Haiti Earthquake of 2010 March 19, 2010 A delegation of experts on human rights in Haiti prepares to testify before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on March 23rd. The delegation will urge the Commission to formally investigate the human rights impact of post-earthquake aid in Haiti and guide donor States regarding their obligations when delivering assistance. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 19, 2010 In anticipation of the March 31 Donors' Conference on Haiti, over 300 NGOs from around the world sent a letter to donor states calling on them to embrace the human rights and dignity of all Haitians as the driving force behind international assistance in rebuilding Haiti. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 16, 2010 January’s earthquake has prompted hundreds of thousands of Haitians to leave Port-au-Prince, reversing a decades-long migration from the countryside. — NYT March 15, 2010 New Orleans Law School professor Jeanne M. Woods draws on the experience of Hurricane Katrina to advocate for a "human rights approach" to aid for Haiti, which would provide Haitians with control over their own destiny and long-term support for their basic needs. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 15, 2010 Successful and sustainable development projects require including the Haitian people themselves in the planning and execution. But as Loune Viaud of Partners in Health and Monika Kalra Varma of the RFK Center for Human Rights observe, "Those who have the greatest stake in rebuilding Haiti, Haitians themselves, don’t now and never have had a real seat at the table." — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 12, 2010 Elderly Haitians find themselves distinctly vulnerable and emotionally burdened after January's earthquake. — NYT March 9, 2010 In the aftermath of the earthquake, Haiti faces the added challenge of the growing number of amputees and other disabled victims of the catastrophe. There is a pressing need for prostheses and a rehabilitation infrastructure before it's too late. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti Table of Contents Overview Relief Efforts Haitian Government Response Earthquakes in the Caribbean Social Conditions in Haiti Americans Accused of Child Trafficking How to Help Complete Coverage Overview Updated: Feb. 19, 2010 By THE NEW YORK TIMES A massive earthquake struck Haiti just before 5 p.m. on Jan. 12, about 10 miles southwest of Port-au-Prince, the country's capital. The quake was the worst in the region in more than 200 years. A study by the Inter-American Development Bank estimates that the cost could be between $7.2 billion to $13.2 billion, based on a death toll from 200,000 to 250,000.
Design from the love of life from Design inspiration comes from life. Designer is in fact the main use of such a space, to design a way of life, thus affecting the attitude of the user's life. Day-to-day life of the material are designed, with the accumulation of life and experience gradually increase the expression in the design of the more profound. The same is true of packaging design, as it gradually into the people's lives, has become part of people's lives. My design inspiration comes from graduation because the more willing to do love to try, it will be fun. Love the design would also redouble our love life, and is designed for the eyes we found that the United States to make our lives more appreciation. I graduated from design to bring the whole is more awareness of life, the design of the new understanding of the United States.
Market Research and Export Promotion Export Marketing Plan The marking plan is the basis on which all the overseas promotion is formulated. To devise the marketing plan involves reconciling the export strategies and objectives of the manufacturer into marketing terms.The marketing plan embraces many elements including market research project, promotion/advertising details, products involved and their quantity available, distribution arrangements and total volume/value of goods Where relevant, various costing information should be included, particularly the research and advertising budget. Overall; the plan must be realistic and should have a clear sense of purpose and direction Export Market Research Before making goods for a new overseas market, as in the home trade, it is necessary to discover first of all if the goods can be sold profitably in that market. To answer that question is one of the objects of market research. Export market research, in particular, is a study of a given market abroad to determine the needs of that market and the methods by which the products; can best be supplied. It may be carried out to determine: 1. If a new product likely to find a market. 2. Whether an established product is likely to meet with a good demand in a new market. 3.Why sales of a product have declined, either generally or in a certain area Here, in this chapter is laid on the first point: Market research is vital to success in overseas Markets To look for a suitable market an exporter must consider, for example: 1.Political and Economic Conditions Countries with different political and economic systems take different attitudes toward foreign trade business.Their policies and regulations concerning import and export，foreign exchange control，customs, duties and other tariffs will greatly affect the suitability for a new market. 2.Physical and Climatic Conditions The suitability of his products: heavy clothing is not worn in hot climates; mountaineering equipment would not be in demand in a flat country. 3. Social Conditions If there is a low standard．of living with poor wage levels, there nay be no market for television sets or cars or luxury products. It may be desirable, even necessary,for price lists and sales promotion literature to be translated into a local language,with local units of measurement 5 and of the survey questionnaire and in the interviewing process. Surveys may be very expensive, and they are time--consuming: Another key weakness is that respondents often cannot or will not give true answers. The interviewing in the survey may be done by the researcher in person, by telephone, or by mail. 1.Personal Interviews Personal interviews are more flexible than the other two types because interviews can alter the questions to fit-the situation as they see it: They are able to probe snore deeply if an answer is not satisfactory. Ordinarily, it is possible to obtain more information by personal interview .than by telephone: or mail. Also, the interview can by observation; obtain data regarding the respondents'socioeconomic status-their home ,neighborhood, and apparent standard of living. The major limitations of this method of interviewing are its relative high cost, the length of time needed to conduct the survey, and the chance of introducing ,errors during the interviewing. 