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英语文学论文摘要150字模板

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英语文学论文摘要150字模板

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Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < ),Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture), aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999),the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b),andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008),to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English),FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus), the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

英美文学是英国人民和美国人民长期以来创造性地使用英语语言的产物,是对时代生活的审美表现。下文是我为大家整理的关于英美文学类论文 范文 的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考! 英美文学类论文范文篇1 从英美经典电影分析英美文学女性形象 [摘要]很多英美经典电影,都是以英美文学为蓝本进行改编的。将文字转换为银幕上的画面,这样的变化,更有利于观众对原作中角色的定位。女性角色,是文学作品中不可或缺的元素,是文学话题制造的永恒话题。在诸多英美文学作品中,女性角色随着时代的变迁、社会背景的变化,也变换着不同的色彩。本文以一些经典的英美电影,对比那些英美文学作品中的女性形象进行了分析,包括对爱情的执著、自我价值的追求、悲剧色彩和独立自主的方面。 [关键词]英美电影;英美文学;女性形象 一、引 言 女性角色,是文学作品中不可或缺的元素,是文学话题制造的永恒话题。在诸多英美文学作品中,女性角色随着时代的变迁、社会背景的变化,也变换着不同的色彩。从莎士比亚时期开始,直到19世纪末20世纪初,以英国、法国、美国等作家的文学作品为例,英美文学作品中的女性角色,开始展现出不一样的活跃程度,特别是随着电影产业的兴起,将文学作品改编为电影,更加有利于对原作中女性形象的深刻展示。在这一点上,以好莱坞电影为代表的英美电影,以更加丰富的形式,诠释了电影视角下的女性角色新特点,其中对于女性主义的形象表现极为突出。 二、女性对于爱情的执著 爱情,是英美文学作品中一直延续的格调。无论是辉煌的史诗巨制,还是社会小人物的刻画写实,其中都有着爱情的主题。在爱情面前,电影,或者说原作中的这些女性角色们,敢于为了爱情反抗传统,反抗那些看似坚不可摧的世俗。改编自美国作家罗伯特的小说《廊桥遗梦》的电影中,弗朗西斯卡与罗伯特之间的爱情,突破了家庭与婚姻的禁制,两人的爱情在当时是一种被唾弃的行为,是对婚姻的背叛,对伦理道德的挑战。 在电影中,弗朗西斯卡在意大利长大,嫁人后随丈夫来到了美国。源于意大利的浪漫,弗朗西斯卡在美国乡村的生活无聊至极,在她与罗伯特的爱情中,尽情洋溢着自身的浪漫风情,这是冲破了世俗枷锁的爱情。弗朗西斯卡的爱情让观众落泪,是因为她没有因为爱而放弃自己的家庭,她仍旧记得自己身为母亲的责任,但却为了爱希望自己死后能与罗伯特在一起。 在原著中,弗朗西斯卡这一角色,对其爱情的描写文字较多,而在电影中,人们通过女演员眉宇间的那抹思念,很直接地理解了她对罗伯特执著的爱以及对家的责任感。爱情与女性之间,似乎是文学作品中必然保留的桥段,以英美文学作品改编而成的英美电影中,爱情的主旋律,不仅是对这些文学作品的一种致敬,更符合潮流下的电影要求。 又如在《简?爱》中,简?爱对罗切斯特的爱,是一种纯粹的爱,而无其他杂糅的情感。当简?爱拒绝了圣?约翰的求婚,虽然罗切斯特的豪宅已经被他那个疯子般的妻子烧毁,虽然罗切斯特因此而失明,但是简?爱按照心中对于爱的执著,认为这样的罗切斯特仍旧是自己的最爱。简?爱因为自己的爱而成为罗切斯特的天使,罗切斯特的余生因为简?爱而精彩。 在电影《傲慢与偏见》中,在尊重英国女性作家奥斯汀原著的基础上,小说中的人物伊丽莎白与达西之间的爱情,一直被人们所谈论。伊丽莎白的爱情观中,没有金钱财富,没有地位差距,有的是彼此之间的了解,是两人之间的彼此相爱。通过电影中,达西的傲慢与伊丽莎白的渴望平等,不难让观众理解原著中的那个对爱情很执著的伊丽莎白。虽然爱着达西,但是伊丽莎白的爱是建立在平等的基础上的,不需要无聊的高姿态和耍酷态度。 伊丽莎白这样的爱情观,也正是原著作者奥斯汀的爱情观。我们在看这些英美电影时,对于银幕中的女性形象有着更加直观的理解,而爱情这种在银幕上独特表现的情感,更容易让我们通过电影了解原著中女性的爱情世界,那是一个执著的感情观。 但是这样的爱情在英美文学作品中,很难有一个完美的结局,女性的爱情执著观,带来的往往是爱情悲剧。在电影《茶花女》中,玛格丽特对于爱情也是固执的,哪怕被自己的爱人阿尔芒误会,她仍旧默默地承担着因为爱情而带来的伤害。不管爱情的结果怎样,对于爱情,这些女性仍旧是那么执著与肯定。 三、追求自我价值的女权主义 在众多的英美电影中,都很好地再现了原著中反抗男权的思想,即强烈的女权主义。英美文学作品中的女权主义是女性主义最为显著的表现点。目前,改编的英美电影中,多以20世纪初期的英美文学作品作为蓝本,而这些文学作品中,开始阐述女权主义,反对男权。这种现象并不是这一时期文学作品所独有的。在当时的社会背景下,有很多的女性实际上开始走出家门,进入了竞争激烈的社会中。而这些女性正是反抗男权的代表,她们的身上少了些浪漫的气息,但是却多了一些职业性的元素。她们更加关注社会、政治等话题,这些女性角色,追求的是自我价值和社会价值,很多的英美电影中都有所体现。 例如,在美国女作家米切尔的小说《飘》中,女性角色斯嘉丽就是这样的一个女子。而在以《飘》改编的电影《乱世佳人》中,观众对于那个富家大小姐斯嘉丽印象深刻。影片以南北战争为背景,战争夺取了斯嘉丽家庭的一切,而斯嘉丽在重重困难中,从一个对国家大事漠不关心的大小姐,成长为一个智慧的现代女性。 斯嘉丽这个女性形象在原著中,属于写实人物,米切尔对于这个人物没有泾渭分明的描述,而是做了真实的叙述。在电影中,这种感觉更加直观一些,斯嘉丽似乎是一个追求自我价值的女性。所以,很多的英美文学作品中,女性不再是一个独立于外的弱势群体,导演与作者都在强调女性角色的社会地位和社会价值,她们有着自我价值。在电影《名利场》中,那个为了跻身上层社会的蓓基,按照现代的评判观点来看,用“女强人”来形容蓓基更加合适。 她为了能够过上更好的生活,不惜卖弄自己的学识、自己的歌声,甚至自己的肉体,蓓基一直在展示着自己的价值所在。无论是勾引好友艾米利亚的哥哥乔斯,还是对克劳莱家族继承人的罗登,蓓基都成功地将自己的价值融入计谋当中。 这些女性形象,在追求自我价值的同时,也是对男权的一种反抗,女权思想在电影或小说中都毫无掩饰。在电影《茶花女》中,玛格丽特本是巴黎的一个名妓,但是她爱上了阿尔芒,并与之在乡下同居。 阿尔芒的父亲认为是玛格丽特葬送了儿子的前程,胁迫玛格丽特移情别恋,而阿尔芒信以为真,愤怒下当众羞辱玛格丽特。玛格丽特终因病而亡,而阿尔芒事后知道了缘由后,悔恨不已。玛格丽特的死,是爱情悲剧的表现,更是对男权世界一种无声的反抗。同样地,在电影《傲慢与偏见》中,伊丽莎白与达西的爱情,一开始,伊丽莎白因为达西的高傲而没有接受他的表白。 我们通过电影,再去原著中寻找伊丽莎白与达西的爱情,会发现奥斯汀花费了大量的笔墨,来描写伊丽莎白与达西那奇妙的爱情。直到达西改掉了自己的“臭毛病”,伊丽莎白才真正地接受了达西。伊丽莎白虽然爱着达西,但是对于达西的那种大男子主义很厌恶,她故意地对达西冷漠,也正是对男权的一种反抗。在哈代的《无名的裘德》改编成电影后,苏的“新女性”形象更加凸显,她敢于追求自我的价值而反抗学校的规定,敢于直面对裘德的爱。 四、悲剧色彩浓重的女性形象 以英美文学作品改编的英美电影中,很多女性形象都是悲剧性的。这些女性形象虽不至于占据英美文学作品的大半,但是在我们观看的很多英美电影中,这样的悲剧色彩,似乎更受到导演和编剧的欢迎,也更能够引起观众的情感共鸣。从电影中,我们可以看出这些充满悲剧色彩的女性,更多是与作品创作背景下的大多数女性有着明显的思想和行为区别。正是因为这些女性角色“前卫”的行为,造成了她们悲剧的产生。