研
砚的别称 砚是"文房四宝"之一，它的历史已很久远了，近年出土文物中，有西汉初期的砚台和砚石，那么，它至少有二千年的历史了。在这漫长的历史长河中，有关它的称谓或别称，可谓多矣！ 一曰即墨侯。唐朝文嵩以砚拟人，作《即墨侯石虚中传》，称砚姓石，名虚中，字居默，封"即墨侯"。从此人们便称砚为即墨侯。如宋朝王迈的除夜洗砚诗："多谢吾家即墨侯，朝濡暮染富春秋。" 二曰万石君。宋朝苏轼作《万石君罗文传》，以他优美的文笔，给产于婺源龙尾山的"罗文砚"（歙砚的一个品种）写了一篇传记。说"罗文，歙人也，其上世常隐龙尾山?quot;并说"罗文"因"助成文治，厥功茂焉"封"万石君"。万石君的名字从此传开。 三曰瓦砚，亦称砚瓦，俗称瓦头砚。唐以前除石砚、瓷砚外，就是陶砚。澄泥砚是陶砚的进步。唐朝韩愈在《瘗砚文》中讲的"土乎成质，陶乎成器"就是指澄泥砚。秦汉时建筑宫殿用的砖瓦，多采用澄泥制法，后来有人用这些砖瓦改制为砚。正象唐朝吴融《古砚瓦赋》中描述的："无谓乎柔而无刚，土埏而为瓦；勿谓乎废而不用，瓦断而为砚"。还有一说，谓："砚瓦者，唐人语也，非谓以瓦为砚，盖砚之中必隆起如瓦状，以不留墨为贵。"（见《闻见后录》）。 四曰陶泓。唐朝韩愈作《毛颖传》，称砚为陶泓，陶泓指的也是砖瓦砚。唐宋时，尽管著名的端石、歙石、红丝石以及洮石等相继出现，用这些石料做成的砚开始流行，但砚石开采、制作仍受种种条件限制。瓷陶砚便于生产，所以瓷陶砚在当时仍多于石砚。在称呼的习惯上，总是把砚和陶瓦联系起来，既是称石砚有些地方也叫砚瓦。 五曰砚台，把砚称为砚台，可以说是对砚的一种通称。唐朝司空图的诗句："夕阳照个新红叶，似要题诗落砚台。" 六曰石友。过去的人都把书斋和客座中的各种珍品，以友相看。砚被称为石友。宋朝王炎有诗云："剡溪来楮生，歙穴会石友。"楮生指的是纸。石友指的就是砚。 七曰砚田。旧时读书人依文墨为生计，因将砚台比作田地。宋朝苏轼诗："我生无田食破砚，尔来砚枯磨不出。" 八曰砚池。有种凹形砚称作砚池。晋傅玄《砚赋》云："芦方圆以定形，锻金铁而为池。"说的就是这种砚。砚池，也指砚端的蓄水池。 九曰砚山。依石天然形状凿为砚，刻石为山，叫做砚山。明高谦《遵遵生八戕》谓："砚山始自米南宫，以南唐宝石为之，图载《辍耕录》，后即效之。"如天津市艺术博物馆藏有清人阮元旧藏仿元人清溪钓艇小景端石砚山即是。 十曰墨海。宋朝苏易简的《文房四谱》载：传说黄帝得一玉，琢为墨海，并?quot;帝鸿氏之砚"于其上。宋朝程俱《谢人惠砚》诗："帝鸿墨海世不见，近爱端溪青紫砚。"刊入清朝高凤翰《砚史》那方题铭"墨乡磅礴，天空海阔"大瀛海澄泥砚，即是墨海的典型形制。墨海也指大墨盆。清朝翟颢《通俗编》讲："今书大字用墨多，则以瓦盆磨之，谓其盆曰墨海。" 砚还有许多陌生的称谓，如清朝王继香在他的《醉庵砚铭》中写道："昔人号砚曰润色先生、曰岩屋上人，曰铁面尚书，余独取其静而真也，谥之曰静真先生。"这样计算起来。砚竟有十多种称谓。其中有一些可能许多人闻所未闻。
应该是润物无声
砚是中国书法的必备用具。砚台不仅是文房用具，由于其性质坚固，传百世而不朽，又被历代文人作为珍玩藏品之选。砚台的材料丰富多样，除端石、歙石、洮河石、澄泥石、红丝石、砣矶石、菊花石外，还有玉砚、玉杂石砚、瓦砚、漆沙砚、铁砚、瓷砚等，共几十种。 从唐代起，广东端溪的端砚、安徽歙县的歙砚、甘肃南部的洮砚和河南洛阳的澄泥砚被并称为“四大名砚”。 现在它几千年的发展长河中，形成了各种各样的类别，下面控制砚原料不同分成大类，各大类下再按产地分成小类： 1、澄泥砚 宋代以后为四大名砚之一，借助于古代制作砖瓦陶器的工艺，把泥土经过澄滤，除掉粗渣沉淀后，加一些坚固剂，再制坯燃烧制成。其质地坚硬耐磨，呵气即湿，容易发墨，不损笔毫，不耗墨。有人工砚与天然砚之别。虢州澄泥砚，唐人推为第一。宋代有相州、泽州澄泥砚，明代颇负盛名的是绛县澄泥砚。 2、瓦头砚 又名秦砖汉瓦砚，这是用秦砖汉瓦制成的砚台。 3、漆砚 在现形外表，裹上麻布及丝织品，在麻布、丝织品上涂上一层漆灰，经晾干打磨后，再涂上一层朱漆。这种砚台轻便、坚固、耐用。 4、石砚 用石制作的砚，是历史最悠久、使用范围最广泛的一种砚台，历代名品叠出，按产地可将其分为： 5、青州紫金石砚：石色纯紫，色润细腻，发墨如端歙，有人将其列为宋代名砚之首。 6、青州金星石砚：产于临沂，又称羲之砚。石墨如漆，温润如玉，金星遍布，质地滴水不涸，叩之有声，涩不留笔，是制砚上品。 7、博山淄石砚：产于山东博山。石砚色泽缤纷，绚丽多彩，肌理润滑，易于发墨，被视为上品，素有“损石”美称。 8、灵壁砚：产于安徽灵壁县。砚石出自古泅水中，因为受到千万年来的水击浪冲，形成了自然的峰峦纹理，透空玲珑，形状各异。石质硬度大，石理缜密，色泽清润，发墨快，不损笔毫，与端歙齐名，宋代曾作为贡品进贡。 9、另外，还有菊花石砚、易州石砚、角石砚、乌金砚、灵岩石砚、开化石砚、黎溪石砚、沉州石砚等。 古代的砚除了上述几种外，还有瓷砚、金属砚、玉砚等。
润色读作：rùnsè；意思：1、修饰文字，使有文采；使增加光彩；湿润；装饰点缀；粉饰；加工，使更完美。
雕刻\打磨
修饰一下
修饰文字，使有文采。
润色读作：rùnsè；意思：1、修饰文字，使有文采；使增加光彩；湿润；装饰点缀；粉饰；加工，使更完美。
