use of closest packing theory, the nucleation theory techniques to study the cement matrix, reduce the material, the cement admixture of the three aspects of high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement, indoor study of the system. The results show that the study of cement matrix and reduce the materials and additives to optimize the preparation of high-strength low-density cement to meet the Daqing oil region Hailaer cementing requirements. The cement slurry prepared with a high early strength, suitable for thickening time, rheological properties and flow of good, good stability of cement slurry characteristics of the settlement to meet the needs of formation cementing. The cement blocks in the Daqing oil field cementing Hailaer more than 230 mouth, cementing quality. Key words: oil well cement base cement compressive strength of low-temperature rheological properties of low-density
High-strength low-density oil field oil well cement mainly low, low permeability, easy loss cementing strata appear in the issue of lost circulation. In the low-voltage, low-permeability, easy loss stratigraphic drilling, cementing, logging and other underground work, the working fluid leakage under the pressure into the formation of the phenomenon of lost circulation. The use of high-strength low-density cement cementing oil wells can be effectively solved by cementing in the high pressure column of cement slurry, water slurry infiltration of oil, of oil pollution. At home and abroad for high-strength low-density study of oil well cement slurry system more and more concentrated in the admixture of materials and reduce the overall performance on the research, the main strength of the cement produced study material is rarely found in the literature. In this paper, Hailaer Daqing region of low pressure, low permeability, easy loss of formation, to carry out high-strength low-density study of oil well cement and cement matrix evaluate performance. Daqing Oilfield Cementing papers in accordance with the needs of the existing home and abroad in the study of high-strength low-density oil well cement slurry system, based on an increase of research on the cement matrix, high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement aging research, so that the cement mixture from the oilfield site Cementing to mix cement manufacturer by professional production possible. Research papers in the temperature of 45 ℃ conditions, low pressure, low permeability, easy loss cementing formation of high-strength low-density required for the preparation of oil well cement program, the use of closest packing theory, the nucleation theory techniques to study the cement matrix, reduce the material, the cement admixture of the three aspects of high-strength low-density properties of oil well cement, indoor study of the system. The results show that the study of cement matrix and reduce the materials and additives to optimize the preparation of high-strength low-density cement to meet the Daqing oil region Hailaer cementing requirements. The cement slurry prepared with a high early strength, suitable for thickening time, rheological properties and flow of good, good stability of cement slurry characteristics of the settlement to meet the needs of formation cementing. The cement blocks in the Daqing oil field cementing Hailaer more than 230 mouth, cementing quality.
