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毕业论文含英文范文

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毕业论文含英文范文

毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版(通用6篇)

转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束,我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式,那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢?下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.

So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) : I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.

The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.

In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !

today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.

the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文(精选8篇)

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束,我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文,毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧!下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文,希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

英文毕业论文致谢信范文(五篇)

【第1篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)

First of all, I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of this thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.

Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.

Last, I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

【第2篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)

I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of the thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.

I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.

I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

【第3篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)

My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis; I wish to exPss my sincere apPciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here atTai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.

Firstly, I would like to exPss my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its Psent form.

Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their Pcious suggestions for my study here.

Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.

【第4篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)

First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the completion of this thesis.

High tribute shall be paid to Ms. Geng Li, whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English.

I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me.

Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on the draft.

Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.

【第5篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)

At the very first, I am honored to exPss my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticisms with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly apPciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me complete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the completion of this thesis.

Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in coming up with ideas.

At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement.

工商管理毕业论文范文含英文

高校工商管理专业 毕业 实习的“企业实习”模式遇到了前所未有的挑战,构建工商管理专业毕业模拟实习的平台,营造工商企业经营管理情景,依托实验中心开展毕业实习将成为一种有效的毕业实习新模式。下面是我为大家推荐的工商管理专业毕业论文,供大家参考。

工商管理专业毕业论文 范文 一:企业经济发展下工商管理论文

一、工商管理的发展历史简述

市场经济的出现基于剩余价值的产生,根据市场的发展要求对其进行调整经济活动,以便争取更多的利益。市场是一只无形的手,市场经济在西方国家很普及,以至于出现了经济大危机,这也是资本经济制度本身的局限性所导致的。其实,只是靠市场进行调节人们的经济行为,在一定程度上可以给予人们更大的发展空间,但是市场毕竟是无形,需要人们去摸索,在摸索之后很容易出现盲目随大流的现象,极易造成市场混乱的局面。宋朝是我国经济最繁荣的时期,以至于出现了交子以及集市的雏形,纵观我国的历史而言,在我国的先秦两汉时期成为了我国现代工商业企业实行注册的鼻祖。到了明清时期出现了基础设备,直至民国时期才完备。它的发展主要呈现出三个趋势:

1.由小变大

随着时代的发展要求,不断充实管理部门,管理范围相应地变宽。它发挥的作用也更加细致化,更加深刻。之前主要面向私营工商业、集贸市场,而今拓展到“六道检查”甚至更多方面。同时也反映出工商管理与经济的发展亦步亦趋。

2.由单一到系统化

工商管理的最初功能是负责监督与管理,这是因为最初的经济活动不完善,比如小商贩,尤其是封建社会,我国以小农经济为基础,致使排斥商业活动,出现了严重的重农抑商现象。在之后重视经济的发展,才出现了各种经济活动,那么工商管理的职责也变得系统化。

3.由单一变多元化

工商管理的 方法 最初是单一的行政方法,在发展之后,变为行政、法律、经济、思想政治 教育 多方面的综合作用。

二、工商管理的职能分析

1.强调良好信誉制度的建立

我国经济发展在历史上错失了两次工业革命的时机,使得我国的经济发展水平落后与世界发达国家,尤其伴随着新航路的开辟,发达国家对我国进行了经济掠夺,逐步引入了西方的经济模式,在如今,我国面对形形色色的经济诱惑,需要一个正确的观念进行指导,指引整个经济的发展方向。再者,经济的发展有其本身的规律,我们应该遵循其中的发展规律,正所谓规律是客观的,违背规律而行只会适得其反。但是,这不意味着我们坐以待毙,更应该发现规律,调整规律,发挥主观能动性,更加完美地去建设经济型社会。在贸易活动中,有买方和卖方,在经营过程中,买方购买东西之后,但过一段时间,商品出现了问题,需要卖方进行退换,倘若商家不退换,那么损失的就是买方的利益,这会影响到今后的贸易活动。工商管理在这之间起着一个监督与保证的作用,让很多的消费者能够放心去购物,因为工商管理代表着他们的合法利益。这是一个信誉问题。在面对利益,很多人会变得毫无原则,那么社会就会没有原则,工商管理的存在就是要确实维护这一原则,保证更多的人的利益。

