英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
主要阐述论文选题创新之处,依据, 新意(originality), 主要内容和结论; 大约3-5分钟, 接着答辩老师根据你的论文进行提问,其实一般情况下答辩教师不听的
如果是英文论文答辩的话，主要在于阐述你的思路、方法和summary，其实这些都是可以提前准备的。最重要的是要对论文有足够的了解，应付老师各种提问才是关键。
同学：您好！首先解释一下论文答辩的一般过程和要求。一般答辩老师会针对论文的选题意义及原因、文献梳理、创新点、研究方法（写作方法）、论述过程和结论，以及论文的格式和体例有个大致的了解。之后，会针对论文的上述这些方面进行一些提问。第二，答辩时老师的关注点在哪里。这个问题比较复杂，因为不同老师的专业倾向不同，所以对你的论文的关注点也不一样，如果你写的东西正好和答辩老师的专业领域相近，那么就比较麻烦，这是由于答辩老师对你写的东西比较了解，因此也就会问的比较多，尤其是研究问题、文献和论述中的逻辑或方法。反之，如果老师对你写的东西不是特别了解，那么基本上就只是问一些细枝末节的东西，比如格式、体例、标点符号错误、拼写错误。（我一同学运气比较差，写的电影语言的翻译问题，结果碰到两个老师，一个是翻译的一个是电影文学的。。。。）至于，文学方向，这就需要学生对所选择的文学作品、作者、文学现象等内容比较全面的了解，最好能有个系统的整理，这种整理不需要太过详细，只需要列出一个提纲提示自己一下（trigger your memory）即可。第三，语言是关键。无论是什么专业的答辩老师，语言功底都比较深厚，因此，语言问题是老师最容易或最普遍的问题，老师会对语法、用词、句法、文法、拼写等等语言基本问题纠缠一下。（要不怎么显出他们水平比你高呢？）因此，把论文的语言做好是必须的，也是基本的要求。第四，题外话。一般老师都会问几句题外话，比如：你觉得学英语怎么样？工作好找吗？你学英语从事什么工作比较好，研究还是应用？（我答辩时，老师没怎么问我论文，就是问了这个问题）。这种提问一般就是考察学生的口语水平，因此就需要平时的积累。口语好的同学就不必发愁了。第五，论文体例或格式。这个是老师最先考察的内容，如果他们发现你的格式有些不一致或是不漂亮，就会影响整体效果，认为你态度不好。第六，千万不要抄袭。是不是抄袭，老师基本上一看就知道，所以这方面就不要冒险尝试了，我身边有无数同学有这种问题，都被发现了。希望对你有帮助。
答辩时怎样回答有关论文创新点的问题 通过几年来作为答辩委员会成员的实践和观察，我认为进行毕业论文答辩注意以下几个问题，对提高成绩是有益的。一、熟悉内容作为将要参加毕业论文答辩的同学，首先而且必须对自己所著的论文内容有比较深刻的理解和比较全面的熟悉。所谓“深刻的理解”是对论文有横向的把握。这两方面是为回答答辩委员会成员就有关论文的深度及相关知识面而提出的问题所做的准备。例如，题为＜创建名牌产品发展民族产业＞的论文，答辩委员会成员可能会问“民族品牌”与“名牌”有何关系。尽管论文中未必涉及“民族品牌”，但学生必须对自己的论文有“比较全面的熟悉”和“比较深刻的理解”，否则，就会出现尴尬局面二、图表穿插任何毕业论文，无论是文科还是理科都或多或少地涉及到用图表表达论文观点的可能，故我认为应该有此准备。图表不仅是一种直观的表达观点的方法，更是一种调节答辩会气氛的手段，特别是对私人答辩委员会成员来讲，长时间地听述，听觉难免会有排斥性，不再对你论述的内容接纳吸收，这样，秘然对你的毕业论文答辩成绩有所影响。所以，应该在答辩过程事适当穿插图表或类似图表的其它媒介以提高你的答辩成绩。三、语流适中进行毕业论文答辩的同学一般都是首次。无数事实证明，他们在众多的都是和同学面前答辩时，说话速度往往越来越快，以致答辩委员会听不清楚，影响了答辩成绩。