这些悲剧多体现在女性的爱情上,还有社会阶级的残酷压榨上。 例如,在雨果的《悲惨世界》中,芳汀这个角色,被赶出了工厂,死在了医院里。她本有一个美好的爱情,但是却被情人抛弃,独自带着女儿珂赛特。在改编的音乐剧《悲惨世界》中,芳汀被迫去那个她永不想涉足的地方,卖了自己的头发、牙齿,甚至是身体。当I Dreamed a Dream响起时,芳汀的悲剧终究发生了。对于芳汀的死,是悲剧的结局,也是她的解脱。 又如,在《哈姆雷特》中,奥菲利亚这个角色,是莎士比亚在17世纪塑造的形象,而那个时期的英国女性,和中国的传统女性一样,对父亲和兄长十分尊敬,甚至达到了盲从的地步。然而奥菲利亚深爱着哈姆雷特,哈姆雷特对她的表白,被奥菲利亚的父亲否决。当奥菲利亚的父亲被哈姆雷特杀死后,奥菲利亚崩溃了。她一直在无声地承受着一切,但悲剧的脚步没有因为她停止。一个纤弱的女子,一个温柔的女子,一个性格柔弱的女子,在那个年代注定了她的悲剧色彩。 在英美文学中,女性的悲剧色彩是一个重要组成部分,特别是在电影改编后,这种女性悲剧更加真实。她们与周围生活的格格不入,导致了悲剧的发生,除去《哈姆雷特》中奥菲利亚这种被社会压到无法喘息的女性外,还有爱情带来的悲剧。例如在《廊桥遗梦》中,弗朗西斯卡的爱情就是一个悲剧,她有着自己的家庭,却爱上了罗伯特。 这样的爱情就是一个悲剧,在道德的束缚下,在伦理的谴责下,弗朗西斯卡的爱情只能以悲剧结束,四天深入骨髓的爱情,折磨了弗朗西斯卡的后半生,这样的悲剧让观众更加心痛。同样地,在《呼啸山庄》中,女主人公凯瑟琳,也是一个女性悲剧形象的代表。凯瑟琳对于爱情的渴望极其矛盾,她希望自己的爱情是不受世俗影响的纯净的爱,还期望能够找到身世好、家境富裕的白马王子。凯瑟琳同希斯克利夫之间的爱情,是纯净的,为此不惜打破社会的道德枷锁。而凯瑟琳还是放不下对财富的向往,她嫁给一个不认识的人,成为山庄的女主人。这是世俗中“美好”的婚姻,但她对爱情的矛盾,让她无法割舍爱情,最后为之付出了生命。 五、独立自主的女性形象 无论是对爱情的执著,还是对自我价值的追求,抑或是悲剧性的色彩,通过电影中的女性角色表达,我们可以看到一个英美文学作品中独立自主的女性形象,这也是女性主义在文字上的宣泄,在银幕上的爆发。在19世纪,简?奥斯汀、勃朗特等一大批女作家走向英美文学的高处,她们反对男权,发扬女性主义。例如,在勃朗特的《简?爱》中,女主人公简?爱就是一个独立自主的女性形象,她积极向上,以自己的聪明才智征服了男主人公罗彻斯特。 在简?爱与罗彻斯特的爱情中,简?爱一直保持着克制和清醒,她嘲笑那些可笑的权贵,她向往平等。简?爱是一个独立自主的女性角色,简?爱对于爱情的追求,一直保持着独立。她知道了罗彻斯特有妻子后,不愿贬低自己的地位价值,选择离去。而当她认识到自己对罗彻斯特的情感后,不顾罗彻斯特的失明和一无所有,仍旧回到罗彻斯特的身边。简?爱的容貌也许并不出众,但是她有一个高贵的灵魂,她追求独立和自主,她有更加吸引男性的自我修养和精神追求,特别是简?爱对于经济独立的认识。这都是独立自主女性形象的表现。无论是电影还是原著中,简?爱都让我们感叹不已,这是一个什么样的女性,这是一个多么伟大的女性!同样的女性特质,我们在《名利场》中的蓓基身上也能看到一些,蓓基的“女强人”特点,正是她独立自主的一些体现,虽然她一直想傍上一个富翁。 六、结 语 女性形象,在英美文学作品中扮演着重要的角色,无论是在爱情还是自我价值,抑或是悲剧色彩和独立自主方面,都有着吸引人的地方。通过电影的展示,小说中的女性形象似乎活了过来,以电影来分析小说中的女性形象,更加耐人寻味,也更容易被大众所接受。闲来无事,可以走进影院,去回顾一下这些英美经典。 [参考文献] [1]辛淑兰.超越傲慢与偏见:从女性视角看《傲慢与偏见》中的幸福婚姻[D].天津:天津师范大学,2006. [2]黄治康.《呼啸山庄》的女性意识研究[J].重庆交通学院学报(社会科学版),2004(03). [3]王盈盈.从女性视角解读美国电影《廊桥遗梦》[J].电影文学,2013(08). [4]陶曦,李雯倩.西方女性主义电影理论[J].电影文学,2010(12). 英美文学类论文范文篇2 浅析英美文学与我国文学二者关系 摘 要:通过英美文学作品与我国文学作品的主题分析发现,英美文学主题,把人和自然的关系定位为回归自然与征服自然;而我国文学作品人和自然的关系为相互统一,二者是不可分割的整体。 关键词:英美文学;作品主题;人和自然 英美文学与我国文学在“人和自然”的主题方面存在差异,是我们从宏观上把握和研究英美文学与我国文学作品的重要线索。 一、英美文学发展的分析 英美文学是英国人民和美国人民长期以来创造性地使用英语语言的产物,是对时代生活的审美表现。英国文学经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。英国与美国语言因为同属于一个英语体系,长久以来认为美国文学是英国文学的一个分支。两国文学在发展过程中,由于受到各种现实的、历史的、政治的、 文化 的等外在力量的影响,以及遵循文学内部自身规律,其文学发展历经了古英语与中古英语、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、维多利亚、现代主义等不同的历史阶段,战后则大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。中古英语时期的文学较以前在扩展主题、丰富类型等方面有了很大的进展,而且深受到__的影响,传奇小说及诗歌逐步流行。 二、英美文学中人和自然的主题分析 尽管英美文学在发展过程中都存在多元化,但社会的存在无外乎人和自然,世界上好多文学作品都是反映“人和自然”这一主题的,当然英美文学也不例外。 英美文学作家在作品中力图揭示在特定条件下主宰人的行为的两种力量:一方面是遗传,是人内在的力量,具体来说是描写人对其生物本能的依赖,即人追求爱情、金钱和享受的不可压抑、无法阻挡的欲望。另一方面是社会环境,是外在的力量,是作家对人所生存的社会的研究,具体来说,是描写高度文明的社会给人造成的威胁与围困。民族传统依据每个民族生活的社会条件和自然地理条件形成于特定的历史时期,民族传统一经形成便具有较大的稳定性,能长久地在民族成员中保留下去。 自然,既是人类的母亲和摇篮,又是人类的敌人和战场。这种矛盾的关系,体现在人类的自然观念中,便是两种对立的心态:回归自然与征服自然。这种对立一直贯穿英美思想、文学传统的始终。就文学家个体而言,他们的思想观念及其创作中所表现出来的“人与自然”显示出一种深刻的复杂性,甚至是矛盾性和变动性。有的礼赞、崇拜自然,有的在对抗、征服自然的过程中突显人的尊严和价值,有的聚焦于特殊的人化了的自然环境,有的呈现出一种回归自然与征服自然的交融,有的显示出超时代的远见卓识。 三、我国文学作品中人和自然的分析 我国神话中盘古开天辟地的 故事 含有丰富的泛神论思想:自然界的一切都神圣不可毁坏,因为一切都是从一个叫“盘古”的巨人身体长出来的———他嘴里呼出的气变成了春风和天空的云雾;声音变成了天空的雷霆;盘古的左眼变成太阳,照耀大地;右眼变成浩洁的月亮,给夜晚带来光明;千万缕头发变成颗颗星星,点缀美丽的夜空;鲜血变成江河湖海,奔腾不息;肌肉变成千里沃野,供万物生存;骨骼变成树木花草,供人们欣赏;筋脉变成了道路;牙齿变成石头和金属,供人们使用;精髓变成明亮的珍珠,供人们 收藏 ;汗水变成雨露,滋润禾苗;呼出的空气变成轻风和白云,汇成美丽的人间风光;盘古倒下时,他的头化作了东岳泰山,他的脚化作了西岳华山,他的左臂化作南岳衡山,他的右臂化作北岳恒山,他的腹部化作了中岳嵩山。 传说 盘古的精灵魂魄也在他死后变成了人类。所以,都说人类是世上的万物之灵,人类应该爱护自然和其他一切生命。 四、英美文学与我国文学中“人和自然”对比分析 在探讨英美文学中的“人与自然”时,实际上是包含着比较与借鉴的意图的。通过通读惠特曼、梭罗等人的作品,我们了解到他们都是受到过我国宗教和哲学的影响。越来越多的西方学者认识到,我国文学作品中包含的天人统一的思想具有非常重要的现代价值。事实上,现代西方某些哲学、伦理学在理论建构之际,就已经吸收了一些我国文化传统中的天人统一的智慧。德国学者格罗伊从东西方“人与自然”关系的基本对立特征,阐述了自己的观点。他认为,以印度佛教和我国道教为代表的东方传统“人与自然”与英美作品中反映的“人和自然”具有以下一些特征。 遗憾的是我国在进入现代社会以后,急于改变贫穷落后的面貌,大量引进以英美为代表的西方思想文化和科学技术,忽略对本国文化传统的建设与更新,如今已面临比西方国家更为严峻的自然问题。目前我国在大力倡导人与社会和谐、人与自然和谐,在这样一个思潮巨变的历史时刻,一方面,作家们应该大力弘扬我们祖先倡导的人与自然和谐的思想,大力推出优良作品;另一方面我们每一个炎黄子孙都要有责任感,要注重社会的我和自然的我的统一。 参考文献: [1]杨健红.论英美文学教学的道德关联性[J].市场周刊(理论研究), 2009(11).

