最佳答案Frances Hodgson Burnett的the secret garden？The opening chapter in the The Secret Garden finds Mary Lennox an ugly and disagreeable She has a little thin face and a little thin body,thin light hair and a sour Her hair is yellow,and her face is yellow because she has been born in India and has always been ill in one way or Her father holds a position in India under the English Government and is busy and her mother is a great beauty who cares only to go to After her parents die in an epidemic of cholera,this lonely girl is sent to live with her uncle,Archibald Craven,at Misselthwaite Manor,on the edge of the Yorkshire moor in EThere,with the help of the robin,a magical bird,Mary discovers a secret garden which has been shut up for ten Ten years ago,Craven’s wife,Lilias,died from a severe fall from the tree right in this From then on,this garden is locked Under the care of Mary and Dickon,a Yorkshire boy who lives on the moor,the dead garden is turned into a flourishing garden full of vigor and The process of tending the garden also restores Mary to her In addition,the discovery of the garden parallels Mary’s discovery of her cousin,Colin,who is tyrannical and In the garden,Colin strives to gain his health and At the end of the book,MCraven returns to the garden and MCraven, Mary and Colin are reunited happily in the beautiful
我最近也在写论文，网上看了很多的方法，找了很多网站但是都没用，偶然间发现在淘宝里有卖知网账号的，有一个月也有三个月无限下载的，都只要几块钱，不过格式是PDF的，你可以去里面找找哦，一般在知网一页就要5毛钱，但是买个账号就无限下载超划算的，可以试试哦。希望有帮到你，呵呵。
首先, 中英文两种语言使用中的文化相似性在于语言的独特性。语言的结构以及语言的内容会影响人们的思维。我们通常会有这样的感觉, 有时外语中有些词汇很难翻译成汉语, 这一点更说明了语言与文化在塑造人们对世界的认识方面的重要意义, 因为每种语言都有特定的词汇去描绘特定的经历与思想。这些特定的经历、思想与词汇, 只有特定的文化才能独有。有时我们用一些蹩脚的翻译不能达到原语言所表达的意思要求。由于文化的原因, 个别词汇的表达尚且如此, 带有浓重文化色彩的词组更是不可忽视。文化的独特性导致我们常见的各种电影等文学作品的名字很大程度上有着文化的要素, 因此, 我们在处理这些名称的时候应该时时刻刻注意文化的影响。我们在翻译、理解文学电影作品时有几种情况, 即完全对等型、对等型、完全不对等型。无论是哪种类型, 我们都可以看出在作品命名以及名称转化时文化的独特性体现。完全对等型是英文与汉语音释完全相等, 可谓语音的转化。例如: “Hamlet”《哈姆雷特》, 即使是在转化人名的时候也要注意准确性以及文化的影响, 《英语姓名译名手册》能够规范译名的统一性和稳定性。这种方法虽然简单, 但是有时也会出现一些问题, 往往会把外国的人名用任意的汉语同音字代替。这里主要掌握的是外国人名与中国人名的音相同时, 我们一般适宜用外国人名常用的字, 以避开与中国人名的混淆, 从而显示文学作品异域的文化内涵性, 充分体现不同文化的特征。对等型的第二种是直接转化原文名称。这种方法与语音的直译不同, 它是语义的转化。其中, 无论是原文名称还是译文名称都能概括表达故事的内容。例如: “The Old Curiosity Shop”《老古玩店》/ “Our Mutual Friend”《我们共同的朋友》这种转化方法相对比较简单, 但是在转化中也应该充分考虑汉语语言文化表达上整齐与通畅的特点。这两种名称转化不像意译那样受到重视, 但是, 不同语言的差异及不同文化上的差异直接表现了各种文化中的姓名各有差异。例如, 各个民族的命名方法及历史渊源都有很大的差别。因此, 在外语转化成汉语名称时一定要注意原语文化中的姓名特点。这种翻译虽然在翻译上完全等同, 但是在字音或语调上都会发生一些变化。交际者不会过多地介意, 但是由此造成的结果是读出来的姓名既不属于甲文化, 也不属于乙文化, 而处于一种洋味十足的折中状态。这种折中实质上就是跨文化交际中求同的具体表现[2]381。因此, 应该十分注意这种现象, 以达到两种文化都能够接受的目的。其次, 中英文两种语言使用中的文化相似性在于语言的可接受性。每种文化在表达一定的思想时都有其本身的文化内涵, 这就构成了它的可接受性。同样用文艺作品的名称举例说明, 完全不对等型进行中英文两种文字的互换时, 要脱离原来语言的模式及文化特征, 达到另一种语言的文化可以接受的效果。译者不仅要了解外国文化, 还要了解自己的民族文化。不仅如此, 还要把两种文化加以比较, 因为真正的对比应该是从各自文化的内涵意义出发寻求对应。这种类型的互换在目的语中根本找不到原语文字面的影子, 而是按照故事内容情节进行的。这类翻译的作品在早期出现过一些经典, 这种翻译能在更大程度上体现译语的文化内涵。这种翻译涉及到对文化处理时一般分为两种方法: 主要以原语言文化为归宿和主要以目的语文化为归宿。因此, 英语书名、电影名称的汉语翻译多采用汉语的文化归宿[2]276。在充分考虑文化因素的同时, 还要注意影视片名的雅俗共赏、喜闻乐见的特点, 回味无穷更是让影片增添色彩。影视译名广告宣传效应也是值得注意的问题。比较成功的书名及影视名称的翻译也很常见, 例如: 一些经典影片的翻译: “As You Like It”《皆大欢喜》/ “Gone with the Wind”《飘》/ “Wuthering Heights”《呼啸山130庄》/ “Waterloo Bridge”《魂断蓝桥》“Forrest Gump”/ 《阿甘正传》/ “Limelight”《舞台生涯》等。近期的一些影片也有些是这类翻译的典范, 如: “Birth”《重生》/ “Wicker Park”《迷情公寓》/“Paparazzi”《狗仔摄影师》/ “Cars”《汽车总动员》/ “Blow Dry”《爱情洗剪吹》等。《红菱艳》、《窈窕淑女》、《玉女神驹》等就非常符合汉语的习惯及文化认知。二中英文两种语言使用中的文化差异性在于两种语言使用的结构不同。广告语言作为一种文体具有很高的商业价值, 广告文体作为独特语言的形式有其明显的文化特征。在广播、电视、电影、报纸、公共汽车的车身、建筑工地、单位的大厅内, 每天我们的生活都充满着各种各样的广告宣传语言。这些广告有商品或文学作品的宣传广告, 有动员性、鼓动性的宣传广告, 两者的目的都是一种广泛宣传使人记住的口号, 可称之为口号( slogan ) , 或广告语句( catch phrases) , 在语体上也有着鲜明的功能性。作为商业媒体广告它可以借助图画形象的信息功能, 使语言高度精练, 句子高度浓缩, 浓缩的短句常常具有警句和格言的意味, 是一种运用各种语言技巧并富有艺术魅力的鼓动性语言, 它要求用词独特新颖而言简意赅, 句式洗练而内涵丰富, 同时要引人注目而读后回味无穷。作为文学作品的评价推广, 主要是利用文字格式及语言的表现达到引人注目、提高知名度的目的。