首页 > 毕业论文 > 本科毕业论文大同小异吗

本科毕业论文大同小异吗

发布时间:

本科毕业论文大同小异吗

不同学校对于重复率要求是不一样,大体来说,大同小异,本科的查重率一般要求控制在30%内,研究生论文的要求会更高。如果去掉引用文献的符合率,低于20%,则可视为合格。一些要求比较高的学校会把研究生的论文查重率控制在15%以内。博士的论文查重率要求最严格,一般不超过10%。如果是比较严格的大学,会要求博士生毕业在5%以内。

跟你一个专业,新闻学的,不过已经毕业了。去年写的时候也是费尽脑筋,写的题目《中美报纸关于运动会的报道标题对比研究》,不过还好找的秦文网帮忙,很专业,很快就给我了

每个学校虽然细节不一样,但是都大同小异。你可以去上学吧论文查重看看,上面介绍挺多。

新闻专业的毕业论文,最好是写篇新闻调查方面的文章。最近不是发生h7n9禽流感吗?你可以从这方面做个新闻调查,组成文章。材料百度可以找到。其实,毕业论文都是大同小异,内容最好跟你本人的专业相关。不过论文范本不一定是相同的。你是哪个大学,哪个大学一定有他们的论文范本可下载。按他们范本要求去套就是。希望借此能帮到你。

毕业论文异同点

有本质的区别议论文是通过论理来证明你所要阐述的观点论文是直观地表达你已经研究出的成果

论文就是用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果的文章,简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行科学研究的一种手段,又是描述科研成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等,总称为论文。 议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。

不同类型期刊论文的异同点如下介绍:

首先,简明扼要介绍一下,SCI、EI、SSCI、CSCI等等都是检索数据库,收录了很多论文。常见的几个概念和区别在于:SCI和EI是国外检索数据库,收录理科类论文。其中,SCI主要偏重于理论性研究,EI主要偏重于工程应用。

基础科学领域,SCI的认可度较高;工程技术领域,EI的认可度较高。SSCI也是国外的检索数据库,它是SCI的姊妹篇,收录文科类的论文。CSCI和核心期刊是国内的检索数据库,理科和文科论文都有收录。

省级期刊与国家级期刊,国家从来没有对刊物做过级别之分,也就是在影响力和专业程度上没有省级和国家级的差别不同期刊的权威性排序为:SCI源刊(SSCI源刊)>EI源刊>中文核心(南大核心、北大核心)>EI会议、CPCI会议>国际级、国家级期刊>省级期刊>其他普刊。

大家在投稿的时候要记得搜一下这个期刊被哪些数据库收录,是否满足毕业要求。另外,很多学校都建立了自己的期刊名单,不能只看官方的数据库,要以学校公示的名单为准。

1.指导性

毕业论文是在导师指导下独立完成的科学研究成果。毕业论文作为大学毕业前的最后一次作业,离不开教师的帮助和指导。对于如何进行科学研究,如何撰写论文等等,教师都要给予具体的方法论指导。在学生写作毕业论文的过程中,教师要启发引导学生独立进行工作,注意发挥学生的主动创造精神,帮助学生最后确定题目,指定参考文献和调查线索,审定论文提纲,解答疑难问题,指导学生修改论文初稿,等等。学生为了写好毕业论文,必须主动地发挥自己的聪明才智,刻苦钻研,独立完成毕业论文的写作任务。

2.习作性

根据教学计划的规定,在大学阶段的前期,学生要集中精力学好本学科的基础理论、专门知识和基本技能;在大学的最后一个学期,学生要集中精力写好毕业论文。学好专业知识和写好毕业论文是统一的,专业基础知识的学习为写作毕业论文打下坚实的基础;毕业论文的写作是对所学专业基础知识的运用和深化。大学生撰写毕业论文就是运用已有的专业基础知识,独立进行科学研究活动,分析和解决一个理论问题或实际问题,把知识转化为能力的实际训练。写作的主要目的是为了培养学生具有综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力,为将来作为专业人员写学术论文做好准备,它实际上是一种习作性的学术论文。

3.层次性

毕业论文与学术论文相比要求比较低。专业人员的学术论文,是指专业人员进行科学研究和表述科研成果而撰写的论文,一般反映某专业领域的最新学术成果,具有较高的学术价值,对科学事业的发展起一定的推动作用。大学生的毕业论文由于受各种条件的限制,在文章的质量方面要求相对低一些。这是因为:第一,大学生缺乏写作经验,多数大学生是第一次撰写论文,对撰写论文的知识和技巧知之甚少。第二,多数大学生的科研能力还处在培养形成之中,大学期间主要是学习专业基础理论知识,缺乏运用知识独立进行科学研究的训练。第三,撰写毕业论文受时间限制,一般学校都把毕业论文安排在最后一个学期,而实际上停课写毕业论文的时间仅为十周左右,在如此短的时间内要写出高质量的学术论文是比较困难的。当然这并不排除少数大学生通过自己的平时积累和充分准备写出较高质量的学术论文。

以上就是青藤小编给大家分享的关于毕业论文相比学术论文有哪些特点的内容,希望对小伙伴们有所帮助,想要了解更多论文相关内容,欢迎大家及时关注本平台!

