摘要嘛，全文的主旨都在里面了。至于为什么要翻译成英文，我觉得就是装*。吼吼
是要的呢，具体魄式不同杂志有不同要求。如果你写的毕业论文，用的中文的话，不用翻译，如果使用英文，就必须翻译了
对于中文文献,应同时附加相应的英文文献,格式要求：（1）不重复序号（2）标点符号对应表示（3）中文字书写格式为：姓氏在前,全大写；名字在后,首字母大写；双名连写,其间加半字线.（4）其他格式按照同类型的英文参考...
需要的，撰写中文文献，除了一些重要的名词需要再括号后面写上其英文，方便读者了解，其他引用的句子或段落，都需要用中文的形式表露出来，不过外国作者的名字是用英文的。
文献综述撰写注意事项
1、文献综述是一篇相对独立的综述性学术报告，包括题目、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
2、要围绕毕业论文主题对文献的各种观点作比较分析，不要教科书式地将与研究课题有关的理论和学派观点简要地汇总陈述一遍。
3、评述(特别是批评前人不足)时，要引用原作者的原文(防止对原作者论点的误解)，不要贬低别人抬高自己，不能从二手材料来判定原作者的“错误”。
4、文献综述结果要说清前人工作的不足，衬托出作进一步研究的必要性和理论价值。
5、采用了文献中的观点和内容应注明来源，模型、图表、数据应注明出处，不要含糊不清。
6、文献综述最后要有简要总结，并能准确地反映主题内容，表明前人为该领域研究打下的工作基础。
7、所有提到的参考文献都应和所毕业论文(设计)研究问题直接相关。
8、文献综述所用的文献，与毕业设计(论文)的论题直接相关，与毕业论文(设计)的参考文献数量完全一致;重要论点、论据不得以教材、非学术性文献、未发表文献作为参考文献，应主要选自学术期刊或学术会议的文章，其次是教科书或其他书籍。
thesisdefense/dissertationdefense都可以两个词的区别仅限于字典而已，大部分英美的学校都把硕士论文也叫做dissertation的在英国本科叫thesis，硕士和博士都叫dissertation。在美国好像硕士多叫thesis。
论文答辩”，“答辩论文”＝在英国大学，也有美国的，用的是viva或vivavoce,意即口头测试。viva是拉丁字
问题一：通过论文答辩用英语怎么说 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 问题二：国内毕业答辩的“答辩”，英文怎么表达 动词用 defend，名词用 defence。 问题三：“如顺利通过论文答辩”用英文怎么说？ 如顺利通过论文答辩 If the oral defense goes *** ooth, If I can pass the oral defense successfully, 问题四：博士学位答辩或论文答辩英语怎么说？ plea to Doctor's degree 或者 oral defense of Doctor's degree oral defense of thesis 问题五：“论文答辩”，“答辩论文”英语怎么说？ the oral defense for a thes贰s the defensed thesis 问题六：论文答辩用英文怎么说啊 (Ph D) oral defence viva (voce) (口语) 问题七：副教授答辩 用英文怎么说 Associate Professor Associate professor of Defense Associate professor of the respondent 问题八：“论文答辩”英语怎么说？ 5分 oral defense 或者说thesis defense 问题九：答辩的英文表示请问“答辩”的英文是什么 答辩= Reply. 1) Reply in court = 在法庭答辩...
论文答辩英文：(thesis) oral defense 论文英文：thesis； dissertation； treatise； paper discourse ；答辩英文：make open reply； reply (to a charge, query or an argument)； reply in support of one's own idea or opinion； answer rejoin ；
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
外文翻译的参考文献一般都要翻译，注意翻译的时候要参考<参考文献>翻译标准，出版单位、作者、文献/期刊名称、卷/段等的译法要专业准确，不可有错。
不需要。
无论你是在写中文论文还是外文论文都用它原始的英文就可以的。除非期刊要求翻译成中文。
建议从写大学的课程小论文起就逐渐培养阅读外文文献并引用的习惯，平时多做一些词汇、短语、好句的积累，多去琢磨好文章的逻辑表达方法，这样到之后写英文文章的时候就会更得心应手一些。
外文文献查找网站推荐Pubmed，Web of science等等，它们都有一键导出参考文献的选项，有多种格式，可以根据自己的需要复制就好啦。望采纳哦！
Pubmed网页
这个不用全部翻译的
近年来，随着小学英语教学日益为国家和全社会所重视，在许多地方的小学英语已经成为了一门必修课。我整理了50字英语短文带翻译，欢迎阅读!