故答辩学生一定要注意在答辩过程中的语流速度，要有急有缓，有轻有重，不能像连珠炮似的轰向听众。四、目光移动毕业生在论文答辩时，一般可脱稿，也可半脱稿，也可完全不脱稿。但不管哪种开工，都应注意自己的目光，使目光时常地瞟向答辩委员会成员及会场上的同学们。这是你用目光与听众进行心灵的接触，使听众对你的论题产生兴趣的一种手段。在毕业论文答辩会上，由于听时间过长，委员们难免会有分神现象，这时，你用目光的投射会很礼貌地将他们的神“拉”回来，使委员们的思路跟你的思路走。五、体态语辅助虽然毕业论文答辩同其它答辩一样以口语为主，但适当的体态语运用会辅助你的答辩，使答辩效果更好。特别是手势语言的恰当运用会显得自信、有力、不容辩驳。相反，如果你在答辩过程中始终如一地直挺挺地站着，或者始终如一地低头俯视，即使你的论文结构再合理，主题再新颖，结论再正确，答辩效果也会大受影响。所以在毕业论文答辩时，一定要注意使用态语。六、时间控制一般在比较正规的答辩会上，都对辩手有时间要求，因此，毕业学生在进行论文答辩时应重视时间的掌握。对时间的控制要有力度，到该截止的时间立即结束，这样，显得有准备，对内容的掌握和控制也轻车熟路，容易给答辩委员会成员一个良好的印象。故在答辩前应该对将要答辩的内容有时 论文创新点怎么写 首先，我们需要知道论文创新点对于一篇论文的重要性。现在网络上的论文越来越多，许多论文都是由其他的论文剪切拼接成的，对于一个搞学术的来说，这种做法不但对于学术研究没有任何帮助，而且也会浪费自己的时间。 我们要写好一篇论文，必须知道论文写作的意义，这篇论文和其他已经出现的论文有什么不同，这篇论文能够有什么贡献。相对于其他论文的不同，相对于其他论文的贡献其实就是我们论文的创新。 其次，我们需要知道论文创新点怎么获得。论文的创新点不是凭空出现的，一篇好的论文，一个好的创新点是需要大量的知识积累的。但是，创新点又不简单的是知识的积累。它是需要我们阅读大量过去学者的文章，积累大量的知识，然后站在巨人的肩膀上看问题，看的更远一点，看的更透彻一点，能够有自己的新想法，这些新的想法就是我们文章的创新点。最后，具体的说一下论文创新点的写法。 我们研究一个主题，先要有这个主题相关的知识积累。这部分知识积累可以来自于我们的专业学习，也可以通过后期自己阅读大量的文献资料获得。积累了一部分知识后，就构成了我们研究的平台，我们下一步就是再这个平台上能够建立一个杆子。这个杆子越高，代表我们研究的越深。那么这个杆子怎么让它高点呢？这就需要我们阅读大量专家学者关于这个主题的研究，在阅读的时候，我们需要不断的思考，思考他们都做了哪些研究，哪些地方值得我们学习，哪些地方我们有不同的看法。对于有不同看法的地方，我们应该怎么去处理。当我们把这些问题想明白的时候，创新点也就出来了。 论文创新点怎么写 你发现的现象的弊端，肯定就有相应的创新点啊。 可以帮助。 毕业论文创新点怎么写范文 指标，但股权激励的对象是公司的管理层，评价激励的有效性时应该衡量管理层的业绩。目前国内大部分的研究都不区分公司业绩与管理层业绩，考虑到国有企业的特殊性，本文选取管理层业绩作为股权激励有效性的衡量指标，剔除市场环境、市场结构与企业资源对企业经济业绩的影响后，观察国有企业股权激励的真实效果。为我国国有企业建立长期有效的激励制度提供实证依据。 3、引入相对业绩评价理论。系统阐述了相对业绩评价理论，并基于相对业绩评价理论结合我国国有企业的特点从会计回报、公司发展、股票回报三个不同的角度确定国有上市公司的相对业绩。 4、运用新的模型。在对我国国有上市公司股权激励有效性实证分析时，本文并没有直接运用前人已有的模型，而是将各种模型进行回归比较，探寻最佳模型，以使回归结果更真实准确的反应股权激励比例与管理层业绩之间的关系，对我国国有上市公司具有直接的借鉴意义。 