硕博毕业论文异同

博士、硕士和本科论文在研究深度、内容、要求和用途等方面存在显著的差异。1. 研究深度:博士论文相对于硕士和本科论文而言,需要更加深入地探讨某个特定领域的问题,涉及到的知识点和研究范围更加广泛。硕士论文也需要有一定的深度,但相对于博士论文而言较为局限。本科论文则通常是对某个具体问题的初步探讨和研究。2. 内容:博士论文相对于硕士和本科论文而言需要更充分地展示自己的研究成果和思路,通常需要包含更多的研究数据和实验结果,并对前人的研究成果进行更深入的分析和讨论。硕士论文也需要展示自己的研究成果和思路,但相对于博士论文而言较为局限。本科论文则通常是对某个具体问题的初步探讨和研究,需要更多的文献综述和背景介绍。3. 要求:博士论文相对于硕士和本科论文而言要求更高、难度更大,需要更多的研究时间和精力。硕士论文的要求也比本科论文高,但相对于博士论文而言较为局限。本科论文则通常是对某个具体问题的初步探讨和研究,要求相对较低。4. 用途:本科论文的主要用途是为了学生的毕业和学位评定,硕士论文和博士论文则是为了获得相应的学位或者进入学术界从事研究工作。总之,博士、硕士和本科论文在研究深度、内容、要求和用途等方面存在显著的差异。博士论文相对于硕士和本科论文而言更具有创新性和实用性,需要更多的研究时间和精力,同时也是为了为将来的学术研究和职业发展打下坚实的基础。

研究领域不一样,抄袭应该算不上,但是你要考虑到论文查重的问题,所以写的时候还是要自己写,讨论也要和他不太一样才行。

深度不同。本科毕业论文可以提出新的理论观点,可以从自己的角度去解释已有的理论,甚至可以只是一份对于某观点的调查报告;而研究生毕业论文必须有新的内容,例如提出新理论,针对已有理论提出新观点、新解释、新论据等等,论点可大可小,但论据要充分、论证要严密、例证要确凿、计算要准确、图表要严谨,全文必须有新意,绝不可抄袭、雷同、人云亦云,一定要跳出窠臼,有所创新。硕士学位论文只能有一个主题(不能是几块工作拼凑在一起),这个主题要具体到问题的基层(即此问题基本再也无法向更低的层次细分为子问题),而不是问题所属的领域,更不是问题所在的学科,换言之,研究的主题切忌过大。因为涉及的问题范围太广,很难在一本硕士学位论文中完全研究透彻。通常,硕士学位论文应针对某学科领域中的一个具体问题展开深入的研究,并得出有价值的研究结论。硕士学位论文是学术作品,因此其表述要严谨简明,重点突出,专业常识应简写或不写,做到层次分明、数据可靠、文字凝练、说明透彻、推理严谨、立论正确,避免使用文学性质的或带感情色彩的非学术性语言。论文中如出现一个非通用性的新名词、新术语或新概念,需随即解释清楚。

通常本科论文是比较简单的,硕士论文大部分都是学术研究。博士论文既要研究学术,也要研究实际。

文化异同毕业论文word

跨文化交际的毕业论文

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,大学毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,毕业论文我们应该怎么写呢?下面是我收集整理的跨文化交际的毕业论文,欢迎大家分享。

摘要:

跨文化交际是指不同国家不同文化背景的人们之间的交流,文化差异对跨文化交际有多方面影响,本文从思维与表达方式的差异、非语言交际差异、传统文化的差异、价值观念的差异等四个方面 ,分析产生交流障碍的原因,指出了了解中外文化差异对避免跨文化交际的失误,较少国际交流中的误解,促进中外文化的交流具有重要的作用。

关键词: 文化差异;跨文化交际

跨文化交际涉及交际和文化两个概念。从一定意义上说交际即文化在交际过程中文化得以形成。而文化是一个包罗万象的概念,概括地讲,文化即是人们所思、所言、所为、所觉的总和。跨文化交际即不同文化背景的人们(信息发出者和信息接受者)之间的交际,不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化,也被自己的文化所塑造”。所以,对于来自不同文化本经的人们走到一起,交际必然会出现故障,及时有效的克服这些交际障碍是跨文化交际取得成功的关键。这对促进国际间的文化、政治、经济交流有着及其重要的意义。笔者从思维与表达方式的差异、非语言交际差异、传统文化的差异、价值观念的差异等四个方面来分析产生交流障碍的原因,从而提高跨文化交际能力。

一、 思维与表达差异对交流的影响

思维方式的差异首先造成的就是语言表达方式的不同。在信息编排上,中国人习惯于形象思维,在文章中,为了使文章鲜明、生动、形象,经常使用华丽的词藻、大量的形容词和丰富的比喻。然而对于西方人来讲,由于感情基础的差异,阅读习惯的不同,华丽的词藻一般只能减少传播的清晰性和效果,甚至被视为空话冗词和夸大宣传。根据西方的写作风格,在英语写作中,西方人比较注重逻辑的紧密和事实的陈述,习惯于低调陈述,而不习惯于用词强烈。

思维方式是沟通文化与语言的桥梁。在思维方式的差异上,中西文化思维方式最显著的特点就是中国人含蓄委婉,思维方式具有意会性,而西方人则很直接,属于直观性。中西方在写信的表达方式上就有不同。西方人在表达这自己的意愿时比较直接,开门见山的将自己的所要求写在最前面,后面才会讲一些寒暄的客套话。而中国人则会很含蓄委婉的提要求,一般到信的末尾才是真正要谈的问题,前面都是寒暄。不同的写法反映不同的思维方式。中国人初次见面就喜欢问对方的年龄,婚姻,收入状况以表示关心,而西方人对此就比较反感,他们认为这些是个人隐私,他人无权过问。如果问西方女士“How old areyou?”她们很可能会回答“It’s a secret!”西方人希望自己在别人眼中年轻而富有朝气,希望自己保持年轻的心态,所以不喜欢提及实际的年龄。再如中国人交谈中常遇到的“你去哪儿?”“你在干什么?”在英语中就成为刺探别人隐私的审问,冒昧而不受欢迎。