2. Telephone Survey In a telephone survey, the respondent, is approached by telephone, and interview is completed at that time. Telephone surveys can usually be conducted more rapidly and at less cost than either personal or mail surveys. Tele: phone surveys are lees flexible than personal Interviews, but more flexible than mail survey. Another significant advantage is that a telephone. survey -may be timely. For instance, people may be asked whether they are watching television at the moment and; if so, the name of the program and the sponsor. One limitation of the telephone survey is that interviews must be short: Lengthy interviews cannot be conducted satisfactorily over the phone. 3.Interviewing by Mail Interviewing by mail involves mailing a questionnaire to potential respondents and having them return the completed form by mail. Mailed questionnaires ape more economical than personal interviews and are particularly useful in national surveys,Also, if the respondents remain anonymous, they are more likely to give true answers because they do not feel the need to impress the interviewer. A major problem with mail' questionnaires is the Compilation of a good mailing list, especially for a broad-scale survey. If the sample can be drawn from a limited list, such as property taxpayers in certain counties or subscribers to a magazine, the list presents no problem.Another significant limitation concerns the reliability of the questionnaire returns, Particularly when the returns are-anonymous. If the respondents have characteristics that 6 differentiate them from nonrespondents, the survey results will be invalid. Further,the questionnaire must be reasonably shorted the questions very simple; there is no to explain in a puzzling question. Ideally :Yes.'' or“No" or prechoice type of :produces the best results. Here is an example: Questionnaire for Market＿Research on Smoking A. Do you smoke cigarettes? Yes/No (If No,terminate) B How. many do you smoke a day? C. What size of cigarette do you smoke ? Mini ,Standard ,Large D. Do you smoke filter tips.? Yes/No E. Do you smoke menthol cigarettes?一Yes/No Observational Method In the observational method, the data are collected by observing some action of the respondent: No interviews are involved, although an interview may be used as a follow-up to-get additional information. For instance,if customers are observed buying beer in cans instead of bottles; they may be asked; why they prefer that one form of packaging to the other. Information may be gathered by personal or mechanical observation. In one form of personal observation the researcher poses as a customer in a store. This technique is useful in getting information about the caliber of the -sales people，or in determining what brands they push. Mechanical observation is illustrated by an electric cord stretched across a high way to count the number一of cars that pass during a certain time period The observation method has several merits. It can be highly accurate．Often it removes a11 doubt about what the customer does in: a given, situation. The consumers are unaware that they are being observed; so presumably they action theft usual fashion. The observation technique reduces interviewer bias. However, the possibility of bias is not- completely eliminated as long as people are used as :observers. Another disadvantage is that the technique is limited in its application. Observation tells what happened; but it cannot tell why. It cannot delve into motives, attitudes,or opinions. Experimental Method The experimental method of gathering primary data involves the establishment of a controlled experiment that stimulates the real market situation as much as possible. The theory is that' the small-scale experiment will furnish valuable information f tar designing a large scale marketing program. 7 The experimental method may be used in several different ways. In one instance, a firm may manufacture a few units of a product and give them to employees or consumers to try out: Probably the major application of the experimental method has been in market testing. This technique consist establishing a control market, in which all factors remain constant and one or more test markets,in which one factor is varied. A firm may be trying to determine whether to change the color of its package.In city A, the product is marketed in its traditional color. In each of cities B, C, and D, a different color is used. All other factor are kept constant. By measuring sales in the four market over a period of time;．the manufacturer, hopes to determine which color is most effective. The outstanding merit of the experimental method is it realism. It is the only one of the three methods of gathering primary data that stimulate an actual maket situation. The problem is that it is expensive.It requires long periods of careful planning and administration. Analyze the Data and Prepare a Report The final steps in market research project are to analyze the data and interpret the findings. Information gathered from market research is a guide to the invention，production and sales of the products for which there is a market. Today sophisticated electronic data processing equipment enables a researcher to tabulate and analyze masses of data quickly, and inexpensively. The end product of the investigation is the researcher's conclusion and recommendations, submitted, in written form on which the company's policy and proceedings concerning export promotion are based. Export Promotion-Advertising After deciding there are good prospects, for his goods abroad through the study of the market research investigation, the maker or the exporter will, of course; take measures to promote, exporting of the goods to that market. A most important measure in this respect is to advertise; the aid to trade that deals with the problem of giving information about the goods and 0helps to put buyers and sellers in touch with one another. By means of advertisements a supplier, tells people what goods he has for sale and emphasizes their good points in the hope that people will buy them. Advertising can, be undertaken by the company's sales or publicity department; or an advertising agcy is to be．