下面我们来说说英语专业的毕业论文怎么写:
英语专业能选择的方向包括翻译、教学、语言学、文学等主要几大类。从身边同学撰写的感受来看,翻译和文字方向比较好下手,相比之下,教学研究调查类论文则需要花大量时间收集资料,出问卷,访谈,做数据分析等等。这里主要谈一谈翻译类方向如何确定选题。首先,要确定自己的研究文本, 可以是一本书,一部电影,实地景点翻译研究等等……主要是选择自己感兴趣的研究对象,毕竟撰写论文是一个十分漫长且枯燥的过程,选一个喜欢的文本会是你想坚持下去的理由。其次就是选择一个比较合适但是又不要太常见的翻译理论,比如功能对等,目的论啥的,再结合文本中某一个比较细小的角度去研究。总之,翻译理论,文本,切入点三者必须有一两个比较创新,这样不容易撞题。
我去年自己去参加开题答辩的时候,同一个答辩场竟然有两位同学跟我理论和切入点一模一样! ! 不过幸好我的文本比较新,也花了很多心思,最后拿到了优秀论文嘻嘻。这里提醒大家,选题不要过于着急,而且在选题的过程中要反复去知网查证自己选的理论能否适用于自己的翻译文本研究,相关的研究多不多,早期多投入一些时间,后期开始撰写的时候几乎没有太大问题。
其实本科生的论文大多都是没什么内容的,因为都是在总结前人的研究成果,关键是你会不会用自己的话去阐述,从而避免知网查证不合格的想象发生。翻译方向的论文只有第四章是自己的内容,这一章节需要花大量时间寻找最合适的例子,将理论运用其中,达到你最终的目的。这里需要大家注意的是,千万不要出现低级的语法语言错误,这样你会被你的导师批斗死。不要指望导师给你该内容该语法,他只会给你基本的大方向和建议,论文的撰写完全要靠自己。
在学校查重之前,建议大家最好自己去查重一下。Paper系列里面建议使用PaperPP,相对准确一点。turnitin也是一个比较常见的英文论文查重系统,个人觉得偏高一点,价格在元/千字。除了这个,知网、维普、万方也是可以查重英文论文的,turnitin的查重率在百分之20,学校知网查重结果百分之7,如果大家查重费用比较充足,可以直接用知网,结果是最准确的。
论文答辩我觉得最重要的就是要熟悉自己的论文,熟悉到答辩老师一问你就知道是在论文的哪一章节,哪一位置,最好提前预设一下问题我还是比较幸运的,被问到的三个问题有导师之前就问过我的,有的是我准备到的。实在不懂的话,就直接道歉吧,俗话说的好,答辩答辩,只答不辨,疯狂道歉哈哈。
好了,今天就讲到这里了,希望今年的考研er都要加油呀!写论文也不可怕,合理安排好时间,你一定既能考上研也能拿到优秀论文,祝你好运!
参考资料:《英语专业的毕业论文怎么写?》
毕业季,很多同学们都很忙。有的忙着各种招聘考试,有的忙着投简历面试,有的忙着研究生的复试,还有公务员面试。但是正当此时,大家还有一个重要的任务就是写毕业论文,尤其是英语专业的同学。因为英语专业的同学还要备战三月份的八级考试,一般院校都是三月交开题报告,四月份交一稿, 二稿,三稿,甚至更多(这个要取决于你的导师),然后五月份要论文检测后交定稿,最后在五月底六月初的时候进行论文答辩。下面学术堂就给大家详细的讲解一下英语专业本科毕业论文怎么写?一、选题一般来讲,选题一下子是很难确定的。比较容易的做法是先选一个总的课题,然后围绕总题找材料 阅读、思考,最后确定哪一个方面或哪些方面可以在论文中加以运用和发挥。比如,你对语音很有兴趣 .若选“On English Phonetics”,题目就太大了,不如选“On Teaching English Phonetics in M iddle School”,因为这个题目范围小,直接与你从事的英语课堂语音教学联系起来,比较切合实际,写 起来也比较顺手。同时师范院校的毕业生通过中学教学实习多少都有某些实践和体会,写起来就更容易 一些。在选题方面,以下几点可供参考:(1) 题目要富有意义,要有严肃性。论文写作是一项严肃的学术研究。你的分析要有一定深度和创见,其目的是要让读者从中思考并获 得新的信息。题目没有意义和严肃性,其论文必然不会有多大学术价值。(2) 要结合个人特长和研究能力。比如,你对语言学和词汇学都有兴趣,但你更喜欢词汇学,并且平时阅读和积累这方面的材料也很 多,可以说是你的专长; 那你最好选这方面的内容去写。因此,要根据个人的特长和能力选择符合个人 实际的题目去写。(3) 要结合个人手头的资料选题。论文中所表达的观点和论点一般是以资料研究为基础的。如手头仅有一、两本书或几篇文章,就想 从中得出令人信服的结论,这是不可能的; 即使得出结论,这样的论文也是没有多大说服力的,结论是 站不住脚的,因为你手头的资料太少,不足为证。(4) 要注意客观性。题目的选择要竭力避免个人主观性。有些题目往往反映了作者的个人偏见。比如,这种题目: “Which Was the Creater Writer,Mark Twain or Hemingwei?”就不太合适了,因为你的结论不是 “Mark Twain”,就是“Hemingwei”.这样容易产生个人主观臆断。我们不妨改为“A Comparison of Themes in Mark Twain' s and Hemingwei' s Works”较妥。(5) 要有利于得出合理的结论。若选“On English Teach ing inM iddle School”是很难得出比较合理的结论。题目太大,无法深 入研究,应设法限制课题范围,找到研究焦点。比如,“On the Teaching of English Phonetics”,太 笼统、太广,我们可以缩小范围: “On the Teaching of English Phonetics in Middle School”.这 个题目还可以再缩小:“On the Teaching of EnglishPhonetics in Junior High School”.这样就把 题目限制到最小范围,从而容易得出个人的结论。二、开题报告1、开题报告的写作很讲究,如果你开题报告确定了,那么就可以开始写正文了。开题报告包括5部 分:Title(题目),background(国内外研究现状),influence(选题目的和意义),Thesis statement(主题),Outline(提纲),Bibliography(参考文献)。2、首先,要给自己的论文拟定一个标题,然后给这个标题构思一个主题(Thesis statement),也 就是整篇论文到底在讲什么,要论述什么。