英文摘要格式如下:

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距:统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。

4、英文题目:使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要:“Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词:“Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

论文摘要应包含以下内容:

(1)从事这一研究的目的和重要性。

(2)研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作。

(3)获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解。

(4)结论或结果的意义。

以上内容参考:百度百科-摘要

以上内容参考:百度百科-论文摘要

英语小论文150字格式模板

英语论文格式模板2017

英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文,除了细心严谨之外,还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板,欢迎阅读!

英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。

英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。

字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。

行距:单倍行距。

页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。

文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。

数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)

图表:

标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。

位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。

底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。

照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。

扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。

作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。

参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。

1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。

2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。

3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。

4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。

5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。

6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。

7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。

8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。

9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。

10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。

11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。

文献注释

注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:

①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。

英文论文的详细格式:

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。

4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。

英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料:

发表论文作用:

论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:

1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源:百度百科——英文论文

英语论文的格式

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家一定都接触过论文吧,论文是对某些学术问题进行研究的手段。写论文的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?下面是我帮大家整理的英语论文的格式,欢迎大家分享。

论文的'规格:正文长度 5,500—8,500 单词。

使用的语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、 题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、 作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、 指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、 摘要:用300词,5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、 关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、 正文:用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

7、 参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、 毕业论文质量标准

(一)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;

(二)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;

(三)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;

(四)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;

(五)语言表达正确,无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00(万分之二十到二十五);

(六)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。

1.文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内,最多不超过15个实词,避免使用非公知公用的缩略词,代号等.

2. 论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表,请在篇首页地脚处注明.

3. 摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词,中文摘要一般在300字以内,中英文摘要应基本一致.其内容应包括研究目的,方法,结果,结论等,禁用"本文","作者","This paper"等作主语.详见"科技期刊文章摘要的写作要求".

4. 关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词,词组或术语.英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.

5中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》.

6. 正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页(记空格,图表占位)以内.内容力求有创新,论证严谨,语句通顺,文字精炼.

7.文中正体,斜体,黑体字符的用法:

⑴斜体.变量名称用斜体单字母表示;下标若是由变量转化来的则用斜体;坐标轴(如x,y)和变量(如i,j)用斜体.

⑵正体.下标由文字转化来的说明性字符用正体;单位,词头用正体,如nm,pF等;几个特殊常量用正体,如e,i,π等.

⑶黑体.矩阵,矢量名称用黑体表示.

8.图形要求

图中所有线条,文字必须用黑色绘制;用线形或标识符区分;不得有背景;

图中线条须清晰,均匀,刻度线向内侧画,并且间隔应均匀;

图中坐标线粗磅,曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍;

9.表格要求 表格采用三线表,表头中使用物理量符号/单位,如下例:

10.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料,须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后,文中须在引用处右上角加注"「序号」".中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文,并在后面加注"(in Chinese)".引文作者姓名均为姓前名后,最多标3名,余下用"et al."代表.