跟你是一个专业的，之前我也在为论文苦恼了半天，网上的范文和能搜到的资料，大都不全面，一般能有个正文就不错了，开题报告、中期报告什么的都没有，关键是没有数据和分析部分，我好不容易搞出来一篇，结果老师说太简单。还好后来找到品学论文网，直接让老师辅导我写作，非常专业，核心的部分帮我搞定了，也给了很多参考文献资料。哎，专业的事还是要找专业的人来做啊，建议有问题参考下品学论文网吧
英文摘要格式如下：
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容：
（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。
（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。
（4）结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要
英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
毕业论文答辩的准备和技巧 毕业论文答辩是毕业论文教学活动的最后一个环节。是对已完成的论文的最后审核（论文的真伪和优劣）与检验（学生对研究问题所掌握的深度与广度）;是对学生研究问题的水平和能力的综合考核，学生将要自主地以自述加答问的方式展示成果、阐述观点，应对质疑。 一、答辩前的准备 首先要做好心理准备。要克服怯场心理，消除紧张情绪，保持良好的心理状态。要有自信意识。这是学生应具备的最基本的一种心理素质。凡是有充分自信意识的学生，在答辩过程中就会精神焕发、心绪镇静、神态自若、思维敏捷、记忆完整。答辨就可以淋漓尽致地发挥。要做到自信，需要对自己的论文从内容、范围、材料有充分的理解和多方面的准备，做到烂熟于心。从整体到局部都有了然于胸的感受，这样就能对提出的种种质疑，应付自如，即使不能对答如流，至少也能迎刃而解，问有所答。真正做到“艺高胆大”，有了真才实学，就不怕别人提出质询。 其次要做好资料的准备。不要忘记将与论文有关的一些图表类资料整理好。如经济类论文答辩时，可能会涉及许多统计表、统计图、测算表、明细表、演示图等。准备许多相关的图表，悬挂在答辩现场，供作讲解之辅助工具。 最后要做好发言提纲的准备。“工欲善其事，必先利其器”不打无准备之仗，答辩者在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩： 1、自己为什么选择这个课题？ 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？ 3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？ 4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？ 5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？ 6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？ 7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？ 8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？ 对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。 二、答辩技巧 学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要，这就是所谓“自述报告”，须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读，把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要，言简意赅。不能占用过多时间，一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被，画到无时是熟时”，就是说，尽量做到词约旨丰，一语中的。要突出重点，把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明；二忌内容空泛，东拉西扯；三忌平平淡淡，没有重点。 在答辩时，学生要注意仪态与风度，这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象，就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究（如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等）认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑，挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负；肩手颈正显示正直、刚强，脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此，就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守，略为弯腰有度，稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其所具风度姿态，即使全场有肃然起敬之心，举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言，对我们确实有很大的启发。 在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是： 沉着冷静，边听边记 精神集中，认真思考 既要自信，又要虚心 实事求是，绝不勉强 听准听清，听懂听明 在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里？从哪一个角度去回答问题最好？应举什么例子来证明？