接着,构思自己文章的大致框架,也就是提纲(Outline)。 这一步至关重要,能否列好提高决定着你之后的论文的写作。所以一定要仔细认真地对待。最后的就是 参考文献(Bibliography),这个就需要你把之前所搜集的资料都翻出来,筛选出你所需要的。一般参 考文献不要超过10个,而且最好是中英文参考文献都要有。参考文献具体的格式这里就不赘述了,具体 参考百度百度或学校发的“学士学位毕业论文指导”.三、正文(重点)1、开题报告确定之后,就要开始论文正文部分的写作了。开始写正文之前还有一个小插曲,那就是 摘要部分的写作。摘要部分真的很重要。这个要反复修改润色之后才可以通过,因为导师主要看你的摘 要,摘要要写的短而精,意思就是让你用最简明扼要的话把整篇论文的主题和内容给概括一下,达到让 人一目了然的效果。2、讲了那么多前奏性的东西,现在终于开始正文部分的写作了。那么正文写作有什么小技巧吗?答 案是肯定的。首先介绍一款非常写论文必备的工具,“有道词典”PC版,接下来教你怎么用它来完成论 文的写作。首先,我们已经准备好了各种资料,大多数资料都是电子期刊杂志,基本它们的格式都是 PDF,要求电脑支持PDF格式,有一部分是CAJ的,但仍然不影响咱们使用它。我们要做的是把你所需要的 内容(中文)复制粘贴到有道词典的在线翻译一栏,点击之后就翻译好了。别急,有道是机器翻译难免 会有很多错误,但是机器翻译有一个优点就是选词很好。这样以来,稍微语法基础好点的同学就可以对 翻译结果进行润色修改,然后粘贴到你所需要的地方就可以了。另一方面,如果你遇到自己不会写的单 词直接用有道词典搜索一下即可。当然为了求得用词精准,最好把例句看一下,有时搜不到的词,在例 句里会有更好的翻译。3、英语论文写作对原创性有一定的要求,一般是直接引用的内容不得超过30%,这就要动用童鞋们脑 袋来修改原文了,比如说你要引用书中的一段文字。你就可以把它复制粘贴到记事本里,然后开始修改 ,也就是Paraphrase.修改原句的技巧是“尽量用自己的话概括愿意”,切忌出现换汤不换药的现象,也 就是把原文中的几个词给换了。我写论文大部分是PARAPHRASE的,因为这样很省时间,论文检测的时候 也容易通过。4、查英语资料怎么能少了“维基百科”呢,因为维基是外国的网站,有很多语言的版本,如果你需 要查询什么资料,直接输入关键词,然后选择语言为“English”,然后就可以把你需要的内容复制粘贴 到记事本,稍作修改即可。千万不要直接粘贴复制别人的东西,这要会被人认为抄袭,盗窃。严重点可 能会遭到投诉,特别是东拼西凑别人论文的内容。5、写文学论文如果使用一定的方法就更简单了。但是很多童鞋都没学过,有些考过研究生的可能读 过一些相关书籍,那最好不过了。不过,你可以上网搜一些简单的文学批评方法,我当时用的是:原型 批评理论。加上这个理论,再结合自己论文的内容,稍作补充,又可以增加2000多词。6、学会充分利用“sparknotes”这个网站,因为上面有很多文学评论之类的,具体到对某个作品的 分析评论。还有作品分部分介绍,可以更好地帮你把握文章的主题。除此之外还有很多的学科的资料。7、为防止导师让你写二稿三稿,最好在交稿前多审阅几遍,让自己的同学或室友帮忙看一下语法语 句错误。因为自己连续几天对着电脑,几千字的英文实在看不下去了。然后,再用office自带的纠错功 能检查一下语法语句以及大小写,单词拼写能错误。这样反复两次修改之后,基本上都能一次性通过。四、注意事项论文结构一般包括以下部分: (1) 题目,(2) 摘要(或前言) ,(3) 提纲,(4) 正文,( 5) 结尾,(6) 注释和文献目录。原则上少用直接引语。不用直接引语的论文也是有的,但通常直接引语是需要的。(1) 如果选题 是文学方面的,必然要涉及原作者的文体。这就要求对作品中某些篇章进行分析,势必要引用原文。凡引用原作者的证据或观点都必须加角注(或补注) 说明出处。如果用间接引语陈述可以不加。角 注主要是用来说明新的论据和观点的出处,否则会被认为是剽窃。文献目录指论文中使用信息资料的书目、文章和其他出版物的细目。有两种: 工作文献目录和最后 目录。工作目录是一套卡片,在上面列出有用的资料; 最后目录是论文完成后要准备的参考书目,也是 写论文时实际要用的资料目录,因为你不可能预知哪些书或文章包含对你有用的信息,你得为每种资料 准备文献目录卡、阅读对可能舍去哪些无用的资料卡。
一般要求都是英文的,没有办法。要努力了。主要是和导师沟通。
英语专业毕业论文格式要求及范本
毕业论文格式要求:
1、毕业论文应依次包括如下页面:
1)中文封面 2)英文封面 3)作者声明 4)致谢
5)英文摘要和关键词 6)中文摘要和关键词 7)正文
8)注释(如无尾注,可省略) 9)参考文献 10)附录 2、页码标号:
正文前页码用罗马数字如 I, II, III, IV,从正文开始用阿拉伯数字1,2,3标明页码。页码一律居中打印。 3、摘要、关键词: 英文
(1) Abstract:三号;“Abstract”粗体, 居中;
(2) Keywords:3-5个用“;”分隔;小四号; 最后一个关键词后不用标点符号;除专有名词,单词首字母不大写;“Keywords” 粗体 汉语
参照论文格式范本。 行距为倍。 4、正文格式:
1) 文章题目不必出现在正文页。
2) 各级标题一般要求左对齐打印。标题一律用粗体。一级标题:粗体四号字;二
级标题:粗体小四号字;三级标题:粗体小四号字。
3) 英文一律采用Times New Roman小四号,全文双倍行距;如有汉字(参考文献
部分),一律用五号宋体。
4) 正文中如每一段开头缩进两个汉字(或四个英文)字符的位置,则段与段之间
不空行;如每一段开头不缩进,段与段之间必须空一行。 5) 正文中一级标题间的段落空一行。 5、引用:
1)文中引用人名应与参考文献保持一致,即参考文献部分为英文的用英文,汉语的则用汉语拼音;
2)文中直接引用成段文字时,该段文字用五号,第一行缩进6个字符,其余行两端缩进4个字符。 6.注释:
(1)除了文学类毕业论文可以使用尾注注释方式,其余要求使用夹注注释方式。 (2) 夹注中所列指的文献,必须在参考文献中列出。如作者及作品为中文,夹注 中书写作者姓氏时必须使用拼音。) 例如: 1) 直接引用
—— Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process”(1986:241).