著录格式为:(按不同析出物分类说明)

「连续出版物」 主要作者.题名「J」 .刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.

「专著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「译著」 主要作者.书名「M」 .译者.出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「论文集」 主要作者.题名「A」 .编者.论文集名「C」 .出版地(城市名):出版者,出版年.起止页码.

「会议论文」 主要作者.题名「Z」 .会议名称,会议召开地(城市名),召开年.

「学位论文」 作者.题名「D」 .所在城市:保存单位,年份.

「研究报告」 主要作者.题名「R」 .报告代码及编号(或:保存地点:责任单位),年份.

「报纸」 作者名.文章名「N」.报纸名,出版日期(版次).

「电子文献」 作者.题名「EB/OL」 .发表或更新日期/引用日期.

「专利」 申请者.专利名「P」 .专利国名:专利号,发布日期.

「技术标准」 技术标准代号,技术标准名称「S」 .

英语格式论文样本

在社会的各个领域,说到论文,大家肯定都不陌生吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。那么一般论文是怎么写的呢?下面是我帮大家整理的英语格式论文样本,欢迎大家分享。

英语格式论文样本

论文的规格:正文长度 5,500—8,500 单词。

使用的.语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、 题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、 作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、 指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、 摘要:用300词,5号字, 英文一页,中文一页

5、 关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、 正文:用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , ...

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、 参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

9、致谢(acknowledgement)

五、 毕业论文质量标准

(一)选题恰当、与毕业生的知识水平与认识能力相当;

(二)内容丰富、资料翔实、论证充分有力;

(三)观点正确、逻辑性强、无违反国家大政方针的观点;

(四)叙述清楚、层次清晰而丰富;

(五)语言表达正确,无拼写错误、语言错误控制在20-25%00(万分之二十到二十五);

(六)用词、造句、谋篇、布局等方面无明显失误,修辞错误率控制在2%。

扩展:论文格式要求

(一)需报送全文,文稿请用word录入排版。字数不超过5字。

(二)应完整扼要,涉及主要观点的图片、曲线和表格不能缺少,正文要有“结论”部分。如稿件内容不清或文章篇幅超长等原因,编辑有权删改。

(三)论文结构请按下列顺序排列:

1.大标题(第一行):三黑字体,居中排。

2.姓名(第二行):小三楷字体,居中排。

3.作者单位或通信地址(第三行):按省名、城市名、邮编顺序排列,用小三楷字体。

4.关键词。需列出4个关键词,小三楷字体。第1个关键词应为二级学科名称。学科分类标准执行国家标准;关键词后请列出作者的中国科协所属全国性学会个人会员的登记号

5.正文。小四号宋体。文中所用计量单位,一律按国际通用标准或国家标准,并用英文书写,如km2,kg等。文中年代、年月日、数字一律用阿拉伯数字表示。

正文中的各级标题、图、表体例见下表:

表; 标题体例

标题 级别 字体字号 格式 说明

一级标题 三号标宋 居中 题目

二级标题 四号黑体 左空2字,单占行 汉字加顿号,如“一、”

三级标题 四号仿宋体 左空2字,单占行 汉字加括号,如“(一)”

四级标题 小四号黑体 左空2字,单占行 阿拉伯数字加下圆点,如“1.”

五级标题 小四号宋体 左空2字,右空1字,接排正文 阿拉伯数字加括号,如“(1)”允许用于无标题

段落图、表、注释及参考文献体例

内容 字体字号 格式 说明

图题 五号宋体 排图下,居中,单占行 图号按流水排序,如“图1;“图2”

图注 小五号宋体 排图题下,居中,接排 序号按流水排序,如“1.”;“2.”

表题 五号黑体 排表上,居中,可在斜杠后接排计量单位,组合单位需加括号 如“表2几种发动机的最大功率/kW”“表5几种车辆的速度/(km/h)”表序号按流水排序,如“表1”、“表2”

表栏头 小五号宋体 各栏居中,计量单位格式同上

图文/表文 小五号宋体 表文首行前空1字,段中可用标点,段后不用标点

6.参考文献。文章必须有参考文献。“参考文献”4字作为标题,字体五黑,居中,其他字体五宋。文献著录格式如下:

(1)著作:作者姓名.书名.出版社名,出版年月,页码(如有两个以上作者,作者间用逗号分开)

(2)期刊:作者姓名.文章名.期刊名,年份,卷(期)、页码。

7.作者简介。请在参考文献之后附作者简介。“作者简介”请用五黑字体左起顶格排,后空一格,接排。作者简介字体五宋,1字以内,包括姓名、参加的全国性学会名称、中国科协个人会员登记号、工作单位、电话、传真、电子信箱等。

杂志社英文摘要超过150字

摘要(abstract)又称提要、文摘。国际上对其标准解释为an abbreviated, accurate representation of the contents of adocument without added interpretation or criticism。其含义是对文献内容不加以解释或评论并作出准确的压缩。英文摘要包括正文、标题、作者名字的汉语拼音、关键词。当然有些论文是不包含论文文摘的,不过绝大多数有英文摘要的文章一般把这几个部分作为一个独立部分放在文章正文中今天查尔斯沃思论文语言润色编辑来告诉你,SCI论文摘要的文体特点是什么? 一、规范摘要的受众是专业的人员,所以文体是正式的,句法结构要求严谨规范。因而摘要中的句子都很完整,没有口语体中的省略句或不完整句。用词也很规范,多用论文研究领域的标准术语,正规英语,很少用缩写词和古词。 二、 精炼摘要要求精炼,不宜列举例证,不宜与其他研究工作作对比。语句也少有重复。在衔接方面,主要使用词汇手段。通过词汇在意义上的衔接,把全篇文章的各部分紧紧地联系在一起,使文章结构紧凑,前后呼应。复合名词可以使文字紧凑利落,因而摘要中复合名词用的较多。三、 具体摘要的每个概念、论点都要具体鲜明。一般不笼统地写论文“与什么有关”,而直接写论文“说明什么”。用词方面要求准确,多用一些源自法语和拉丁语且使用范畴较窄的“大词”“长词”,尽量避免含混不清或一词多义的词语。 四、完整摘要本身要完整。有些读者是利用摘要杂志或索引卡片进行研究工作的,很可能得不到全篇论文,因此要注意不要引用论文某节或某张插图来代替说明。 摘要的写作要遵循一定的原则,掌握这些文摘问题的特点才能在接下来的写作中做到心中有数,时刻的规范自己,充当写作的准则,这样才能高效的写出好的文摘。查尔斯沃思论文语言润色编辑告诉您一般来讲论文英文标题应和汉语标题相对应,但是由于科技英语本身的特点,英文标题也不是汉语标题的机械对译。汉语标题中修饰语在前,中心词(Head word)一般在后。英语标题往往先提中心词,修饰语在后。 摘要标题应简明具体确切概括文章的要旨,中文标题一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副标题。论文的英文标题也要简明朴实,应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符代号以及结构式和公式,力戒冗长累赘。例如美国数学学会曾要求一篇数学论文的标题不超过12个词,多数英文刊物要求标题不超过100个字母(其中包括字母之间的间隙),大概10-12个单词。这是因为标题长了不易阅读记忆而且如果在计算机上查阅更觉困难。参考:查尔斯沃思论文润色贴士

