有的，有规定时间提交
无论是在学习还是在工作中，说到论文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的文章。那么你有了解过论文吗？以下是我帮大家整理的本科毕业论文的工作计划，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
根据《国际语言文化学院20xx届本科毕业论文工作安排》，现将英语系20xx届本科毕业论文﹙设计﹚工作安排如下：
一、成立毕业论文工作小组
组长：孙建中副院长
副组长：甘世安教授、魏水利副教授、翟潇雁副教授
成员：马平安、刘冬梅、吴维东、吴文玲、黄艳、崔静、霍小静
二、认真学习我院毕业论文工作安排，制定英语专业本科生毕业论文工作的详细计划。
本学期的主要安排：
20xx年x月x日至11月x日确定论文指导老师及学生分组名单；拟定论文参考题目。
11月x日组织英语系20xx届本科班所有学生及各位论文指导老师参加毕业论文（设计）动员大会。
11月x日至12月x日学生根据系里提供的论文参考题目，或自拟题目，查阅搜集资料，确定大体写作思路。指导教师审核之后向学生下达毕业论文任务书；学生开始用中文撰写开题报告。
注：①论文题目一经确定不得随意更改。在论文撰写过程中确实需要更题的同学，必须征得指导教师的同意，将更题申请表一周内转报教学科备案。②论文题目确定后，指导教师于之前将本组学生的论文题目汇总后上报，若学生的论文题目不是出自论文备选题目需注明。
12月x日至12月x日指导教师指导学生修改开题报告，并进行审核。
12月x日学生开始撰写一稿；20xx前要求学生至少完成一稿的2/3，包括中英文摘要、目录、Introduction，Chapter One，Two，Three，并由指导老师通过电子版进行检查。（注：本次论文，包括Literature Review，要求学生至少写四章）
第二学期的主要安排：
20xx年x月x日前学生提交完整的打印好的一稿。
2月x日至3月x日指导老师修改一稿，36返给学生。
3月x日至3月x日学生撰写论文二稿，321前交给指导老师。 3月x日至3月x日指导老师修改二稿，329返给学生。
4月x日下午2：00我院进行论文工作中期检查。届时，要求学生准备好任务书、开题报告、中期检查表、已完成的一稿和正在修改的二稿参加中期答辩。
3月x日至4月x日学生撰写论文三稿，415前交给指导老师。 4月x日至4月x日指导教师修改论文三稿，421将三稿返给学生。 4月x日学生提交论文定稿，及整套论文资料。
注：定稿一式三份（一份学生自己留答辩备用，一份提供答辩委员，一份归档）；
每位学生最终所要上交的材料包括：（打印版）任务书+开题报告+中期检查表+论文一二三稿+定稿一式两份；（电子版）要求学生建一个以学号加姓名命名的文件夹，文件夹中包括任务书+开题报告+定稿三个文档。
5月x日至5月x日指导教师对毕业论文（设计）进行评阅；评阅教师对毕业论文（设计）进行评阅。
5月x日至5月x日成立外国语学院毕业论文（设计）答辩委员会。答辩委员会审查学生答辩资格；答辩小组审阅毕业论文（设计），拟定答辩提出的问题。
5月x日至5月x日进行毕业论文（设计）答辩。
5月x日至5月x日将成绩汇总及分析表报送教学科。
6月x日至6月x日进行论文工作总结，推荐优秀毕业论文和优秀指导老师，并上报教学科。
三、毕业论文纪律和撰写要求：
论文必须独立撰写，不许抄袭、剽窃他人成果；可以相互讨论，但不得互相抄袭；凡参考、引用他人成果的，必须在参考文献中注明。若发现有违纪行为，一律以论文不及格论。论文不及格者不得颁发本科毕业证书，不授予学士学位。
四、指导老师工作要求
指导教师应认真审查，指导论文的关键部分，如摘要、结论、一级、二级标题等论文定稿后，经指导老师同意方可进入论文评阅阶段。答辩前，学校将抽取20%的论文进行盲审，盲审未通过的论文，将取消学生答辩资格并追究指导教师和评阅教师的责任。
对于各阶段工作进度，各位指导老师可根据本组学生的完成情况适当提前，但请坚决避免拖后。
1、外文翻译时间20xx年2月28日3月20日
在老师下发了翻译文献，我开始了文献的翻译工作。定题的时候下了非常大的功夫，因为题目确立了文章的翻译大体走向。经过不懈努力的翻译，文献的大致内容基本翻译完成。最后经过不断的检查和特殊词汇的修改，翻译工作圆满完成。
2、论文选题时间20xx年4月1日4月7日
老师给了论文任务书与论文资料，确定了毕业论文的题目与写作方向，明确了毕业任务。
3、读书报告时间20xx年4月8日4月9日