回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。 二、有开头主体与结尾。 三、有条理、有层次。 四、应用词确当，语言流畅。 五、应口齿清楚、语速适度。开头要简洁：单刀直入，是最好的开头，开门见山地表述观点，在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析，即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析，实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼，由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面，而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并，整理成若干条目，列成几个小标题：分成几点，一点一点，一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃，满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来，环环相扣，条条相连，令人听完后有清楚的印象。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲，那么沿着回答问题的主线，再穿上一些玉珠（举例子）就可以做到中心明确，条理清楚，有理有例了。
论文摘要是什么？
论文摘要是为读者检索论文服务的。从摘要中应该一目了然地看出该研究作了哪些具体工作，有哪些具体成果及与以往同类研究的不同之处，便于读者在最短的时间内掌握大致的信息，从而决定是否需要进行详读。摘要是一个同学们经常忽略但实际上非常重要的部分，它需要用最少的语句表达最重要的信息。
概括成一句话：摘要是论文精华的高度浓缩，也是其的灵魂所在！
论文摘要的内容
内容摘要是毕业论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，具有独立性和自含性。应涉及本项科研工作的目的和意义、研究方法、研究成果和结论。重点应突出作者研究的创新内容和结果。
摘要中容易出现的问题
问题一：
摘要只写一大堆的研究背景和意义，只交代做了什幺，而没有写出具体的内容有什么，具体规律是什幺，具体关系是什么，具体结果有哪些等等。研究背景和研究意义的介绍应该属于引言的内容，将过多的介绍内容放入摘要会使内容空洞，缺乏给出足够的有用的信息。
问题二：
应避免对题目的重复和一般性内容的叙速。不写无用的话，如“本文所谈的有关研究工作是对过去老方法的一个极大的改进”，“本工作首次实现?”，“经检索尚未发现与本文类似的文献”等词句不要写入内容摘要。
论文摘要的格式要求
中文摘要：中文摘要部分的标题为“摘要”，用黑体三号字居中。摘要内容用小四号宋体字书写，两端对齐，汉字用宋体，外文字用Times New Roman体。
本科毕业论文的中文摘要一般约250字。
英文摘要：为了国际交流的需要，论文须有英文摘要。英文摘要的内容及关键词应与中文摘要及关键词一致，要符合英语语法，语句通顺，文字流畅。英文摘要部分的标题为“Abstract”，用Times New Roman体三号字加粗。摘要内容用小四号Times New Roman体字书写，两端对齐，标点符号用英文标点符号。
经过小编的介绍，同学们是不是才发现原来摘要还有这么多的要求，赶紧参照本文修改下格式，为自己的论文加分。另外，最好提前进行CNCNKI知网论文查重修改，这样就可以避免在学校论文查重检测修改时间不够，导致不能顺利通过检测，无法进行答辩的困境了。
毕业论文答辩注意以下几个问题，对提高成绩是有益的。 一、熟悉内容 作为将要参加毕业论文答辩的同学，首先而且必须对自己所著的论文内容有比较深刻的理解和比较全面的熟悉。所谓“深刻的理解”是对论文有横向的把握。这两方面是为回答答辩委员会成员就有关论文的深度及相关知识面而提出的问题所做的准备。例如，题为＜创建名牌产品发展民族产业＞的论文，答辩委员会成员可能会问“民族品牌”与“名牌”有何关系。尽管论文中未必涉及“民族品牌”，但学生必须对自己的论文有“比较全面的熟悉”和“比较深刻的理解”，否则，就会出现尴尬局面 二、图表穿插 任何毕业论文，无论是文科还是理科都或多或少地涉及到用图表表达论文观点的可能，应该有此准备。图表不仅是一种直观的表达观点的方法，更是一种调节答辩会气氛的手段，特别是对私人答辩委员会成员来讲，长时间地听述，听觉难免会有排斥性，不再对你论述的内容接纳吸收，这样，秘然对你的毕业论文答辩成绩有所影响。所以，应该在答辩过程事适当穿插图表或类似图表的其它媒介以提高你的答辩成绩。 三、语流适中 进行毕业论文答辩的同学一般都是首次。无数事实证明，他们在众多的都是和同学面前答辩时，说话速度往往越来越快，以致答辩委员会听不清楚，影响了答辩成绩。故答辩学生一定要注意在答辩过程中的语流速度，要有急有缓，有轻有重，不能像连珠炮似的轰向听众。 四、目光移动 毕业生在论文答辩时，一般可脱稿，也可半脱稿，也可完全不脱稿。但不管哪种开工，都应注意自己的目光，使目光时常地瞟向答辩委员会成员及会场上的同学们。这是你用目光与听众进行心灵的接触，使听众对你的论题产生兴趣的一种手段。在毕业论文答辩会上，由于听时间过长，委员们难免会有分神现象，这时，你用目光的投射会很礼貌地将他们的神“拉”回来，使委员们的思路跟你的思路走。 五、体态语辅助 虽然毕业论文答辩同其它答辩一样以口语为主，但适当的体态语运用会辅助你的答辩，使答辩效果更好。特别是手势语言的恰当运用会显得自信、有力、不容辩驳。相反，如果你在答辩过程中始终如一地直挺挺地站着，或者始终如一地低头俯视，即使你的论文结构再合理，主题再新颖，结论再正确，答辩效果也会大受影响。所以在毕业论文答辩时，一定要注意使用态语。 六、时间控制 一般在比较正规的答辩会上，都对辩手有时间要求，因此，毕业学生在进行论文答辩时应重视时间的掌握。对时间的控制要有力度，到该截止的时间立即结束，这样，显得有准备，对内容的掌握和控制也轻车熟路，容易给答辩委员会成员一个良好的印象。故在答辩前应该对将要答辩的内容有时间上的估计。当然在答辩过程中灵活地减少或增加也是对时间控制的一种表现，应该重视的。 七、紧扣主题 在校园中进行毕业论文答辩，往往辩手较多，因此，对于答辩委员会成员来说，他们不可能对每一位的论文内容有全面的了解，有的甚至连题目也不一定熟悉。因此，在整个答辩过程中能否围绕主题进行，能否最后扣题就显得非常重要了。另外，委员们一般也容易就题目所涉及的问题进行提问，如果能自始至终地以论文题目为中心展开论述就会使评委思维明朗化，对你的论文加以首肯。 八、人称使用 在毕业论文答辩过程中必然涉及人称使用问题，建议尽量多地使用第一人称，如“我”“我们”，即使论文中的材料是引用他人的，用“我们引用”了哪儿哪儿的数据或材料，特别是毕业论文大多是你自己作的，所以要更多使用而且是果断地、大胆地使用第一人称“我”和“我们”。如果是这样，会使答辩委员会成员有这样的印象：东西是你的，工作做了不少!