2.对于经济的管理操作

在整个社会发展的过程中,企业是重点,那么工商管理主要就是面向广大企业。始终铭记一点,工商管理的最终目标是促进社会的经济发展。企业对于社会的贡献最大,工商管理在企业繁荣时期要监督其的不正常行为,在其困难时期要主动伸出援助之手,这样可以协调整个社会的经济发展。其实工商管理的工作不是为了打击限制企业的发展,更主要的是能够规范它们的行为,只不过与企业所站的角度不同,企业是处于本身的利益,而工商管理则是整个社会。

三、工商管理对经济发展的促进作用

1.工商管理主要协调企业与执法部门之间的关系

在实际问题中,努力改变自己的工作方法,不断完善自身的服务体制,为社会创造更好的发展环境。在社会上,法律的最主要目的是规范社会秩序。随着经济的发展,往往会出现很多新问题,需要我们不断想出新的解决策略。经济的发展离不开多方面的支持,尤其是在法制社会,更离不开法律的这个坚强后盾。法律给人们提升信赖度,让更多的人愿意去参与经济活动,才使得我们整个经济发展壮大。

2.我国进行了政企改革

在政府的宏观调控下,有助于规范企业的行为,但是很容易违背市场发展规律,限制企业发展的自主性,不利于企业向更强更大的方向发展。工商管理对企业进行管理,这极大的减少了企业对政府的依赖性。工商管理的工作更加专门化,通过在平时工作中对实际的经济状况进行调查,最终取得解决结果。这样比政府直接管理更加科学、专业,对于企业的长久发展起到积极的促进作用。

3.工商管理部门还有个重要的任务是保护消费者的合法权益

通过开展宣传工作,讲法律意识深入消费者心中,让他们勇于用法律武器维护自己的和权益,有助于建立一种健康的经济关系,更为长久的经济活动发展提供了条件。

四、结语

工商管理是新时代发展的产物,我们也要对其工作不断进行调整,以便更加好地为社会经济服务。通常情况下,利益是交往的基础,可见经济在社会发展中的重要地位,工商管理在其中起着监督与管理多方面的作用,总而言之,是为了整个社会的经济正常运行。从古到今,工商管理不断进行发展,直至完善,甚至在未来会发展得更加好。不过,在具体的工作中,管理人员也要遵守社会的规则,不可逾越法律,本着认真负责的工作态度,为人民服务。工商管理工作对经济发展的积极作用是有前提条件,即工作人员兢兢业业,对人民负责。只有工商管理内部人员有很高的职业能力、道德素养,才会确保在日后的工作中为经济的发展带来极大的推动作用。

工商管理专业毕业论文范文二:农林高校工商管理论文

一、学校内部因素对农林高校工商管理学科研究生创新能力培养的影响

(一)招生制度

近年来,各农林高校研究生不断扩招,影响生源质量,特别是工商管理类研究生,由于报名门槛较低以及在当今社会热门度较高,吸引了大量的考生报考。研究生初试阶段的考试难以反映考生的真实水平,初试内容主要靠死记硬背,主要考察学生对知识的记忆,没有考察学生对知识的运用以及分析、解决问题的能力,无法有效考验出学生的学术和科研能力,入学考试过于强调英语成绩,这样很可能把一些具有 创新思维 但英语稍逊的学生拒之门外。复试环节的作用没有得到充分体现,多数高校复试内容和形式仍比较单一,不变的题型以及提问的偶然性难以考察学生的真实水平,并且复试过程缺乏对考生实践能力的考察,因此难以达到选拔创新人才的目的。