在老师帮忙确定了论文题目之后，我开始到网上和图书馆查找关于课题有关的文献和资料。系统的学习论文的制作规范和相关知识，将一些在课设用的到的知识和内容进行了一定的摘抄。最终完成读书报告工作。
4、开题报告时间20xx年4月10日4月18日
我先根据毕业任务书的要求和研究的方向，搜集相关文献，经认真思考和研究，初步确定研究的主要内容、研究的方案、以及研究的主要的方法。把所选方法与资料进行编写，并预计所得结果，完成开题报告。
为落实好我院本科毕业论文（设计）的各项工作，有效提高我院本科生毕业论文（设计）的质量，切实做好本科毕业论文（设计）的管理工作，规范本科生毕业论文（设计）工作各个环节，现根据华南师范大学本科毕业论文（设计）管理办法和我院实际，特制定如下计划：
一、毕业论文的目的意义和基本要求
毕业论文（设计）是实现培养目标的重要教学环节，是对学生创新能力、科研能力、实际工作能力的系统训练和综合考察过程，也是考核学生能否毕业和授予相应学位的重要依据。为此，（1）论文（设计）的选题范围和深度应该符合学生在校所学理论和实践技能的实际情况，题目难易适当，使学生经过努力能够完成。（2）确定选题后，必须填写开题报告书，经指导教师同意后执行。（3）论文（设计）的选题必须一人一题，撰写要有科学性、有一定的学术水平、主题突出、概念清晰、观点鲜明、论据充分、层次清楚、表达通顺、格式规范，并具有一定可读性，字数一般在8000字左右。
二、毕业论文的答辩及成绩评定
毕业生必须进行论文（设计）答辩方能取得论文成绩。实行论文评阅人制度，但评阅人评分仅作为论文总评成绩参考。毕业论文（设计）成绩采用指导教师评分占60%、答辩小组成员平均分占40%的方式构成。
毕业论文（设计）成绩评定采用五级记分制，即优（≥90）、良（80—89）、中（70—79）、及格（60—69）、不及格（<60分。
毕业论文（设计）答辩由院答辩委员会主持。答辩委员会由5名专家组成。答辩委员会根据工作需要组织若干答辩小组开展答辩工作。答辩委员会及答辩小组成员必须由讲师以上的人员（或相当职称的人员）担任。小组答辩和学院答辩都要做好答辩记录。
三、具体工作及时间安排
1、选题及开题阶段（20xx年x月—20xx年x月）
我院毕业论文（设计）指导工作采用师生双向选择、学院综合平衡的办法。指导老师根据自己的研究领域向毕业生提供若干选题方向，毕业生根据自己的兴趣爱好选择对应的指导老师，学院全面平衡后确定毕业论文指导方案。
之后，学生在指导老师指导下有针对性地、有步骤地收集资料，确定选题、研究计划和提纲、撰写开题报告。
2、论文撰写阶段（20xx年x月x日—4月x日）
第八学期开学后的第1至第6周是学生做论文（设计）的时间。期间，一方面，指导教师在学生撰写论文的各个阶段都要给予具体详细的指导，发掘学生潜力，严把质量关，对质量不高的毕业论文要不断责其修改；另一方面，学生应增强创新意识和主动精神，努力提高毕业论文的质量。
3、小组答辩阶段（20xx年x月x日——4月x日）
院答辩委员会统一安排指导教师成立论文答辩小组，各答辩小组设组长1名。答辩小组长须安排教师撰写论文评阅人意见，组织答辩后写出答辩评语，并按成绩评定要求确定学位论文总评成绩。同时，按小组答辩学生人数15%比例推荐出院级优秀毕业论文。
对质量较差、没有新意、抄袭剽窃他人成果的论文（设计），答辩小组可提交院答辩委员会最后审定。
4、院级优秀论文答辩阶段（20xx年x月x日—4月x日）
在学院答辩委员会组织下，进行院级优秀毕业论文答辩，并按毕业生总人数5%比例推荐校级优秀毕业论文。
5、毕业论文工作总结阶段（20xx年x月x日—5月x日）
对毕业生的毕业论文成绩作出最后评定，对总体成绩进行分析、汇总和上报，向学校推荐校级优秀毕业论文；总结毕业论文工作经验，向学校提交工作总结和改进意见；做好毕业论文及相关材料的归档保存工作。
第一周：
1、汇报本人选定毕业论文题目情况，经指导教师协调后确定论文题目；
2、学习领会《河北联合大学毕业论文指导手册（学生用部分）》，掌握文件精神，总结文件要点（形成文字）；
3、根据本人毕业论文题目、毕业论文任务书要求，撰写“毕业论文项目调研提纲”；
4、编制《本科生毕业论文工作计划》，并将其缩略成《本科生毕业论文计划进程表》，时间以周为单位；
第二周
对以下内容展开调研
1、国际大宗商品市场的变化情况，历史沿革、现状及发展趋势；
2、沙钢股份公司的基本情况介绍；
3、沙钢股份公司经营成果与财务分析；
4、沙钢股份公司在国际大宗商品市场上的定价权；
5、国际大宗商品市场的变化对沙钢股份公司的影响；
第三周
对以下内容展开调研
1、沙钢股份公司主营产品与竞争优势；
2、沙钢股份公司外部环境与竞争对手分析；
3、沙钢股份公司在国内同行业中的地位；