永不言弃Never Give Up
Successful people often say never give up. They are sincerely trying to motivate others to success.
那些成功人士经常说绝不放弃。他们真诚地激励别人成功。
It can be a really hard experience for some, so when they do reach their goal, they are almost in shock. There is no need to wade through crocodile-infested waters when there is a safe bridge to use. Sheer hard work and determination is great, but not at the expense of enjoyment and a sense of fulfillment along the journey. So staying motivated is important to maintain this exciting path to success. It doesn’t matter how far away your outcome6 is, because you are going to enjoy the trip.
这对有些人来说很难,所以当他们达到自己的目标时,他们竟会感到很意外。当有桥能保障我们的安全时,就没有必要去锳鳄鱼成群的水域。纯粹的努力工作和决心固然很好,但不要以放弃享乐、放弃梦想为代价。因此,保持积极乐观对走向成功之路至关重要。何时会有结果并不重要,因为你享受的是过程。
If a change in circumstances is not possible at the moment, accept that. So how can you be happy enough, if only a little of your time is enjoyable?
如果现在无法改变环境,那就接受吧。如果你大多数时候都不愉快,快乐又从何说起呢?
Pretend. That is all you can do. Whether you are a cleaning worker or serving customers, speak to people with care. Watch the smile on their faces as if you brought it to them. Enthusiasm is infectious. If you focus on enjoying your tasks, they will be easier. Time flies when you are having fun. Enjoy life at present, and don’t just wait for the end result.
你所能做的只有假装。不论你是清洁工还是服务员,与别人说话需谨慎。看着他们脸上的笑容,就像这笑容是你带给他们的一样。热情是能传染的。如果你能专心享受自己的工作,他人也会更舒服。时光如梭,享受现在的生活,不要只是等待最后的结果。
成功的季节
As the season of spring comes upon us, it is important that you start preparing yourself for change.
当春天的脚步越来越近,重要的是,你得开始为改变做准备了。
Life has four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. However, success also has its four seasons. So, every three to four months, expect changes to occur in your life. You must understand it has always been this way and it will continue to be this way.
生活分四季:春、夏、秋、冬。然而,成功也分四季。因此,每隔三到四个月,你就要期待生活会发生变化。你得了解生活就是这样发生变化的,而且会继续这样。
Circumstances are the storms, the cold and the rain in your life. You cannot control your circumstances, but you can control your response to them. You can not change your situation overnight, but you can change the way you think about it overnight.
环境就像你生活中的暴风雨、寒潮和大雨。你无法控制自己的环境,但能选择对待它们的反应。你不可能一下子改变自己的处境,但你能很快改变你的思维方式。
Start thinking about the goals and dreams that you have planted in your heart. As you prepare for spectacular spring, some of your dreams will be ready to blossom, while others may still need to be cultivated. Just as a farmer knows when to plant and expect the harvest, you must also be prepared to plan and expect success.
想想那些已经根植在你心里的目标和梦想吧。当你准备迎接美好的春天时,你的一些梦想就会随之绽放而有些梦想的实现则仍需时日。正如农夫知道何时播种、何时收获,你也要做好计划并期待成功。
Have you determined the weather forecast for your goals and dreams? Do you have your strategic umbrella ready for sudden changes? The trees and flowers do not complain about the rain, because they understand it is important to their growth. Remember, the unexpected changes in your life are just preparing you for growth and success.
你为自己的目标和梦想预测天气变化了吗?你为突然的变故准备好战略性的保护伞了吗?绿树和红花从不曾对雨有过丝毫抱怨,只因它们知道雨对自己的成长至关重要。切记:你生命中那些意想不到的变故就是为你的成长和成功所准备的。
告别过去 Don’t look back
As you travel through life there are always those times when decisions just have to be made when the choices are hard, and solutions seem scarce and the rain seems to soak your parade!
人生旅途中，你常常会面临在艰难中做出抉择的时刻，这时的解决方法看似少之又少，而你则像在行走中被雨水浇透。
There are some situations where all you can do is to simply let go and move on, gather courage together and choose a direction that carries you toward a new dawn.
有些情况，你能做的只有放弃，然后鼓起勇气重新上路，并选定一个能给你新开始的方向。
So pack up your troubles and take a step forward…The process of change can be tough, but think about all the excitement ahead if you can be stalwart enough!