学术堂整理了一份毕业论文答辩的陈述技巧,供大家进行参考:1、要熟悉论文并反复练习.严格控制好时间,最好是准备两个讲述版本:3分钟和5分钟,3分钟版本有助于理清陈述的思路;而5分钟版本则能够进一步讲解论文中细节,也是多数答辩的时限要求.然后反复练习5-10遍,并进行录音回放,纠正自己的口音和口头语.2、逻辑清晰.虽然论文写作时会分章节进行,但这只是为了保证论文结构清晰.在答辩陈述时,则需围绕上述四个问题(What,Why, How, What)组织PPT的内容和结构,分章陈述反而会破坏思路的连贯性.各部分内容之间加入一些转承会让你的答辩陈述逻辑更加清晰.3、语速适中或略快,以清晰陈述为宜.略快可以,体现对内容的熟悉,学术上的自信,太快或太慢都不好.答辩陈述中要观察听众的反应,适当加入停顿或变换语调,以便重新聚合听众的注意力.4、肢体语言.可以用适当的肢体语言来强调,但不要背对听众,要诚恳地用眼睛交流.用目光照顾每一位评委,不要眼顾其他,飘忽不定.不要把手插到兜里,尤其是只把大拇指插到兜里;不要乱晃;不要双手交叉抱在胸前.5、注意开场白、结束语的礼仪,要用纯学术语言陈述.6、陈述的内容,是要提前在纸上写好的;口才较好的,也要有提纲.不能临时发挥.最好能脱稿陈述,读自己预先拟写的陈述稿也是可以的,但不能读论文本身,直接读论文摘要或论文的结论部分,都不太好.
问题一：本科生毕业论文答辩内容摘要怎么写 XX大学本科毕业论文成绩登记表姓名:准考证号:专业:毕业论文题目:内容概述:指导教师评语:指导教师签名:_______________答辩小组意见：答辩小组组长签名:_________论文成绩:内容提要：（另起一页）关键词：知识经济、可持续发展目录（另起一页）一、知识经济概述……………………………………………1（一）知识经济的定义与特征……………………………………11、知识经济的定义…………………………………………………1论文正文(另起一页）一、知识经济概述[四号宋体加黑]（一）知识经济的定义与特征[小四号宋体加黑]1．知识经济的定义。[正文均用小四号宋体]l页面设置：页边距：上厘米、下2厘米、左厘米、右厘米；距边界：页眉厘米、页脚1厘米。l整篇文章段落行距为固定值20磅。l注释用尾注！l所有论文电子版中的彩色部分都要转换成以黑白形式表达。l论文中的图表、图像等图形内容，请以图片格式插入其中，不要在WORD里边直接以绘图或文本框的组合图形表示。注释:[小五楷体](1)张令新:“论中小企业人力资源的开发”，载《福建论坛》2001年第3期。(2)张令新:“论中小企业人力资源的开发”，.（3）张令新:《人力资源开发开发与管理》，社会科学文献出版社1999年2月版，第32页。参考文献：（另起一页）[小五宋体]1、张令新:《人力资源开发开发与管理》，社会科学文献出版社1999年2月版。2、…… 问题二：论文答辩记录怎么写 一、选题 选题在学术论文写作中具有头等重要的意义。这是因为，只有研究有意义的课题，才能获得好的效果，对科学事业和现实生活有益处；而一项毫无意义的研究，即使研究得再好， 论文写作得再美，也是没有科学价值的。钱学森教授认为：“研究课题要紧密结合国家的需 要。……在研究方法上要防止钻牛角尖，搞烦琐 哲学 。 目前 在 社会 科学中，有的人就古人的 一句话大作文章，反复考证，写一大篇论文，我看没有什么意思。”因此，我们要选择有科 学价值的课题进行研究和写作。那么，应该根据哪些原则来选题呢？ （一）具有科学性。它应包括：急待解决的课题；科学上的新发现，新创造；学科上短缺或空白的填补； 通行说法的纠正；前人理论的补充；等等。 （二）有利于展开。指的是：要有浓厚的兴趣；能发挥业务专长；先易后难，大小适中；已占有一定的资料；能得到导师指导；在一定时间内能完成；对题目加以限定。 注意事项 1、摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容；切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要；一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。 