4、沙钢股份公司在国际市场上的地位；
5、沙钢股份公司应对国际大宗商品市场变化的对策和措施等。
第四周
1、学习“企业战略管理理论与案例”的相关内容：
2、学习“财务管理学”的.相关内容：
3、复习“管理学”相关知识：
4、学习“08级工商管理课程设计资料”：
5、归类整理搜集的资料，并根据调研所搜集的资料完成项目调研报告。
第五周
1、分析、整理调研资料，
2、对归类整理的数据、资料进行认真阅读、研究、分析，
3、进一步了解国际大宗商品市场变化对沙钢股份公司的影响。
第六周
依据毕业论文任务书、项目调研报告、毕业论文计划进程表，撰写开题报告。准备开题报告答辩。
第七周
1、进一步查阅文献，搜集、补充、完善资料；
2、了解国际大宗商品市场现状及发展趋势，针对沙钢股份面临的问题提出切实可行的解决对策；
3、确定论文框架，完成详细论文写作提纲。
第八周
对前几周的论文进展情况进行总结，进一步完善，完成中期检查报告。 总结前期工作中的不足，补充疏漏的部分，为论文初稿做好准备工作。
第九周
按开题报告的论文结构要求，按写作提纲的内容、层次、逻辑安排，对论文框架进行展开，撰写论文初稿。
第十周
进一步分析、整理，补充、完善资料，对论文初稿进行充实，细化论文内容。
第十一周
进一步完善论文内容，完成论文初稿。
第十二周
在导师评阅毕业论文的指导下，进一步修改论文。
第十三周
规范论文格式，丰富内容。根据导师的意见和相关要求进一步完善论文。
第十四周
完成论文终稿。
第十五周
提交打印版、电子版毕业论文、过程文件和课题项目调研报告，交指导教师和评阅人审查、评阅。
第十六周
准备及参加毕业答辩。
第一阶段：20xx年10月～11月开题
这一时段主要进行前期资料收集，确定具体论文题目与文章研究侧重点；要求学生交读书报告和开题报告，上交毕业论文（设计）任务书。
第二阶段：20xx年11月～12月拟定提纲
这一时段，学生根据自己的论文（设计）内容有针对性的收集整理资料，拟定较为详细的论文提纲，并和指导教师进行意见交流。毕业设计的要到实地进行调查及同类项目的实地参观，确定设计意向。
第三阶段：20xx年12月～20xx年3月提交初稿
这一阶段，针对论文（设计）内容进一步进行资料的调查、收集、整理，并进行较为深入的研究分析，完成论文初稿，毕业设计要交设计草图，并和指导教师进行意见交流。
第四阶段：20xx年3月～20xx年4月完成2稿、3稿的修改
这一阶段，根据指导教师的意见和建议对论文初稿进行修改，完成论文的二稿和三稿。毕业设计的要完成图件正稿。
第五阶段：20xx年五月，论文（设计）评阅和答辩
20xx年5月上旬进行论文（设计）的评阅工作，5月中旬根据评阅教师意见进行论文（设计）修改，5月下旬进行论文（设计）的答辩工作。
第六阶段：20xx年五月下旬，后期整理阶段
答辩后要修改好论文，并把毕业论文（设计）任务书、毕业论文（设计）、毕业论文（设计）工作总结、毕业论文（设计）汇总表、毕业论文（设计）题目统计一览表整理好。
最后，在20xx年6月10日前，将评选出来的优秀论文（设计）名单和纸质稿电子稿上交教务处。
一、选题时间：20xx年5月27日~6月15日
1、召开教研室主任会议，布置毕业生论文选题工作。由各教研室分别召开教师会议，集体商讨、建设论文题库。
2、汇总论文选题，由毕业班班主任协同教务秘书组织学生选题。
3、根据学生选题情况，各教研室分配指导老师，学生完成毕业论文题目审批表。
二、开题时间（及任务书完成时间）：20xx年6月16日~20xx年7月2日。
集中辅导后，每位指导老师指导学生3—4次，认真听取学生的想法，了解学生的写作思路，有针对性地给予指导。并在学生任务书上给出指导意见（即完成开题工作）。
三、初稿完成时间：20xx年3月底
第一阶段：收集材料、拟定写作提纲
第二阶段：审查并确定写作纲要
尤其对学生的写作提纲要反复修改，力求在学生离校前确定写作提纲，以利于学生在学校图书馆进行材料收集，利于学生在实习期间进行研究和开展论文写作。
第三阶段：完成初稿
对学生的论文初稿，指导教师须认真审阅，确保学生无严重抄袭现象。针对学生写作中存在的问题要不厌其烦地给予指导，要求学生反复修改。对不符合规范和要求的学生论文必须重写。
四、修改初稿及定稿：截止到20xx年5月底。
五、论文及指导相关表格20xx年6月18日班主任收齐交至教研室。
五、答辩时间初定：20xx年6月20~25日
六、成绩评定依照成绩评定标准和程序进行。
说明：交稿日期必须按照规定时间执行，请指导老师务必要求学生按期完成。