—— The underlying assumption is that language “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3). 2 ) 间接引用
—— According to Alun Rees (1986)〔也可位于引语的最后〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation 〔(1986〕. —— It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance ( Robertson,1987). 3 ) 互联网资料: 格式:编号
例: “A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a text’s critical difference from itself” (Net. 2).
(注:Net. 1, Net. 2, Net. 3,„„只是为了便于注明文内引语的出处,具体格式见下文参考文献中的相关内容)
7.参考文献:
1)参考文献须另起一页。 2)“References”三号粗体,居中。
3)英文参考文献在前,中文参考文献在后。英文参考文献按作者首字母顺序排列;同一作者按年排列。中文按照作者姓氏的.拼音字母顺序,排到所有英文文献后。 4)字体为英文小四号,中文五号。
5) 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告 P——专利 A——文章
6) 作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, .,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & I. Gordon;
7)书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语:在毕业论文的.写作过程中,指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲,它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备;从提纲本身来讲,它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板,欢迎参考借鉴!
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
Background of Gone with the Wind
Author's Life and Emotional Experience
Development of the Feminist Movement
Influence of Economic Crisis
Background of the Translator
Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
Selection and Use of Words
Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
' Logic and Combination
's Device and Style
's Transition
, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
Identity
of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
Significance
Significance
' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语专业论文提纲范文
英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展,英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大,成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文,欢迎阅读!
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词:习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
History
The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
Colours
Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
Literal Translation
Free Translation
Translation with Notes
Replacement with Similar Idioms
The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006
[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海:上海外语教学出版社, 2008
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本科毕业设计(论文)撰写规范(试行)毕业设计(论文)是培养学生综合运用本学科的基本理论、专业知识和基本技能,提高分析和解决实际问题的能力,完成初步培养从事科学研究工作和专业工程技术工作基本训练的重要环节。为了统一和规范我院本科毕业设计(论文)的写作,保证我院本科毕业设计(论文)的质量,根据《中华人民共和国国家标准科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》(国家标准GB7713-87)的规定,特制定《辽宁科技学院本科毕业设计(论文)撰写规范》。各系部可以根据专业特点和实际需要对毕业设计(论文)结构和书写规范做适当调整。规范中对毕业设计和研究论文分别提出了相应要求,学生可参照规范中对应条目要求进行撰写。1 内容要求 论文题目论文题目应该简短、明确、有概括性。读者通过题目,能大致了解论文内容、专业特点和学科范畴。但字数要适当,一般不超过24字。必要时可加副标题。 摘要与关键词 论文摘要论文摘要应概括地反映出毕业设计(论文)的目的、内容、方法、成果和结论。摘要中不宜使用公式、图表,不标注引用文献编号。中文摘要一般为300~500字,并翻译成英文(1200~1500字符)。 关键词关键词是供检索使用的主题词条,应采用能覆盖论文主要内容的通用技术词条(参照相应的技术术语标准)。关键词一般为3~5个,按词条的外延层次排列(外延大的排在前面)。 目录目录按章、节、条三级标题编写,要求标题层次清晰。目录中的标题要与正文中标题一致。目录中应包括绪论、论文主体、结论、致谢、参考文献、附录等。 论文正文论文正文是毕业设计(论文)的主体和核心部分,一般应包括绪论、论文主体及结论等部分。 绪论绪论一般作为第一章,是毕业设计(论文)主体的开端。绪论应包括:毕业设计(论文)的选题背景及目的;国内外研究状况和相关领域中已有的研究成果;课题的研究方法、研究内容等。绪论一般不少于万字。 论文主体论文主体是毕业设计(论文)的主要部分,应该结构合理,层次清楚,重点突出,文字简练、通顺。论文主体的内容应包括以下各方面:⑴ 毕业设计(论文)总体方案设计与选择的论证。⑵ 毕业设计(论文)各部分(包括硬件与软件)的设计计算。⑶ 试验方案设计与选择的论证、实验过程、试验数据的处理及分析。⑷ 对本研究内容及成果应进行较全面、客观的理论阐述,应着重指出本研究内容中的创新、改进与实际应用之处。理论分析中,应将他人研究成果单独书写,并注明出处,不得将其与本人提出的理论分析混淆在一起。