二、 非语言交际差异

非语言交际差异是指一切不使用语言进行的交际活动统称之为非语言交际(Non—verbal communication),其中包括眼神、手势、身势、微笑、面部表情、服装打扮、沉默、身体的接触、讲话人之间的'距离、说话的音量、时间观念、对空间的使用等等。一般而言,南欧地区的国家如意大利、西班牙、希腊等国的手势运用频繁且夸张;中西欧的国家如德国、英国、荷兰等次之;而远在北方的北欧诸国则又次之,因为他们几乎不会使用手势来表达任何讯息。

三、 传统文化的差异

历史上,中国是世界上最古老的国家之一,有5000年的悠久而厚重的历史,创造了无数的灿烂文明,在这种文化蕴藏中,使中国的饮食更加博大精深。随着时间的流逝以及辽阔国土的地域差异,四大菜系逐渐形成,四大菜系自成体系,各有特点,但共同点是用料复杂考究,制作方法复杂,口味、菜式多种多样,令人惊叹。

由于中西哲学思想的不同,西方人于饮食重科学。重科学即讲求营养。故西方饮食以营养为最高准则,进食犹如为一生物的机器添加燃料,特别讲求食物的营养成分,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素及各类无机元素的含量是否搭配合宜,热量的供给是否恰到好处以及这些营养成分是否能为进食者充分吸收,有无其他副作用。这些问题都是烹调中的大学问,而菜肴的色、香、味如何,则是次一等的要求。即或在西方首屈一指的饮食大国――法国,其饮食文化虽然在很多方面与我们近似,但一接触到营养问题,双方便拉开了距离。

西方人在介绍自己国家的饮食特点时,觉得比中国更重视营养的合理搭配,有较为发达的食品工业,如罐头、快餐等,虽口味千篇一律,但节省时间,且营养良好。故他们国家的人身体普遍比中国人健壮:高个、长腿、宽大的肩、发达的肌肉;而中国人则显得身材瘦小、肩窄腿短、色黄质弱。有人根据中西方饮食对象的明显差异这一特点,把中国人称为植物性格,西方人称为动物性格。

四、 价值观念的差异

价值观是指一个人对周围的客观事物(包括人、事、物)的意义、重要性的总评价和总看法。一方面表现为价值取向、价值追求,凝结为一定的价值目标;另一方面表现为价值尺度和准则,成为人们判断价值事物有无价值及价值大小的评价标准。

中国历史悠久,包括长达两千多年的封建统治,这种意识直接影响着现代人价值观的形成。现代中国人依然较顺从权威,尊重长辈,重视个人的身份,强调安分守己。相比之下,早在17世纪,英国的资产阶级就推翻了封建统治建立了资本主义社会,工业革命大幅度提高了人们的物质生活水平,还彻底解放了人们的思想。资本主义的民主思想也逐渐遍及整个西方社会。西方人崇尚个体,向往自由平等。这种历史环境的不同使中西方的个体意识产生了很大的差异。

西方文化价值观的主流是为自我满足而奋斗的精神。西方文化张扬个性,强调维护个人利益,注重独立自主发挥个人潜力,强化个人权利意识。个人主义是一切行为的准则,自我实现是人生的最高需求和目的,独立是实现自我的最有效手段,人权神圣不可侵犯,是实现自我的保障。中国主流文化价值观是和合精神。中华民族自古就注重和谐。在人与自然的关系上,崇尚天人合一,人与自然和谐相处;在人与人的关系上,强调以和为贵,与人为善;在国家之间的关系上,主张亲仁善邻,协和万邦。中华民族是一个爱好和平、与人为善的民族。

不同文化背景里成长起来的人们,其价值观理应有所不同,各有其长处。在科技迅猛发展的今天,为使中国走向繁荣、富强、走向世界,我们必须引进西方先进的文化观念,摒弃其糟泊,吸取西方的平等、竞争、效率、个性解放等精神和意识,摒弃其拜金主义,物欲主义以及过分自我等意识。随着现在全球一体化的进程和中国在世界的崛起,认识和掌握中西方的跨文化价值观差异对避免和解决交际中的冲突以及促进民族间的融合有着相当重大的意义。

从上述文化差异对跨文化交际所产生的种种影响来看,文化因素是造成跨文化交流障碍的主要原因。诸多文化因素对跨文化交际具有一定的干扰和制约等负作用。因而,学习外语离不开对其文化的学习和研究,只有彻底解决因文化差异产生的种种交流障碍,跨文化交际才能成功。这是提高人们跨文化交际能力的一条根本有效途径。

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考,请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面,从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在,下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异,中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。(一)red(红色)无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中,这些日子常用红色字体,因此,red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”例如:红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine (二) yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(下流的玩笑), blue films(黄色电影)等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先,中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关:中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给新郎,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次,造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

张异宾本科毕业论文

你是想学哲学吗?