那么就结束你所有的烦恼吧，向前迈步……改变的过程会充满艰辛，但你不妨这样想，如果足够坚定，前方就会有很多惊喜等着你。
There could be adventures you never imagined just waiting around the next bend and wishes and dreams just about to come true in ways you can't yet comprehend!
在下一个拐角处，也许会有你不曾想到过的艰险在等你去体验，希望和梦想会以各种你无法理解的方式变成现实。
Perhaps you'll find friendships that spring from new interests as you challenge your status and learn there are so many options in life, and so many ways you can grow!
当你向自身现状挑战时，也许会在新的兴趣中发现由此触发的友谊，你会明白生活中存在很多选择，你的成长道路也会如此多样化。
Perhaps you'll go to places you've never expected and see things that you've never seen or travel to fabulous, faraway worlds and wonderful spots in between!
也学你会到那些从未想过要去的地方走走，亲眼看看那些从未见过的事物，或者去遥远而神奇的王国旅行，饱览沿途美景。
Perhaps you'll find warmth and affection and caring — a 'somebody special' who's there to help you stay centered and listen with interest to stories and feelings you share.
也许你将会体会到温暖，爱意和关怀—某个“特别的人”将在那里帮助你保持心无旁骛的状态，饶有兴致地倾听并分享你的故事和感受。
Perhaps you'll find comfort in knowing your friends are supportive of all that you do and believe that whatever decisions you make, they'll be the right choices for you!
也许当你朋友们支持你所做的一切时，你将感到欣慰;他们相信，无论你的决定如何，它们都是正确的选择。
So keep putting one foot in front of the other and taking your life day by day. There's a brighter tomorrow that's just down the road. Don't look back — you're not going that way!
既然如此，那就一步步走下去吧，认真过好每一天。前方会有一个更加美好的未来。告别过去—因为那不是你要走的路。
英语作为世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,在交流和获得各种信息方面起着举足轻重的作用。下面是我带来的高中英语 文章 带翻译，欢迎阅读!
高中英语文章带翻译1
Helping the Remote Village 援助山村
A year ago, the famous astronaut received an invitation by airmail from a remote village. Intending to sniff some fresh air, he and his interpreter paid a fortnight visit there. It was a privilege for them to be there, but they were shocked by what they saw. The tracks were muddy. The river was drying up. Most villagers only possessed onebroom, a few tins and several jars and their rectangular grass huts with round angles were surrounded by weeds. Besides, their school had no roof and platform, and the students had no concept of clicking a computer at all. They were badly in need.
Soon, the astronaut made a generous voluntary donation to the village. There were textbooks for students, sewing machines for tailors and tractors for farmers. His distribution catalogue also included operating a clinic and a trunklibrary, as well as giving weekly lessons to teach relevant farming knowledge like how to dry out seeds or raise oxen. He himself not only helped do some paperwork but also purchased grills for boys to toast potatoes and combs for girls who were dying to get one. The other day, he heard from the villagers again inviting him to participate in the donationanniversary. For political and security reasons, he couldn’t adjust his outgoing arrangement-otherwise he would go. But his deeds were remembered forever.
一年前，那位著名的宇航员收到一份由一个偏远村庄通过航空邮件寄来的邀请。因为想要呼吸一下新鲜空气，他和翻译到那儿做了一次两周的访问。当地之行使他们倍感荣幸，但却震惊于所见所闻。泥泞的道路、河流干枯，大部分的村民拥有的财产只不过是一只扫帚、几个瓶瓶罐罐而已，圆角的矩形草屋四周长满了杂草，学校也没有屋顶和讲台，学生们更对点击操作电脑毫无概念。他们生活确实相当困难。
很快，宇航员就向村庄做了慷慨的自愿捐赠。捐赠品中有给学生的课本，给裁缝的缝纫机，还有给农民的 拖拉机 。捐赠金的分配目录中还包括一间诊所和一间书箱图书馆的运作，并有传授像怎么使种子干透，或者怎么养牛这种相关农业知识的每周课程。他自己不仅亲自帮助做一些文书工作，还给男孩子们购买了烤马铃薯的烤架、给渴望得到梳子的女孩子们买了梳子。前几天，他又收到了村民们邀请他参加捐赠周年会的来信。出于政治和安全原因，他无法调整外出时间安排，否则他就会去了。不过他所做的一切村民们都永远记得。
高中英语文章带翻译2
Immigrate to America 移民美国
Attracted by the boom in America, my nephew teamed up with a Korean to illegally cross the Bearing Strait in theArctic to America. To avoid the Customs’ punishment, they hid in a small ferry called the North Pole Seagull, sitting back to back without sleeping, showering and shaving for 3 days, and had no chance to mourn their lost luggage when landing. The hardship of this crossingwas apparent.