对于将其他领域的理论、结果引用到本研究领域者,应说明该理论的出处,并论述引用的可行性与有效性。⑸ 自然科学的论文应推理正确,结论清晰,无科学性错误。⑹ 管理和人文学科的论文应包括对研究问题的论述及系统分析,比较研究,模型或方案设计,案例论证或实证分析,模型运行的结果分析或建议、改进措施等。 结论论文的结论单独作为一章排写,但不加章号。结论是毕业设计(论文)的总结,是整篇论文的归宿。要求精炼、准确地阐述自己的创造性工作或新的见解及其意义和作用,还可进一步提出需要讨论的问题和建议。 致谢致谢中主要感谢导师和对论文工作有直接贡献及帮助的人士和单位。 参考文献按论文正文中出现的顺序列出直接引用的主要参考文献。毕业设计(论文)的撰写应本着严谨求实的科学态度,凡有引用他人成果之处,均应按论文中所出现的先后次序列于参考文献中。并且只应列出正文中以标注形式引用或参考的有关著作和论文。一篇论著在论文中多处引用时,在参考文献中只应出现一次,序号以第一次出现的位置为准。原则上,设计类题目查阅参考文献一般不少于10篇,论文类查阅参考文献一般不少于12篇,其中至少1篇为外文文献并译成中文,累计万汉字左右。各系部可以根据专业特点调整数量标准。 附录对于一些不宜放入正文中、但作为毕业设计(论文)又是不可缺少的部分,或有重要参考价值的内容,可编入毕业设计(论文)的附录中。例如,过长的公式推导、重复性的数据、图表、程序全文及其说明、外文原文及译文等。按照专业性质不同规定一定图幅的设计图纸。2 书写规范与打印要求 论文文字和字数除外语专业外,一般用汉语简化文字书写,论文字数在~2万字左右,说明书应为万字以上。根据《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》,英语专业毕业论文的字数要求应为4000-5000单词。 论文书写论文一律由本人在计算机上输入、编排并打印在A4幅面复印纸上,单面印刷。 字体和字号论文题目: 一号黑体章 标 题: 三号黑体节 标 题: 小四号黑体条 标 题: 小四号黑体正 文: 小四号宋体页 码: 五号宋体数字字母: Times New Roman体 封面由学校统一制定标准,学生可自行下载打印,并按照要求填写。 论文页面设置 页眉页眉为 辽宁科技学院本科生毕业设计(论文) 第 X 页5号宋体,右对齐,距边界17mm。 页边距与行间距论文的上边距:;下边距:;左边距:;右边距:。论文的行间距为倍行距。 页码的书写要求论文页码从绪论部分开始,至附录,用阿拉伯数字连续编排,页码位于页眉右侧。封面、摘要和目录不编入论文页码;摘要和目录用大写罗马数字单独编页码。 摘要 中文摘要中文摘要包括:论文题目(小三号黑体)、“摘要”字样(三号黑体)、摘要正文和关键词(小四号宋体)摘要正文后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(四号黑体),关键词一般为3~5个,每一关键词之间用逗号分开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。摘要正文的行间距为倍行距。段前、段后各设为行 英文摘要英文摘要另起一页,其内容及关键词应与中文摘要一致,并要符合英语语法,语句通顺,文字流畅。英文为Times New Roman体,字号和间距与中文摘要相同。 目录理工类专业目录的三级标题,建议按(1……、……、……)的格式编写,社科类专业目录的三级标题,建议按(一、(一) 1、)的格式编写,目录中各章题序的阿拉伯数字用Times New Roman体,第一级标题用小四号黑体,其余用小四号宋体。 论文正文章节及各章标题论文正文分章节撰写, 每章应另起一页。各章标题要突出重点、简明扼要。字数一般在15字以内, 不得使用标点符号。标题中尽量不采用英文缩写词,对必须采用者,应使用本行业的通用缩写词。 层次层次以少为宜,根据实际需要选择。正文层次的编排和代号要求统一,层次为章(如“1”)、节(如“”)、条(如“”)、款(如“1、”)、项(如“(1)”)。层次用到哪一层次视需要而定,若节后无需“条”时可直接列“款”、“项”。“节”、“条”的段前、段后各设为行。 引用文献引用文献标示方式应全文统一,并采用所在学科领域内通用的方式,用上标的形式置于所引内容最末句的右上角,用小四号字体。所引文献编号用阿拉伯数字置于方括号中,如:“…成果[1]”。当提及的参考文献为文中直接说明时,其序号应该用小四号字与正文排齐,如“由文献[8, 10-14]可知”。不得将引用文献标示置于各级标题处。 名词术语科技名词术语及设备、元件的名称,应采用国家标准或部颁标准中规定的术语或名称。标准中未规定的术语要采用行业通用术语或名称。全文名词术语必须统一。一些特殊名词或新名词应在适当位置加以说明或注解。采用英语缩写词时, 除本行业广泛应用的通用缩写词外, 文中第一次出现的缩写词应该用括号注明英文全文。 物理量名称、符号与计量单位物理量的名称和符号物理量的名称和符号应符合GB3100~3102-86的规定。论文中某一量的名称和符号应统一。物理量计量单位物理量计量单位及符号应按国务院1984年发布的《中华人民共和国法定计量单位》及GB3100~3102执行, 不得使用非法定计量单位及符号。计量单位符号,除用人名命名的单位第一个字母用大写之外,一律用小写字母。非物理量单位(如件、台、人、元、次等)可以采用汉字与单位符号混写的方式,如“万t•km”。文稿叙述中不定数字之后允许用中文计量单位符号, 如“几千克至1000kg”。表达时刻时应采用中文计量单位,如“上午8点3刻”,不能写成“8h45min”。计量单位符号一律用正体。 外文字母的正、斜体用法物理量符号、物理常量、变量符号用斜体,计量单位等符号均用正体。 数字按国家语言文字工作委员会等七单位1987年发布的《关于出版物上数字用法的试行规定》, 除习惯用中文数字表示的以外, 一般均采用阿拉伯数字。年份一概写全数,如2003年不能写成03年。 公式公式应另起一行写在稿纸中央,公式和编号之间不加虚线。公式较长时最好在等号“=”处转行,如难实现,则可在+、-、×、÷运算符号处转行,运算符号应写在转行后的行首,公式的编号用圆括号括起来放在公式右边行末。公式序号按章编排,如第一章第一个公式序号为“()”, 附录A中的第一个公式为“(A1)”等。文中引用公式时,一般用“见式()”或“由公式()”。公式中用斜线表示“除”的关系时应采用括号, 以免含糊不清, 如a/(bcosx)。通常“乘”的关系在前,如acosx/b而不写成(a/b)cosx。 表格每个表格应有自己的表序和表题(五号宋体,倍行间距)。并应在文中进行说明,例如:“如表”。表格一般采用三线表,表序一般按章编排,如第一章第一个插表的序号为“表”等。表序与表名之间空一格,表名中不允许使用标点符号,表名后不加标点。表序与表名置于表上居中(五号黑体加粗,数字和字母为五号Times New Roman体加粗)。表头设计应简单明了,尽量不用斜线。表头与表格为一整体,不得拆开排写于两页。全表如用同一单位,将单位符号移至表头右上角。表中数据应正确无误,书写清楚。数字空缺的格内加“-”字线(占2个数字),不允许用“²”、“同上”之类的写法。表内文字说明(五号宋体),起行空一格、转行顶格、句末不加标点。表中若有附注时,用小五号宋体,写在表的下方,句末加标点。仅有一条附注时写成:注:;有多条附注时,附注各项的序号一律用阿拉伯数字,例如:注1:。 图毕业设计的插图应与文字紧密配合,文图相符,技术内容正确。选图要力求精练。制图标准插图应符合国家标准及专业标准。机械工程图:采用第一角投影法,严格按照GB4457~4460-84, GB131-83《机械制图》标准规定。电气图:图形符号、文字符号等应符合有关标准的规定。流程图:原则上应采用结构化程序并正确运用流程框图。对无规定符号的图形应采用该行业的常用画法。 图题及图中说明每幅插图均应有图题(由图号和图名组成)。图号按章编排,如第一章第一图的图号为“图”等。图题置于图下,用五号宋体,倍行间距。有图注或其他说明时应置于图题之上,用小五号宋体,倍行间距。