下面分别就一般的商业广告和口号性的标语两大类特殊的语言形式具体分析其语言特点以及所体现出的文化差别。首先, 一般的商业广告, 通常会使用大量的形容词,例如, 汉语早期的成套的商业承诺有: 造型美观, 款式新颖, 质量上乘, 服务周到。如果分别把这个宣传口号翻译成beautifully/handsomely designed/fashion /up- to- date style / superfine quality / courteous service, 就会有失英语表达的特点, 根本体现不了英语广告语言的特色, 结构也不符合英语的结构特点, 显得不伦不类。为了符合英语文化的特点, 我们最好把它翻译成: It is beautiful, and fashionable, andexcellent item; you can enjoy your buying that will be considerate and 这种差异不仅体现了两种语言的结构特点, 而且更多地体现了两种语言的文化特点, 即汉语注重的句型整齐、排比的、朗朗上口的结构特点, 也体现了汉语的高度浓缩的语言特征。而英语则表现出极其整齐的、严格的结构特点。这里我们不难看到, 在宣传广告语言中除了使用了大量的形容词以及语言的凝练之外, 汉语的稳定的结构特征在广告语言中也被淋漓尽致地表现出来。汉语习惯使用成型的三字或者是四字的结构表达, 以增加语义, 增强语势, 强化广告的艺术感染力, 以达到表现力与节奏上的完美。但是, 因为英语与汉语结构的差异, 广告文字的翻译就很难做到两者的一致与统一。必须结合每种语言的特点进行理解与释义。究其根源, 汉语的结构特点是中国文化的体现。国人往往吟诗唱词, 文化的修养也常常以对古汉语的理解与掌握为标准。从许多产品精练的广告标语、企业精神的口号、凝结学校历史与传统的校训中都可以看到这种文化与结构表达的充分体现。例如: 汇丰银行的广告词的英语:“We’ve been on a long journey together, now we’re paving the way to a better ”相对应的汉语翻译为: 永结同心, 共致未来。还有索尼掌中宝的广告的英语是: “It lets you take a tripback into a past, and enjoy the memories of a life ”这一则广告的汉语也极大地展现了汉语的结构特点“为你记载人生、重温旧梦、留住欢乐”。不仅如此, 中外名校展示风采的校训也充分地体现了这种宣传语言文字在不同语言中的差别。这里首先以中国百名高校的校训为例, 我们可以清楚地看到, 一百所高校的校训很多都是以四字为单位, 或者四字, 或者两组四字, 最多为四组四字。例如, 浙江大学的“求实创新”, 清华大学的“自强不息, 厚德载物”, 华南师范大学的131“艰苦奋斗, 严谨治学, 求实创新, 为人师表”; 四字的校训, 如西北工业大学的公、诚、勇、毅①。总之, 基本是以整齐的结构、极富表达力的字为特点。与中国名校的校训相似, 英语国家的校训也是力求简洁、明了, 体现追求真理和服务社会的特点。但是不同的是, 英语国家的校训的语言特色不是像中国校训一样的严谨的句子结构, 而是简洁地表达一个理念, 如斯坦福大学: 愿学术自由之风劲吹; 普林斯顿大学: 普林斯顿—为国家服务, 为世界服务; 哈佛大学: 让真理与你为友;多伦多大学: 像大树一样茁壮成长。从这些精辟的语言的表达中, 我们也可以看到英语与汉语的语言与文化的差异。其次, 中国的文化传统造成中国人比较喜欢用一些口号性的标语。比如我们最常见的: 好好学习, 天天向上; 高高兴兴上班去, 安安全全回家来; 做知法公民, 养合法宠物等, 汉语比较喜欢用这类标语, 在翻译时一定要注意它们的民族独特性与汉语的表达方式, 否则将会造成对原语的错误翻译, 或是会造成很费解的翻译, 因此较好的翻译绝不能按照汉语的结构套出英语的句子, 也绝不要按照英语的句子翻译看上去根本不是广告的汉语语言。当然, 这里还要把握翻译时的意译及其文化的相对性、直译及其文化的开放性以及不译及其社会文化现象可移植性的含义[3]。前面提到的是极其典型的汉语的宣传语体的句子, 这些句子深深地置身于中国文化之中。这些句子只有在汉语中才能体现出它的广告宣传效果, 如果翻译成英语句子它们就失去了本身的深刻内涵, 也就是说不太适合翻译成英语句子。即便是翻译成了英语句子, 也没有可能像汉语那样语义清楚, 结构简练, 朗朗上口, 过目不忘。以上可以看到, 无论是英语作品的宣传, 还是传统的汉语广告, 一是充分体现了广告的文字语体, 二是体现了英语与汉语两种语言的语言特征。因此, 在翻译这样的广告语言时, 要尽量符合目的语的语言特征。从汉语的文化特点来看, 中国的传统以均衡均匀为美, 《文心雕龙·丽辞篇》就提出了“造化附形, 支体必双; 神理为用, 事不孤立”。这种传统的审美心理对汉语有着潜移默化的影响, 突出地表现在四字格这种语言形式上。四字格字数统一, 音节固定, 具有结构工整、音韵和谐、简洁明快等鲜明的特点。中国人非常习惯以整齐的句式表达强烈的思想感情, 因此,在广告语中的三字、四字、五言、六从、七字常常被使用到。而英语中缺乏此种表达形式, 汉语译成英语时就很难做到。但是由于英语本身有些广告是使用了语音的押韵、词语的多义所产生的艺术效果, 翻译成汉语也很难做到音、形与义的完美转换。英语译成汉语尽量照顾了汉语的句式整齐的广告语言特征, 但是汉语译成英语如果只是按照汉语的句式进行翻译, 势必造成理解上的问题, 有时更谈不上音形义的同时顾及。有些英语广告使用的语言生动、奇特, 能引起读者的兴趣, 取得了激动人心的效果。如: kiss your coughs goodbye, 就是一则十分符合英语文化习惯的诙谐幽默的表达。因此, 语言的使用首先考虑的是文化的因素, 语言只有在文化的背景下才能更有其真实的、饱满的含义。语言的学习不仅要清楚语言文体本身的特点, 还要力争做到语言与文化的相互影响、相互作用。语言学习为文化学习提供了一种渠道, 文化的学习与认识会促进语言的学习
哎哟 这个可有一点难度呢亲，需要的话 也可以给你呢。
Language and ThoughtLanguage and Thoughtby Dan Slobin of the University of California, BerkeleyNo one would disagree with the claim that language and thought interact in many significant There is great disagreement, however, about the proposition that each specific language has its own influence on the thought and action of its On the one hand, anyone who has learned more than one language is struck by the many ways in which languages differ from one But on the other hand, we expect human beings everywhere to have similar ways of experiencing the Comparisons of different languages can lead one to pay attention to 'universals'--the ways in which all languages are similar, and to 'particulars' --the ways in which each individual language, or type of language, is special, even Linguists and other social scientists interested in universals have formulated theories to describe and explain human language and human language behavior in general terms as species-specific capacities of human However, the idea that different languages may influence thinking in