At first, he made a living by means of raising cattle and then was hired in aircraft industries. He lived in a Catholic district. Taking ina small percentage of Pakistani immigrants, the majority of the residents were from Italy and Denmark, who all kept up their customs and cultures. Different blocks here were distinctly marked out and indicated from the racial angle. It was unfair and needed reforming. But with nowhere else to go, my nephew lived on and managed to make a life for himself.
My nephew’s fortune came when he bravely helped a conductor brake a ream to stop it from slipping out of the rails. The man waselected vice chairman of the Socialist Party later. It occurred to my nephew that he could grasp this opportunity to ask for his help. The man who was thankful helped him apply to the civil authority for the right to live in America by inserting his brave deed into his documents. Unlike a great many other applicants, his application was approved by the Federal Justice Ministry. Before long, he started his own bakery and lived a better life.
因为受到美国繁荣的吸引，我的侄子与一名韩国人合作，从北极的白令海峡偷渡到美国。为了避开海关的惩处，他们躲在一艘叫“北极海鸥”的渡轮里，背靠背坐着，整整3天没有睡觉、洗澡和刮胡子，上岸的时候也没有机会心痛他们丢失的行李，这次横渡的艰辛是显而易见的。
起初，他借助 饲养 牲畜谋生，后来受雇于飞机制造工业。他住的地方是一个天主教区，除了包括一小部分(百分比)的巴基斯坦移民，大部分的居民都来自于意大利和丹麦，他们都保持着自己的风俗和 文化 ，使这里的街区都从种族的角度清楚地划出界线，明确标示。这很不公平，极需改革，但我的侄子没别的地方可去，只好继续居住下去，想法设法开始新的生活。
我侄子的好运在他勇敢地帮助一名列车员刹停一列电车以防止其滑出轨道时到来了。那个人后来被选为社会党的副主席，我侄子就想到应该抓住机会请求他的帮助。这个人充满感激，立即把我侄子的勇敢 事迹 插入到申请文件中，帮助我侄子向美国国内政权当局申请美国居住权。不像别的许多申请人，我侄子的申请很快被联邦司法部批准了。不久，他就开了自己的面包店，过上了稍好一点的生活。
高中英语文章带翻译3
Strange Patent Applications 奇怪的专利申请
I set about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel. Competent and dynamic, I never feel passive while diving into the identifications of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of thecriteria.
从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。我工作起来既称职又有活力，在投身于根据新版的申请标准鉴定专利申请，以防他们无效或不实用时，我从未感觉到消极没劲。
With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance, some people leave the beaten track and file strange products with usnow and then, for example, lantern that can be attached on your forehead, cubic walnuts, refrigerator made of straw and glue, perfumethat nobody can bear to smell, and so on.
为了显示与众不同，时不时就有人违反常规，向我们提交一些奇怪的产品申请，例如固定在前额的信号灯、立方体的胡桃、用稻草和胶水制作的冰箱、没人能受得了的香水等
Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wires and string. He called us up and merrily claimed it was stable andconvenient to use, and never out of order. I asked him to hang on, but this innocent man just rang off and set out to fly from his courtyard. I dialed his number in the directory trying to ring him back, but never got through.
有一次，有个人用不锈钢丝和绳子制作了一架三角形的直升飞机。他致电给我们，高兴地声称其确实牢固，而且方便使用，从不发生故障。我请他稍等，但这个天真的人挂了电话就开始从院子里起飞。我拨打他在电话簿上的号码试图回电给他，却无法接通。
Merciful God blessing, an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily, the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocer’s making all the ripe fruits become messy jam. When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face, he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design.
仁慈的上帝保佑，一场突然降临的冻雨打湿了他的火药，使他造成的麻烦没有扩大，只是撞入一间水果店，把所有成熟的水果都压成一塌糊涂的果酱。当人们小心地抓住这个失去理智的人，轻轻拍打他的脸使他清醒过来时，他还在抱怨糟糕的坏天气，却没有将他的失败与他不科学的设计联系起来。
高中英语文章带翻译4
A Sly Murder 一宗狡猾的谋杀案
When giving a lecture about the significance of punctuation, the academic professor was interrupted andarrested by the police for murdering his wife, a receptionist of a kindergarten. The police found some photos he deleted from their e-album showing that they used to have a gay life. But, fed up with her wrinkled face, he murdered her instead of divorcing her to avoid fortune division. He cut up a kind of seashell with a sharpened knife, and hammered it into powder on a skateboard, and made at most one gram, which was enough to accelerate one’s pulse until he or she dies. This kind of poison can date back to 10,000 BC when people rubbed it on spears to kill beasts. The professor mixed the poison with onion, watermelon and yogurt for his wife. Howling and scratching her chest, she felt dizzy and died soon.