图名在图号之后空一格排写。引用图应说明出处,在图题右上角加引用文献号。图中若有分图时,分图号用(a)、(b)等置于分图之下。图中各部分说明应采用中文(引用的外文图除外)或数字项号,各项文字说明置于图题之上(有分图题者,置于分图题之上)。 插图编排插图与其图题为一个整体,不得拆开排写于两页。插图处的该页空白不够排写该图整体时,可将其后文字部分提前排写,将图移至次页最前面。 坐标与坐标单位对坐标轴必须进行说明,有数字标注的坐标图,必须注明坐标单位。论文原件中照片图及插图毕业设计(论文)原件中的照片图应是直接用数码相机拍照的照片,或是原版照片经过扫描后粘贴的图片,不得采用复印方式。照片可为黑白或彩色,应主题突出、层次分明、清晰整洁、反差适中。照片采用光面相纸,不宜用布纹相纸。对金相显微组织照片必须注明放大倍数。 注释毕业设计(论文)中有个别名词或情况需要解释时,可加注说明,注释可用页末注(将注文放在加注页稿纸的下端)或篇末注(将全部注文集中在文章末尾),而不用行中注(夹在正文中的注)。若在同一页中有两个以上的注时,按各注出现的先后,须序编列注号,注释只限于写在注释符号出现的同页,不得隔页。 参考文献参考文献的著录均应符合国家有关标准(按GB7714—87 《文后参考文献著录格式》执行)。以“参考文献”居中排作为标识;参考文献的序号左顶格,并用数字加方括号表示,如[1],[2],…,以与正文中的指示序号格式一致。每一参考文献条目的最后均以“.”结束。各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例如下。1.连续出版物[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J] .刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号) :起止页码.例如: [1]毛峡,丁玉宽.图像的情感特征分析及其和谐感评价[J] .电子学报, 2001,29(12A) :1923-1927.[2] Mao Xia, et al. Affective Property of Image and Fractal Dimension[J] .Chaos, Solitons & Fractals.U.K., 2003,V15:905-910.2.专著[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[M] .出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.例如:[3] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,1979,15-18.3.会议论文集[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[A].论文集名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.例如:[4] 毛 峡.绘画的音乐表现[A] .中国人工智能学会2001年全国学术年会论文集[C] .北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2001,739-740.[5] Mao Xia, et al. Analysis of Affective Characteristics and Evaluation of Harmonious Feeling of Image Based on 1/f Fluctuation Theory[A] .International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems (IEA/AIE ) [C] . Austr- alia:Springer Publishing House,2002,17-19.4.学位论文[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[D] .保存地:保存单位,年份.例如:[6] 张和生.地质力学系统理论[D] .太原:太原理工大学,1998.5.报告[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[R] .报告地:报告会主办单位,年份.例如:[7] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析[R] .北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997.6.专利文献[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P] .专利国别:专利号,发布日期.例如:[8] 姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P] .中国专利:881056078,1983-08-12.7.国际、国家标准[序号]标准代号,标准名称[S] .出版地:出版者,出版年.例如:[9] GB/T 16159—1996,汉语拼音正词法基本规则[S] .北京:中国标准出版社,1996.8.报纸文章[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N] .报纸名,出版日期(版次).例如:[10] 毛 峡.情感工学破解‘舒服’之迷[N] .光明日报,2000-4-17(B1).9.电子文献[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型] .电子文献的出版或可获得地址,发表或更新的期/引用日期(任选).例如:[21]王明亮.中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的[EB/OL] . .外国作者的姓名书写格式一般为:名的缩写、姓。例如A. Johnson,引用参考文献类型及其标识说明如下:根据GB3469规定,以单字母方式标识以下各种参数文献类型,如表:表 参数文献的标识参考文献类型 专著 论文集 (单篇论文) 报纸文章 期刊文章文献类型标识 M C (A) N J参考文献类型 学位论文 报告 标准 专利 其它文献文献类型标识 D R S P Z对于数据库、计算机程序及光盘图书等电子文献类型的参考文献,以下列字母作为标识,如表:表 电子文献的标识参考文献类型 数据库(网上) 计算机程序(磁盘) 光盘图书文献类型标识 DB(DB/OL) CP(CP/DK) M/CD关于参考文献的未尽事项可参见国家标准《文后参考文献著录规则》(GB7714-87)。 附录论文的附录依序用大写正体A,B,C……编序号,如:附录A。附录中的图、表、式等另行编序号,与正文分开,也一律用阿拉伯数字编码,但在数码前冠以附录序码,如:图A1;表B2;式(B3)等。 论文印刷与装订一般专业,毕业设计(论文)按以下排列顺序印刷与装订。(一) 封面 (六) 正文(二) 扉页 (七) 致谢(三) 中文摘要 (八) 参考文献(四) 英文摘要 (九) 附录(五) 目录左侧装订。英语专业,毕业设计(论文)按以下排列顺序印刷与装订。(一) 封面 (六) 正文(二)扉页 (七) 致谢(三)英文摘要 (八) 参考文献(四)中文摘要 (九) 附录(五) 目录左侧装订。
论文题目(宋体:3号字)基金项目作者姓名、单位、地址、邮编关键词:xxx(宋体,5号字)摘 要:xxx(宋体,5号字,300字以内)正 文:……(宋体,5号字,正文字数不少于2200)参考文献: 按文章中出现的先后顺序列出,给出编号,并在文章中引用的地方上标此编号,注明引文出处、作者、出版社、页码(宋体,5号)
英语论文格式模板2017
英语论文格式模板是怎样的呢?撰写一篇优秀的毕业论文,除了细心严谨之外,还要了解论文格式。下面是我分享的英语论文格式模板,欢迎阅读!