在对国有上市公司股权激励的研究中，笔者深深的感受到了这一研究课题的奥秒无穷。虽然笔者己经做了大量的研究与努力，但由于个人对股权激励的认识还不够深入，加之个人的精力能力有限，本文还是存在着以下不足: 1、研究对象的局限性。本文的管理层股权激励只是针对国有上市公司做了相关的研究，但是管理层激励问题并非只存在国有上市公司，国有非上市公司中也大量存在。由于国有非上市公司的相关数据难以收集整理，因此本文的研究结论可能只适用于国有上市公司，对国有非上市公司的适用性有待于研究，这导致研究成果的推广缺乏应用基础。 2、数据选取的局限性。由于本文选取股权分置改革后的数据为研究样本，我国分置改革时间很短，相关的法律法规也并不完善，所以实施股权激励的国有上市公司并不是很多，从而导致了研究样本容量相对较少。 3、指标选择的局限性。本文选择相对业绩作为被解释变量，由于非财务指标难以量化以及我国国有企业业绩评价的特殊性，本文在衡量相对业绩时只选择了单一的财务指标，并没有构建全面的相对业绩评价体系。其次，影响股权激励有效性的因素十分广泛，由于笔者知识储备的局限，本文研究只选取了部分控制变量，可能考虑不尽详全，这些都将影响研究结果的准确性。 4、研究方法的局限性。本文选择相对业绩作为股权激励有限性的替代变量，但相对业绩评价理论的发展时间尚短。国外有关于相对业绩评价理论的研究很多，但我国的研究还处于初始阶段。而且大多用于研究管理层薪酬问题，几乎没有涉足过股权激励。那么相对业绩评价理论对股权激励的适用性有待于进一步检验。 5、缺少验证。由于数据收集的局限性以及时间关系，在进行描述性分析时，国有上市股权激励前后公司绩效是否有所变化本文没有实施验证，这是本文的又一不足之处。 如何找到论文的创新点，求教 创新难，难创新，首先就是要找到创新的点，才能想实现创新的途径和方法。我觉得可以从如何几个方面： 1。科研扫盲，这是创新的第一步也是必要的一步。 首先是把导师，师兄，师姐的文章和学术论文，科学基金的申请成功报告，没中的申请报告，结题报告，横向课题的报告，咨询报告等全部浏览一遍，知道自己在什么领域，这个领域你的导师和前几届做什么，这个对于硕士来说，我觉得很有必要。这相当于给你科研扫盲，对于那些博士跨学科的来说，也是很有必要的。 2。寻找问题和分解问题，创新的源头。 如连问题都找不到或不知道如何分解问题，科研的基本功需要加强和科研思考的方式需要转换。 多参加知名专家或者基金委或者部委的讲座。这个可以听到很多现实问题的描述，不一定是怎么解决，可能是抛出了问题。问题导向，往往就是我们研究的出发点。还有有的虫子可以走捷径，就是关注当年国家基金（自然、社科、863，973等）申请指南和已经中标的基金项目，这些都有网站，上面都有每年中标项目和项目列表统计，多去看看。如果2007年，有个基金项目你正好赶兴趣，这时你正好处于选题时候，就可以选他，等那个基金结题了，你的博士论文也差不多了。尽管处于两个地方，但是肯定结果不一样。还有就是多观察和对经常见的问题问个为什么？不要相信任何权威，敢于对一切质疑。导师不一定是对的。许多重大创新都是建立对权威的挑战，这样的例子数不胜数。这个问题如果延伸到医学，你看那些得胃病的人，往往是饱一顿饿一顿，或者经常吃的很饱（据说经常吃的很饱容易变傻），其实如果我们让得胃病的人吃饭的时候“适度亏缺”不就容易了吗？接下来的问题就是：那么为什么适度亏缺就可以了？我们可以发明什么药物让这个人吃了这个药胃还没吃饱情况下就产生饱意或者适度亏缺呢？所以，问题就是要平时多观察一些细致的问题或者已经发生的问题，我们往往对我们习以为常的问题，不问为什么，建议大家看看每年搞笑诺贝尔奖的情况。 3。看文献——获取创新灵感或者解决问题方法的路径依赖。 看文献，不是看书。这个很多虫子也贡献了很多经验。但是我周围的人也知道小木虫，但是很多人看了那么多经验，可是看完了还是很困惑？