engaged as an adviser. Purpose of Advertising 1.To Inform 8 Advertising can be used to place facts before public. An advertisement for a car may include some technical details, so that part of the advertisement is informative. Another advertisement may be .entirely informative,such as the announcement of the opening of a new shop.2 To Persuade although the advertisement for the car may give some facts, its over-all objective is to persuade people to buy the car. To do this various subtle methods may be used. The illustration, for instance; may give an exaggerated impression of the car's power The wording and the lay-out may be designed to appeal to the emotion rather than the mind: If you study some advertisement for practical products, you will find that they contain little or no technical information. One would not expect to find a .scientific analysis in an' advertisement for a cake of toilet soap, of course, but an examination of advertisement for. medicinal goods will show that the appeal is mainly to the emotions.3: To Remind Some advertisements aim merely to keep the name of :the product before the public. A newspaper advertisement may consist of only a picture of a packet of cigarettes; a bus may carry,the name of an insurance company; a poster may display a well-known advertising phrase. They say nothing but serve a useful. purpose in constantly reminding the public of, the, name of the product Advertising Media The term "media" means the forms used 'to carry advertisement. The choice of media depends upon the product and the audience the advertisement is aimed at For example, very few people are interested in coins. A coin dealer would want to appeal to that small number of people and to no one else. He would therefore advertise in a magazine which most coin enthusiasts read. The cost of advertising in newspapers large depends upon the circulation of each newspaper.If a newspaper sells a million copies, it is possible (although not probable) that a million people will read an advertisement in it. Some pages in a newspaper are more expensive to advertise in than are others, because most people will read the general news pages but only some will the pages devoted to sport, fashion, the arts; etc. Different一types of people read different newspapers, so an advertiser will use those papers whose readers are likely to be possible buyers of his products. For example, an art gallery would not advertise in a "popular" news paper because few of its readers would be likely to be visitors to art galleries. 2 Magazines The same principles about which media to use also apply to magazines. There are magazines which men read, those which women read and those which both read. Within each 9 group there is specialization, so that one magazine will be read by one "social group" and not by another. 3. Radio and Television These are the most、expensive of advertising media. A broadcast at a "peak time"will be heard or seen by millions of people: If only a tiny fraction of them respond, the huge cost twill have been justified. One reason for the success of such advertising is that it is difficult to ignore. A broadcast will be heard: or seen by everyone using a radio or television set; even if only subconsciously, it will make an impression. On the other hand, when you read a newspaper or a magazine you will not even notice most of the advertisements A radio or television advertisement must make an instant appeal. There may be only 30 seconds to get the message across; so its impacts must be immediate. 4 Outdoor Advertising This includes posters, advertisements on vans and buses and in trains. The message must be simple and short, perhaps with an immediately recognizable illustration. Selection of Customers-Credit information Once the overseas' market has been found, the next step is to look for suitable customers with whom the maker or exporter expects to establish good business relationships. Undoubtedly, he wishes to deal with those customers of high credit standing, and that is one of the chief factors to consider at the tune of setting up new business connections.The information about the credit or financial standing of an overseas trader can be obtained from various sources. They are chiefly banks, trade associations professional credit information services, and consulates abroad. Upon application for or on receipt of letters asking for the credit standing of the foreign trader in question these organizations are willing to provide, without any responsibility on their part,a credit or financial report on the trader, which is usually considered as private and confidential. The report is based on the relative references, files, and records they have kept or on the result of an investigation made accordingly. In view of the financial or credit status stated or recommended in the report alongside of other factors the maker .or manufacturer may freely consider the intended customer acceptable or not.
一般都是导师在外面接到了翻译的项目或者导师自己有翻译的素材交给学生一起去完成，在其中指导学生，慢慢培养翻译的技巧，翻译硕士的论文相对学硕而言比较简单，比如我们导师就是指定「翻译学学科发展的新方向」之类的，但是要求没有学硕那么高。
Meizhou City, secondary vocational education to accelerate the development of countermeasures With economic development and the advancement of technology, vocational education as the cultivation of social productive forces, advanced culture, communication and the creation of an important position, should play in the modernization drive more and more important role. In this paper, Meizhou City, secondary vocational education as the research object, the use of standardized research and empirical studies of combining research methods, through the presentation of the status of vocational education in Meizhou, analyze problems and the reasons put forward to speed up Meizhou vocational secondary vocational education to develop a positive reality measures and recommendations on the future of secondary vocational education in Meizhou City, there is a direct guiding significance. This paper is divided into six parts: Part I, Introduction. Account's research background, significance, an overview of relevant research, research ideas and methods. The second part, an overview of relevant concepts and theories. Of vocational education and secondary vocational education as a scientific definition, introducing the market economy theory and the theory and the relationship between vocational education, human resource development theory and related theories of vocational education and their interaction. Part III, Meizhou City, the existence of secondary vocational education, and cause analysis. Of Meizhou City, the status of secondary vocational education, the achievements in recent years, there are problems described. Emphasis on the Meizhou City, the development of secondary vocational education in the cause of problems in-depth analysis. The fourth part, to speed up the development of Meizhou City, the need for secondary vocational education and opportunities. By analyzing the external environment and internal needs, instructions to speed up the development of secondary vocational education in Meizhou practical feasibility. Part V, to accelerate the development of secondary vocational education Meizhou response. Secondary vocational education for the Meizhou City, the current situation and existing problems, to speed up the development of secondary vocational education in Meizhou City, viable policy recommendations. Part VI Conclusions and prospects. This paper describes research findings and research remaining problems.
题目是论文内容的高度概括，它对读者具有影响力，可使读者首先明确论文研究的主题。下面我给大家带来翻译方向论文题目选题参考2022，希望能帮助到大家!