different ways has been present in many cultures and has given rise to many philosophical Because it is so difficult to pin down effects of a particular language on a particular thought pattern, this issue remains It comes in and out of fashion and often evokes considerable energy in efforts to support or refute Relativity and Determinism There are two problems to confront in this arena: linguistic relativity and linguistic Relativity is easy to In order to speak any language, you have to pay attention to the meanings that are grammatically marked in that For example, in English it is necessary to mark the verb to indicate the time of occurrence of an event you are speaking about: It's raining; It rained; and so In Turkish, however, it is impossible to simply say, 'It rained last night' This language, like many American Indian languages, has more than one past tense, depending on one's source of knowledge of the In Turkish, there are two past tenses--one to report direct experience and the other to report events that you know about only by inference or Thus, if you were out in the rain last night, you will say, 'It rained last night' using the past-tense form that indicates that you were a witness to the rain; but if you wake up in the morning and see the wet street and garden, you are obliged to use the other past-tense form--the one that indicates that you were not a witness to the rain Differences of this sort have fascinated linguists and anthropologists for They have reported hundreds of facts about 'exotic' languages, such as verbs that are marked or chosen according to the shape of an object that is being handled (Navajo) or for the relative ages of speaker and hearer (Korean) Such facts are grist for the mill of linguistic And, indeed, they can be found quite readily in 'nonexotic' languages as To cite a fact about English that is well known to linguists: It is not appropriate to say Richard Nixon has worked in Washington, but it is perfectly OK to say Gerald Ford has worked in W Why? English restricts the present perfect tense ('has worked') to assertions about people who are Exotic! Proponents of linguistic determinism argue that such differences between languages influence the ways people think--perhaps the ways in which whole cultures are Among the strongest statements of this position are those by Benjamin Lee Whorf and his teacher, Edward Sapir, in the first half of this century--hence the label, 'The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis', for the theory of linguistic relativity and Whorf proposed: 'We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way--an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language' (Whorf, 1940; in Carroll, 1956, 213-4) And, in the words of Sapir: 'Human are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group' (Sapir, 1929; in Manlbaum, 1958, 162) Investigating Language and Thought How can such bold claims be substantiated beyond examination of individual languages themselves? If one takes the hypothesis seriously, it should be possible to show that Turks are more sensitive to evidence than are Americans, but that Americans are more aware of death than T Clearly, the hypothesis cannot be supported on so grand a Rather, experimental psychologists and cognitive anthropologists have sought to find small differences, on controlled tasks, between speakers of various Maybe Navajos are somewhat more sensitive to shapes of objects, for The results have been In most cases, human thought and action are overdetermined by an array of causes, so the structure of language may not play a central causal Linguistic determinism can best be demonstrated in situations in which language is