原因何在呢？我观察了很周边的同学和同事，我发觉一个重要的就是动手太少，看纸质期刊太少。这个我想小木虫很多发SCI的，一般看国外期刊，但是现在很多图书馆的国外学术期刊也有纸质版本，看纸质版本，你可以浏览到你的这个领域顶级期刊相关的研究，一些人为什么没有找不到创新，有可能就是根本不知道自己研究的领域到底有那些方向。随便浏览纸质版本，或许一个并不相关的问题，你无意中看到了，给了你启发，电脑搜索的电子文献往往我们是按主题或者关键词搜索的，请问，你能保证你提前设置的关键词是最新的吗？创新要看不同主题的文章，很多来源于交叉和其他学科。当然有的学科即使要创新也要需要实验设备支撑，这个也是不断磨合的过程。要想找到自己创新点，我觉得看文献很重要。如何看呢？首先，准备好一个不大不小的笔记本（可以命名为科研灵感本），最好有个厚重封皮，准备一支笔。去图书馆期刊阅览室，带着前面1，2想到的问题和听到的问题（也要记在你那个专门的科研灵感本上），静下心来，加起来的时间至少2个月，边看期刊的时候，如果闪现什么灵感，马上记下来，切记，一定要记下来，好记忆不如烂笔头，注明出处，你的灵感是解决什么问题的，这个文献给你的启示到底是什么，如果你当时沿着这个灵感还有其他想法，就沿着这个思路下去，直到你不知道写什么，那么就停止，看第二篇。看期刊，最好是从目录看起，稍微沾边的都要浏览一下。对于做实验的科研来说，一般中文期刊比较少......>> 研究生毕业论文的选题意义和创新点怎么写 提供一个开题报告范文范例，仅供参考，有什么不懂的地方可以问我，希望对你开题报告写作能有帮助。你可以按下面几部分开始写： 理论意义是指对于学科理论体系的构建和研究的意义，这主要要联系个人专业背景来谈； 现实意义是指运用方面的意义，比如说可以供心理辅导、学校心理健康课参考，引起全社会对家庭教育的重视等等。 本毕业论文研究的现实意义 本研究拟解决的问题是如何鼓励员表现出抑制性进谏行为，研究结论可以为组织管理实践提供以下三个方面的建议：第一，员工与直接上级的高质量关系能促进员工的抑制性进谏行为，那么组织管理实践中实施措施来培养员工形成与直接上级的高质量关系非常重要。从更为广泛的角度来讲，则说明工作团队的直接上级对员工抑制性进谏行为的表现有重大影响。因此，从直接上级的角度来看，本研究结论对组织管理实践的启示有三点： 首先，直接上级可以培养与员工的高质量关系(例如Burrisetal.，2008)，这能减少员工进谏前的顾虑，激发其表现出更多的抑制性进谏行为.其次，直接上级对进谏者的反馈也值得考量，合适的行为反馈反过来会鼓励员工的抑制性进谏行为，例如领导者即使不采纳意见也要对员工表现出进谏行为给予肯定，反之则会挫伤员工进谏的积极性。最后，组织开展面向领导者的培训课程，让领导者明白团队成员的多样性看法和观点对于团队运作的价值，使领导者养成对员工进谏的接纳态度。 第二，建立高水平的团队认同意义重大。建立员工对团队的认同感是一个长期的不能间断的任务，从员工新加入团队开始到长期在团队工作的整个过程，都要不断强调员工的认同感。尤其是当新员工加入团队时，他们经历的组织社会化(organizational socialization)过程对于团队认同的塑造是至关重要的(Hogg，2001)。成功的组织社会化过程会让员工第一时间把团队身份纳入到自我概念中，为员工更深入的认同团队起了锅定作用。在随后长期的团队互动过程中，管理者也不要忘记加强个体对团队的认同感。这时，开展团队集体活动、设置共同的团队目标等可以强化个体的团队认同(Mael & Ashforth, 1992)。 第三，自我审查会妨碍员工抑制性进谏行为的产生，现实组织中管理者应采取措施创造积极开放的氛围来提升员工的心理安全感(Kahn, 1990),减少员工的自我审查。