吉林大学哲学社会学院吉林大学哲学社会学院组建于1995 年,已成为中国当代哲学研究重镇之一。在几十年的发展过程中,哲学社会学院造就了自己的核心理念:“为人为学其道一也”,沉淀出了自己的学术传统和治学风格。此外,哲学社会学院与国内外哲学、社会学、心理学界有着广泛的学术交流。学院主办的高水平的国内、国际学术研讨会在国内外学术界产生深远影响。学院历史概述吉林大学哲学社会学院组建于 1995 年,是在原哲学系基础上发展起来的,迄今已有 51 年。目前,吉林大学哲学学科已成为中国当代哲学研究重镇之一。哲学社会学院的历史大致经历了三个重要发展时期:哲学系的创建哲学系是 1958 年在吉林大学原哲学教研室基础上建立起来的,全系师生在“大跃进”时代背景下,采取“单科独进”、“见缝插针”等办法开展教学。 1959 年夏季,招收了第一届五年制本科生,开办了哲学研究班,调入、培养、选留了 10 余名教员充实教师队伍,组建了资料室。刘丹岩教授亲自主持并担任哲学研究班全部课程,采取启发讲授、自学、讨论相结合的办法组织教学,强调重视基础理论、掌握精神实质,提倡独立思考,反对教条盲从,为哲学系的发展奠定了方向。 1961 年教职工发展到 60 多人,建立了哲学、哲学史、自然辩证法、马克思主义政治学四个教研室, 1962 年,增加心理学与逻辑学教研室, 开出了绝大部分专业课, 建立了具有一定实力的教师队伍和比较齐全的课程体系, 为哲学系的发展奠定了初步的基础。尤其重要的是,哲学系创始人刘丹岩教授亲自主持制订了《哲学系教育方案》、《 1962 —— 1967 年哲学系教学工作方案》、《哲学系 1962 —— 1967 年科学研究规划》、《哲学系教师进修提高计划》等一系列的发展蓝图,为哲学系的发展兴旺明确了办学方向。在教学建设上,遵从“以教学为主”的原则,按照“重视基础、提高质量、循序渐进、逐步加深”的精神,优化教材,加强基础教学,将美学、伦理学、现代资产阶级哲学批判、中国现实哲学问题研究等课程列入教学计划,规定了必修课程和必读专业书目,初步形成了学科齐全的教学体系。每个教师都制订了有目标(何时达到何种水平)、有任务(承担何种课程和研究项目)、有措施(通过何种途径和方法)的个人进修计划,在全系教师中形成了钻研业务苦练基本功的良好学风。 1964 年毕业的第二届( 5 年制) 41 名本科生,其中 4 人考入中科院、外交学院研究生,该系的教学质量开始受到国内一些院校的注目。从 1965-1976 年,由于“阶级斗争”和“文化大革命”,哲学系干部师生同中国一起经历了那场空前荒谬的浩劫,哲学系的发展被中断了十年。但是,很多教师出于对哲学的热爱,在逆境中坚持钻研求索,表现出了哲学工作者的良知,成为未来哲学复兴的根基。在哲学系的创建时期,以刘丹岩教授为代表的哲学系创始人,为哲学系的发展确立了方向和基础,对哲学系的发展壮大作出了卓越的贡献。哲学系的发展(1976 — 1995 年)1976 年 10 月“文化大革命”结束,当时全系共有教职员工 45 人。 1977 年哲学系工作重心从政治斗争转移到教学科研上来,组建了 8 个教研室,按国家规定恢复全国统一招生制度。 1978 年制订了《哲学系 1978—1985 年科研规划》,提出科研项目 101 项。1981 年,国务院学位委员会批准以高清海教授为学科带头人的马克思主义哲学博士点,同年建立了自然辩证法专业并招收了第一届本科生; 1982 年国家学位委员会批准该系马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、西方哲学、科学技术哲学四个学科硕士学位授予权,开始招收硕士研究生; 1984 年国务院学位委员会批准以舒炜光为学科带头人的全国第一个科学技术哲学博士点; 1985 年该系开始招收国家首届博士生。 与此同时,受教育部委托,该系陆续举办了教师进修班、哲学干部专修班、科技管理干部专修班;吉林省高等教育自学考试委员会确定该系为党政干部专修科的主考单位;受省委宣传部委托,主持全省干部正规化教育哲学电视讲座及考试,形成了多层次培养的办学格局。在学术机构发展基础上, 1982 年哲学系在北京主办《新编哲学大纲》讨论会,后陆续主办全国历史唯物主义讨论会、中国近现代哲学史讨论会、科学认识论讨论会、弗洛伊德主义研讨会、全国哲学观念变革研讨会、东北三省马哲史讨论会、西哲史学术讨论会等,受到了国内外的普遍关注。 1985 年,国家教育委员会批准吉林大学哲学系建立现代哲学研究所,下设 5 个研究室,高清海兼任所长, 舒炜光教授、张维久教授任副所长,确立了唯物辩证法和科学认识论为研究重心。在此期间, 以高清海教授为代表的第一代学科带头人的研究写作集体,在哲学理论特别是马克思主义哲学研究方面取得了巨大成就。高清海教授主编,舒炜光、车文博、张维久教授为副主编的《马克思主义哲学基础》(上、下卷)获得国家优秀教材奖,舒炜光教授主编的《自然辩证法原理》获国家优秀教材二等奖,车文博教授任副主编的《西方近代心理学史》获国家优秀教材奖。以高清海教授为代表的学术研究方向和学术特点,打破了对马克思主义哲学的传统教条理解,使哲学面向改革开放的伟大实践,成为 20 世纪 80 年代中国哲学界最有影响的理论成果,在国内外产生了重大影响,使吉林大学的哲学学科在国内占有了重要的地位。哲学社会学院的建立与发展(1995 年至今)1995 年 5 月,学校决定建立哲学社会学院。 