(二)研究生导师

在我国农林类高校工商管理研究生培养上,许多高校工商管理研究生导师有这样的观点,认为工商管理研究生学习阶段时间比较短,一般多为2年,最多为3年,并且上课时间占总时间比例比较大,并且很多工商管理研究生以前并没有从事过科研工作,在读研究生期间也做不了多少科研工作,更不用说高质量、创新型科研项目了,这样就导致了工商管理研究生导师在研究生培养中对学生要求不是很严格,学生在潜意识上也存在松懈的消极态度,使一些工商管理研究生无法做到积极主动的进行创新型科研,这对于提高工商管理学科研究生整体质量,特别是对工商管理研究生开展具有较高质量和一定创新科学研究能力的培养是很不利的。另外,研究生导师数量严重不足影响研究生培养的质量,随着研究生招生规模的不断扩大,研究生人数激增,但是研究生导师相对不足,这样一个导师将会带几名学生,导师就不能很好的顾及到每一名学生,导致了工商管理学科研究生培养质量不高。

(三)课程与教学内容

国内部分农林类高校工商管理学科的课程与教学内容不尽合理,主要表现为:

(1)目前国内工商管理研究生课程内容较为简单,多以理论为主,缺乏实践性课程,不利于拓宽学生的知识面。

(2)根据工商管理学科特点,其综合性、交叉性较强,但在课程的设置上忽视了学科渗透以及文理交叉,跨学科、跨专业课程开设较少,使学生对本专业知识与相关专业知识的内在联系了解不足。

(3)许多高校开展工商管理学术交流严重不足,这样使工商管理研究生无法更全面的了解到本学科的最新、最前沿的学术动态,不利于学生创新型学习。因此,工商管理学科研究生课程安排与教学内容缺少科学合理性,严重抑制了学生创新能力的提高,不利于农林类高校整体水平的提升。

(四)科研实践

工商管理学科研究生大量参与科研工作不仅是工商管理研究生培养的重要特色,更是工商管理研究生创新能力形成的重要途径。改善工商管理研究生科学研究方法,鼓励学生参与科研实践,注重团队协作,有利于培养工商管理研究生的创新能力。但是在国内许多高校忽略科研方法的重要作用,学生缺乏自主学习能力,忽视实验室建设,没有形成凝聚力强的科研团队,缺少团队协作精神,学生的独立学习能力、科研钻研能力以及实际工作能力都有待提高。许多高校与工业,农业,商业以及各类新兴产业缺少联系互动,不重视学校与企业的联系,因此无法在实践中锻炼学生的创新能力。缺乏科研实践,阻碍工商管理研究生创新能力培养的顺利进行。

(五)学校环境

1.教室、实验室、教学仪器设备、图书馆藏书等设施对工商管理研究生的创新研究相当重要,良好的基础设施建设更加有利于学生的学习和生活,更加方便老师授课,是教育教学质量提高的有力保障。

2.高校的学术氛围也是影响工商管理研究生创新研究的因素之一,在良好的学术氛围下,更加有利于学生及时地了解工商管理学科前沿动态,以此激发学生的创新思维,有利于学生进行创新研究。但目前,我国部分农林高校基础教育设施有待完善,工商管理学科开展的学术活动及讲座较少,以至于农林类高校工商管理研究生视野狭小,因此,难以实现学科创新研究。

(六)科研课题经费

目前,部分农林高校科研课题经费不足,严重制约我国工商管理学科研究生创新能力培养。学生参与科研课题,不仅能够强化创新意识,还能提高创新能力。而科研课题的完成需要一定的经费支撑,但是目前我国工商管理学科研究生培养中科研课题经费不足是个普遍现象。许多学校更加倾向于把较多的科研经费投入到短期内能看见成果的、或者是收益巨大的项目上去,比如自然科学研究项目,而对见效慢,成果不显著的工商管理类研究并不是那么感兴趣。科研课题经费的缺乏,不利于学生的科学研究,打击了学生科研的积极性,很大程度上影响了工商管理研究生创新能力的培养。

二、学生自身因素对农林高校工商管理学科研究生创新能力培养的影响

(一)传统思想的束缚

工商管理学科研究生的自身因素也是影响其创新能力培养的重要方面。我国工商管理研究生由于受传统教育思想和陈旧观念的束缚,在当今应试教育的体制下,他们在处理问题的时候往往是简单的模仿、循规蹈矩、思维守旧、不敢打破常规来解决问题。这样极大地束缚了学生的思维,导致其在学习及从事科研工作时不懂变通,普遍缺乏创新意识,不利于其创新能力的提升。