英文论文格式均以美国土木工程师协会出版社发布的标准格式为准。
英语论文用激光打印机打印,打印稿为黑白稿,彩色打印件会影响出版效果。 版心:a4纸,上、下页边距 cm,左、右页边距均为 mm。论文内容宽不得超过, 长不得超过。
字体和字号:正文,标题,作者联络信息和图表中的文字均为times new roman 12号字。可以跟据需要使用同类字体中的粗体,斜体。
行距:单倍行距。
页码:论文正文和文后所附图例都需添加页码。页码为阿拉伯数字,位于页面下方居中。
文体:文章应语法正确,技术用词准确。标题应该以最简洁的语言概括文章内容。如果标题较长,请采用title: subtitle的形式。
数学公式:文中的数学公式不得手写,必须打印。公式如果在文中多次被引用,应该编号。公式之间,公式和正文之间都应该空一行。 单位: 文中所用的度量衡单位应为国际单位。可在括号内,单位对应表中列出其他单位。有关国际单位的使用(standard practice for use of the international system of units)可以通过电话1-向asce索取。其他相关使用参考文献,如anmc metric editorial guide, 5th ed,1992 可向美国国家公制协会 索取(american national metric council, 1735n. lynn street, suite 950, arlington, va 22209-2022)
图表:
标题说明和图例:插入的图表应该以出现顺序编号(figure 1,figure 2,table 1,table 2)。图的说明和标题,包括图的序号应该位于图的下方。表的说明和标题,包括表的序号应该位于表格上方。
位置:图可以插入到正文中,或者集中放在文章最后。如果在正文中插入图,尽量放在页面的顶部或尾部。不要选择文字环绕图形的对齐方式,可选择上下环绕方式。
底纹:插图中不要选择带阴影或底纹,否则会影响印刷效果。
照片:如果文中需要附上照片,在文中出现照片的地方贴上其黑白光面冲洗照片,标题说明位于照片下方。照片将和正文一起缩印,请不要提供彩色照片,以免影响印刷效果。
扫描图:印刷后的扫描图不如原件清晰。如果文中有扫描图,请提供灰色色标扫描图。
作者联络信息:请用横线和正文隔开。联络信息可以为一位作者或所有作者的,包括以下内容:作者全名;所属学会;学历或授予的荣誉;所在单位;通讯地址和电子邮箱;电话和传真。
参考文献:所有参考文献为单倍行距,放在文章最后,按照第一作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。如有同一作者的两篇以上文献,按出版年代先后排列。正文中引用参考文献时,作者和出版年代应该放入括号内。由于上标缩印后会变小,难于辨认,正文中不使用上标标注参考文献。所列出的参考文献应当在正文中都有所引用,如果正文中没有引用,请将文献列入文章最后的附加信息(additional information)部分,或者相关材料(related materials)部分。
论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的'排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。
2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。
3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。
4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括参考文献标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用TimesNewRoman字体。
5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。
6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。
7、论文打印纸张规格:A4210297毫米。
8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,字符数/行数选使用默认字符数;页边距设为上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。
9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,缩进选0厘米,间距选0磅,行距选倍,特殊格式选(无),调整右缩进选项为空,根据页面设置确定行高格线选项为空。
10、页眉用小五号字体打印XX大学XX学院20XX级XX专业学年论文字样,并左对齐。
11、使用软件:MicrosoftWord2000以上版本。
文献注释
注释不同于参考文献。参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目,集中列于文末。而注释则是作者对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,不要列入文末的参考文献,而要作为注释放在页下,用①②标识序号。注释中提到的论著保持通常格式,如:
①与正文部分空出两行;②按照文中的索引编号分别或合并注释;③注释采用五号黑体,注释内容汉语采用小五号宋体,英语采用Times New Roman 9号。
论文的结构应该包括以下几部分:介绍页封面标题页论文审查委员对论文做出贡献的(可选)知识范畴(可选)摘要题词(可选)目录表格列表(可选)符号和缩略语(可选)词汇表(可选)内容
“论文学翻译过程”“语义翻译和交际翻译理论在英汉翻译中的运用”“英语句子成分的省略及汉译”“文学翻译中隐喻的传译”一、选题范围1、翻译与文化:可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。宏观方面,一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论,可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的视角切入。阐述为什么有那样的译文?如严复的翻译,林纾的翻译,傅东华翻译《漂》时为什么使用归化的手段,鲁迅翻译的策略,翻译材料的选择等等。微观方面,可以讨论语言文字所承载的文化内容和内涵如何在翻译中表达,如文化负载词的翻译策略等。2、翻译与语言学理论:可以从篇章语言学,功能语言学(如喊韩礼德的系统功能理论等),对比语言学,心理语言学,交际语言学、文化语言学等方面考虑选题。如功能语言学和篇章语言学中讨论的衔接与连贯及其翻译,也可以讨论他们在英语和汉语中的差别入手,进一步讨论他们在翻译中的处理,主位、述位的推进极其在翻译中的体现。英语汉语对比及其翻译策略等等。3、翻译与语文学。主要从艺术的角度讨论文学翻译中的问题。4、应用翻译:主要从特殊用途英语如商务英语、科技英语、旅游英语等方面讨论在这些特殊领域中涉及的翻译问题如何处理。如旅游宣传资料的翻译等。5、译文对比:可以是同一篇文章、同一本书,不同的译者在同以时期或不同时期进行的翻译做的对比,也可以是同一个译者对同一篇文章或书在不同时期的翻译的对比;可以是翻译技巧等微观层面的对比,也可以是宏观曾面的对比,以探索为什么在不同时期译者回采取不同的策略,有哪些社会的、文化的、政治的、意识形态的原因?6、翻译及评论:首先选择一篇长文,一般是文学作品且没有人翻译过,进行翻译,翻译完后,从上述五个方面选择一个理论视角对自己的翻译进行评论。7、译者风格。8、翻译与美学。