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翻译硕士论文题目选题参考
1、《中国古代 足球 》古汉语专名与古诗词的英译处理
2、英文合同汉译中规范性的实现策略
3、以目 标语 读者为导向的 广告 翻译策略研究
4、盐城旅游文本中特色词汇的翻译问题
5、从接受美学视角探究文学作品中模糊语言翻译
6、法律文献中专业术语英译的探讨
7、扬州旅游文本里 文化 因素的翻译
8、网络辅助下英语缩略语的翻译策略研究
9、有道词典在翻译中的应用
10、 英语 散文 120篇汉译项目 报告
11、徐州景点 导游词 翻译中文化负载词的处理
12、徐州特产食品 说明书 汉英翻译研究
13、从文本功能的角度探究报刊时政新闻的汉译
14、英语长句的英译汉翻译策略实证研究---以<基于语料库的英语教学>为例
15、《物华名胜》中复合式翻译 方法 的运用
16、《苏斯 儿童 绘本汉译过程中儿童语言的处理》
17、目的论指导下企业介绍的英译研究
18、新闻发布会口译项目报告
19、目的论视角下看中国高校宣传片的字幕翻译策略
20、《杨澜访谈录》同声传译项目报告
21、VOA经济报道口译过程中顺句驱动法运用的实践报告
22、预测在英语 财经 新闻口译活动中运用的实践报告
23、中国饮食文化词的口译技巧—《舌尖上的中国》口译实践报告
24、影响英汉交替传译中笔记有效信息筛选障碍的项目报告——以VOA时事新闻口译实践为例
25、视译停顿形成因素及解决方法报告
26、外事口译中译者主体性的把握
27、学生译员汉英交传训练中停顿现象研究
28、商务合同英汉互译技巧
29、英文品牌汉译
30、知识对于翻译的重要性
31、中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响
32、英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译
33、<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析
34、从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿
35、关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏
36、跨文化交际与商标翻译
37、中式菜肴的命名与翻译
38、浅谈英语电影片名的翻译
39、英文电影片名的翻译策略
40、英文化妆品广告之美学翻译
41、数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探
42、浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性
43、英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究
44、论语境在英汉翻译中的作用
45、浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则
46、中英服饰广告的翻译
47、论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性
48、论译者的风格与译风
49、经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译
50、从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
51、翻译中的文化因素
52、影视字幕翻译的原则
53、影响长句翻译的因素
54、例析英译汉中形象语言的处理
英语专业 毕业 论文翻译方向题目
1、 图里规范理论视角下的《四洲志》翻译研究
2、 翻译伦理视域下杨曙辉和杨韵琴《喻世明言》英译本研究
3、 《围城》英译研究
4、 余华小说《兄弟》中的文化专有词英译研究
5、 汉语形容词重叠式及其基式英译对比研究
6、 英汉交流虚构运动事件中路径和方式表征的对比研究
7、 汉语情态动词“能”字结构的翻译
8、 英汉运动事件表征方式对比研究
9、 顺应论视角下视觉动词的汉英互译研究
10、 语用顺应论视阈下汉语听觉动词的英译研究
11、 基于交往能力理论的翻译主体间性实证研究
12、 目的论视角下的电气英语翻译
13、 从符号视角看翻译中视觉非语言符号的信息处理
14、 功能对等理论视角下政府公文英译策略研究
15、 女性主义视角下影视字幕翻译策略研究
16、 操纵论视角下政治文本的汉英翻译研究
17、 从功能对等原则看中国上古神话中神话意象的翻译
18、 从德国功能派翻译理论视角分析领导人演讲口译
19、 文化翻译理论指导下《黄帝内经》英译策略研究
20、 四字格中医术语动词的英译对比研究
21、 《红楼梦》服饰文化翻译研究探析
22、 英文传记汉译实践报告
23、 生态翻译视角下：《尘埃落定》英译本的研究
24、 奈达的功能对等理论在Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets两个译本中的体现
25、 描写性翻译理论框架下《西敏寺》译文的风格分析
26、 目的论视角下张爱玲《金锁记》自译本的比较研究
27、 从功能理论视角看戴译本《边城》中文化负载词的翻译策略与方法
28、 英译诗歌韵律的定量对比分析
29、 功能对等理论视角下鲁迅小说《药》《孔乙己》《风波》两个英译本的对比研究
30、 奈达功能对等视角下对《瓦尔登湖》两个中译本的对比研究
31、 语义翻译/交际翻译视角下文化特色语的翻译
32、 从关联理论看《了不起的盖茨比》的两个汉译本
33、 目的论视角下的《三体》英译研究
34、 性别与翻译：从女性主义翻译观对比分析《飘》的两译本
35、 目的论指导下的《舌尖上的中国》菜名英译策略
36、 功能对等理论视角下的美国情景喜剧字幕翻译
37、 功能对等理论视阈下的商标翻译研究
翻译理论与实践论文题目
1、德国功能翻译理论的宏观性及其对教学的启示
2、翻译美学的文化考量
3、解构视角下翻译中的二元对立分析
4、传教士翻译与晚清文化社会现代性
5、跨文化传播视域下的翻译功能研究
6、英语专业本科翻译教学主体交往体系建构研究
7、许渊冲唐诗英译研究
8、论英汉翻译写作学的建构
9、 文章 学视野下的林译研究
10、口译研究的生态学途径
11、郭建中翻译思想与实践研究
12、跨文化语用学视角下的外宣翻译策略研究
13、文学文本中的视觉翻译
14、外宣翻译研究体系建构探索
15、异化翻译思想探究
16、翻译的修辞学研究
17、新月派文学观念研究
18、文章学视野下的林纾翻译研究
19、翻译批评原则的诠释学研究
20、蒯因的翻译不确定性及其对英汉互译的启示
21、近代中国 留学 生 教育 翻泽研究(1895~1937)
22、叙事学视域下的外宣翻译研究
23、修辞劝说视角下的外宣翻译研究
24、中国传统翻译理论观照下的林少华文学翻译研究
25、易学“象”视角下的译学研究
26、对比语言学元语言系统的演变研究