the principal means of drawing people's attention to a particular aspect of For example, if you regularly speak a language in which you must pick a form of second-person address (you) that marks your social relationship to your interlocutor--such as Spanish tu ('you' for friends and family and for those socially subordinate) usted ('you' for those socially above in status or for those with whom you have no close connection) or French tu versus vous--you must categorize every person you talk to in terms of the relevant social (As a thought experiment of linguistic determinism, think of the categorizations of social relationships that would have to be made if Spanish became the common language of the United S) Going beyond thought experiments, some of the most convincing research demonstrating some degree of linguistic determinism is being conducted under the direction of Stephen C Levinson at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, The N Levinson and his collaborators distinguish between languages that describe spatial relations in terms of the body (like English 'right/left', 'front/back') and those that orient to fixed points in the environment (like 'north/south/east/west' in some aboriginal Australian languages) In a language of the second type one would refer, for example, to 'your north shoulder' or 'the bottle at the west end of the table'; in narrating a past event, one would have to remember how the actions related to the compass Thus, in order to speak this type of language, you always have to know where you are with respect to the compass points, whether you are speaking or And Levinson's group have shown, in extensive cross-linguistic and cross-cultur studies, that this is, in fact, the Much more research needs to be done, but it is not likely that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis will be supported in the strong form quoted For one, language is only one factor that influences cognition and For another, if the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis were really true, second language learning and translation would be far harder than they However, because language is so pervasive--and because we must always make cognitive decisions while speaking--weaker versions of the hypothesis will continue to attract scientific (For a lively debate on many of these issues, with much new evidence from several fields, read Gumperz and Levinson ) Suggested Readings Gumperz, J J, and Levinson, S C Rethinking linguistic Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University P Lucy, John A Language diversity and thought: A reformulation of the linguistic relativity Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University P Sapir, E "The status of linguistics as a science" Language 207- Reprinted in The selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture, and personality, by D G Mandelbaum, 160- Berkeley: University of California P Whorf, B L "Science and linguistics" Technology Review 42: 227-31, 247- Reprinted in Language, thought, and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf, by J B Carroll, 207- Cambridge, MA: The Technology Press of MIT/New York: W