只有当个体感知到所处的工作环境中有着积极的进谏氛围时，才可能经历少的自我审查过程，从而利于进谏行为的发生。为了激发团队内的抑制性进谏行为，工作团队要努力建立支持员工“与众不同”行为的团队氛围。 本毕业论文研究的理论意义 本研究为抑制性进谏研究的发展提供重要的实证素材，其理论意义体现在以下四个方面： 首先，组织内的员工往往对周边工作环境、工作流程或者是团队内的任务分配等方面存在的问题心知肚明，虽然私底下他们总是对这种种的问题议论纷纷，但是不论是在公开场合还是在领导者面前，我们都鲜少看到员工进谏的身影(Milliken et al., 2003)。员工内心的想法为什么不能驱动他们形成进谏的意愿和行为?本研究基于计划行为理论的框架，对上述问题进行了探讨。 计划行为理论(Ajzen，1991)自从提出以来，对于个体“计利”行为发生的机理表现出了强大的解释力和预测力。作为一个理性人，个体是否会做出某种行为，不仅取决于个体对于这种行为的态度，同时，个体感知到的主观规范和行为控制也会同时影响个体的行为意向和最终行为表现。具体到抑制性进谏行为本身，虽然员工清楚的知道进谏是一种对于组织可能有利的积极行为，表达出自己内心的担忧和顾虑很可能帮助组织改正问......>> 毕业论文查重里面有个创新点怎么填 论文查重用paperrater论文检测系统去查重检测论文 查重精准度的经猪肚比知网的还要高的 毕业论文创新点怎么写 咦，你们那里的人素质不都是挺高地吗， 那里走出的院士不是挺多地吗， 那里的博导不是世界上最好的吗， 下面的工程技术应用， 对于他们来说， 都是小菜一碟， 信手拈来， 举手之劳罢了， 不足一提， 太小小意思了。 如何将电动车寄回家？ 生产通用装置， 可以套在绝大多数国产电动两轮车上， 完成以下的使命， 开展如下的崭新业务： 安装自动驾驶装置， 安装自动全球导航系统， 安装全球定位系统， 安装通过隧道时候的惯性制导系统和立体图像识别处理系统， 使他， 自动开回去啊。 快递公司、物流公司、铁路运输、汽车运输、船舶航运， 都规定严格禁止在被运输的电动车内部保存电池！！！ 只有这种工程技术手段， 才能够连同电池一起， 将电动车以最高的速度送往目的地。 你再在车里安装全球传输的视频监控装置， 远程人工辅助驾驶， 全球网络刷卡付费充电， 在当地寻找充电资源， 通过卫星网络联络。 在车辆上面安装太阳能发电板， 安装风力发电设备， 安装车辆制动过程再生能源发电后对车辆上化学电源、超级电容器充电的装置， 远途对车辆中的电池进行充电。 安装高压放电装置， 安装激光武器， 安装机械臂膀， 拥有自卫防护能力， 防盗和防抢劫车辆。 风雨兼程、日夜兼程、马不停蹄、长途跋涉、勇往直前、直奔目标而去！ 老外都被你惊叹， 这是中国国防军事综合实力的体现， 你的壮举， 必将被全球各个主要的新闻机构重点报道！！！ 中国人， 真牛！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！ 引领世界前进的步伐！！！！ 以后， 国际航空界要强迫、硬性规定、法案、提案、法令， 乘客要有权使用专用的紧急广播通信设备， 能够在最后的时候， 乘客各自呼唤亲人， 机组人员无权干预。 通过贯穿机身外壁的线路， 发送信号到外界的卫星、地面接收设备、附近空中飞行的民航飞机、附近水面航行的商船， 用于应急发送机上紧急情况， 客机的空间位置、空间姿态， 播报各位乘客的遗嘱， 传输飞机坠落和迫降的过程。 对于部分乘客，有语音、动作、有呼吸、心电等遥测功能。 要强制卫星、地面接收设备、空中飞行的民航飞机、水面航行的商船， 强制要求安装对应频道的接收和记录设备， 保障全球无盲区。 在飞机的客舱内， 在乘客区域， 要分散固定几个发送装置， 几个发送装置， 同时提出人工启动的请求， 才开通发送装置， 并且对于启动装置的乘客， 自动开始录像、录音， 便于事后追溯来源， 处置恶意操作。 