有以下几种办法删改:

自己实在改不了求助他人。

以上建议仅供参考。

1、 文稿要求主题突出,观点鲜明,论据充足,数据(资料)可靠,层次清晰,逻辑严密,文字简练,文稿(包括文中图表)一般不超过5000字。2、 文稿内容必须包括中、英文题名、作者姓名(包括汉语拼音)及二级单位,中、英文摘要,中、英文关键词(3~5个),正文,参考文献。3 、在文稿结尾处,请注明第一作者简介,包括姓名、性别、出生年月、职称、学历或学位、工作单位、从事主要专业及研究方向以及联系方式等信息。4、 若来稿属基金资助项目,请作者在首页地脚处注明论文所属项目名称及其编号,将酌情考虑优先发表。5、欢迎以电子文档和打印文稿方式投稿。作者寄送打印文稿的同时,请附上Word 格式电子文档一份。文稿中的计量单位一律按照最新版《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》执行。6 、摘要应直接写出研究目的,简述过程与方法,明确列出结果与结论,具体说明文稿的创新点。中文摘要200字左右,英文摘要150个实词左右,中、英文摘要的内容应保持一致。7 、参考文献的著录按GB/T1714-2005标准执行。最好引用参考在本刊已发表过的文章。著录格式顺序为:序号、作者姓名、文题(或书名)、期刊名(外文期刊可用标准通用缩写,不加缩写点)、年、卷、期、页码,如属专著,要在书名后加版次、出版地、出版单位及时间。8、 凡在本刊上发表过的文章,其版式、版权均属于《商品储运与养护》杂志社所有,其他单位或个人未经本刊同意不得以任何方式采用。本刊所载的文章在向国内外数据库、检索机构报送时,不再征求作者意见。9 、本刊坚持诚实守信,请作者不要一稿二投或一稿多投,(限于本编辑部人力)未录用文稿一般不退回,请作者自留底稿。若3个月未见本刊录用通知,作者可自行处理。文稿一经录用出版后,赠送作者当期刊物3本。10、 请作者严格遵守国家有关保密法规,文稿须经作者所在单位保密审查后才能刊载。发表后的文稿若出现泄密问题,由作者自行负责。

150词英语文章摘抄

我们在高中 学习英语 ,不仅应学习课本知识,平时还要多阅读与英语有关的小短文。以下是我为大家精心推荐的150字的励志英语短文,希望你会喜欢。

励志英语短文150字篇一

Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.

无论是60岁还是16岁,你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和追求事业成功的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底,有一座无线电台,它能在多长时间里接收到人间万物传递来的美好、希望、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息,你就会年轻多长时间。 当明天变成了今天成为了昨天,最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天,我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走,这不是静止火车里,与相邻列车交错时,仿佛自己在前进的错觉,而是我们真实的在成长,在这件事里成了另一个自己。

When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no moreimportant in your memory, we suddenly realize that we r pushed forwardby time. This is not a train in still in which you may feel forwardwhen another train goes by. It is the truth that we've all grown we become different.

当你的心真的在痛,眼泪快要流下来的时候,那就赶快抬头看看,这片曾经属于我们的天空;当天依旧是那么的广阔,云依旧那么的潇洒,那就不应该哭,因为我的离去,并没有带走你的世界。

you feel hurt and your tears are gonna to drop. Please look up andhave a look at the sky once belongs to us. If the sky is still vast,clouds are still clear, you shall not cry because my leave doesn't takeaway the world that belongs to you

励志英语短文150字篇二

The candles themselves were nothing, but as one candle was used to light another in a dark room, the room would grow brighter.

蜡烛本身看似不起眼,但如果点燃两根蜡烛,而非一根,黑暗的房间顿时会变得更加明亮

Then as each lighted candle was used to light others, the dark room would begin to glow with a wonderful brightness. In the end, as every single candle was lit, the room was bathed in the glorious, shining light of not only fire but also love and joy. It doesn’t matter how tiny a candle you may think your life is. You can use it to shine a little light and love in this world. It doesn’t matter how brief your candle flickers are and how small your flame burns right now. You can feed it, build it and watch it grow. You may think you’re your life is a tiny candle now, but you can turn it into a powerful bonfire if you would like.

接下来,如果用一根点燃的蜡烛点亮 其它 蜡烛,黑暗的房间便会格外明亮。最后,当全部蜡烛都被点燃时,整个房间就会被明亮、灿烂的光线所笼罩。这光线并非全部源于烛焰,还源于爱与欢乐。即便你觉得自己的人生只是一根纤弱的蜡烛,你也可以用它给世界带来光与爱。即便现在你的烛焰只能闪烁片刻,即便现在你的烛光是那么微弱,你也可以努力让蜡烛燃烧得更加旺盛。也许你认为自己的生命好比一根微小的蜡烛,其实,只要你愿意,你就可以将这根微小的蜡烛变成一堆熊熊的篝火。

Light your candle today. Then use it to light all candles around you. Share your loving, joyful fire with everyone you know and everyone you meet. Feed your fire with goodness and watch it cast out all the darkness of the world.

赶快点燃自己的那根蜡烛吧!用它去点亮你身边的所有蜡烛。与你身边的每一个人分享充满爱与欢乐的烛焰。让友善使你的烛光更加灿烂,并静观它去驱逐世间的黑暗。

励志英语短文150字篇三

To conquer our fears, we must go past them.

若想克服恐惧,我们就必须要敢于正视它们。

To fear is natural; to go past them is heroic. Fear is a normal part of life, symbolizing that there are new, extraordinary things to come across and face. To be able to see these things before they happen is a sign of wisdom. Fear is nothing out of the ordinary. To admit that we are fearing is to prove that we value our life.

恐惧是一件很自然的事,但克服恐惧却是一种英勇的行为。恐惧是日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,它意味着我们要去面对和处理层出不穷的、意想不到的事情。能够预知将要发生的事情是一种智慧。恐惧并不是什么稀奇事儿,而且承认恐惧是证明我们珍视生命的有力证据。

And men should pay attention to the call of fears. To truly be a leader or someone who is heroic and brave, we should focus on getting past these fears. And it is frightful for people to go through life ignoring fears, because they may often forget their heart and step into life without responsibility.

人人都应该对恐惧的到来有先见之明。要想成为真正的佼佼者或者英勇之人,我们就必须集中精力去正视恐惧。那些在生活中忽视恐惧的人是非常可怕的,因为他们不仅常常违背自己的心意,而且在缺少责任心中苟且偷生。

To be born is to live. To live is to fear. To fear is to be challenged. To accept our fears is to be mature. It needs bravery, maturity and vitality to face our fears, accept the challenges and hope for the best.

生者为生,生来为惧,惧为应站,迎惧者谙事理。要想正视恐惧、接受挑战、憧憬美好未来,那就要具备大无畏的勇气、成熟的心智与顽强的生命力。

励志英语短文150字篇四

The first day of school our professor introduced a little old lady to us.

"Why are you in college at such a young age?" I asked later. She jokingly replied, " I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel."

"No seriously," I asked. I was curious what may have motivatedher to be taking on this challenge at her age. "I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one!" she told me.

We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and tolk nonstop. I was always listening to this "time machine" as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.