27、俄语本科翻译教材研究
28、情境翻译与翻译情境
29、西班牙语委婉语的多元翻译
30、从《哥儿》林译本的 句子 结构调整看奈达功能对等翻译理论
31、功能对等理论与信达雅翻译论的比较研究
32、《翻译理论与实践》(第二章)翻译报告
33、从中国文化语境视角出发解读西方女性主义翻译
34、证券翻译理论与实践
35、叶维廉汉诗英译研究
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英汉翻译过程包括理解和表达两个重要的阶段，只有在正确理解原文词义的基础上,才能正确地表达原文。下文是我为大家整理的关于英汉翻译论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
探析英汉翻译陷阱
【摘 要】英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，常常是句子或词语的表层结构与其要表达的真实含义相反。为了避免落入英语陷阱，学习者对英语的某些词句、语义应克服表面化的理解，也不能简单照搬辞典上的释义，更不能望文生义;对中西文化差异也必须有深刻的了解。只要对英语陷阱多注意、多分析、多体会，便可避免误入一些似是而非的“陷阱”。
【关键词】英汉翻译;陷阱;表层结构;深层含义
英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，对学习者来说的确是一个必须要注意的问题。在英汉翻译中，初学者往往从语法角度对英汉两种语言做机械对比，有时还下意识地将词典释义不加斟酌，拿来就用。在审查译文表达是否准确时，又习惯于将自己的母语思维定势用作衡量正误的标准。这些做法实际上都很容易造成释义与原文真实含义的脱节，甚至南辕北辙，落入英语“陷阱”。
一、短语翻译中的陷阱
例子如下：
1、confidence man
误译：值得信赖的人
正译：
2、sleep late
误译：睡觉很晚
正译：起床很晚
3、black tea
误译：黑茶
正译：红茶
4、gas mask
误译：赌气面具
正译：防毒面具
5、mad-doctor
误译：发疯的医生
正译：精神病医师
6、lightning rod
误译：闪电针
正译：避雷针
7、trouble man
误译：制造麻烦的人
正译：故障检修员
8、be in control
误译：被控制
正译：掌控……，控制……
9、flu mask
误译：流感口罩
正译：卫生器具
10、fire engine
误译：点火机器
正译：救火车、消防车
11、fire wall
误译：着火的墙
正译：防火墙
对这些短语均须准确理解，否则便会落入陷阱之中。
二、习语翻译中的陷阱
在翻译英语习语时，初学者有时总想找一个汉语的习语或成语，使之与英语习语相对应。虽然这种对应在某种程度上可以做到，但却不一定在所有情况下都能成功。英语陷阱的特点就是其表层意思和深层含义常常貌合神离，甚至南辕北辙，若抛开语言文化差异而不顾，盲目追求“形似”，就难免会落入英语陷阱。如：
1、Gild(或Paint)the lily
该习语似乎与“锦上添花”意思相近，但实际上却相差甚远。在汉语中，“锦上添花”比喻使美好的事物更加美好，而这个习语的意思是指对已经很完美的东西做不恰当甚至过分的修饰，结果是破坏了原来的美。这有点近似于汉语的“画蛇添足”。
2、Strange bedfellows
这个习语不等于“同床异梦”。“Strange bedfellows”指走到一起的不同类型的人，萍水相逢的人;或有些人性格、兴趣、习惯等都不相同，本来不会碰到一起，而现在却成了伙伴。“同床异梦”指的是虽然共同生活或共同从事某项活动，但各有各的打算，面和心不合。可见“strange bedfellows”和“同床异梦”所指很不一样。
3、Turn the table
这个习语很容易被误译为“把桌子掀翻”，而且好像还带有气愤至极的味道。其实，这种理解是不对的，“turn the table”在含义上并不带有这种激动的成分。譬如，一对夫妻吵架、闹离婚，经过调解之后，终于化干戈为玉帛。丈夫的一位美国朋友打来电话，询问情况，当知道是这么一种结果时，便说:“Oh，thank God!You turned the table.”这位男士听后很不理解：朋友是不是以为自己对妻子动粗了?其实，这个习语的意思和掀翻桌子一点关系也没有，也不带有什么负面的感情色彩，它的意思是“扭转了局面”。
4、The last straw
如：The service in this shop has been bad before，but this is the last straw.
误译：这家商店的服务一向不好，这可是救命稻草。
学习者对这句英文容易误译的原因就是在阅读时容易忽略中西方文化因素，望文生义。因为在我们的文化中，很容易把“the last straw”和“最后一根稻草(救命稻草)”联系起来。可是在英语中，“the last straw”指的是“the last in a series of bad events，etc.that makes it impossible for somebody to accept a situation any longer(令人忍无可忍之事;终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事或一个因素等)”。该习语源于谚语“It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back”。(最后添加的一根稻草压断骆驼脊背。)可见，它的指称意义与汉语的“救命稻草”大相径庭。所以，“The service in this shop has been bad before，but this is the last straw.”应该译为：这家商店的服务一向不好，这一次更是叫人受不了。
三、句型翻译中的陷阱
释义与原义南辕北辙，这种现象在某些英语句型和特殊结构的翻译中也很常见。当然，之所以出现“南辕北辙”的现象，归根到底还是由于没有掌握英语陷阱的规律。由于英语中一些固定结构的深层含义与表层含义相反，所以，若仅仅按照句子的表层结构进行翻译，那就很容易会落入英语陷阱之中。
1、For all 结构
如：For all I care，you can throw it away.
误译：你把它丢了，我很在乎。
正译：你把它丢了，我也不在乎。
2、It + be + adj.+ n.+ that 结构
著名翻译家钱歌川教授认为像这一类的句型应从反面理解，以适应英语语言的独特意境。
如：It is a good workman that never blunders.
误译：一个好的技工从来不会犯错。
正译：智者千虑，必有一失。
It is a wise father that knows his own child.
误译：聪明的爸爸会了解自己的孩子。
正译：聪明的爸爸也未必了解自己的孩子。
3、being + a.
如：They are being friendly.