1996 年我院获得社会学和宗教学两个硕士点。目前,哲学社会学院现已发展成为拥有 4 个系:哲学系( 1958 年建系)、社会学系( 1989 年建系)、心理学系( 1995 年建系)、劳动和社会保障学系( 2005 年建系); 2 个研究基地:哲学基础理论研究基地、社会发展理论研究基地; 1 个实体研究中心: 哲学基础理论研究中心; 2 个非实体研究中心:社会发展研究中心、东北经济社会协调发展研究中心; 5 个本科专业:哲学、社会学、社会工作、劳动与社会保障、应用心理学; 10 个硕士点:马克思主义哲学、科学技术哲学、中国哲学、外国哲学、伦理学、宗教学、社会学、社会保障、基础心理学、应用心理学; 哲学学科和社会学科拥有一级学科博士学位授予权; 1 个博士后科研流动站:哲学。哲学社会学院不仅发展成为学科健全的教学机构,培养了大批在全国崭露头角的学者,而且在科研方面已发展成为国内外具有很高学术地位的研究机构。哲学基础理论研究与马克思主义哲学理论研究一直处于国内创新前列,取得了大量全国瞩目的高水平科研成果, 发展成为我国“哲学基础理论研究基地”、“社会发展理论研究基地”之一, 2003 年通过教育部专家评审,从校级重点研究基地升级为教育部重点研究基地, 成为“国家基础科学研究与人才培养基地”, 哲学基础理论研究中成为“教育部重点科研基地”, 马克思主义哲学成为“国家级重点学科”, 社会发展理论研究中心成为“‘ 985 '国家社会科学创新基地”, 社会学成为“省重点学科”。在此期间,以孙正聿教授为代表的 第二代学科带头人,在哲学研究、教学改革、人才培养等方面做出了突出成就。2办学风格在几十年的发展过程中,哲学社会学院造就了自己的核心理念:“为人为学其道一也”,沉淀出了自己的学术传统和治学风格。在哲学系建系 30 周年庆典上,以高清海教授为代表的老一代学者,把它具体概括为四种精神:为人治学一致的高尚精神这是刘丹岩教授经常教导学生的话,学会做学问,首先要学会做人;一个真正的学者要言行一致,表里如一,坚持理性,勇于探索。不唯上、不唯书,不迷信、不盲从,不趋炎附势、不顺风转舵,即使身处逆境,也要忠于真理。严谨求实的科学精神做学问一定要有老实态度,要在基础理论和基本著作方面下功夫,力求功底扎实;要经历严格的专业训练,学会哲学的理论思维方式,处理好历史、理论和现实的关系,理论的根基在现实,理论的依据在历史。理论的研究与创新源于现实,同时又符合历史。这就是理论和实际、逻辑和历史相一致的学风。开拓进取的创新精神该院几代教师一直坚信,马克思主义与任何形式的教条主义是格格不入的,马克思主义没有结束真理。因此,刘丹岩教授经常教导学生和青年教师,学习马克思主义不能拘泥于词句,要把握精神实质,要立志发展创新。高清海教授从 80 年代初开始,带领该院教师,打破传统哲学教科书体系,深入阐发马克思主义哲学的精神实质,使哲学面向改革开放的实践,使该院的哲学学科处于我国理论研究前沿,为我国社会转型与发展提供理论参考方面作出了另人瞩目的成绩。百折不饶的坚韧精神哲学是一门境界至高而又充满歧见的学问,从事哲学事业必须具有开阔的心胸和高尚的境界,要有奉献精神和顽强的意志,否则是搞不好这门学问的。同国内一些兄弟院校老专业相比,吉林大学哲学系建系较晚,在学术联系、资料积累、学者队伍建设等方面都处于薄弱地位。但是 50 年来,该院全体同志振奋精神,艰苦奋斗,呕心沥血,不断发展其事业,使该院快速成长起来,跻身国内同专业领先前列。在未来的建设与发展中,哲学社会学院将继续坚持和突出特色与优势并重的特点,紧密关注和跟踪学科发展前沿,在发展哲学基础研究加强教学与科研实力的同时,适应国家现代化建设的重大需求,注重哲学与社会学、社会心理学和其他学科的综合研究,为我国社会发展提供战略性、前沿性和对策性的研究成果。3院系专业设置哲学系哲学系始建与 1958 年,是中国当代哲学研究基地中重镇之一,在国内哲学学科占有举足轻重的地位。其中 马克思主义哲学理论研究在国内独树一帜,享有很高的学术声誉 。目前,哲学系拥有 6 个硕士点:马克思主义哲学、科学技术哲学、中国哲学、外国哲学、伦理学、宗教学; 哲学学科拥有一级学科博士学位授予权; 1 个博士后科研流动站:哲学。哲学专业( Philosophy Program )专业简介:本专业在学习哲学基本原理及其历史发展基础上,关注社会科学和自然科学最新成果,学习和研究当代国内外哲学。哲学:“国家文科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地”, 1998 年被教育部评为优秀基地, 2001 年 11 月通过国家教育部基地验收。主要课程:马克思主义哲学原理、马克思主义哲学史、哲学通论、中国哲学史、中国现代哲学、西方哲学史、现代西方哲学、科学哲学、逻辑学、美学、伦理学、宗教学、心理学及适应建设有中国特色的社会主义理论需要的各种专题课。还设有马列哲学著作研究、社会学、中西哲学的比较研究等应用型选修课。就业方向:培养适应哲学理论教学、研究人才和宣传、社会管理等应用型人才,适宜从事科研机构、高等院校哲学理论研究与教学工作 ; 党政机关、出版社、报社、广播电台、电视台、杂志社、企业、公司实际工作 ; 第三产业的公关、咨询工作等。?社会学系社会学系 1989 年建系 , 1994 年并入该院,陆续发展有 3 个本科专业:社会学、社会工作、劳动与社会保障, 2 个硕士点:社会学、社会工作, 2003 年被批准为博士点。 