发送装置自带备用电源， 发送装置外部， 有可以方便启封的装置， 防止恶意启动骚扰。 通过国际相关的法律和法规， 将这种通信装备， 列为客机的法定标准配置。 这是客机的适航规章标准。 也就是实现， 立即指导救援和和搜救工作， 不要等待打捞和分析黑盒子的漫长时间。 至于现在争论的实时发送客机飞行数据容量大、 占据带宽、客户拥挤等困难， 只是在起飞、降落过程中全程发送， 在巡航过程之中， 主要是在空中姿态和速度矢量、高度、环境、发动机工况等等异常的时候， 才自动发送，以此来减少发送的重复周期和信息量。 你自己亲自去做最好的拖把。 那就要用 俺亲自制造的拖把， 用浸过水的拖把， 自动巡航室内全部的地面， 无遗漏地， 在住宅内拖地， 自动间隔， 将拖把送去水桶中清洗， 然后自动甩干。 再继续自动去拖地。 你若需要， 请向裘5援5平提出申请， 只有她批准了， 你就能够获得 欧洲、美国、日本都没有生产过的自动装置， 即使是中国煤老板、中国首富、沙特 *** 的富豪， 都望尘莫及！！！！ 网上和......>>
关于内容：1、一般概括性内容：课题标题、答辩人、课题执行时间、课题指导教师、课题的归属、致谢等。2、课题研究内容：研究目的、方案设计（流程图）、运行过程、研究结果、创新性、应用价值、有关课题延续的新看法等。3、PPT要图文并茂，突出重点，让答辩老师明白哪些是自己独立完成的，页数不要太多，30页左右足够，不要出现太多文字，老师对文字和公式都不怎么感兴趣；4、凡是贴在PPT上的图和公式，要能够自圆其说，没有把握的坚决不要往上面贴。5、每页下面记得标页码，这样比较方便评委老师提问的时候review关于模板：1、可以去像素网选择一套合适的论文答辩PPT模板，不要用太华丽的企业商务模板，学术ppt最好低调简洁一些；2、推荐底色白底（黑字、红字和蓝字）、蓝底（白字或黄字）、黑底（白字和黄字），这三种配色方式可保证幻灯质量。我个人觉得学术ppt还是白底好；3、动手能力强的大牛可以自己做附和课题主题的模板，其实很简单，就是把喜欢的图在“幻灯片母版”模式下插入就行了。
具体的范文模板链接：
据学术堂了解,答辩者在毕业论文答辩之前应该从以下几个方面去准备:首先,要写好毕业论文的简介,主要内容应包括论文的题目,指导教师姓名,选择该题目的动机,论文的主要论点、论据和写作体会以及本议题的理论意义和实践意义.其次,要熟悉自己所写论文的全文,尤其是要熟悉主体部分和结论部分的内容,明确论文的基本观点和主论的基本依据;弄懂弄通论文中所使用的主要概念的确切涵义,所运用的基本原理的主要内容;同时还要仔细审查、反复推敲文章中有无自相矛盾、谬误、片面或模糊不清的地方,有无与党的政策方针相冲突之处等等.如发现有上述问题,就要作好充分准备--补充、修正、解说等.只要认真设防,堵死一切漏洞,这样在答辩过程中,就可以做列心中有数、临阵不慌、沉着应战.第三,要了解和掌握与自己所写论文相关联的知识和材料.如自己所研究的这个论题学术界的研究已经达到了什么程度目前,存在着哪些争议有几种代表性观点各有哪些代表性著作和文章自己倾向哪种观点及理由;重要引文的出处和版本;论证材料的来源渠道等等.这些方面的知识和材料都要在答辩前做到有比较好的了解和掌握.第四,论文还有哪些应该涉及或解决,但因力所不及而未能接触的问题,还有哪些在论文中未涉及到或涉及到很少,而研究过程中确已接触到了并有一定的见解,只是由于觉得与论文表述的中心关联不大而没有写入等等.第五,对于优秀论文的作者来说,还要搞清楚哪些观点是继承或借鉴了他人的研究成果,哪些是自己的创新观点,这些新观点、新见解是怎么形成的等等.对上述内容,作者在答辩前都要很好地准备,经过思考、整理,写成提纲,记在脑中,这样在答辩时就可以做到心中有数,从容作答.