2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》，摘要的开头就不要再写：“为了……，对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。 3、结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。摘要先写什么，后写什么，要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯，互相呼应。摘要慎用长句，句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词，但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文，电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。 4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题，不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。 5、要使用规范化的名词术语，不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的，可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。 6、除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格。 7、不用引文，除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。 8、缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有：要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。 问题三：申请职称时,填写论文,能力答辩摘要怎么写 论文发表也是各位评级别的作者最头疼的事情，各种要求搅的作者一头雾水，在做论文之前建议每一位评职称的作者不要着急，先找自己单位问清楚发表论文的要求，虽然大同小异，但是各个地区的各个单位要求也是不一样的，比如有些单位要求有一定数量的中文核心，有的单位却要求被SCI、EI等数据库索引的文章，还有就是各个单位要求期刊也不一样，都的要求影响因子大于1，有的期刊不是核心，却也能用来评高工职称，所以在作者想要评高级职称的时候先不着急准备文章，但是一定要把握投稿时间，一般都提前至少3个月开始投稿，准备论文的时候先咨询好自己单位的要求，然后选择期刊，根据期刊的要求写文章，这样就会事半功倍，在这里我给大家总结了一些评职称和杂志要求，也是大家评职称中遇到的一些问题，希望能帮到大家。 1.教育教师系统： 小学高级职称或者以下，2―3篇文章。2000字符左右。省级教育类期刊即可。 中学中级职称，2―3篇文章，2000字符以上，省级教育类期刊即可。 中学高级职称，2―3篇文章，2000字符以上，省级教育类专业期刊，（教育厅主管单位）。 中专技校职称，2―3篇文章，2000字符以上，省级教育类期刊即可。 高职高专讲师，3――5篇文章。2000字符以上。省级期刊即可。 副教授（副高）或者正教授（正高）要求4篇左右中文核心期刊，一般杂志数量不定。 2.经济财会系统： 高级经济师：3篇左右文章，3000字符以上，省级以上经济管理类期刊即可。 高级会计师：3篇左右文章，3000字符以上，省级以上经济管理类期刊即可。 3.建筑工程系统： 中级工程师：2篇文章，2000字符以上，省级以上科技科工类期刊即可。 高级工程师：2篇以上，3000字符以上，省级以上科工类或者建筑类等专业期刊。 4.农林水利系统： 中级工程师：2篇文章，2000字符以上，省级以上科技科工类期刊即可。 高级工程师：2篇以上，3000字符以上，省级以上科工类或者专业期刊。 5.医学护理系统： 中级职称，2篇以上，2000字符以上，省级医学类期刊即可。 副高职称，2篇以上，2000字符以上，医学类专业期刊或者国家级医学类期刊。 