问题一：毕业论文好写么?大概需要多长时间完成? 不好写呗 不能从网上当 论文答辩之前老师们会分析你的毕业论文 好像是有一个什么工具 只要把你的论文弄进去就会有哪些是从网上当的 而且还有出处 所以才要你在最后写参考文献啊 问题二：毕业论文好写么?大概需要多长时间完成? 好不好写要看你选到什么题什么导师，你擅不擅长！一般毕设写作期为差不多毕业前两个月，顺序为：开题报告，英文翻译，专业论文，论文答辩， 求采纳 问题三：一般毕业论文需要多长时间能写完？ ！！ 谢谢大家了！！！！！ 没问题的帮忙的 问题四：毕业论文答辩过程一般需要多长时间？ 我这个月10号也要答辩，呵呵。我们老师要求是自己讲述5分钟，被提问5分钟。一个人就10min。 就是不知道你们老师要求不要求要听完别人的答辩。我们就要，所有人都要听完，然后相互评分，二十多人，这样一天就过去了。 祝你答辩成功哦。 问题五：准备毕业论文需要多长时间 2月份，如果你没有什么其他杂七杂八的事情就可以开始准备了。当初我也是那个时候开始的。你可以和你的老师商量一下，看看写什憨方面的好。考虑什么题目，在网上搜索一些相关的前人写过的论文。可以参考参考。论文重要的是确定题目，列提纲，然后就开始写。不过最好是和你的论文导师商量商量，不然到时他不批，就等于无用功。 问题六：本科毕业论文一般要准备多久？ 这个不同的题目需要的时间是不一样的，像要跟着老师去做实验的 就得看看老师的安排，而只是理论方面的论文话翻译一周时间（快的话3、4天就好了）然后是开题报告，估计要写上2、3天吧。接下来写中间的内容的话（包括论文格式修改） 估计要用上半个月吧 写好了后还要给老师看一下 问题七：写一篇本科毕业论文正常时间需要多久 2周左右，一般都要给导师改了又改 问题八：毕业论文一般可以多少时间完成？ 你得说出论文的级别，是本科，硕士，博士毕业论文，还是发表论文。ei 、sci。联系一起赢论文网吧。 问题九：你们写一篇毕业论文都用多长时间 毕业论文啊…大学的么…基本上都是几天吧吧，有的几个小时就能搞定，有的一两个月… 问题十：本科毕业论文一般要准备多久 积累阶段很长，不过到写的时候，一般一个星期，毕竟需要考虑的东西很多，一些东西不是一时都能够想全，所以需要一个星期的时间来慢慢完善。 希望能够帮到你。
翻译硕士怎么写开题报告
开题报告主要说明这个课题应该进行研究，自己有条件进行研究以及准备如何开展研究等问题，也可以说是对课题的论证和设计。开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的重要环节。以下是我整理的翻译硕士怎么写开题报告，欢迎阅读。
1、选题意义和背景。
随着中国加入世界贸易组织，中国企业的对外联系也日益增多。中国企业要想打入国际市场，提高在国际市场上的知名度，企业网站或宣传册上的企业简介扮演着十分重要的地位。通过阅读企业宣传资料，读者可以看出企业外宣材料既有关于企业的基本信息介绍，也有企业所做的文字上、句法上、结构上的这染来达到推广企业、大市场的目的。汉语企业外宣材料的翻译在英译过程中会涉及到与目的语不同的语言习惯、行文方式以及文化因素、社会政治因素、心理因素和审美因素等，这就需要译者对原文本做出适当调整，从内容和形式上对语篇进行重构，以此实现对交际意图的顺应。根据赖斯的文本类型说，本文有三种类型，分别是“信息型”、“表达型”和“诱导型”.笔者认为，企业外宣翻译属于“信息型”和“诱导型”文本兼而有之，而且更侧重于“诱导型”.因此，外宣翻译要更加注重文本的交际功能，要更多的考虑如何使译文所传递的信息更便于目的语读者理解和接受，并让读者产生共鸣，继而付诸行动，实现译文预期的功能。
比利时语用学家维索尔伦（Verschuem）提出了顺应论，将语言的使用过程看做语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态选择的过程。因而可以从顺应论的视角研究语言使用。翻译作为一种特殊的交际方式，也可以从顺应论的视角对其进行研究。优秀的企业宣传材料不仅会提高企业的知名度，还会为企业带来不可估量的经济效益，因此任何一个想打入国际市场的企业务必在其外宣材料的翻译上做足功夫。由于中西方文化背景、历史渊源、生活环境的不同，译者在翻译企业外宣材料时为了获取目的语读者的认可并激发他们付诸行动，就要顺应目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯以及心理因素、文化因素等对原文做出形式上和内容上的调整，而这一顺应的过程也是语篇重构的过程。本文突破性的将顺应论与语篇重构结合起来，并结合西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料及其翻译，试图从顺应论的视角分析企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构现象。