毕业 论文是高校人才培养方案中不可或缺的重要组成部分,是高校英语专业的大学生毕业前必须完成的教学任务,而论文的题目确定工作则是毕业论文管理中的首要环节。下面是我带来的关于本科英语专业毕业论文题目的内容,欢迎阅读!英语专业毕业论文题目(一) 1. 浅析 广告 翻译中的 文化 顺应处理 2. 从文化角度分析中美房地产广告的差异 3. 浅析动画《加菲猫》和《加菲猫之双猫记》中的享乐主义和利己主义 4. 圣经原型解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 5. 论《卡斯特桥市长》中哈代的进化向善论思想 6. 顺从的女人——分析《荒凉山庄》中埃斯特的形象 7. 从中美传统节日对比看节日的文化内涵 8. 成人的童话——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中象征主义的体现 9. 简析网络时代英语全球化 10. 《查泰莱夫人的情人》的生态女性主义解读 11. 从社会文化价值方面比较中美情景喜剧差异 12. 论《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的宿命 13. 《蝇王》的启示:理性的呼唤 14. 中文旅游文本英译中的歧义现象分析 15. 从中美婚宴差异看集体主义和个人主义 16. 影响非英语专业大一新生口语输出的因素 17. 《走出非洲》:走出迪内森的矛盾态度 18. 旅游宣传资料中的误译与解决 方法 19. 从女性主义角度解读华顿《纯真年代》中的埃伦 20. 电子词典与 英语学习 英语专业毕业论文题目(二) 1. 英语习语与 ____ 2. 《伤心咖啡馆之歌》中爱米利亚性别身份分析 3. 从关联理论的角度欣赏幽默翻译 4. 英语缩略语及其语用功能 5. 英专和非英专学生 英语 作文 中错误的对比研究 6. 武汉方言对英语语音的影响及其对教学的启示 7. 中西行星命名的文化探源 8. 英语新闻中的新词 9. 中国古典诗歌英译中对“三美”理论的探索 10. 从电影《七宗罪》浅析原罪 11. 浅论体态语的社会功能 12. 中西 思维方式 差异对中英语篇的影响 13. 中国和西方国家婚俗的比较 14. 浅析合作原则的违背在广告语言中的运用 15. 浅析电影《推手》中中美家庭的文化冲突 16. 从广告语言看中美文化价值观差异 17. 用言语行为理论浅析英语广告中的双关语 18. 论新闻英语汉译中的归化与异化策略 19. 以Of Study(《论读书》)的两个中译本为例浅析译者主体性 英语专业毕业论文题目(三) 1. 广告语言模糊性的语用研究 2. 利用美剧进行 英语听力 自主学习 3. 大学生 英语口语 学习动机研究 4. 从文化视角看中国白酒广告 5. 从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递 6. 对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究 7. 公示语汉译英错误及对策探析 8. 探究美国安利公司的 企业文化 :基于其网站内容的文本分析 9. 运用写长法促进 英语写作 能力的提高 10. 中美“面子文化”对比分析 11. 英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析 12. 英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究 13. 新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析 14. 中美家庭文化比较 15. 从文化的角度浅析中美企业 人力资源管理 的差异 16. 华中农业大学英语专业学生高级英语学习状况调查 17. 跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议 18. 解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想 19. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义 20. 从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响 21. 对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析 22. 从"老友记"中看合作原则在英语称赞语及其回应语中的应用 23. 浅论美国文化与美语词汇 24. 英汉植物词语联想意义的跨文化对比 25. 一个被忽视的“准则英雄”——论《永别了,武器》中的女主人公凯瑟琳 英语专业毕业论文题目(四) 1. 美国二十世纪六十年代反战文化研究 2. 中国英语热的真相——文化帝国主义 3. 中美恭维语对比研究 4. 论民族中心主义与美国媒体近年来涉华报道 5. 从弗大枪击案看美国的枪支问题 6. 《推销员之死》中威利与比夫的父子关系 7. 从拉康的镜像理论看杨克的悲剧根源 8. 从正负值面子理论简析中美面子差异 9. 中国菜名翻译中的文化翻译策略 10. 从旧南方到新南方——斯佳丽·奥哈拉在内战前后的成长历程 11. 探究家乐福公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析 12. 汉语对英语写作词汇的负迁移作用 13. 《美国悲剧》的消费文化分析 14. 从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式 15. 礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用 16. 南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现 17. 城市公示语的汉译英探索 18. 归化与异化理论在汉语 歇后语 翻译中的应用 19. 《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇·亚当斯双性同体现象的研究 20. 论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存 猜你喜欢: 1. 英语系文化类毕业论文 2. 本科英语专业毕业论文题目 3. 英语专业毕业论文选题文化 4. 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题 5. 英语语言学论文题目参考大全
有很多啊 一下供你参考英汉翻译方向On Foreignization and Domestication of Cultural Factors in Translation(浅谈翻译中文化因素的异化和归化)On Treatment of Cultural Factors in Translation (翻译中文化差异的处理方法)On English Translation of Public Signs in Chinese (汉英公示语的翻译)On Translation of English Names of Commendation (英语商品名称的翻译)The relationship between Cultural Difference and Translation Skill 中英文化差异与翻译技巧An Approach to the Translation of Poetic Image诗歌翻译的意象问题探讨A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Films英语电影片名汉译研究A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Novels英语小说题目的汉译问题A Comparative Study of the English Version of the Poem “ Untitled “ by Li Shangyin李商隐的诗〈无题〉的英译比较研究Foreignization and Translation of IdiomsOn Culture Translation under ForeignizationOn Faithfulness in TranslationOn Fidelity and Expressiveness in TranslationInterpreting and Interpreting SkillsOn Literal Translation and Free TranslationThe Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English IdiomsEquivalence and its Application in Translation Cultural Equivalence in TranslationLearning a Foreign Language Through TranslationArts in