问题四：申请职称时，填写论文，能力答辩摘要怎么写 论文的完成情况表现出该生具有扎实的基础理论和系统的专业知识; 从 课题的完成情况可以看出: 该同学表现出较强的科学研究、 独立分析、 解决问题 的能力。 论文内容充实，论据充分，撰写格式规范，层次清楚，叙述文笔流畅。 答辩中自我讲述条理清晰，重点突出，表现出良好的语言表达和组织能力; 答辩思路清晰，反应敏捷，回答问题正确。 问题五：毕业论文答辩陈述说什么啊？ 首先，将你的论文纲要列出来（主要的论点），方便自己向答辩委员会陈述自己的观点。其次，针对自己所陈述的论点，准备一些与之有关的论文中没有提到的理据（最好是事实论据，即例子），因为，在你陈述完自己的观点后，答辩委员会的老师通常会根据你的论文内容，向你提出与论文相关的一至两个问题。比如，我在陈述共性教育对学生个性发展的制约时，老师就向我提出这样的问题：“你认为教师的教学模式对学生有怎样的影响？”我就根据自己的理解，举了一个学生质疑精神培养的例子来说明：共性教育唯教材是准不会怀疑教材的准确性；个性教育培养学生敢于怀疑、不迷信权威的精神，敢于怀疑课本知识的正确性。例：《桃花源记》中对两个“外人”的解释是否正确，学生就产生了怀疑，这是以往的学生从未发现的问题，这和老师平时对学生敢于怀疑的意识的培养是分不开的。老师们很满意我的回答，我的论文被推荐发表。祝你好运！ 问题六：论文答辩，演讲稿内容分为哪几部分？可以从摘要，介绍，结论中选取，凑成一片演讲稿吗？ 不同类型、不同内容的演讲稿，其结构方式也各不相同，但结构的基本形态都是由开头、主体、结尾三部分构成。各部分的具体要求如下： 1．开头要先声夺人，富有吸引力 演讲稿的开头，也叫开场白，它犹如戏剧开头的“镇场”，在全篇中占据重要的地位。 问题七：辽宁大学论文答辩的会议记录摘要怎么写 论文是一项“系统工程”，在正式动笔之前，要对文章进行通盘思考，检查一下各项准备工作是否已完全就绪。首先，要明确主题。主题是文章的统帅，动笔之前必须想得到十分清楚。清人刘熙载说：“凡作一篇文，其用意俱可以一言蔽之。扩之则为千万言，约之则为一言，所谓主脑者是也。”(《艺概》)作者要想一想，自己文章的主题能否用一句话来概括。主题不明，是绝对不能动手写文的。 问题八：毕业论文答辩需要讲什么，要注意什么？ 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 问题九：论文大摘要怎么写 番茄是巴彦淖尔市的支柱产业，番茄产业为该市的经济增长做出了贡献。而番茄的加工产业是整个番茄产业中举足骇重的一环。本文从番茄加工产业入手，立足于河套地区，分析河套地区番茄加工产业的现状，找出目前发展存在的不合理并给予合理的改正建议及措施。 问题十：毕业设计摘要怎么写 5分 一、毕业论文（设计）的基本规范要求 1、毕业论文（设计）要求选用A4纸打印。 2、毕业论文（设计）文本结构： （1）封皮 （2）成绩评议表 （3）毕业论文（设计）任务书 （4）指导教师意见 （5）评阅教师意见 （6）答辩小组意见 （7）中文摘要、关键词 （8）英文摘要、关键词 （9）目录 （10）正文 （11）参考文献 （12）致谢 （13）附录 除“附录”随文章内容可有可无外，其它12项内容缺一不可。 3、工作量要求： （1）论文（设计）字数，理科类原则上不低于3000字，文科类不应少于6000字，工科类不少于7000字。 （2）索引参考文献须达到10篇以上。 4、参考文献：正文之后应列出参考文献，参考文献只限于作者亲自阅读过的、且在公开出版物上发表的文献。为了反映文稿的科学依据和尊重他人的研究成果，正文中在引用参考文献处的文字的右上角，应用标明有关信息的出处。参考文献的编录要求： （1）［1…］中的序号应与正文中引用该文献时所标出的“［ 1…］”中的序号一致。 （2）引用文献为期刊时，除序号外，还要标明6项内容，其先后排列顺序为：作者姓名.文章名称.期刊名称，出版年，卷号（期号）：起始页码（注意标点符号，如作者姓名和文章名称后用“.” 期刊名称后用“，”）。 例如：［2］ 章志英等．四黄斑吉丁虫色斑型变异．江西植保，1993，16（2）：26 （3）引用文献为书籍时，除序号外，还要标明5-6项内容，其先后排列顺序为：编（著）者.书名.版次（第一版不标注）.出版地：出版社，出版年（同样要注意标点符号）。 