那位学院的教授在发表关于标点符号重要意义的演讲时被警察打断了，他因谋杀自己的妻子——一位幼儿园的接待员——而被逮捕。警察找到了一些被他从电子相册里删除的照片，照片表明，他们曾经有过快乐的生活，但是，因为厌烦了妻子起皱的脸，他杀死她而不是和她离婚以避免离婚时的财产分割。他用一把磨利的小刀切碎一种贝壳，然后在滑板上锤打成粉末，最多1克就足以加速人的脉搏直到其死亡。这种毒药可以追溯到公元前10，000年，当时它就被涂抹在长予上杀死野兽。教授把这种毒药混合在洋葱、西瓜和酸奶里给他的妻子，后者叫喊、抓挠胸口、头晕目眩，很快就死了。
After tentative examination, the police assumed she died of heart disease. But systematic botanical analyses showed that the watermelon spit on the messy mat and the quilt was poisonous. Regardless of exhaustion and starvation, the acute and skilful policemen used radioactive equipment to make sure the category of the poison. Primitive and not ample as their alternative equipment was, they got perfect accuracy somehow.
在初步检查之后，警察设想她是死于心脏病。但是系统的植物学分析却表明，吐在凌乱的席子和被子上的西瓜有毒。敏锐而又技术娴熟的警察不顾疲劳和饥饿，用放射性的设备确定了毒素的种类。尽管可供选择的设备原始，且数量不足，他们还是设法取得了完美的准确度。
People applauded the police and the woman’s family can look ahead with relief now.
人们都为警察欢呼鼓掌，而那位女人的家人现在也可以带着欣慰为将来打算了。
在进行英语 文章 赏析的过程中,多元素互动模式的构建,有利于我们能更加准确深刻的理解文章的意思。下面是我带来的英文文章加翻译原文，欢迎阅读!英文文章加翻译原文精选 Build Me a Son塑造我的儿子 Build me a son, O Lord, who will be strong enough to know when he is weak, and brave enough to face himself when he is afraid; one who will be proud and unbending in honest defeat, and humble and gentle in victory. 主啊!求你塑造我的儿子，使他在软弱时，能够坚强不屈;在惧怕时能够勇敢自持，在正常的失败中，毫不气馁;在光明的胜利中，仍能保持谦逊温和。 Build me a son whose wishes will not take the place of deeds; a son who will know Thee... and that to know himself is the foundation stone of knowledge. 恳求你塑造我的儿子，不至空有幻想而缺乏行动;引领他认识你，同时让他知道，认识自己，才是一切知识的基石。 Lead him, I pray, not in the path of ease and comfort, but under the stress and spur of difficulties and challenge. Here, let him learn to stand up in the storm; here let him learn compassion for those that fail. 我祈求你，不要使他走上安逸、舒适之途，求你将他置于困难和挑战的磨练和激励中，求你引领他，使他学习在风暴中挺身站立，并学会怜悯那些在重压之下失败跌倒的人。 Build me a son, whose heart will be clear, whose goal will be high, a son who will master himself before he seeks to master other men; one who will reach into the future, yet never forget the past. 求你塑造我的儿子，求你让他有一颗纯洁的心，并有i在大的目标;使他在能指挥别人之前，先懂得驾驭自己;当迈入未来之际，永不忘记过去的教训。 And after all these things are his, add, I pray, enough of a sense of humor, so that he may always be serious, yet never take himself too seriously. Give him humility. so that he may always remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom and the meekness of true strength. Then, I, his father, will dare to whisper have not lived in vain." 在他，有了这些美德之后，我还要祈求你赐给他足够的幽默感，以免他过于严肃，还苛求自己。恳求你赐给他谦卑的心，使他永远记得，真正的伟大是单纯，真正的智慧是坦率，真正的力量是温和。如此，我这作父亲的，才敢低声说:"我没有虚度此生。 " 英文文章加翻译原文阅读 The World as I See It我的世界观 How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose be knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people -first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. 我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特!找们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留;目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思。只要从日常生活就可以明白:人是为别人而生存的——首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康;其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。 A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. regard class distinction as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally. 我每天上百次的提醒自己:我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人(包括生者和死者)的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈地向往着俭朴的生活。并且时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动而难以忍受。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是以暴力为根据。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。 