(二)生源多样化

随着工商管理学科研究生规模的不断扩招,使得工商管理研究生生源也渐渐开始出现多样化倾向。工商管理学科研究生招生考试是面向全社会各阶层,这样学生来自社会不同领域,基础不统一,层次不均匀,年龄跨度大,很难统一授课。很多工商管理研究生在学校外有工作,有的学生组建了自己的家庭,生活负担比较沉重,这样就不能全身心的投入到工商管理学科科研创新研究中去了,使他们失去了很多锻炼和培养自身创新能力的机会。

(三)缺乏学术道德

由于当前社会生活压力不断增大,社会经济发展速度较快,物质生活比以前更加丰富,导致很多工商管理研究生不能安心做学问,内心浮躁,写论文、做课题并没有进行相关的实践调研,而是剽窃、抄袭他人的研究成果,缺乏良好的学术道德,不利于学生进行创新型科研实践,这样严重影响了工商管理研究生创新能力的培养。

一、毕业论文结构(一)毕业论文项目完整的毕业论文由一系列项目构成,这些项目应包括:封面、中文内容提要及关键词、英文内容提要及关键词、目录、正文、注释、附录、参考文献、致谢,其中"注释"与"附录"是具体情况安排,其余各项均为必备项目。(二)项目含义1、封面包括文头、论文标题、作者、专业、年级、学号、指导教师、分校。2、中文内容提要及关键词内容提要是对论文的概括性描述,自述在300至500字之间;关键词是从论文标题、内容提要或正文中提取的、能表达论文主题的、具有实质意义的词语,一般不超过7个。3、英文内容提要及关键词它的内容提要(Abstract)和关键词(Key words)由中文翻译而成。4、目录包括论文的一级标题、二级标题、三级标题的名称以及对应的页码;附录、参考文献的对应页码。5、正文它是论文的主干部分,由绪论、本论、结论三部分组成,这三部分在行文上可以不明确标示,但各部分内容应以若干层次的标题来表示,正文字数在7000字以上。6、注释它是对论文中所应用的名词术语的解释,或是对引文出处的说明,采用脚注形式。7、附录它是对正文起补充说明作用的信息材料,可以采用文字、图形、表格等形式。8、参考文献它是作者在写作过程中使用过的文章、著作等名录。9、致谢它是作者对在论文写作过程中给予指导帮助的人员表示感谢。二、编排格式(一)版式与用字文字、图形一律从左至右衡写横排。文字一律通栏编辑,适用规范的简化汉字,忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。(二)编排式样及字体号1、封面(1)文头封面顶部居中,3号宋体加粗,上下各空一行,固定内容为"东北财经大学本科毕业论文"。(2)论文标题论文标题用2号黑体加粗,在文头下居中,上下各空两行。(3)论文副标题论文副标题用小2号黑体加粗,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。(4)其余项目作者、专业、年级、学号、指导教师、分校的项目名称用3号黑体,内容用3号楷体,在正副标题下居依次排列,各占一行。2、中文内容提要及关键词另起一页。论文标题用3号黑体,顶部居中,上下各空一行;"内容提要"的内容用5号宋体,每段起首空两格,回行顶格;"关键词"三字用4号黑体,内容用5号黑体,一般不超过7个词,词间空一格。3、英文内容提要及关键词另起一页。"内容提要"项目名称规定为"Abstract",顶部居中,用3号Arial字体,加粗;"内容提要"的内容用5号Arial字体,标点符号用英文形式。4、目录另起一页。"目录"项目名称用3号黑体加粗,顶部居中;内容用小4号仿宋体。5、正文另起一页。(1)论文标题用3号黑体加粗,顶部居中排列,上下各空一行;(2)文字用5号宋体,每段起首空两格,回行顶格,倍行距;(3)正文文中标题一级标题:标题序号为"一",用5号宋体加粗,独占行,末尾不加标点;二级标题:标题序号为"(一)",用5号宋体加粗,独占行,末尾不加标点;三级标题:标题序号为"1、",用5号宋体加粗,可根据标题的长短决定是否独占行,若独占行,则末尾不加标点,若不独占行,标点后面须加句号。四级标题:标题序号为"(1)",用5号宋体,要求与三级标题相同;五级标题:标题序号为"①",用5号宋体,要求与三级标题相同。注:每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。(4)注释正文中加注之处右上角加数码,形式为"①"或"(1)",同时在本页留出适当行数,用横线与正文分开,空两格后写出相应的注号,再写注文。注号以页为单位排序,每个注文各占一段,用小5号宋体。引用著作时,注文的顺序为:作者、书名、出版单位、出版时间、页码,中间用逗号分隔;引用文章时,注文的顺序为:作者、文章标题、刊物名、期数,中间用逗号分隔。(5)附录"附录"项目名称用4号黑体加粗,在正文后面空两行顶格排列,内容编排参考正文。(6)参考文献"参考文献" 项目名称用4号黑体加粗,在正文或附录后面空两行顶格排列;另起一行空两格用5号宋体排列参考文献内容,具体编排方式同注释。(7)致谢另起一页。"致谢"项目名称用4号黑体加粗,另起一行空两格用5号宋体编排内容,回行顶格。6、表格正文或附录种的表格一般包括表头和表体两部分,编排的基本要求是:(1)表头包括表号、标题、计量单位,用小5号黑体,在表体上方与表格线等宽编排。其中,表号居左,格式为"表1",全文表格连续编号;标题居中,格式为"××表";计量单位居右,参考格式为"计量单位:元"。(2)表体表体的上下端线一律使用粗实线(磅),其余表线用细实线(磅),表的左右两端不应封口(没有左右边线)。表中数码文字一律使用小5号字。表格中的文字要注意上下居中与对齐,数码位数应对齐。7、图形图形的插入方式为上下环绕,左右居中。文章中的图形应统一编号并加图名,格式为"图1 ××图",用小5号黑体在图的下方居中编排。8、数字文章中的数字,除了部分结构层次序数词、词组、惯用词、缩略语、具有修辞色彩语句中作为词素的数字、模糊数字必须使用汉字外,其他均应使用阿拉伯数字。同一文中,数字的表示方式应前后一致。9、标点符号文章中的标点符号应正确使用,忌误用、混用标点符号,中英文标点符号应加以区分。10、计量单位除特殊需要,论文中的计量单位应使用法定计量单位。11、页码论文全文应连续页码,单面页码位置在右下角。(三)印刷与装订论文一律用A4纸打印,一律在左侧装订,打印件一式三份。