目前,拥有 2 个研究中心:社会发展研究中心,研究社会发展基础理论;东北经济社会协调发展研究中心, 立足东北经济与社会背景特点,探索东北地区经济与社会协调发展的途径与机制,为地方经济与社会发展提供理论思路。社会学系 承担了大批纵向和横向科研项目,现已 成为我国“社会发展理论研究基地”,产出了大批科研成果,培养了大批优秀的社会学专业人才, 在国内学术界具有较大影响。社会学专业(Sociology Program)专业简介:该专业在掌握马克思主义基本原理、社会学基本理论以及社会学调查方法基础上,运用社会统计和分析方法,分析研究社会问题。主要专业方向有:社会学基本理论、社会研究方法、经济社会学、发展社会学等。主要课程:社会学概论、西方社会思想史、社会统计学、社会调查研究方法、国外社会学理论、中国社会思想史、社会工作概论、经济社会学、发展社会学、中国社会学史、人口社会学、社会心理学、当代中国社会问题、专业外语、城市社会学、文化人类学、社会哲学、文化社会学等。就业方向:适应国家各级党政机关、高等学校、社会科学院、出版社、报社、广播电台、电视台的社会学理论研究及实践工作;适合企事业单位的社会调查和社区管理工作。社会工作专业(Social Work Program)?专业简介:本专业分二个专业方向:“社会发展战略与规划”方向,培养社会发展战略研究、战略制定和战略规划专业人才;“社会工作与管理”方向,培养民政、人口、社团、社区等社会工作管理人才。主要课程:社会学概论、西方社会学理论、社会心理学、社会统计学、社会发展理论、城市社会学、农村社会学、人口社会学、社会工作概论、个案社会工作、文化社会学、社区社会工作、小组社会工作、中国社会思想史、社会调查研究方法、经济社会学、文化人类学、社会哲学、专业外语等。就业方向:适应各级政府机关,如计经委、社会发展局、政策研究室、民政部门等,从事社会发展战略与规划、经济发展战略与政策等研究工作以及民政、工商行政、文教管理、人口计划、市区县镇管理等工作。适应科研教学单位社会工作的教学研究工作。劳动与社会保障系劳动和社会保障学系于 2006 年 1 月 9 日 正式成立,下设“ 劳动和 社会保障”本科专业、“社会保障学”硕士点。现有专兼职 教授 4 人、副教授 5 人、讲师 3 人,现任系主任为著名学者、社会保障问题专家 宋宝安 教授,副主 任李文祥 博士, 该系面向全国招收本科生与研究生,现有在校本科生 70 余名、硕士研究生40 余名。劳动与社会保障专业( Labor and Social Welfare Program )专业简介:培养管理学、社会学与经济学专业知识,了解国内外社会保障理论及制度发展状况,掌握社会学研究方法和调查研究技术。主要课程:社会保障理论、公共管理学、劳动关系学、福利经济学、社会学概论、社会保险、社会保障国际比较、社会保障概论、社会政策学、西方经济学、社会保障基金管理、劳动经济学、劳动法与社会保障法、薪酬管理、人力资源管理、社会保障精算等。就业方向:适合政府机关劳动社会保障、民政、公共事业管理、政策研究等工作;适合高等院校和科研单位劳动社会保障、社会学、管理学等教学研究工作;适合大中型企业劳动保障和人事管理工作。?社会心理学系社会心理学系是在原心理学教研室基础上发展而来, 1995 年建系,现拥有 2 个硕士点:应用心理学、基础心理学。以车文博教授为代表的心理学科,在理论心理学、心理学史等方面取得了突出的成果。 21 世纪,“心理学将成为带头学科”,心理学将应用与社会政治、经济、教育、管理、家庭等诸多领域。?应用心理学专业( Applied Psychology Program )专业简介:培养心理学基本理论知识,训练心理学实验方法,了解中国传统文化、社会生活、民众心理,将心理学基本理论和技术应用于社会实际生活。本专业主要方向分为应用社会心理学、咨询心理学及管理心理学。主要课程:普通心理学、实验心理学、心理学研究方法、发展心理学、人格心理学、认知心理学、心理测量学、社会心理学、生理心理学、心理统计学、人力资源开发与管理、心理咨询学、教育心理学、西方现代心理学派、管理心理学、广告心理学等。就业方向:适用于大众传播、组织管理、人力资源评估与开发、广告宣传、公共关系、民意调查、心理卫生、精神医学及社会工作等实际工作;公众心理测量、心理咨询和心理辅导工作;高等院校、社会发展、管理科学、教育科学等研究部门的教学科研工作。4教学与人才培养哲学社会学院拥有国内外著名的学科带头人和一批国内学术界有影响的教学科研骨干, 孙正聿教授的“哲学通论”被评为“国家精品课程”,还有三门课程被评为省精品课程,多门课程被评为校精品课程。学院现有本科生 573 人,硕士生 344 人,博士生 247 人。学院在教学体系、课程设置、教学内容和教学方法等方面实行改革,除学校统一发放奖学金外,本学院还根据学院特色设立了“爱智奖学金”。学生学术和业余文化生活活跃,毕业生多分配到国家机关、高等院校、科研机构及其它企事业单位,在国内外一直保有很高的声誉。5科研与学术交流哲学社会学院与国内外哲学、社会学、心理学界有着广泛的学术交流。学院教师先后在美国、加拿大、英国、瑞士、荷兰、韩国、日本、澳大利亚等国和香港、台湾地区世界著名一流高等学府以及国内一些高校 进行学术交流,攻读学位、 从事研究和讲学,并邀请了一批知名的国内外学者来校讲学,主办的高水平的国内、国际学术研讨会在国内外学术界产生深远影响。