My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. I am truly a "lone traveler" and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years. One becomes sharply aware, but without regret of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations. 我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感。但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个"孤独的旅客我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人;在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需妥保持孤独——而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心珑;但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。 英文文章加翻译原文学习 Blood, Toil, Sweet and Tears 热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪 I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. 我已告知参加新政府的各位大臣，在此我再敬告诸位议员:除了热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪，我没有其他，可以奉献。我们面临着极其严峻的考验;我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。 You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the the dark and lamentable-catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. 你们会问，我们的政策是什么?我的回答是:在陆地上、在海上、在空中作战。我们要不遗余力，凭籍上帝赐予我们的全部力量，同人类历史上空前黑暗、空前暴虐的专制制度作殊死搏斗。这就是我们的政策。 You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs -victory in spite of all terrors- victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. 你们会问，我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词作答，那就是:胜利。不惜一切代价，甘冒一切危险去夺取胜利。不论前面的道路多么漫长，多么崎岖一定要夺取胜利!因为不获得胜利就得灭亡。 Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. 我们每一个人都必须认识到:没有胜利，大英帝国将不复存在，大英帝国倡导的一切将不复存在，推动人类历史朝既定目标前进的动力将不复存在。 I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. 我满怀希望欣然承担我的使命。我确信人民不会容忍我们的事业逍遥失败。 I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength." 此时此刻，我认为我有权要求得到所有人的支持，我要说:"来吧!让我们同心协力，奋勇向前吧。 "
英语阅读，是英语学习和英语教学中的一个重要环节，它是我们获取知识、外界资讯，与外界交流的主要途径之一。我精心收集了，供大家欣赏学习! 初二英语短文带翻译篇1 Everybody needs to work hard to realize their dreams, but sometimes when they are tired and wish to get the big fortune without effort, they will naturally think about hitting the big lottery and then just get rid of working, how wonderful it is. While the fact is that hitting the lottery won’t help people get rid of poorness. A research has been done to see what happened to the persons who hit the lottery and the result surprised all the people. When the persons got the great fortune, they quit their work and just spent the money, now they are poor because they bee lazy and don’t have money. Fortune won’t fall from the sky, we need to pay our effort. 每个人都需要努力工作来实现梦想，但是有时候当他们累了，就会期望没有付出也能得到一笔巨大的财富，自然想到中彩票，然后不用工作，这是多么美好啊。然而事实就是中彩票也无法帮助人们摆脱贫困。有一项调查针对中奖的人，看看他们发生了什么事，结果让所有人吃惊。当他们得到了巨大的财富，就辞掉工作，花钱，如今他们还是贫困，因为他们变得懒惰，也没有钱。财富不会从天而降，我们需要付出劳动。 初二英语短文带翻译篇2 People tell us that we should to be a brave girl, so that we can get over the difficulties. But to be a brave girl is not easy for me, I always tell myself I must face the difficulty, but I give up in the last minute. So from today, I must learn to be a brave girl, I am not saying to be brave right now, I should take it step by step. First, I must tell myself not to fear the difficulty. When I meet the trouble, I should learn to solve it by myself instead of depending on others, so I will learn something gradually. Then I should open my mind, trying to know more things. 人们告诉我们应该成为一个勇敢的女孩，这样我们就能够克服困难。但是成为一个勇敢的女孩对我来说不容易，我总是告诉自己我必须勇敢，但是我在最后的关头放弃。因此从今天起，我必须成为一个勇敢的女孩，我并不是说立刻变得勇敢，我应该一步一步来。第一，我必须告诉自己不要害怕困难。当我到困难时，我应该学着去自己解决，而不是依赖于别人，这样我就会慢慢学到事情。然后我应该开阔我的思想，学着去了解更多的事情。 初二英语短文带翻译篇3 I am a shy girl, when my teachers ask me the questions, I will always low down my head and answer them with *** all voice. Because of my character, I miss the chances to make myself stand out and I also don’t have many friends. I really want to change my situation, I don’t want to be a stand by anymore, I want to be part of the group. So I force myself to join the class activities, I find I enjoy them and I talk to my clas *** ate a lot. I bee active and start to try more things, I take part in the debate petition and show my ability, I find my stage. 