工商管理英语作文,我为您分享以下的范文三篇,欢迎阅读参考。

工商管理英语作文范文三篇

篇一

Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents

Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cites the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is

losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.

It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year olds and utterly selfish.

The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior.

Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be

conveniently forgotten.

It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally

accepted could only have dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.

篇二

Parents Are Too Permissive With Their Children Nowadays There are countless articles on child care in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don't know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood,

the kids are in charge and parents' lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears

develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against

parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the

house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?

Children are hardy creatures and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own

age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.

The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps there's some truth in the idea that children who've had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood emerge like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life.

篇三

People Should Be Rewarded According To Ability, Or To Age and Experience

Young men and women join the hierarchy and take their place in the queue. They go to the very end of the queue and stay there no matter how brilliant they are. What they know is much less important than whom they know and how old they are. What they know is much less important than whom they know and how old they are. If they are able, their abilities will be acknowledged and rewarded in due course - that is, after twenty or thirty years have passed.

There seems to be a gigantic conspiracy against young people. While on the one hand society provides them with better educational facilities, on the other it does its best to exclude them from the jobs that really matter. There are exceptions, of course. Some young people do manage to break through the barrier despite the restriction, but the great majority have to wait patiently for years before they can really give full rein to their abilities. This means that, in most fields, the views of young people are never heard because there is no one to represent them. President Kennedy was one of the notable exceptions. One of the most tragic aspects of his assassination is that mankind was deprived of a youthful leader.