误译：他们现在很友好。
正译：他们装出一副友好的样子。
“being friendly”之所以是“装出一副友好的样子(或姿态)”，是因为从深层结构看，“being”表示的意思是“目前”或“现在”，其含义短暂。它说明这是主语有意识的一个动作，因而在这类句子里面就隐含着一个意思：他们平时并不这么友善，现在是故意作秀。在这个句型里，“being”的含义相当于“故意地”。
4、形式否定，实为肯定
(1)….cannot…….too
如：You cannot be too careful when driving.
误译：你开车的时候不能太小心了。
正译：你开车的时候越小心越好。
此结构在形式上是否定的，但意义却是肯定的。表示一个人“无论怎么…..也不过分”，“越……越好”。
(2)……never……but……
如：I never go to that city but I want to eat the characteristic food there.
误译：我从来不去那个城市，但是我想吃那里的特色食品。
正译：我每次去那个城市都要吃那里的特色食品。
在“……never……but……”这个结构中，never和but是用来加强语气的，实表肯定的意思，可译为“每次……都/必……”。
(3)……nothing if not……
如：The book is nothing if not interesting.
误译：这本书没有什么意思。
正译：这本书相当有意思。
在这里，“nothing if not”是一个双重否定，实际上它是一个强调肯定意义的结构。“nothing if not”相当于“extremely”、“very”，意思是“极其……”，“非常……”。
5、形式肯定，实为否定
(1)……the last…… + 不定式短语/定语从句
如：This is the last thing I expect him to do.
误译：这是我希望他做的最后一件事。
正译：这是我最不希望他做的事。
在这个句型中，“last”应理解为“最不可能的”。
(2)……anything but……
如：This math text is anything but easy.
误译：这次数学考试很容易。
正译：这次数学考试一点也不容易。
“……anything but……”应理解为never，意思是“决不”。
6、貌似全部否定，实为部分否定
如：All of the students did not turn up.
误译：所有的学生都没有出席。
正译：并非所有的学生都出席了。
Both of us are not teachers.
误译：我们俩都不是教师。
正译：我们俩并不都是教师。
英语中，当all，both，every，each等表示整体意义的代词与否定词not连用时，一般只表示部分否定，而不是全部否定。
7、否定转移
如：He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.
误译：他不会相信此事，因为亚里士多德这样说过。
正译：他并不会因为亚里士多德说过如何如何就轻信此事。
否定转移结构往往貌似一般否定结构，not的位置与一般否定结构中的not完全相同，但实际上却是一种部分否定，not由一部分转移到了另一部分。
英汉翻译中稍不留意就会出现意思南辕北辙的现象还有很多，例子不胜枚举，限于篇幅，这里不再赘述。
四、如何避免落入陷阱
从上面所举的这些例子不难看出，英语陷阱的表现形式多种多样，学习者可谓一不留神就会落入陷阱。如何避免这种情况的发生呢?
首先，学习者对英语的词句、语义应努力克服机械理解，不能简单照搬辞典上的释义，更不能想当然。在翻译时，望文生义是最要不得的。
第二，学习者对中西文化差异必须要有深刻的了解。
语言是文化的载体，是折射不同民族文化的一面镜子。有时，英汉翻译之所以会掉入陷阱，一个很重要的原因就是学习者忽视对中西文化差异的学习和掌握，这种忽视势必会使学习者误入歧途，掉入文化的“陷阱”。只有在文化中去探寻词语或某些特殊表达方式的真实内涵，才会有效地避免翻译中的“南辕北辙”;只有了解不同国度的文化差异，在英汉翻译过程中才不会落入陷阱。正如王佐良先生所指出的：“在寻找与原文相对的‘对等词’的过程中，就要做一番比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等各个方面都相当。这当中，陷阱是不少的，如果我们望文生义就会出毛病……译者做的文化比较远比一般人细致、深入。他处理的是个别的词;他面对的则是两大片文化。”由此可见，学习者对中西文化的了解何其重要。
第三，对英语陷阱的规律要多注意、多分析、多体会。
英译汉有时可以做到形式结构上的对等，但并不是每个英文习语、短语都能在汉语中找到意义对等且形式结构也相当的习语或惯用法。在这种情况下，译者可采用音译加注、意译、增译等其他技巧来表达某些英语特殊结构或词语的真正含义，这样才能避免误入一些似是而非的“盲区”或“陷阱”。
参考文献：
[1]孙海运.英语成语来龙去脉[M].中国对外翻译出版社,1989.
[2]鲁迅.准风月谈[M].人民文学出版社,2006.
[3]A.S.Hornby.牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第七版)[M].牛津大学出版社,2010.
[4]董乐山.英译汉理论与实例[M].北京出版社,2005.
[5]王佐良.翻译中的文化比较[J].中国翻译,1984(01).