我是一个害羞的女孩,当我的老师问我问题,我总是低下我的头低, 小声音回答。因为我的性格,我错过了让自己脱颖而出的机会,我也没有很多朋友。我真的想改变我的处境,我不想成为旁观者了,我想成为班里的一部分。所以我强迫自己参加班级活动,我发现我爱上这些活动,跟同学有个很多交流。我变得活跃,开始尝试更多的东西,我参加了辩论比赛,展现我的能力,我找到舞台。 初二英语短文带翻译篇4 A lot of people plain about their situation, they think life sucks and there is nothing for them can do. But when we see the disabled who live happily and make great achievement, there is nothing for us to plain about. A disabled man who has no feet seems so miserable, but he learns the basic skills and lives as the ordinary people. His story inspires so many people, when they see him, they think what they face is nothing serious. The disabled have the strong will and invisible wings, which make them successful. So we should not plain, finding all kinds of excuses, just fight for our dreams. 很多人抱怨自己的处境,他们认为生活糟透了,没有什么可以做。但是当我们看到残疾人,幸福地生活着,并且取得伟大的成就时,我们没有什么可抱怨的了。一个残疾的人,没有脚看起来很悲惨,但他学习了生活的基本技能，像普通人那样活着。他的故事激励了很多人,当他们看到他,觉得自己面对的都不是什么问题。残疾人有着坚强的意志和隐形的翅膀,这让他们取得成功。所以我们不应该抱怨,找各种借口，要为我们的梦想而奋斗。
随着英语学习的全球化，英语阅读已经成为学习英语、获取信息的一个主要方式。本文是150词英语短文带翻译，希望对大家有帮助!
However difficult your life is, meet it and love it.
不论生活如何艰辛,你要正视它、热爱它。
Do not avoid it and call it names1. It is not as bad as you think. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.
不要躲避它,更不要用恶言咒骂它。它并不像你想象的那样坏。也许在你最富有的时候却是它看起来最贫乏的时候。吹毛求疵的人就算在天堂也能找到缺点。
Love your life. Poor sun is reflected from the windows of the almshouse as brightly as from the rich man’s house. The snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I can only see a quiet mind living as contentedly there, and have as cheerful thoughts, as in a palace.
热爱生活吧!济贫院的窗户反射的阳光同富人家窗户反射的一样明亮;春天济贫院门前的积雪也一样会早早融化。在那里,我只看到人们像住在宫殿一样,思想平静、满足,心情愉悦。
The town’s poor seem to me to live the most independent lives of any. Maybe they are simply great enough to receive without doubt. Most think that they are above being supported by the town, but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable4. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn to the old, and return to them.
在我看来城镇中的穷人往往过着最独立的生活。或许他们只是足够伟大而可以毫无疑问地接受生活。大多数人以为自己没有依赖政府救济来养活;可是事实上他们通常利用了不正当的手段来过活,这是更加不体面的。不要为了过分追求新东西而困扰你自己,无论是朋友或衣服。去找你的老朋友或者旧衣服,回归应有的生活。
Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.
东西并未改变,是我们自己变了。卖掉那些不必要的衣服吧,但是要保留你的思想
A Better Tomorrow
People often wonder why historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records.
人们常常心存疑虑,为什么历史学家要费尽周折地保存数以万计的书籍、文献和记录。
Why do we have libraries? What good are these documents and history books? Why do we record and save the actions of men, the negotiations1 of government officials and the events during wars?
我们为什么要有图书馆呢?这些文献和史书有何用处呢? 我们为什么要记载并保存人类的行为、政府官员的谈判和战争中的事件呢?
We do it because, sometimes, the voice of experience can cause us to stop, look and listen. Sometimes, past records, when understood in the right way, can help us decide what to do and what not to do. If we are ever to create lasting peace, we must seek its origins in human experience and in the records of human history.
我们这么做的原因在于有时候经验之音能促使我们停步、观察和倾听。也因为有时候过去的记载经过正确地诠释,能帮助我们决定何事可为、何事不可为。如果我们想要创造永久的和平,我们就必须从人类的经验以及人类历史的记载中去探索其渊源。
From the stories of courage and devotion of men and women, we create the inspirations of youth. History records the suffering, the self-denial2, the devotion, and the heroic deeds of people in the past. These records can help us when we are confused and when we really need peace.