英美文学方向的选题太多了啊，网上一搜一大堆，选一个你自己喜欢并感兴趣的就行了。 1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观 2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读 3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响 4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格 5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔 6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》 7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍 8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神 9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判 10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色 11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义 12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟 13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观 14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德 15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义 16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突 17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义 20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识 21、论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识 22、 论劳伦斯《虹》中的异化 23、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》与《梁祝》悲剧结局所体现的中西文化差异 24、从《在路上》看五六十年代美国社会价值观 25、 评希思克利夫被扭曲的心路历程 26、试论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默特色 27、惠特曼的死亡哲学 28、 论《呼啸山庄》--原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩 29、 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用 30、透过小说《威廉·威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦·坡的善恶观
论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita, the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze, an American, is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert, a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is, but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture, and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However, he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together, their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion, which he overtly links to art, history, and culture, and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually, Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty, who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis, and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic, logical In the foreword to Lolita, John Ray, J, PD, claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry, but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study, heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example, he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt, the headmistress of Lolita’s school, diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature, wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field, Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being, but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell, closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous, strange, and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry, and Lolita is, in a way, an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关,但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles, and, alienated from the societies with which they are familiar, they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America, while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together, they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient, belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open, unfamiliar territory, Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules, where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity, and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom, their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go, and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita, he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile, Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison, it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves, an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L
皇帝的新衣快乐王子卖火柴的小女孩竞选市长小王子