润色是指通过对文字进行修饰，使其文采丰富，以下例子是对句子进行润色，希望对理解有帮助： I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high (强调句强调句强调句强调句) It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of E We can live a happy life only by this (倒装) Only by this means can we live a happy He fell The lights were still (with结构) He fell asleep with the lights When I heard that, I was much (非谓语动词) Hearing that, I was much They carried out a survey among 260 (被动语态) A survey was carried out among 260 They were faced with many They didn’t lose (非谓语动词) Faced with many problems, they didn’t lose heart． It was getting And it began to (插入语) It was getting What was worse, it began to He worked very He made great progress in his (改为复合句) He worked so hard that he made great progress in his He offered me a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over (what引导的主语从句) What he offered me was a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over I got on a There were already too many people on (定语从句) I got on a bus on which there were already too many 50% of the students surveyed choose super stars as their (强调数字) As many as 50% of the students surveyed choose super stars as their
论文完成后最重要的步骤就是润色了！没有经过润色的论文是没有灵魂的。润色的过程就是为了避免论文出现语句不通顺，词不达意等问题。论文如果不经过润色是不完美的，论文写的再好，没有经过修改，也是很难达到正常发布标准的，撰写论文时有很多语句小毛病都是平常写作中形成的，很难改正，撰写时自然而然就会带上这些习惯。北京51rusne是一家专注于英文论文学术信息的准确传递，可以从英文论文读者的角度审视您的英文论文，通过润色提高英文论文的可读性readability。以上希望回答对你有帮助。
回答 稍微润色了一下：就是稍微变得更加湿润了。 润色是一个汉语词语，读音为rùn sè，一指修饰文字，使有文采，二指使增加光彩，三指湿润，四指装饰点缀，五指粉饰，六指犹加工、使更完美。
修改文章、优化表达方式、美化语言
embroidery；retouch；polish；larded with
雕刻\打磨
对文章的修改，就被别人成为润色。
润色是指通过对文字进行修饰，使其文采丰富，以下例子是对句子进行润色，希望对理解有帮助： I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high (强调句强调句强调句强调句) It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of E We can live a happy life only by this (倒装) Only by this means can we live a happy He fell The lights were still (with结构) He fell asleep with the lights When I heard that, I was much (非谓语动词) Hearing that, I was much They carried out a survey among 260 (被动语态) A survey was carried out among 260 They were faced with many They didn’t lose (非谓语动词) Faced with many problems, they didn’t lose heart． It was getting And it began to (插入语) It was getting What was worse, it began to He worked very He made great progress in his (改为复合句) He worked so hard that he made great progress in his He offered me a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over (what引导的主语从句) What he offered me was a piece of advice that I should cheer up and start all over I got on a There were already too many people on (定语从句) I got on a bus on which there were already too many 50% of the students surveyed choose super stars as their (强调数字) As many as 50% of the students surveyed choose super stars as their