例如：［5］张格成，姜元振，王金有．果园农药使用指南．北京：金盾出版社，1993 （4）引用文献为学术会议论文集时，除序号外，还要标明9项内容，其先后排列顺序为：作者.论文题目.In（见）：文集编者姓名ed.（编，多编者用eds.）.学术会议文集名称，出版地：出版者，出版年份：页码 （5）引用文献为学位论文时，除序号外，还要标明5项内容，其先后排列顺序为：题名；[学位论文]（英文用[Dissertation]）,保存地点，保存单位，年份 5、毕业论文打印格式 （1）纸型：A4；页边距：上3cm、下、左、右2cm；页眉2cm，页脚2cm，应用于“整篇文档”。论文要求双面打印。 页眉内容：小五号楷体，单倍行距，居中对齐，奇数页为“作者：论文题目”，偶数页为“江苏农林职业技术学院毕业论文（设计）”。 页码的格式为：奇数页在右下脚标注，偶数页在左下脚标注。 （2）文章内容的格式、字体要求： 题目：用二号黑体；副标题用三号楷体，与其下内容摘要之间空一行； 摘要用五号黑体，后用冒号，其内容用五号楷体，单倍行距，两端对齐，左右各缩进1个字符；关键词用五号黑体，每个关键词之间用分号隔开，与其下英文摘要之间空一行。 英文摘要：题目用小四号Times New Roman体加粗，居中对齐，下空行，内容用五号Times New Roman体，单倍行距，两端对齐，左右各缩进1个字符，与其下正文之间空一行。 “目录”二字用三号黑体，内容用四号宋体，两端对齐，首行缩进2个字符。 正文主体用小四号宋体，行距用固定值19磅，两端对齐，首行缩进2个字符。 一级标题：小三号仿宋体，行距固定值19磅，上空1行、下空行，首行无缩进。 二级标题（如，中间点用半角）：四号楷体，行距固定值19磅，上、下各空行，首行无缩进，如需二行，悬挂缩进，即文......>>
谈谈毕业论文答辩格式要求有哪些
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。以下是我为大家整理的毕业论文答辩格式要求有哪些，希望能帮到大家，更多内容请浏览()。
一般说来，一篇毕业论文要具备相对固定的格式。这些提到的毕业论文格式仅供参考。学校有具体规定的，则按规定办。这里以文件中规定的毕业论文格式为准。
①论文题目，有的含副标题。题目之下是作者署名，署名之前或下边一行写作者的校、院、系、年级。
②“摘要”与“关键词”(或称“内容提要”)，一般为300字左右。位于作者署名之后，正文之前。关键词，结合标题和正文内容一般选取3至5个。
③引论。用“o”标示，常写作“引言”、“引论”、“绪论”，引言较短时可不标出“o.引言”类小标题。引论的内容一般是交代选题背景，主要有:课题来源，本课题在国内外的研究进展状况。已有的研究成果，存在的问题。选题的意义，讨论的问题。本文分几部分，从哪些方面进行讨论，以及指导思想、论证方法等，均可根据内容的需要写在引论中。
④正论。正论常分几部分写，分别标示“一”“二”“三”“四”等，有的加小标题，或以分论点的形式出现，以凸现论述的观点或主要内容。这部分是对研究过程及分析、归纳、概括的表达，体现出分析方法与思路，充分有力的论证。正论还要体现出明确的指导思想。
⑤结论。一般用“结语”“小结”“余论”等标示。也可不标示“结语”之类的词儿，在正论之后空一行直接写结论或总结。 在毕业论文格式中，结论是对整个研究工作的归纳、综合或概括，也可以提出进一步研究的建议。若是在正论之后，对相关联的问题还想简短论述一下，或是对较为重要的问题再说一些想法，可写成“余论”。
⑥毕业论文致谢。接上文另起一段。简述自己撰写毕业论文的.体会，并对指导老师以及有关人员表示感谢。“毕业论文致谢”并非形式，也不是走过场，是一个大学生修养的表现。
⑦注释与参考资料。注释专指“本文注”，即作者对论文有关内容所作的解释，一般用脚注(放在本页末)(属毕业论文格式的非必备项)。 参考文献专指“引文注”，即作者对引用他人作品的有关内容所作的说明，在引文结束处右上角用[1][2]等标示，序号与文末参考文献列表一致。同一著作或文章被多次引用时只著录一次。
⑧附录。收录和论文有直接关系的文字材料、图表、数据、试验结果等。中文方面的毕业论文 格式中作附录的情况似乎不多见(属毕业论文格式的非必备项)。