At the end of the semester we invited Rose to make a speech to our football team. I'll never forget what she taught us. As she began to deliverher prepared speech, she dropped her note card on the floor. A little embarrassed she simply said, "I'm sorry. This whiskey is killing me! I'll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know." As we laughed she cleared her throat and began:" We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and don't even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talentor ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets."

At the year's end Rose finished the college degree. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral to honorthe wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be.

开学第一天,教授把一位小个子老太太介绍给了我们。

随后我问道,“你为什么这么“年轻”还来读大学?”她开玩笑地回答:“我来这儿是为了认识一个有钱的丈夫,结婚,生几个孩子,然后退休去旅行。”

“不,认真点儿。”我问道。我很好奇,到底是什么东西让她在这个年纪还要接受这样一个挑战。“我一直梦想着上大学,现在我就在读大学!”她告诉我。

我们马上成了朋友。在随后的三个月里,我们每天一起离开教室,不停地交谈。我总是和历经了岁月沧桑的她一起分享她的智慧和 经验 。

期末的时候,我们邀请罗斯给我们的 橄榄球 队讲话。我永远都不会忘记她教给我们的东西。就在她要开始进行她事先准备好的演讲时,她把写了要点的卡片掉在了地上。她有点儿尴尬,但只是说,“对不起。这酒可真要命!我没办法再准备好我的讲稿了,就让我把我知道的东西告诉你们吧。”我们笑了起来,她清了清嗓子,开始演讲:“我们并不是因为年老就不再玩耍;我们变老是因为我们不再玩耍。只有四个秘密可以让你保持年轻,快乐,获得成功。你必须每天都开怀大笑,寻找幽默。你必须有一个梦想。失去了梦想,你就会虽生犹死。我们周围有很多人,他们已经‘死了’,自己却不知道。成长和长大之间有着巨大的差距。如果你现在19岁,躺在床上整整一年什么都不做,你也还会变成20岁。每一个人都会长大,这不需要任何天赋和能力。要不断地在变化中寻找机遇,这样才是成长。

不要留有遗憾。老年人通常不会为做过的事遗憾,而是为还没有做过的事情感到遗憾。只有那些有遗憾的人才会怕死。”

年底的时候,罗斯获得了大学学位。 毕业 一星期后,她在梦中安详地离开了人世。两千多名大学生参加了她的葬礼,来纪念这位通过自己的亲身经历来告诉我们永远都可以成就自己的理想的了不起的老人。

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在 英语学习 中,阅读能力是学习者发展 其它 语言能力(听、说、写、译)的基础。下面是我带来的经典英语好 文章 摘抄,欢迎阅读!经典英语好文章摘抄篇一 Change Makes Life Beautiful(生命美于变化) To regard all things and principles of things as inconstant modes or fashions has more and more become the tendency of modern thought. Let us begin with that which is without——our physical life. Fix upon it in one of its more exquisite intervals,the moment,for instance,of delicious recoil from the flood of water in summer heat. What is the whole physical life in that moment but a combination of natural elements to which science gives their names?But these elements,phosphorus and lime and delicate fibers,are present not in the human body alone:we detect them in places most remote from it. Our physical life is a perpetual motion of them——the passage of the blood,the wasting and repairing of the lenses of the eye,the modification of the tissues of the brain under every ray of light and sound-processes which science reduces to simpler and more elementary forces. Like the elements of which we are composed,the action of these forces extends beyond us:it rusts iron and ripens corn. Far out on every side of us those elements are broadcast,driven in many currents;and birth and gesture and death and the springing of violets from the grave are but a few out of ten thousand resultant combinations. That clear,perpetual outline of face and limb is but an image of ours,under which we group them a design in a web,the actual threads of which pass out beyond it. This at least of flame——like our life has,that it is but the concurrence,renewed from moment to moment,of forces parting sooner or later on their ways. 生命美于变化 将所有事物和事物的原则统统归结为经常变化着的形态或风尚,这已日益成为近代思想界的一个趋势。我们可以从我们的生理活动等表面的事情说起。举个例子来说,选定在酷暑中猛然浸入滔滔清流的一刹那和感觉极其愉快的这么一个微妙的时刻。在那一瞬间的所有生理活动,难道不可以说是具有科学名称的各种元素的一种化合作用吗?但是,像磷、石灰、微细的纤维质等这些元素,不仅存在于人体之中,而且在与人体没有丝毫关系的地方也能检查出它们的存在。血液的流通,眼睛中水晶体的消耗和恢复,每一道光波、每一次声浪对于脑组织所引起的变异——都不外是这些元素永久的运动。但是科学把这些运动过程还原为更为简单和基本力量的作用。正如我们身体所赖以构成的元素所形成的我们的生理活动的力量,这些力量在我们身体以外也同样发挥着作用——它可以使铁生锈,使谷物成熟。这些元素,在种种气流吹送之下,从我们身外向四面八方传播:人的诞生,人的姿态,人的死亡,以及在人的坟头上生长出紫罗兰——这不过是成千上万化合结果的点滴例子而已。人类那轮廓分明、长久不变的面颜和肢体,不过是一种表象,在它那框架之内,我们好把种种化合的元素凝聚一团——这好像是蛛网的纹样,那织网的细丝从网中穿出,又引向他方。在这一点上,我们的生命有些像那火焰——它也是种种力量汇合的结果,这汇合虽不断延续,那些力量却早晚要各自飘散。 经典英语好文章摘抄篇二 The Date Father Didn’t Keep (父亲失约) It happened in one of those picturesque Danish taverns that cater to tourists and where English is spoken. I was with my father on a business-and-pleasure trip,and in our leisure hours we were having a wonderful time. “It‘s a pity your mother couldn’t come,”said Father.“It would be wonderful to show her around.” He had visited Denmark when he was a young man. I asked him,“How long is it since you were here?” “Oh,about 30 years. I remember being in this very inn,by the way.”He looked around,remembering. “Those were gracious days-”He stopped suddenly,and I saw that his face was pale. I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers. She might have been pretty once,but now she was stout and her hair was untidy.“Do you know her?”I asked…… “I did once,”he said. The woman come to our table.“Drinks?”she inquired. “We‘ll have beer,”I said. She nodded and went away. “How she has changed!Thank heaven she didn‘t recognize me,”muttered Father mopping his face with a handkerchief.“I know her before I ever met your mother,”he went on.“I was a student,on a tour. She was a lovely young thing,very graceful. I fell madly in live with her,and she with me.” “Does Mother know about her?”I blurted out,resentfully. “Of course,”Father said gently. He looked at me a little anxiously. I felt embarrassed for him. I said,“Dad,you don‘t have to-” “Oh,yes,I want to tell you. I don‘t want you wondering about this. Her father objected to our romance. I was a foreigner. I had no prospects,and was dependent on my father. When I wrote Father that I wanted to get married he cut off my allowance. And I had to go home. But I met the girl once more,and told her I would return to America,borrow enough money to get married on,and come back for her in a few months.” “We know,”he continued,“that her father might intercept a letter,so we agreed that I would simply mail her a slip of paper with a date on it,the time she was to meet me at a certain place;then we‘d married. Well,I went home,got the loan and sent her the date. She received the note. She wrote me:”I’ll be there.“But she wasn‘t. Then I found that she had been married about two weeks before,to a local innkeeper. She hadn’t waited.” Then my father said,“Thank God she didn‘t. I went home,met your mother,and we’ve been completely happy. We often joke about that youthful love romance.” The woman appeared with our beer. “You are from America?”she asked me. “Yes,”I said. She beamed.“A wonderful country,America.” “Yes,a lot of your countrymen have gone there. Did you ever think of it?” “Not me. Not now,”she said.“I think so one time,a ling time ago. But I stay here. I much better here.” We drank our beer and left. Outside I said,“Father,just how did you write that date on which she was to meet you?” He stopped,took out an envelope and wrote on it.“Like this,”he said.“12/11/73,which was,of course,December 11,1973.” “No!”I exclaimed.“It isn‘t in Denmark or any European country. Over here they write the day first,then the month. So that date wouldn’t be December 11 but the 12th of November!” Father passed his hand over his face.“So she was there!”he exclaimed.“And it was because I didn‘t show up that she got married.”He was silent a while.“Well,”he said.,“I hope she’s happy. She seems be.” As we resumed walking I blurted out,“It is a lucky thing it happened that way. You wouldn‘t have met Mother.” He put his arm around my shoulders,looked at me with a heart-warming smile,and said,“I was doubly lucky,young fellow,for otherwise I wouldn‘t have met you,either!” 经典英语好文章摘抄篇三 改变一生的邂逅 Isn‘t it amazing how one person,sharing one idea,at the right time and place can change the course of your life’s history?This is certainly what happened in my life. When I was 14,I was hitchhiking from Houston,Texas,through El Paso on my way to California. I was following my dream,journeying with the sun. I was a high school dropout with learning disabilities and was set on surfing the biggest waves in the world,first in California and then in Hawaii,where I would later live. Upon reaching downtown El Paso,I met an old man,a bum,on the street corner. He saw me walking,stopped me and questioned me as I passed by. He asked me if I was running away from home,I suppose because I looked so young. I told him,“Not exactly,sir,”since my father had given me a ride to the freeway in Houston and given me his blessings while saying,“It is important to follow your dream and what is in your heart. Son.” The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told him,“No,sir,but a soda would be great.”We walked to a corner malt shop and sat down on a couple of swiveling stools while we enjoyed our drinks. After conversing for a few minutes,the friendly bum told me to follow him. He told me that he had something grand to show me and share with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came upon the downtown El Paso Public Library. We walked up its front steps and stopped at a small information stand. Here the bum spoke to a smiling old lady,and asked her if she would be kind enough to watch my things for a moment while he and I entered the library. I left my belongings with this grandmotherly figure and entered into this magnificent hall of learning. The bum first led me to a table and asked me to sit down and wait for a moment while he looked for something special amongst the shelves. A few moments later,he returned with a couple of old books under his arms and set them on the table. He then sat down beside me and spoke. He started with a few statements that were very special and that changed my life. He said,“There are two things that I want to teach you,young man,and they are these: “Number one is to never judge a book by its cover,for a cover can fool you.”He followed with,“I bet you think I‘m a bum,don’t you,young man?” I said,“Well,uh,yes,I guess so,sir.” “Well,young man,I‘ve got a little surprise for you. I am one of the wealthiest men in the world. I have probably everything any man could ever want. I originally come from the Northeast and have all the things that money can buy. But a year ago,my wife passed away,bless her soul,and since then I have been deeply reflecting upon life. I realized there were certain things I had not yet experienced in life,one of which was what it would be like to live like a bum on the streets. I made a commitment to myself to do exactly that for one year. For the past year,I have been going from city to city doing just that. So,you see,don’t ever judge a book by its cover,for a cover can fool you. “Number two is to learn how to read,my boy. For there is only one thing that people can t take away from you,and that is your wisdom.”At that moment,he reached forward,grabbed my right hand in his and put them upon the books he‘d pulled from the shelves. They were the writings of Plato and Aristotle-immortal classics from ancient times. The bum then led me back past the smiling old woman near the entrance,down the steps and back on the streets near where we first met. His parting request was for me to never forget what he taught me.