你为什么写这个题目意义在哪？方法有哪些？不足在哪里？创新点在哪
英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
这个回答可以啊
, I'm really don't know how to answer the question....(记得要先举手哦~）May I beg your pardon?(如上的。）
你说的是毕业论文答辩吧？如果你确实不知道的话，你就直接回答“I don't know "就好了，免得你胡乱回答了一堆，却不着边际如果你没听清问题的话，可以说 “pardon?" 或 “May I beg your pardon?"记住：答辩时遇到自己未曾准备的问题时千万不要太紧张了^
论文答辩英文：(thesis) oral defense 论文英文：thesis； dissertation； treatise； paper discourse ；答辩英文：make open reply； reply (to a charge, query or an argument)； reply in support of one's own idea or opinion； answer rejoin ；
创新是innovation创新点point of innovation highlight of innovation
“论文答辩”"Thesis defense"“论文答辩”"Thesis defense"
论文答辩”，“答辩论文”＝在英国大学，也有美国的，用的是viva或vivavoce,意即口头测试。viva是拉丁字
没有创新的论文是不被允许的，这样的论文只能是不要拿到答辩上去，否则就是没办法
学位论文创新的15种类型美国的菲利普斯教授把博士生论文的 "独创性贡献"--创新，归纳为十五种类型。（1）第一次用书面文字的形式把新信息的主要部分记录下来，这可以称为"发现"。（2）继续前人做出的独创性工作（在前人的基础上的独创性前进）（3）进行导师设计的独创性工作（导师提出了可能做出"独创性"成果的方向）（4）在并非独创性的科研工作中，提出一个独创性的方法、视角或结果（5）含有其他研究生提出的独创性的观点、方法和解释（几乎是同时提出）（6）在证明他人的观点中表现出独创性（方法、途径等）（7）在进行前人尚未作过的实证性研究工作（对前人提出的假设的实证性研究，或新的实证性方法）（8）首次对某一问题进行综合性表述（首次相关性研究，同样是独创性成果）（9）使用已有的材料作出新的解释（对前人发现的现象、试验结果做出新的解释）（10）在本国首次作出他人曾在其他国家得出的实验结果（被封锁的实验方法、科研成果）（11）将某一方法应用于新的研究领域（12）为一个老的研究问题提供新证据（13）应用不同的方法论，进行交叉学科研究（研究方法的创新）（14）注视本学科中他人尚未涉及的新的研究领域（15）以一种前人没有使用过的方式提供知识 自己对照你的论文选取其中一种或两种就可以了
答辩的时候，论文的创新点就要将自己的核心观点写出来。还有自己论文的一种方法有何创新？特别是个人方面的一个创新可以提出来。
毕业论文答辩老师一般会提以下几类问题：
一、选题：
选题合适与否对于论文的质量有着很大的影响，如果选题过大，可能会使得研究成果过于表面，没有实际价值；选题过小，研究狭窄，不能做到以小见大。因而在论文答辩的时候，答辩老师一般会就选题对学生进行提问，从中了解学生对于该领域前人研究成果的了解程度以及论文的自主性程度。
二、论文结构/内容：
论文的结构和内容框架展现了论文作者的思维模式，能够在一定程度上反映作者的学术水平，因而关于论文结构的问题是答辩老师经常会问到的问题。
三、论文材料：
行文讲究有理有据，论文的材料、实验数据的使用必须有据可循，因而答辩老师可能会对论文中的某些材料或者是数据的来源、引用、分析等提出相应的问题。
举些例子以示说明：这部分的数据材料你是通过实验获得还是前人的研究成果？这部分材料与你要得到的结论之间是如何串联的？......
四、创新点和不足之处
创新点是一篇论文的真正价值所在，而不足之处是论文未来修改和发展的方向，对于一篇论文具有举足轻重的作用，自然也成为了答辩老师们问得最多的问题了。
五、其他
除了论文本身外，有些答辩老师可能还会问一些未来发展方向等相关的问题，这些只要据实回答即可，不必过于紧张。
不论答辩老师问什么问题，我们在答辩前都要做好相应得准备，对论文得内容和结构等要十分熟悉，材料使用等也要有理有据；答辩时回答简明扼要，对老师提出的修改意见虚心接纳，并在答辩后予以修正。