Verse TranslationA Comparative Study of Two English Version of Hong Lou MengOn Translating the Passive VoiceOn the Translation of English Long SentencesThe Social and Cultural Factors in Translation PracticeThe Application of Functional Equivalence in English and Chinese Cross-cultural TranslationExploring English-Chinese Audiovisual TranslationOn Chinese Translation of Journalistic EnglishOn the Criteria of InterpretationOn the Unit of TranslationThe Cultural Differences and Arts of Translation in Advertising LanguageOn Transformation between Parts of Speech in E-C TranslationExploring Substitution and Ellipsis in TranslationOn English Proverbs TranslationOn the Criteria of TranslationThe Analysis of Translation StyleCultural Differences and Translation StrategiesTranslation and Foreign Language YeachingChinglish in C-E YranslationA Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Allusions and their TranslationEnglish Neologisms in Newspaper and their TranslationOn Translation of Humor in Pride and PrejudiceOn Features of Journalistic English and its TranslationCultural Discrepancies and their Influences on TranslationEnglish and Chinese Translation Song lyricsTranslation of Address Term between English and ChineseOn the Importance of Context in TranslationOn the Translation of English Pun into ChineseThe Role of Dictionary in TranslationThought Pattern and its Influence on TranslationLexical Characteristics of Legal English and Legal Lexicon TranslationFeatures of Foreign Trade English and its Translation ModelOn Euphemism TranslationTranslation of Metaphor from English into ChineseFeatures of Tourism English and its Translation翻译中的文化因素影视字幕翻译的原则影响长句翻译的因素例析英译汉中形象语言的处理生活中广告英语的翻译特色对翻译原则“以信为本,求真求美”的思考翻译中的中国英语与中国式英语南昌旅游景点中英翻译错误及纠错对策背景知识在口、笔译中所扮演的角色分析商务英语翻译的不对等性
多长时间要?什么要求?是否需要控制重复率?
英语毕业论文的文献看你写什么方向,都是根据题目写文献综述。开始我也不懂,还是师姐给的莫文网,高手就是效率高啊创新艺体生大学英语教学理念研究——基于多元互动智能理论对美英报刊教材编纂的几点思考ESP理论视阈下的大学英语翻译教学新韩剧、新受众、新传播:解读新“韩流”跨文化背景下央视英语新闻节目发展定位分析汉民族植物意象道德内涵的跨文化阐释新时期莫斯科外语教育特色研究跨文化视角下重构英语本土化身份多维-互动理论模式指导下的大学英语听力教学探析英语专业内容依托课程体系改革的影响及其启示功能对等视角下的公示语翻译多元文化背景下大学英语教学培养学生跨文化交际能力的策略探析文化语境对商务英语概念隐喻翻译的制约跨文化意识与英语教师教育摭论英语翻译实践中的文化欠缺和文化建构跨文化传播力概念的新审视生态视域下民族地区教师专业发展松散的连结:物的社会生命史不同民族语言所蕴涵文化意象对比——以词汇语义为例从文化生态视角反思高职学生的“中国文化失语”现象高校大学英语文化教学实践的问题与对策大学英语口语课堂上的情感集中型活动探究谈高等教育国际化给高职英语教学带来的机遇与挑战认知框架制约下的高等学校英语应用能力考试研究论日语专业学生非语言交际能力的培养从英语原声电影观赏看英语教学
就是写你论文得出什么结论啊,或者研究成果,也可以是一个总结。比前面第一章介绍部分更充分一点。
1 引用文献的基本格式引文基本格式的两种情况:第一种情况是把文献作者作为句子的一部分 (通常作主语), 我们把它叫做 “格式1”; 第二种情况是把作者的姓放在括弧里, 我们把它叫做 “格式2”。在同一篇论文中, 最好统一使用一种格式。 格式1格式1的基本做法是把作者的姓 (Family name)作为句子的一部分 (通常作主语), 随后用括弧标出所引用文献的出版年代。比如:Long (1991) argues that without this, outcomes such as those from immersion education are likely to occur, with a lack of sustained 格式2格式2的基本做法是, 把作者的姓、出版年代以及页码均放在括弧里, 出版年代紧随作者的姓, 之后是页码。比如:This approach tends to assume an automatisation or practice view of learning (Bruton 2002).在同一篇论文中格式要统一。要么都采用冒号加页码的格式, 要么都使用逗号加p./pp.的格式,不能交替使用。在直接引用文献时, 如所引用的内容较长(一般超过50单词), 则应该另起一段, 左缩进两个字符。2 转引的格式所谓转引, 是指论文作者并没有看到某个文献的原始出版物, 而是在另外一个文献中看到的。3 如何引用中文文献在用英文撰写论文的过程中,如果要引用中文文献,要将引用的中文部分、作者以及出版物的信息翻译成英文,然后按英文论文的引文格式引用。在英文论文中引用中文文献时不能写作者的全名(如Hu Zhuanglin, 1994),也不能直接用中文(如胡壮麟, 1994或胡, 1994)。在参考书目中,首先提供英文信息,并在文献名称后面加上(In Chinese), 表示该文献是用中文写的。4 关于引文的其他注意事项 关于重复引用。在同一段落中, 连续两次或两次以上引用同一文献时(中间没有引用其他的文献), 从第二次开始, 不重复文献作者的姓和出版年代, 而是用ibid.代替。 有时论文中不是直接或间接引用文献, 而只是为了描述或介绍研究现状而提及某些文献, 往往同时提及多种文献。 在同一处提及一个作者不同年代的文献时, 可在括弧中列出若干个年代, 用逗号隔开, 按时间顺序排列。
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文(精选8篇)
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文,毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧!下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.