最北边: 黑龙江大学:一所哲学味很浓厚的大学,在这里包括书记和校长在内的校级领导有一半以上为哲学出身。校长衣俊卿是著名的中青年哲学家,在文化哲学方面独树一帜。此外张奎良教授等人致力于马克思主义哲学和中国哲学研究,在学界影响较大。 东北王: 吉林大学:吉林大学哲学学科是国内的老牌劲旅。在刘丹岩、高清海等老专家的带领下,吉林大学马克思主义哲学在国内最先开展理论创新,高清海教授提出的对苏联模式哲学教科书的批判更是影响了整个马克思主义哲学界。最近高老病逝,全国哲学界一片悲叹,可见其人份量之重。高清海教授桃李满天下,留在吉大的孙正聿、邴正、孙利天等人继续扛起马克思主义哲学国家级重点学科建设的大梁。另外该校的科学技术哲学实力也比较强。 北京的京城学派: 北京大学:北京大学哲学系始建于1914年,是我国高等学校中最早成立的哲学系。创建之初为北大文科哲学门,亦称“中国哲学门”,1919年更名为哲学系。历史上,著名学者蔡元培、胡适、蒋梦麟、熊十力、唐钺、邓以蜇、汤用彤、梁漱溟、金岳霖、冯友兰、宗白华、朱光潜、冯定、陈康、贺麟、沈有鼎、洪谦、张岱年、胡世华、任华、陈修斋等先后在这里执教,培养了数代中国最优秀的哲学家,使这里成为现代中国哲学的摇篮。1952年全国院系调整,部分高校哲学骨干教师汇入北大哲学系,进一步壮大了哲学系的阵容。目前北大哲学系经过90年的发展,已经形成了十分成熟和健全的学院风格。张世英(西哲泰斗)、黄楠森(马哲权威)、汪子嵩、汤一介等老一代哲学家仍在发挥余热,王东、丰子义(马哲)、陈来(中哲)、赵敦华、靳希平(西哲)、张祥龙(现象学)、陈嘉映(语言哲学)、叶朗(美学)、楼宇烈(东方哲学、佛教)等教授分别在各自领域保持着在学界的领先地位。 中国社会科学院:具有一支十分尖端的人才队伍,汇聚了刑贲思、叶秀山、李泽厚、王树人、邱仁宗、蒙培元、蒙登进、金吾伦等老一代哲学家和李景源、李德顺、李鹏程、杨学功、江怡、周国平、徐友渔、涂纪亮等中青年哲学专家,在马克思主义哲学、现代西方哲学等领域研究尤为显著。 中国人民大学:中国人民大学哲学系宗教学系在国内各著名大学的哲学系中名列前茅,哲学二级学科发展全面,具有象萧前、庄福龄、陈先达、罗国杰等一批著名哲学家,而刘大椿、焦国成、方立天、杨耕、何光沪、张志伟、李秋零、张法、陈志良等教授也是硕果累累。中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心(罗国杰任主任)、中国人民大学佛教与宗教学理论研究所(方立天任所长)经教育部严格评审,被确定为“教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地”,显示了人大在伦理学、宗教学方面的优势。 北京师范大学:有由教育部副部长袁贵仁领衔的马克思主义哲学国家级重点学科和著名西方哲学专家韩震牵头的西方哲学学科,其他学科发展平稳。 此外清华大学哲学学科制定文科复兴计划后发展迅速,以万俊人、王路为代表的一批哲学学者开始在学界活跃开来。 天津老校: 南开大学:南开大学哲学系具有悠久的历史和光荣的传统,但最近些年发展相对较慢。在今年8月南开学子双双捧得中国哲学大会学生论文大奖,引起了大家的瞩目。而他们的指导老师正是南开哲学第一人、国内社会哲学的领衔者王南湜。山西大学:山西大学哲学系的特色在于科学技术哲学,郭贵春教授领军下的科技哲学在去年被列为科哲唯一一个国家级重点学科。 山东大学:山大哲学在易学、儒学、中外哲学比较、犹太哲学、社会发展理论等领域的研究形成了鲜明的研究特色,现任学院院长傅有德教授。沪宁杭地区: 复旦大学:目前复旦哲学的优势在马哲和西哲。首席教授俞吾金和陈学明基本代表国内西方马克思主义研究的最高水平。刘放桐、张汝伦等人的现代西方哲学研究也是引人瞩目。吴晓明、孙承叔、王德峰、张庆熊等人在学界也是颇有影响力。 华东师范大学:该校的中国哲学学科是由已故著名哲学家冯契教授奠基的,目前杨国荣、陈卫平、高瑞泉等人继续延续着中国哲学方面的优势。南京大学:该校中国哲学为国家级重点学科,徐小跃教授在中国哲学尤其是禅学、易学方面见得卓著,赖永海、李书有、洪修平等人在中国哲学及佛学宗教方面也颇有发轫。