2、论文综述/研究基础。
1987年维索尔伦（Verschueren）提出顺应论之后，在语用学界引起了很大反响，不久国内学者就将其引进到中国来。国内学者不仅从理论层面对顺应论进行研究和探索，而且将顺应论应用到翻译理论和实践、外语教学、二语习得、文化传播等领域。在这些领域中，成果最大的当属顺应论对翻译理论和其应用的研究。我国真正将顺应论引入翻译研究开始于21世纪初。
1 国外顺应论研究状况。
比利时语用学家维索尔伦（Verschueren）在《IprA工作文集》（IprA WorkingDocument 1） （1987, 45-48）中发表了一篇名为《作为顺应论的语用学》，标志着顺应论的提出。1995年，他较为详细并系统地在他主编出版的第一本《语用学手册》（handbook of Pragmatics）中对顺应论进行了进一步阐述。他认为，语言的使用过程就是语言为顺应不同的交际目的和交际对象进行动态地选择的过程。他将语用学描述为关于语言整体的、功能性综观，并将语用学定义为语言和交际在认知、社会与文化方面的研究。1998年，阿萨卡瑟（AsaKasher）主编的《语用学的关键概念》Pragmatics;: Critical Concepts）论文集中，维索尔伦发表了一篇名为《交际动态过程的语用模式》（v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication ）的文章，主要研究了顺应论中顺应的动态性。1999年，在他的专着《语用学新解》（Understaning Pragmatics）中，维索尔伦强调了语用学的地位和作用，这本书的出现标志着顺应论走向成熟。该书主张把语用学当作一种研究视角，突破了以往学者将语用学看作语言学的一个核心分支（语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学）的看法，而认为语用学是一种语言功能的视角或纵观，贯穿于语言学研究和使用的方方面面，可以照应到语言的各个层次。运用这一视角，可以研究不同的语言材料。这是一种研究方法上的革命，可以为语言的不同层面进行语用分析，也为语用学的学科性质进行了重新定位。
2 国内顺应论研究状况。
钱冠连是国内第一位将顺应论引入中国进行研究的学者。在他发表在《外语教学与研究》上的《语用学：语言适应理论----Verschueren语用学新论评述》（1991,62-66）的文章中，将维索尔伦对语言适应包括五个方面，即适应的对象、层次、阶段、领悟程度和适应策略进行了分析，并且就语言适应、选择和语言功能综观三者的关系进行了探讨，认真分析对比了维索尔伦的语用学新论和以往的语用学的区别。他还在《外语教学与研究》上发表了一篇《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架〈如何理解语用学〉述评》（2000,230-232），该文章首先解释了语用学综观论的理论源头。维索尔伦从Morris的理论中得出了任何规则里都有语用成分，也能从不同的语言成分中审视到语用视角。其建设性意义体现在将语用学从语言学的并列学科出分割出来，使其不再属于语言资源的语言学，而是加入到语言使用的语言学去，作为是一种语言综观和视角来研究和使用，这不仅仅可以解决语用学问题，还为今后人们从语用学角度解释其他问题提供了一种新的视角。
国内除钱冠连外，2007年何自然主编的《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》一书也对维索尔伦的顺应论进行了详细介绍和评述。和以往语言学及语用学着作不同的是，该书紧紧把握住语用学研究与发展的方向，集语用学的三个前沿理论（关联论、顺应论、模因论）为一体来向国内读者进行西方翻译理论的介绍。
关于顺应论的部分，该书介绍了顺应论的理论来源、顺应论的三个核心概念、顺应论的视角观、顺应论的分析维度、顺应论的应用等。本书中理论与实例有效结合，为读者展现了顺应论的完整框架及其应用。该书指出，顺应论是宏观语用学的核心，顺应论为我们提供了一个研究和探讨语用学的全新视角。谭晓晨发表在《外语与外语教学》上的《语境的动态研究一--维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》（2000, 50-52）中介绍了维索尔伦的语境适应论，探讨了语言和语境互为构建的动态关系，指出动态生成的语境观是对传统语境研究及时而必要的补充。孙炬发表在《山东大学学报》上的《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》（2007,51-55）从语言哲学的立场阐释了维索尔伦的顺应论。语言的使用是哲学立场的反映，纵观维索尔伦的语用思想，折射出体现在意义观、心理认知观和语境观三个方面的语言哲学。此外，刘正光、吴志高从哲学、心理学以及语言学的角度论述了顺应论的理论基础，除了对语言顺应论做出肯定，他们还指出“将‘顺应’看成一把万能的朗匙，以解释所有的语言运用，有运用过度之嫌”（李元胜，2007:124）。