从体现男性和女性勇敢和奉献精神的故事之中,我们获得了青春的启示。历史记载着人类的一切苦难、克己、忠诚和英勇的事迹。这些记载在我们困惑和渴望和平时能对我们有所帮助。
The main purpose of history is to create a better world. History gives a warning to those who promote war, and inspiration to those who seek peace.
历史的主要目的是创造一个更加美好的世界。历史对那些力主战争的人给以警告,给予那些寻求和平的人以启示。
In short, history helps us learn. Yesterday’s records can keep us from repeating yesterday’s mistakes. And from the pieces of mosaic4 assembled5 by historians come the great murals6 which represent the progress of mankind.
简而言之,历史帮助我们学习。昨日的记载可以使我们避免重蹈覆辙。这些历史学家们创作的像马赛克一样色彩缤纷的历史片断汇聚成了代表人类进步的伟大壁画。
The Power of the Dream
When someone looks into your eyes they should see something alive within you. Having a dream is like owning a lighthouse1 which directs you on your journey.
别人看你的眼睛时,他应当体会到你内心的活力。怀揣梦想就像是拥有一座引领你前行的灯塔。
At every turn we come across its mystery. At each new level we become more of the person we were meant to become. In lonely times, when we pass through a storm of disappointment, we find our faith is unshaken, our strength still strong.
每个转折关头,它给我们带来奇迹。每个新的起点,我们脱胎换骨,焕然一新。孤独中我们挺过失望的阴霾,发现我们的信念不曾动摇,我们的力量依然强大。
Believe in your faith. Set the vision before your eyes. Write down your most sincere dreams and when the opportunity comes, step into your dream. It may take one season or more, but the result is the same. Make big dreams and then go out and make them realities. The highest hopes of the dreamer are revealed with every step taken in their journey to the impossible. For a season we must protect the dream so that it can grow quietly on the inside. But if we tenderly care for our deepest expectations, slowly but surely the dream will become new life.
秉持信念,期盼未来。许下你最真诚的梦想,一旦机会来临,就为之拼搏。也许要花一季甚或更多的时间,但结局不会改变。立大志,倾全力,成现实。前途未卜,唯有一步一个脚印,梦想者的至高希冀才会实现。我们必须珍存梦想,给它一季的保护,让它在内心悄然生发。然而我们还得温柔呵护我们内心至深的期许,慢慢地梦想必将成就新的生命。
Dreaming is an act of faith. The light of your expectations will cast off the shadows of a disbelieving world. God has given us the dreamer as a gift to light an unbelieving world.
Find your treasure within and cherish2 it. Tomorrow is waiting for you to take the first step.
梦想是实现信仰的第一步。你的期待熠熠光辉,它会驱逐不信的阴影。上帝赋予我们梦想的天资,去点亮不曾确信的世界。 让梦想的财富寄于心中,珍爱它,明天正等着你跨出第一步。
在世界经济全球化及中国加入WTO的形势下,社会需要大量能够用英语在国际上进行科技、经贸、法律和 文化 等方面交流的专业人才。下面是我带来的英语 文章 阅读带翻译，欢迎阅读!英语文章阅读带翻译篇一 In the public interest The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the '.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。 英语文章阅读带翻译篇二 Instinct or cleverness? We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道(但愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢? 去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地(同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法! 英语文章阅读带翻译篇三 From the earth: greatings Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'. A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets. This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great many years before results are obtained. Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually established, astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings. They would use mathematics as this is the only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe. 天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现行星。这是一个重要的成就，因为相对来说，行星很小，而且也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难，但是要在行星上发现生命会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能够维持生命的条件。举例来说，在我们的太阳系里，对于生命来说，金星的温度太高，而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供理想的条件，而即使在这里，植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年的时间。 一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星——即它的“太阳”——的大小和亮度。设想一下，一颗恒星比我们的太阳还要大，还要亮，还要热20倍，那么一颗行星为了维持生命就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之，如果恒星很小，维持生命的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行，而且要有极好的条件才能使生命得以发展，但是，我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星呢?现在，没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课题。 使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的轨道上的望远镜——如非常成功的哈勃望远镜——也因为太阳系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳系的边缘，尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星，我们就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗，这样我们就能彻底“看见”这颗行星，并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物，而不是那种“小绿人”。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部分进程中，细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民，我们总存有这样的希望：小绿人来 拜访 我们，而我们可以和他们交流。但是，这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命，那么这个发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”