以上是一篇毕业论文格式要求，是一般撰写毕业论文必需的表达形式，其中除“注释”和“附录”可有可无外，其他部分的毕业论文格式是必备的。
拓展知识：答辩开场白
各位老师好!我叫xxx，来自xxx，我的论文题目是“行政系统中的非正式组织评估”。在这里，请允许我向xx老师的悉心指导表示深深的谢意，向各位老师不辞劳苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢。下面我将从论文的思想内容、结构框架、遣词造句三个方面向各位老师作一大概介绍，恳请各位老师批评指导。
首先，在思想内容上，本文以行政管理学的一个遗漏点，即行政系统中的非正式组织为切入点进行探索。通过对图书馆近百本著作进行调查，我发现其中仅有复旦大学出版社出版的行政学原理、公共行政学涉及到了行政系统中的非正式组织。非正式组织作为官场中的“第二种友谊”，对公共部门人力资源管理会产生很大影响。因此，论题本身具有一定的理论和现实意义。作为矛盾的统一体，任何行政组织内都会产生一定的非正式组织结构。行政组织或多或少受到非正式组织的影响，纵观非正式组织正反两方面的作用，它可能成为正式组织发展的助力，也可能成为正式组织发展的阻力。因此，组织管理者应对其加以正确认识并积极引导，把握其概念、和特点和作用，正确运用其正向功能，克服其负向功能，从而使非正式组织朝着更有利于组织发展和目标实现的方向迈进。
其次，在结构框架上，本文分成三个部分：
第一部分为行政系统中非正式组织概述，包括行政系统中非正式组织的概念、特点及其沟通。
第二部分从正反两方面对行政系统中非正式组织的作用进行剖析。
第三部分介绍了行政系统中非正式组织的管理对策。
最后，在遣词造句上，虽然我对全文做了细致修改，但个别语句语序凌乱、语句僵硬、口语化的问题依然不可避免。另外，全文仅是对行政系统中非正式组织的一次初探，对管理心理学、组织行为学、领导科学等方面的知识涉及较少，期盼今后加以完善。
书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。在老师的指导下，我知道了毕业论文怎么写。通过此次毕业论文写作，我愈发感觉到自己知识的匮乏和视野的狭窄。路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索。小小拙作，敬请各位老师雅正。
再一次谢谢各位老师。
哎 我也是英语专业 答辩刚过 你就直接在摘要和introduction，conclusion里摘一点 每段再选几句代表性的话语就差不多了 我就这么过的
根据自己需要选择格式就行了
哎 我也是英语专业 答辩刚过 你就直接在摘要和introduction，conclusion里摘一点 每段再选几句代表性的话语就差不多了 我就这么过的
XX大学本科毕业论文成绩登记表姓名:准考证号:专业:毕业论文题目:内容概述:指导教师评语:指导教师签名:_______________答辩小组意见：答辩小组组长签名:_________论文成绩:内容提要：（另起一页）关键词：知识经济、可持续发展目录（另起一页）一、知识经济概述……………………………………………1（一）知识经济的定义与特征……………………………………11、知识经济的定义…………………………………………………1论文正文(另起一页）一、知识经济概述[四号宋体加黑]（一）知识经济的定义与特征[小四号宋体加黑]1．知识经济的定义。[正文均用小四号宋体]l页面设置：页边距：上厘米、下2厘米、左厘米、右厘米；距边界：页眉厘米、页脚1厘米。l整篇文章段落行距为固定值20磅。l注释用尾注！l所有论文电子版中的彩色部分都要转换成以黑白形式表达。l论文中的图表、图像等图形内容，请以图片格式插入其中，不要在WORD里边直接以绘图或文本框的组合图形表示。注释:[小五楷体](1)张令新:“论中小企业人力资源的开发”，载《福建论坛》2001年第3期。(2)张令新:“论中小企业人力资源的开发”，.（3）张令新:《人力资源开发开发与管理》，社会科学文献出版社1999年2月版，第32页。参考文献：（另起一页）[小五宋体]1、张令新:《人力资源开发开发与管理》，社会科学文献出版社1999年2月版。2、……
毕业论文啊。难道还要借鉴别人的嘛，自己根据自己的实际情况写就好。