中国学者不仅专门对顺应论进行研究，还将其与其他理论结合或者将顺应论应用到不同的领域。在利用顺应论对其他问题进行研究的过程中，顺应论对翻译的研究占据多数。
从理论研究的角度来看，有的学者侧重于顺应论对翻译理论研究的启示，戈玲玲在发表在《外语学刊》上的《顺应论对翻译研究的启示----兼论语用翻译标准》（2000,7-11） -文中，为我们展现了语用翻译理论的发展历程，它超越了以往语言学研究的框架，将翻译看作是一种动态的信息交流活动。文章还指出，根据顺应论，语言和语境之间的顺应是一个相互的过程，两者可以相互影响，同样，翻译作为语言转换的过程，也会涉及到原语和目的语之间的相互顺应，这种顺应应该以满了交际双方的需要为目的，对交际语境、语言的选择和语言结构做出改变。
有的学者从顺应论的角度分析翻译策略和方法，王建国发表于《外语研究》上的《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》（2005,55-59） -文中，针对国内外翻译界对翻译方法和翻译策略的争论，他指出直译、意译、归化、异化只是翻译方法，而不是翻译策略，动态顺应才是翻译策略。同时，他还指出翻译的过程和结果是动态顺应的过程和结果。
顺应论在与翻译结合的过程中，学者们除了从翻译理论研究的角度分析和阐释顺应论对翻译研究的意义外，还将顺应论应用到具体的翻译实践中去，比如文学作品译作分析、应用文本译作分析，同时还有学者将顺应论与语用策略研究、外语教学研究、跨文化交际等方面联系起来。
叶苗在其着作《应用翻译语用观》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics）中，首先对应用翻译进行了定位，然后从语用学的角度研究应用翻译。同时她主张以顺应论为基础来讨论和解释异化，并以《选美中国》为例，结合应用翻译中“异化”和“归化”之争，提出了在对具有中国文化特色的应用文本翻译时，译者可以采取异化策略，担负起传播中国文化的使命，扩大目的语读者的'文化语境、认知语境，激发他们对中国文化和传统的兴趣和探索，增强我国软实力。
纵观国内顺应论的研究现状以及顺应论与翻译结合的研究现状，可以看出在顺应论对翻译的结合方面，研究者几乎都是从文学翻译、应用文翻译的角度进行研究，而且很多研究还是局限于维索尔伦顺应论的推介和重申，缺乏创新点，并且对理论的适用范围没有做出明确规定，导致了顺应论在很多领域的误用和滥用。
3、参考文献。
Reiss, Katharina. Translation Criticism, The Potential &上海外语教育出版社，2004.
Verschueren, Jef. Understanding Pragmatics. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press. 2000.
戈玲玲。《顺应论对翻译研究的启示--兼论语用翻译标准》[J].黑龙江，外语学刊。2002 （3） :7-11.
公海燕《顺应论视角下广告翻译研究》。2012.
何自然。Pragmatics and CE/EC Translation [J].北京‘外语教学。1992 （1） ; 19-25.
何自然。《语用三论：关联论顺应论模因论》M.上海，上海教育出版社。2007.
何自然，冉永平。《语用学概论》[M].长沙，湖南教育出版社。2002.
胡芳毅，贾占波。《外宣翻译：意识形态操纵下的改写》[J] ?上海，上海翻译。2010⑴：23-28.
蒋澄生，廖定中。《语用学需要“顺应”潮流--顺应论的几个关键概念述评》[J].广州，广东工业大学学报。2005 （1） : 68-71.
贾文波。《应用翻译功能论（第二版）》[M].北京，中国出版集团公司。2012.
李明。《商务英语翻译（汉译英）》[M]?北京，高等教育出版社。2007.
李元胜《顺应论在中国的研究综述》[J].成都，成都大学学报 2007⑶：123-126.