英汉翻译的词序差异
摘要：本文主要研究英汉翻译中经常出现但又不被重视的词序问题。通过以词序中的副词、形容词为研究对象来体现在英汉翻译中词序使用正确的价值与意义，从而促进英汉翻译技能的成熟与完整。
关键词：词序渊源;副词词序;形容词词序
在平时的练习中我们不难发现英译汉的过程中词序的一些变化，这种差异值得学习的人研究和琢磨。因此，在英汉翻译中应首先了解这种差异中的一种，即词序的变化对翻译者而言是有价值的。价值何在?通过以下的比较研究，让我们来认识这一点，并且让这一点服务于翻译。
一、练习
妇女要求同工同酬。他们终于找到了一个能应付这种局面的人。译者的对应结构式：“Woman demands equal pay for equal work.”这句话没有问题。但对第二句话的词序就犯了愁，怎么写呢?“They finally found a man equal to the occasion.Finally they found an equal man to the occasion.”前一句的翻译正好是在说汉语原句的意思，这句是对的，而后一句会产生歧义。看的人会认为意思是：他们终于找了一个公平公正的人去应付这种局面。这些经常出现的问题体现了译者的基础薄弱。对词序的不甚了解而导致了问题的出现。这种问题在翻译中会带来一些不必要的甚至是负面的影响，好在初学者大多是在练习中而已。试想，对于一个翻译工作者来讲，掌握且精通词序是有意义的。
这便给我们提了个醒。要怎样才能掌握好副词在句中的词序呢?“diligently”，“characteristically”等置于动词之前时，仅修饰动词本身。而置于句末时，其修饰对象及句意均有变化。对比以下句子可以看出这种特点。The people in the U.S.always show their capacity on settling the diligently complex problems，for instance，the colleague state.Diligently，Lillian showed Parent Zhang all around Beijing City，who comes from Shanghai.
二、给出的例句
The kitty nearly touched the back of herself as she would be the greatest painter around Town Sony.翻译成：这可爱的猫咪一伸手就能摸到自己个儿的背，看起来像是索尼镇上最了不起的画家。这显示猫咪并不真的是画家，只是有一种能显示出猫咪妖娆的色彩，让人觉得她是灵活的、聪明可爱的。我们也能感受到，似我们在其他情绪中如“蕴酿”一般，没有体现一个什么过程，只是有一种“身临其境”的感受，没多想就写出来了。
从以上的比较中我们可以看出这两句中的副词“nearly”与“too”是相反的。置于不同的词之前，会产生不同的句意。而“too”只是强调所紧跟的词，无论该词是人称代词还是地点名词。如：I，too，brushed the yellow shoes.Too 此处强调主语I。而My grandpa and I brushed the yellow shoes，too.该处仔细读来是在强调“爷爷也刷了他的黄色的鞋子”这件事情。
因为副词在语法上的功能是做状语使用，所修饰的是一个完整的句子，或是某个形容词，使语言本身更富色彩。在词序的学习研究中，副词的研究很具代表性。
下面我们来研究一下形容词在词序上的位置给句子带来的变化。例句：Young Chairman Mao，proper pioneer of the Chinese Communist Party(which put him involved into the liberation of whole China)had gained the support from the bosom friends as in his student year.(作为身兼解放全中国伟大事业及带领中国共产党的合适的领袖，年轻的毛主席以自己学生时代的志同道合者们作为开展工作的基石。)They failed to trust the matter to a responsible man.(他们未能将此事委托给一个负责任的人.)The man responsible was at last punished.(应负责任的当事人最终受到了处罚。)三个形容词proper，bosom，responsible在两组句子里不同的位置可以看出形容词作前置定语与后置定语所产生的在汉语上的效果。“合适的领袖、志同道合的朋友、一个负责任的人、应负责任的人”，这些理解把形容词带给语言的修饰功能已经带出来了。让语言本身拥有多变的外貌，统一的思想，即：实现语言所表达的色彩。
三、除了以动词、副词和形容词的例句来研究词序外，还涉及到的内容
这些包括连贯(Coherence)、强调(Emphasis)、悬念(Suspense)，分别来了解一下。
In the inn the Kuomintang set for the so-called Hot Red liberators，Yuan Juemin kneed on the cold floor.It looked like that he would say no other words from now on.But a slim light put on his white and skinny face as a shower that made him feel so nice.He smiled then，no other words，just smile.The smile that also covered the roommates from the front corner to the back corner.The roommates also said no other words then.They knew clearly what waited before them.
如果翻译只达到“信”，这让人觉得这橡皮筋被拉扯得太过费劲，且那么不自然，让业内人士一看就觉得动力火候欠缺，不够专业。那要如何处理呢?我们不妨来剖析剖析这个句子。主人翁是袁觉民，一个被国民党当成赤色分子关在监狱里的革命人。当我们看到因为长久没见到阳光，而现在哪怕见到从窗户里挤进来的一丝阳光就满足得心甘情愿接受折磨也不透漏出卖同志的一个字。他跪在冰冷的地上时，我们按一般的思维会产生一个悬念：接下来他要哭还是难受还是怎样。待全句读完，这个悬念才待释。原来他不难受不伤心，而是很满足，很知道从这一刻起生命、人生对他来讲的意义是什么。一个大转折，让读者读完也产生一种“生的伟大，死的光荣”的豪情壮志。一瞬间那种所谓的民族豪情便油然而生。而且全句都是连贯且有强调的，强调袁觉民的表现。译句中体现出悬念再加上深具节奏，读来抑扬顿挫，语句丰润有泽，所以佳句便呈现出来了。
四、我们来检验检验词序在翻译上的作用与之服务的意义
The young sisters told their teacher all their troubles.The young sisters told all their troubles to their teacher.从前译者认为这两句话所说的是一个意思，译作同一个句子便可。便直接译为：这对姐妹把他们的烦恼全都告诉了他们的老师。这样看似是对的。但严格的放到词序这个问题上来分析，前一句的信息核心是all their troubles——告诉了老师什么?后一句的信息核心是to their teacher——告诉谁?因此，该译文只适合后一句，而前一句当译成：这对姐妹对老师讲了他们所有的烦恼。
仅以本文的陈述、论述和例证来让译文在对待英汉翻译上从大局出发，从小节着手，如词序问题，从而译出叫人拍手称好、张嘴叫绝的文字，从理论上更上一个研究的新台阶。从实践中印证英汉翻译的细节讲究，为英汉翻译积累更多更好的原始佐证材料，促使译文的发展和完整。
参考文献：
[1]郑立信，王菊泉.英汉语言文化对比研究[M].北京：上海外语教育出版社，2004.