改变学生文辞贫乏毫无文采的有效途径之一是摘抄。下面是我带来的英语 文章 摘抄200字,欢迎阅读!

英语文章摘抄200字1

the country maid and her milk can 村姑和牛奶罐         a country maid was walking along with a can of milk upon her head,when she fell into the following train of reflections."the money for which i shall sell this milk will enable me to increase my stock of eggs to three hundred,these eggs,allowing for what may prove addle,and what may be destroyed by vermin,will produce at least two hundred and fifty chickens will be fit to carry to market just at the time when poultry is always dear;so that by the new year i cannot fail of having money enough to purchase a new me consider-yes,green becomes my complexion best .and green it shall be, in this dress i will go to the fair,where all young fellows will strive to have me for a parter;but no-i shall refuse every one of them,and with a disdainful toss turn from them." transported with this idea,she could not forbear acting with her head the thought that passed in her mind,when down came the can of milk!and all her imaginary happiness vanished in a moment.

一个村姑头上顶着一罐牛奶在路上行走。走着走着,她的脑子里浮现出一连串的幻想:“我卖了这罐牛奶后,用这笔钱买鸡蛋,这样我有的鸡蛋可以增加到300个。用这300个鸡蛋孵小鸡,这就算有坏的、生虫的,至少也能孵出250只小鸡。等小鸡长大后,正好能赶上卖个好市价;那么到了新年,我就能有钱买一件新晚装。买一件绿色的——让我好好想想——对,绿色与我的肤色最相衬。我穿上这件衣服去赶集,所有的年轻小伙子都会抢着邀请我做舞伴;但是不行——我要轻蔑地把头一扬,转身过去不理他们,让他们人人都碰个钉子。 她想得得意忘形,情不自禁地把头一扬,刹那间,牛奶罐跌了下来!她幻想的一切幸福间破灭了。

英语文章摘抄200字2

genius at work 天才在工作

henry ford didn’t always pay attention in school. one day ,he and a friend took a watch apart. angry and upset, the teacher told him both to stay after school. their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch. but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius. in ten minutes, this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.. ford was always interested in how things worked. he once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire. then he waited to see what would happen. the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam. since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded. the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. the young inventor was badly scalded ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off. he dreamed of a horseless carriage. when he built one, the world of transportation was changed forever.

亨利.福特在学校里常常心不在焉。有一天,他和一个小朋友把一块手表拆开了。老师很生气,让他们放学后留下来,把表修好才能回家。当时这位老师并不知道小福特的天才。只用了十分钟,这位机械奇才就把手表修好,走在回家的路上了。 福特对各种东西的工作原理总是很感兴趣。曾有一次,他把茶壶嘴用东西堵住,然后把茶壶放在火炉上。他便站在一边等候着会出现什么情况。当然,水开后变成了水蒸气。因为水蒸气无处逸出,茶壶便爆炸了,因而打碎了一面镜子和一扇窗户。这个小发明家也被严重地烫伤了。 多年后,福特的好奇心和他的动手能力使他得到了回报。他曾经梦想着去制造一辆无马行进的车。他造成了一辆这样的车后,运输界发生了永久性的变化。

英语文章摘抄200字3

most of us take life for granted. we know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future, when we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. we seldom think of it. the days stretch out in an endless vista. so we go about our petty task, hardly aware of our listless attitude towards life. the same lethargy, i am afraid, characterizes the use of our faculties and senses. only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. but those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. their eyes and ears take in all sights and sound hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. it is the same old story of not being grateful for what we conscious of health until we are ill. i have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. now and then i have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see. recently i was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and i asked her what she had observed. “nothing in particular,” she replied. i might have been incredulous had i not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago i became convinced that the seeing see little.