A Brief Comment on Shakespeare's' The Merchant of Venice (浅谈莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》)Hamlet: His Characters as a Humanist(哈姆雷特人物性格分析)Parallelism and Contrast of Shakespeare's Dramatic Language(莎士比亚戏剧的排比与对照用语)The Social Significance of Dickens's Oliver Twist(狄更斯《雾都孤儿》的社会意义)On the Structure of Dickens's Hard Times(谈狄更斯《艰难时世》的结构)Jane Austen's Art of Irony and Its Rhetoric Effects(简·奥斯丁的反语及其修辞效果)Appreciation of Literary Language of Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》文学语言欣赏)
学术堂整理了十五个英语专业毕业论文选题供大家参考: 试从家庭视角探析《最蓝的眼睛》中女主人公皮克拉的悲剧 英语 浅析《雾都孤儿》中的善及其对恶的影响 英语 悲观与迷茫心理------浅析海明威小说《永别了武器》 英语 探析<<远大前程>>中郝维香的悲惨命运 英语 浅析《双城记》中的人道主义思想 英语 简爱与苔丝性格及命运的对比研究 英语 试论《飘》中女性主义的悲剧色彩 英语 浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中艾米丽的悲剧 英语 《威尼斯商人》中安东尼奥的人物特点分析 英语 从《哈克贝利o费恩历险记》看马克o吐温的写作特色 英语 麦琪悲剧的成因--《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 英语 《蝇王》的主题分析 英语 迷失的灵魂--论奥尼尔晚期剧作《长日人夜行》 英语 青少年的烦恼--对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理分析 英语 勃朗特姐妹的爱情观解析 英语
About European culture
Bibliography China's State Council General Office,(2008) Norms of the State Council General Office on the clean-up activities related to various types of vocational qualification notice, Huang,YQ,(2009) Chapter Four,PPT International Accounting Standards Board,(2003) International Accounting Standards, China Financial and Economic Publishing House MBA,(2009) Materiality Principle, _Principle Peng,F,(2008) Affect the quality of accounting information of the human factors and regulatory response，IFMA Robert,David,Kenneth,NFA,(2007) Accounting:Text and Cases, China Machine Press Wang,YH,(2006) Quality evaluation of financial accounting information to explore a number of issues, Zeng,FY,(2002)On the Behaviour Pattern of the Users of Financial Information, Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences） ·China's State Council General Office,(2008) Norms of the State Council General Office on the clean-up activities related to various types of vocational qualification notice, ·Huang,YQ,(2009) Chapter Four,PPT ·International Accounting Standards Board,(2003) International Accounting Standards, China Financial and Economic Publishing House ·MBA,(2009) Materiality Principle, _Principle ·Peng,F,(2008) Affect the quality of accounting information of the human factors and regulatory response，IFMA ·Robert,David,Kenneth,NFA,(2007) Accounting:Text and Cases, China Machine Press ·Wang,YH,(2006) Quality evaluation of financial accounting information to explore a number of issues, ·Zeng,FY,(2002)On the Behaviour Pattern of the Users of Financial Information, Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences）
Accounting for R&D in the National Accounts Dennis Fixler Bureau of Economic Analysis 24 February 2009 Paper presented at ASSA meetings in San Francisco, January 2009 %20for%20RD_02_pdf Accounting information as political currency* Karthik Ramanna Harvard Business School du and Sugata Roychowdhury MIT Sloan School of Management du This draft: March 31, 2008 Abstract: We test whether accounting can be used as political Our setting is the US congressional election of 2004, where outsourcing of US jobs was a campaign We find that the largest corporate donors to principal candidates in closely watched congressional races manage earnings downwards in the two quarters immediately preceding the 2004 We find no evidence of such downwards earnings management among corporate donors to candidates in all other congressional Election outcomes for candidates are also systematically associated with the extent of donors' downwards earnings management in closely watched races, but not all other The findings are consistent with firms managing accounting information in circumstances where this is likely to benefit allied -pdf 哈佛商学院2008年3月31日
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