刘恩祥，刘颖，李哲。《论语言顺应的动态性一基于广告语言的分析》[J].佛山，佛山科学技术学院学报（社会科学版）》。2011 （1） :70-73.
卢立程《企业对外宣传材料翻译中的语篇重构》[J].肇庆，肇庆学院学报。2007⑶：53-56.
钱冠连。《语用学：统一连贯的理论框架--J. Verschueren〈如何理解语用学〉述评》[J].北京，外语教学与研究。2000（3） :230-232.
钱冠连。《语用学：语言适应理论一“Verschueren语用学新论评述》[J] ?北京，外语教学与研究。1991（1）：61-66.
孙炬。《维索尔伦顺应论的语言哲学观》[J].济南，山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）。2007 （6） :51-55.
潭晓晨。《语境的动态研究-维索尔伦的语境适应论评介》[J].北京，外语与外语教学。2002 （6）：50-52.
王建国。《从语用顺应论的角度看翻译策略与方法》[J].南京，外语研究。2005（4） :55-59.
叶丽萍《顺应论在企业简介汉英翻译中的应用》。2012,叶苗。《应用翻译语用观研究》M.上海，上海交通大学出版社。2009.
张运桥，严敏芬。《语用三观：关联论、顺应论、模因论评介》[J].广州，外语艺术教育研究。2009（3） :36-38.
4、论文提纲。
1 引言
2 文献综述
国外顺应论研究状况
国内顺应论研究状况
3 顺应论简介
顺应论的三个核心概念
变异
商讨性
顺应
顺应论的两个分析维度
语境因素的顺应
语言结构顺应
顺应论在翻译中的应用
4 从顺应论的视角看企业外宣翻译中的语篇重构
企业外宣翻译的文本和语言特点
语篇重构的概念
从顺应论的视角看形式的语篇重构
语篇衔接和连贯方式与形式的语篇重构
语言风格与形式的语篇重构
从顺应论的视角看内容的语篇重构
心理世界与内容的语篇重构
文化现象与内容的语篇重构
社会规范和政治制度与内容的语篇重构
5 结论
5、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容。
本论文选取了两篇企业外宣材料，分别是《西麦克展览公司简介》和《海天味业网站宣传资料》，并由本人对其进行翻译。根据翻译过程中出现的问题，并结合顺应论的相关分析维度和语篇重构的两大类型，分析译者为顺应目的语读者的语言习惯、文化背景、社会规约和心理因素等所做出的调整。
6、研究条件和可能存在的问题。
本文以顺应论为基础，结合语篇重构的概念，分析了西麦克展览公司宣传材料和海天调味食品股份有限公司宣传材料英译过程中的语篇重构现象。企业外宣材料不仅仅涉及到基本信息传达，而且涉及到企业文化、价值观念、影晌力的传递。因此企业外宣翻译不是简单机械地表达和传递信息，还要从目的语读者的角度对原文作出调整，使目的语读者在阅读外宣材料时被其所传递的企业信息所吸引，继而激发他们采取行动。因此，译者为了符合目的语读者的阅读习惯、审美习惯、思维方式、文化背景要对原文进行内容上和形式上的语篇重构。包括语篇衔接与连贯方式的顺应、语言风格的顺应、心理世界的顺应、文化现象的顺应以及社会规范和政治制度的顺应。同时译者为了达到以上这些顺应的目的，选择顺应的过程中也包含了对原文从词语、句子结构、篇章衔接以及内容上进行重构。
对于企业的外宣翻译，只有设身处地地从目的语读者的角度去思考和翻译，巧妙地对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语读者的语言和文化，才能激发读者付诸行动，为企业的形象宣传和经济发展带来实实在在的好处。
7、预期的结果。
企业外宣翻译要通过对原文进行语篇重构来顺应目的语社会的语言语境、心理世界、社交世界、文化世界等，才能更好地实现外宣翻译的交际功能，达到良好外宣效果。
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
MTI专业毕业论文一般会选择写翻译实践报告，而翻译实践报告则要求提供至少10000字的翻译材料（双语）附在翻译实践报告之后，即附录。
MTI专业毕业论文一般会选择写翻译实践报告，而翻译实践报告则要求提供至少10000字的翻译材料（双语）附在翻译实践报告之后，即附录
英语翻译毕业论文可以写某个电影或者某本书的翻译，开始也不太会，也是莫文网的高手帮忙的，很靠谱的说应用英语翻译呼唤理论指导大学英语翻译教学:现状与对策商务英语翻译中存在的问题与对策新世纪十年来商务英语翻译研究:回顾与前瞻国内商务英语翻译研究综述顺应理论视角下科技英语翻译切雅实证分析经济一体化环境下的商务英语翻译教学大学英语翻译教学存在的问题与对策语用观视角下的中医英语翻译教学实证研究翻译——找到源语的所指——对规划教材《商务英语翻译》误译译例的批判研究从功能对等角度看商务英语翻译高校科技英语翻译课程设置探讨功能对等理论指导下的商务英语翻译科技英语汉译的英语翻译技巧研究——以船舶英语文本中的汉译为例功能对等视角下的科技英语翻译论商务英语翻译的4Es标准关联理论在科技英语翻译中的应用——以Climate Change and Peak Oil文本的翻译为例大学英语翻译教学:问题与对策英语翻译专业本科生的笔译能力调查分析——以某师范大学英语翻译专业为例中国职业篮球俱乐部体育英语翻译人员现状及发展对策研究从目的论的角度下看商务英语翻译试论旅游英语翻译中的创造性论高职商务英语翻译教学中学生跨文化交际意识的培养试论近代国人英语翻译基于功能翻译理论的商务英语翻译教学任务型教学法在《商务英语翻译》教学中的运用跨文化因素对商务英语翻译的影响及调整策略商务英语翻译教学存在的问题与改革商务英语翻译与文化信息等值研究大学英语翻译教学教材编写探讨东西方文化差异对商务英语翻译的影响顺序分析在科技英语翻译中的应用——以翻译项目《大气污染排放系数手册》为案例从关联理论分析法律英语翻译中的文化差异及其翻译补偿商务英语翻译原则探讨商务英语翻译中的文化与语用因素研究Advanced Systematic Golf高尔夫技术英语翻译项目的实践报告