我们大多数人认为生命理所当然,我们明白总有一天我们会死去,但是我们常常把这一天看得非常遥远。当我们身体强壮时,死亡便成了难以相象的事情了。我们很少会考虑它,日子一天天过去,好像没有尽头。所以我们为琐事奔波,并没有意识到我们对待生活的态度是冷漠的。 我想我们在运用我们所有五官时恐怕也同样是冷漠的。只有聋子才珍惜听力,只有盲人才能认识到能见光明的幸运。对于那些成年致盲或失陪的人来说尤其如此。但是那些听力或视力从未遭受损失的人却很少充分利用这些幸运的能力,他们对所见所闻不关注、不欣赏。这与常说的不失去不懂得珍贵,不生病不知道健康可贵的道理是一样的。 我常想如果每一个人在他成年的早些时候,有几天成为了聋子或瞎子也不失为一件幸事。黑暗将使他更珍惜光明;沉寂将教他知道声音的乐趣。 有时我会试探我的非盲的朋友们,想知道他们看见了什么。最近我的一位非常要好的朋友来看我,她刚刚在树林里走了很长时间,我问她看见了什么。“没什么特别的,”她回答说。如不是我早已习惯了这样的回答,我也许不会轻易相信,因为很久以前我就相信了有眼人看不见什么。

英语文章摘抄200字4

three days to see 假如拥有三天光明

helen keller海伦.凯勒

all of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours, but always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours. i speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited. such stories set up thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings what happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets sometimes i have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. we should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. there are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “eat, drink, and be merry,” most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.

我们都读过这样一些动人的 故事 ,故事里主人公将不久于人世。长则一年,短则24小时。但是我们总是很想知道这个即将离开人世的人是决定怎样度过他最后的日子的。当然,我所指的是有权作出选择的自由人,不是那些活动范围受到严格限制的死囚。这一类故事会使我们思考在类似的处境下,我们自己该做些什么?在那临终前的几个小时里我们会产生哪些联想?会有多少欣慰和遗憾呢?有时我想,把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则。这种人生态度使人非常重视人生的价值。每一天我们都应该以和善的态度、充沛的精力和热情的欣赏来度过,而这些恰恰是在来日方长时往往被我们忽视的东西。当然,有这样一些人奉行享乐主义的座右铭——吃喝玩乐,但是大多数人却不能摆脱死亡来临的恐惧。

英语文章摘抄200字5

放慢你的脚步

A young and successful executive was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar. He was watching for kids darting out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something.

一位年轻的总裁,以有点快的车速,开着他的新Jaguar经过住宅区的巷道。他必须小心游戏中的孩子突然跑到路中央,所以当他觉得小孩子快跑出来时,就要减慢车速。

As his car passed, one child appeared, and a brick smashed into the Jag's side door. He slammed on the brakes and spun the Jag back to the spot from where the brick had been thrown.

就在他的车经过一群小朋友的时候,一个小朋友丢了一块砖头打到了他的车门,他很生气的踩了煞车并后退到砖头丢出来的地方。

He jumped out of the car, grabbed some kid and pushed him up against a parked car, shouting, "What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing?"Building up a head of steam, he went on"That's a new car and that brick you threw is gonna cost a lot of money. Why did you do it?"

他跳出车外,抓了那个小孩,把他顶在车门上说:“你为什么这样做,你知道你刚刚做了什么吗?” 接着又吼道:“你知不知道你要赔多少钱来 修理 这台新车,你到底为什么要这样做?”

“Please, mister, please, I'm sorry. I didn't know what else to do!”pleaded the youngster." It's my brother," he said. "He rolled off the curb and fell out of his wheelchair and I can't lift him up.

小孩子求着说:“先生,对不起,我不知道我还能怎么办?”他接着说:“因为我哥哥从轮椅上掉下来,我没办法把他抬回去。”

Sobbing, the boy asked the executive, "Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too heavy for me."

那男孩啜泣着说:“你可以帮我把他抬回去吗?他受伤了,而且他太重了我抱不动。”

Moved beyond words, the driver tried to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapes and cuts, checking to see that everything was going to be okay.

这些话让这位年轻的总裁深受感动,他抱起男孩受伤的哥哥,帮他坐回轮椅上。并拿出手帕擦拭他哥哥的伤口,以确定他哥哥没有什么大问题。

"Thank you, sir. And God bless you," the grateful child said to him. The man then watched the little boy push his brother to the sidewalk toward their home.

那个小男孩感激地说:“谢谢你,先生,上帝保佑你。” 然后他看着男孩推着他哥哥回去。

It was a long walk backs to his Jaguar... a long, slow walk. He never did repair the side door. He kept the dent to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.

年轻总裁返回Jaguar的路变的很漫长,他也没有修他汽车的侧门。他保留着车上的凹痕就是提醒自己。生活的道路不要走的太匆忙,否则需要其他人敲打自己来注意生活的真谛。

Life whispers in your soul and speaks to your heart. Sometimes,when you don't have the time to listen,it's your choice: Listen to the whispers of your soul or wait for the brick!

当生命想与你的心灵窃窃私语时,若你没有时间,你有两种选择:倾听你心灵的声音或让砖头来砸你!

Do you sometimes ignore loved ones because your life is too fast and busy leaving them to wonder whether you really love them?

请问你是否曾因为生活太快、太忙碌而忽略了你所爱的人,然后让他们开始开始怀疑起你是不是真的爱他们呢?

论文摘要英语万能模板

那是因为你的单词在一行没有写完跳到第二行了,这个不影响的,如果你实在不想这样,就把你第一行的最后那个单词拆开写到第二行一部分,但记住要把用一个连接符号“-”,不然别人会以为你那是2个单词了哦,这个符号写在第一行最后单词的拆开处。

一、标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。

二、提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、摘要

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。

4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。

6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。

四、正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。

正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

五、文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。

引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。

六、文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。

各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。

摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

论文的作用

论文为进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:

1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。

2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源:百度百科-英语论文

原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题,解析文章的目的或意图; ② 介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌; ③ 提出结论或建议,以供读者参考。但是,英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如: This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… , The result shows (reveals) that… , It is found that… , The conclusions are… , The author suggests that… .涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时。B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)。例如: The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用,但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如: Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy. 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁做的,无须一一证明;为强调动作承受者;有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语,例如: In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常使用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如: The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头,或采用更简洁的被动语态,一般不用第一人称。 4)遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧,简单、准确地表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。A. 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如,英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等,以便于读者理解。B. 造句。尽量使用短句,长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为( 1 )表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… ( 2 )表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… ( 3 )表示研究的结果: The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… ( 4 )表示结论、观点或建议: The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”,而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A. 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用 the 时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如: The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现在缩略语越来越多,要注意区分 a 和 an ,如 an X ray. B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如: Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 300. C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。总之,多看英文文献,积累经验,摸索规律,提高英文写作水平,才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key ) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 4. 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语,对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词,而且从标题或摘要中选取,每篇文章可选 3 ~ 8 个关键词,文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词:”,英文关键词前冠以“ Key words :”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语,毋用单一词汇,而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展,如:营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。

关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:

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