该校马克思主义哲学领域有孙伯揆、刘林元等老专家,张异宾教授系中青年马克思主义哲学家,一部《回到马克思》让世人震动。 浙江大学:该校的外国哲学总体学术水平居于国内同类学科前列。夏基松教授的现代西方科学哲学研究在国内一直居于领先地位,陈村富、庞学铨、杨大春、包利民也分别在现代西方哲学分支学科有所建树。该校在东方哲学(尤其是日本哲学)研究方面也较有特色。盛晓明教授牵头的科技哲学学科目前发展态势良好。 此外,重视基础文科建设的苏州大学的马克思主义哲学学科是一个亮点,任平教授在业界的影响力正在日益加大。 武汉:哲学重镇 武汉大学:国内惟一一所在建制完备程度上可以和北大哲学系媲美的老牌学府。武汉大学哲学学院的历史可追溯到1922年9月武汉大学前身武昌高等师范学校始建的教育哲学系。80多年来,范寿康、万卓恒、洪谦、张颐、金克木、周辅成、张世英、陈修斋等一批著名学者在此任教。著名马克思主义哲学家李达是解放后武汉大学的第一任校长和武汉大学哲学系的第一任系主任,他在任期间给予了哲学系特殊的关怀,这与当时具体的历史条件是分不开的,但也因此成为武大哲学系历史上不可忘却的光辉一页。武大哲学薪火相传,目前武大哲学学院老专家陶德麟、雍涛(马哲)、刘纲纪(美学)、江天骥(科技哲学及逻辑学)、萧萐父(中哲)、杨祖陶(西哲)尚在,中青年哲学家郭齐勇(中哲)、邓晓芒(西哲)、陈望衡(美学)等已经在各自领域铸造了自己的品牌。彭富春、赵林、朱志方、段德智、吴根友、汪信砚、何萍、桂起权等在美学、西方哲学、宗教学、中国哲学、马克思主义哲学、逻辑学等学科具有相当造诣。 华中科技大学:一支尤其值得关注的哲学生力军。该校哲学系目前在著名中青年哲学家欧阳康和张曙光等领衔下呈现出以马克思主义哲学创新为特色,其他哲学均衡快速发展的喜人态势。欧阳康教授的社会认识论研究和张曙光、邹诗鹏教授等人的生存哲学、人学研究在学界处于领先地位。另外,殷正坤、韩东屏、张廷国、万小龙、李耀南等人在生命伦理学、基础伦理学、现象学、量子力学、中国美学方面也颇有建树。 除武大和华中科大外,武汉其他几所高校哲学学科也较成气候。刘可风、王雨辰(中南财经政法大学)在伦理学、西方马克思主义方面;林剑、高新民(华中师范大学)在马克思主义哲学、西方哲学方面;江畅、罗炽(湖北大学)在伦理学、中国哲学方面有比较高的学术水平。 四川大学:历史悠长,张颐、朱光潜、牟宗三、唐君毅等曾在此任教,目前以宗教学见长,拥有宗教学国家级重点学科(卿希泰等人主持)。 湖南师范大学:地处长沙的湖南师大拥有2个国家级重点学科,其中之一就是由伦理学家唐凯麟教授主持的伦理学。 厦门大学:该校中国哲学研究以易学哲学和道家、道教文化的交叉研究见长,詹石窗教授为学科带头人.另科技哲学和外国哲学发展态势也相当良好. 中山大学:中山大学哲学系,建立于1924年,为中山大学创建之初最早培植的学系之一。著名学者冯友兰、李达、吴康、朱谦之、周辅成、罗克汀、马采等都曾为她的成长浇灌了血汗。复系40多年以来,中山大学哲学系得到了长足的发展。在目前,中山哲学发展尤为迅猛。叶汝贤、徐俊忠、徐长福等人在该校马克思主义哲学学科方面形成了老中青三代合理的人才结构。黎红雷、陈少明(中哲)、倪梁康(现象学)、鞠实儿(逻辑学)、刘小枫(美学)等人在学界均是如雷灌耳的名家。中山哲学自成岭南学派,在哲学界影响日隆。 此外,辽宁大学、兰州大学、同济大学、安徽大学、云南大学等高校哲学系实力也较强,在此不作一一介绍。

张异宾,笔名张一兵,男,1956年3月生,1974年11月入b,1972年12月参加工作,1981年8月毕业于南京大学哲学系,中山大学马克思主义哲学专业博士。现任南京大学文科资深教授,南京大学学术委员会主任,马克思主义社会理论研究中心主任,哲学系博士生导师。中央马克思主义理论研究和建设工程哲学组主要成员,国家社科规划项目评议组成员,教育部社会科学委员会委员,教育部哲学教学指导委员会副主任。中国马克思主义哲学史学会副会长,中国图书评论学会副会长。

  • 索引序列
  • 本科毕业论文大同小异吗
  • 毕业论文异同点
  • 硕博毕业论文异同
  • 文化异同毕业论文word
  • 张异宾本科毕业论文
  • 返回顶部