[2]从莱庭，徐鲁亚.西方修辞学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007.
当英语论文，或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后，在提交给相关读者阅读之前，必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下
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英语专业翻译方向毕业论文选题参考：地方名胜古迹汉译英探析语境在翻译中的作用商标的翻译广告语言的翻译论英汉互译中的语义等值问题中西文化差异与不可译性英汉谚语的理解和翻译浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译英语意义否定表现法及其汉译浅谈新闻标题的翻译伟大的翻译家严复英语长句汉译简评《简•爱》的几种汉译本英语专业本科论文所涉及的专业方向 （一）英语语言习得理论研究 该方向着重研究英语语言学及语言习得的相关理论与实践，可着重讨论某一种语言现象产生的原因及具体表现或某一语言理论在实际生活、教学中的运用。学生可以进行：1．英语修辞研究；2．文体研究；3．英汉比较研究；4．各类语体研究；5．语法研究；6．词汇研究等。 （二）教学理论与教学法该方向主要研究英语教学的理论与实践以及相关的教学指导原则和具体的方法，选题应着重探讨英语教学的方法，可具体到某一课程的教学理念、策略和方法的应用及效度，现代教育技术在英语教学中的应用与探索。学生可以进行：1．英语学习策略研究；2．英语学习焦虑研究；3．英语测试研究；4．英语教学法研究；5．英语教学策略研究；6．计算机辅助英语教学研究等。 （三）商务英语文本研究该方向着重研究商务英语文本文体，语言特点及相关的翻译实践问题。学生可以进行：1．商务英语语言特征研究；2．商务英语文体研究；3．商务英语翻译理论研究；4．商务英语翻译时间探讨；5．商务英语翻译标准探讨等。 （四）翻译理论与实践该方向着重研究英汉互译过程中的口、笔译理论、翻译标准、原则、方法及技巧。论文选题可选择评论赏析某一翻译家或某一本（篇）著名的译作，或论述某一种翻译理论的技巧在实践中的运用，也可讨论某一翻译现象中所反映的文化内涵。学生可以进行：1．翻译理论研究；2．翻译家研究；3．翻译史研究；4．文学翻译研究；5．非文学翻译研究；6．翻译过程研究；7．翻译批评研究；8．翻译的接受与影响研究；9．翻译教学研究；10．翻译标准研究；11．典籍翻译研究等。 （五）英美人文与历史研究 该方向主要研究英美国家的社会、文化、人文、历史各个方面的具体内容，既可宏观也可微观地研究或比较英美国家的某一历史阶段的社会问题或文化现象或评论某一历史事件或历史人物，或跨文化交际方面的相关内容。学生可以进行：1．英美社会制度、社会问题研究；2．英美历史问题、历史人物研究；3．英美文化现象研究；4．西方宗教研究；5．西方影视作品研究；6．跨文化交际研究等。 （六）英美文学研究该方向主要研究英美文学史及各时期的文学流派，作家，作品的文体与写作风格。论文可选择做某一文学理论或作家作品的分析、评论，比较中西文学作品或作家，分析作品中的主题或人物角色。学生可以进行：1．文学流派研究；2．作家研究；3．作品评论或分析；4．文学批评理论研究；5．中西文学作品的比较研究等。
翻译论文正在逐渐成为评判一个国家科研水平和科技成果的重要指标。在英语为主流语言的社会环境下，为了使国内的学术论文更好地走向国际化的道路，优质的论文翻译就显得尤为重要了。
十万字看起来好像很庞大的数字，其实没有特别多。专业翻译人员，每天翻译量约6000-10000字。比较快的翻译员基本一个月可以搞定。2年完成平均每个月你要完成4166字。相对说很宽松了。至于素材，中文，你随便找一些近期的报纸翻译就可以了。英译中的，登陆一些外文媒体网站也可以找到。既然您是学这个翻译硕士的，那就要实实在在的去翻译吧。如到其他地方复制有中英对照的资料交作业，就不好了。
引用外国文献也是学习的另一种途径呀，不过尽量不要抄袭，或者是找清北医学翻译降重一下。
我告诉你一个网站，我的英语毕业论文的英文原版的书就是在这上面找的， 你还可以根据你论文里面的英语关键字在书里面 搜索，当然你要知道那本外文书的书名啦
不大明白你的意思。说的是参考文献吗？外文资料一般都会注明参考文献的来源，可以顺着其标注的来源找
一般来说外文资料的原文就是外文而不是中文，也正因为原文是英文，每个人翻译出来的都不一样，因此不用担心与他人重复。除非专业的翻译愿意花时间和精力去一个词一个词的翻。由于毕业论文有一定的专业知识，所以让单纯的英语专业的翻译不太愿意去触碰，而本专业的研究者有能直接读得懂中文，因而难找到所谓的翻译原文。经验拓展：（就本科及本科以下）毕业论文开题时，导师给出翻译外文文献的任务，一般来说导师是看得懂这些外文翻译的，比较好的导数或许会帮你翻译出来，大多是让你自己翻译，其目的是为了锻炼你英语翻译能力，查阅资料的能力，提高对论文的了解程度，知道一些基本的专业词的前提下，用百度或者谷歌翻译工具，基本可以大体翻译出来，整理通顺也就过关了，不会有人深究你翻译的到底怎么样。
呵呵 你自个儿翻译呗