Resentment is the cause of a great deal of bitterness. The young resent the old because they feel deprived of the good things life has to offer. The old resent the young because they are afraid of losing what they have. A man of fifty or so might say, 'Why should a young rascal straight out of school out of school earn more than I do? But if the young rascal is more able, more determined, harder-working than his middle-aged critic, why shouldn't he? Employers should recognize ability and reward it justly. This would remove one of the biggest causes of friction between old and young and ultimately it would lead to a better society.'

每个学校都不一样的,你们学校没有统一格式要求吗?

毕业论文范文含前言

学术论文的前言也被称为序言。在主体之前有一小段。序列号0。引言部分是本文的引言,旨在说明本文的研究进展,引起读者的兴趣,充当文本的提纲,引导读者的阅读兴趣。在写介绍之前,您应该澄清一些基本问题: 您想在本文中说明什么?新发现是什么,有什么学术价值吗?读完前言,一般读者将有一个清楚的理解为什么作者选择的研究题目。因此,在撰写前言之前,我们应该尽可能多地了解相关内容,收集以往和他人工作的主要数据,说明这一研究假设的合理性。

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

随着全球经济一体化的逐步深入和中国加入WTO,企业间的竞争越来越激烈,竞争的手段也由传统的原材料和人工成本降低转向物流配送和供应链管理水平的高低,竞争的重点正由前台转向后台,物流配送能力已成为企业的核心竞争力。虽然物流概念在20世纪80年代初就从国外引入我国,并建立了一批符合现代物流要求的企业,但是我国现代物流的发展却是90年代后期才开始的。近年来,从国家到地方到企业都在开始发展现代物流业,在经济较为发达的地区如上海、深圳、都已明确提出现代物流业是本地区的重要(支柱)产业之一,要建立一批现代化的物流中心。但是与发达国家相比,我国物流配送还很落后,物流企业无论在企业规模还是在服务的范围和质量上都是有很大的差距。为了推动我国物流业的发展,提高我国物流配送水平,国家计委批准在深圳市建立一座先进的示范推广的物流配送中心(以下简称W物流配送中心),笔者有幸作为W物流配送中心项目负责人,主持了项目的规划与建设工作,期间的一些感受和体会,可能对正在或将要从事物流配送中心规划与建设的企业有一定启示。W物流配送中心是国家1999年高技术产业化示范项目,深圳市1999年和2000年重点建设项目。经过两年多的建设,于2001年3月建成投入使用。W物流配送中心作为现代化的第三方物流配送中心拥有7000多m2的仓库,拥有国内第一套电子标签系统(DPS),拥有大型等离子作业显示屏(PDP)、电动叉车、滑动货架、托盘货架等一批先进的物流设备,配备有中日合作开发的先进的多媒体综合物流信息系统,主要从事加工食品、电器和日化用品的城市配送,自去年3月投入使用以来,运营状况良好,正在为一批国内外知名企业开展城市配送,客户满意度很高。

毕业论文前言的写作要点有:

1、引言作为论文的开头,以简短的篇幅介绍论文的写作背景和目的,缘起和提出研究要求的现实情况,以及相关领域内前人所做的工作和研究的概况,说明本研究与前工作的关系,目前的研究热点、存在的问题及作者的工作意义,引出本文的主题给读者以引导。

2、引言也可点明本文的理论依据、实验基础和研究方法,简单阐述其研究内容;三言两语预示本研究的结果、意义和前景,但不必展开讨论。前言在内容上应包括:为什么要进行这项研究立题的理论或实践依据是什么拟创新点理论与(或)实践意义是什么。

3、首先要适当介绍历史背景和理论根据,前人或他人对本题的研究进展和取得的成果及在学术上是否存在不同的学术观点。明确地告诉读者你为什么要进行这项研究,语句要简洁、开门见山。

如果研究的项目是别人从未开展过的,这时创新性是显而易见的,要说明研究的创新点。但大部分情况下,研究的项目是前人开展过的,这时一定要说明此研究与被研究的不同之处和本质上的区别,而不是单纯的重复前人的工作。