毕业论文开题报告几月份交，要看你是哪个大学，不同的学校，有不同的要求。一般来说都是大四下学期开学后，三月到五月的都有。
2021年11月-12月。贵州理工学院2022届毕业论文设计开题报告时间在2021年11月到12月之间，具体时间要由不学校不同的系部，还有导师安排，整个学院的开题报告时间持续为半个月。开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。
毕业论文开题报告九月份交。对论文的写作进度进行安排，按时间节点完成相关内容。无论是开题报告，还是文献综述，无论是论文正文，还是毕业答辩，参考文献的引用是必不可少、不可或缺的。
在当前研究现状的基础上，对当前的研究成果进行分析，当前的研究成果存在哪些不足，还有哪些问题没有解决，进而描述自己的课题想要解决的问题。
选择技巧
1、选题背景：简要介绍论文所研究问题的基本概念和背景，课题选题的初衷是什么，为什么会有这样的选题？
2、课题研究的意义：简单阐述课题研究在该领域内有什么促进作用，通过研究能够取得哪些成果，可以与“研究与解决的问题”部分有重复。
3、国内外研究现状：课题研究当前处于一个什么样的研究状态，国内外的相关研究成果都有哪些，尤其是最近几年的研究文献一定要多列出，通过当前现状的研究可以引出自己下一步要研究的内容。
硕士毕业论文开题报告需要花一周时间写。
硕士是一个介于学士及博士之间的研究生学位，拥有硕士学位者通常象征具有对其专注、所研究领域的基础的独立的思考能力。
学习制度
硕士研究生的学习实行学分制，与本科一样，课程包括必修和选修，学制一般为2到3年，多数都是3年，也有2年半的。一般来讲，前两年是基础课和专业课学习时间，通常可以修完绝大部分学分；第三年用来完成毕业论文、实习和求职。
许多学校都规定，如果提前修完所要求的学分，并符合一定条件的，可以申请提前毕业。非全日制研究生学习年限可相应延长。
建议你找沈阳美东旭翻译公司啊，来自美国的有15年翻译行业经验的翻译专家，还可以根据需要选择是否为你提供以英语为母语的外籍专业人士进行校对～其实母语校对尤其适合您这种需要严谨的论文性质的文章翻译呢～
analysis of IM software QQ's infeluence in interpersonal relationshipabstractwith the development of network technology,content of network has gradually became abundant,all kinds of software come out IM software QQ has been developing more than ten years, it has became a integration software with its comunication ,entertainment and intercomunication functions. by its huge influence,nearly most of chinese net citizens are the user of QQ, it has large influence of our interpersonal conmunication and daily life and i think QQ'S success has its necessaritythis paper combine with writter's QQ software's trial,interpersonal conmunication character and its functions development, compare with the other similar network softwares and research related information to research QQ's influence of interpersonal consider to be a software with its advantages of first ,free,convenience,specific and powerful function and those are the conditions of it's success, on the other hand , more and more people begin to touch with internet and internet conmunication needs increase day by day are the key to QQ widespreading and longterm developing . this paper attach importance to users and software to research and discuss QQ's influence ,advatages and disadvantages
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求：
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)
就目前人工智能的发展水平来看，机器降重还远远做不到“准确读取语句的意思，并将之用不同的词汇表述出来”我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错，你可以考虑一下。你可以加速去知道了解下