毕业论文范文含目录

点我用户名,空间博文有介绍详细各种论文检测系统软件介绍见我空间各种有效论文修改秘籍

长篇毕业论文的目录格式范文

转眼间大学生活即将结束,毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?下面是我精心整理的长篇毕业论文的目录格式范文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

一般说来,篇幅较长的毕业论文,都没有分标题。设置分标题的论文,因其内容的层次较多,整个理论体系较庞大、复杂,故通常设目录。

设置目录的目的主要是:

1、使读者能够在阅读该论文之前对全文的内容、结构有一个大致的了解,以便读者决定是读还是不读,是精读还是略读等。

2、为读者选读论文中的某个分论点时提供方便。长篇论文,除中心论点外,还有许多分论点。当读者需要进一步了解某个分论点时,就可以依靠目录而节省时间。

目录一般放置在论文正文的前面,因而是论文的导读图。要使目录真正起到导读图的作用,必须注意:

1、准确。

目录必须与全文的.纲目相一致。也就是说,本文的标题、分标题与目录存在着一一对应的关系。

2、清楚无误。

目录应逐一标注该行目录在正文中的页码。标注页码必须清楚无误。

3、完整。

目录既然是论文的导读图,因而必然要求具有完整性。也就是要求文章的各项内容,都应在目录中反映出来,不得遗漏。

目录有两种基本类型:

1、用文字表示的目录。

2、用数码表示的目录。这种目录较少见。但长篇大论,便于读者阅读,也有采用这种方式的。

毕业论文论文摘要目录范例

论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是没有经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时难顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。下面是关于2016毕业论文论文摘要目录范例的范文,供大家阅读参考。

在工程项目造价控制的全过程中,一旦项目做出投资决策,控制项目造价的关键就在于设计阶段。国内外研究表明:占总费用不到 3%的设计阶段,对整个项目全生命周期成本的影响却超过 70%.然而在实际工作中,由于对设计阶段造价控制的轻视,以及对设计阶段造价控制的方法和制度缺乏深入的研究,造成了诸多建设过程中造价失控的现象。而限额设计方法作为设计阶段造价控制的最有效方法之一,在我国工程实际应用中虽取得一定的成效,但仍有较大的改进空间。

目 录

摘 要

第一章 绪论

研究的背景

研究的意义

国内外研究现状

国外研究现状

国内研究现状

研究的`目的和内容

研究的目的

研究的内容

研究的方法及技术路线

研究的方法

研究的技术路线

本章小结

第二章 建设工程设计阶段造价控制概述

建设工程造价的概述

工程造价的概念

工程造价的构成

工程造价的特点

建设工程造价控制的概述

建设工程造价控制的概念

工程造价控制的一般程序

建设工程造价控制的目标

国内工程造价控制的现状

基于设计阶段的造价控制概述

建筑工程设计的概念

设计阶段的主要内容

设计阶段影响工程造价的主要因素

国内设计阶段的造价控制的工作流程

方案设计阶段的造价控制任务及流程

初步设计阶段的造价控制任务及流程

施工图设计阶段的造价控制任务及流程

本章小结

第三章 设计阶段造价控制的相关理论

限额设计

限额设计的概念

限额设计的特点

限额设计造价控制的过程

限额设计的不足

价值工程

价值工程的概念

价值工程的原理

价值工程的工作程序

价值工程在设计阶段的应用

质量功能展开(QFD)法

QFD 的概念

QFD 的原理

QFD 的效果

全生命周期成本(LCC)理论

全生命周期成本的概念

全生命周期成本的计算

全生命周期成本的在设计阶段的应用

各方法应用对比分析

本章小结

第四章 限额设计方法的改进

限额设计方法改进的理论思路

建筑工程限额设计中限额的确定

QFD 法确定设计限额的工作流程

建立建筑工程质量表

确定各质量需求项重要度

建立质量需求与质量特性关系矩阵并计算

建筑工程限额设计中限额的分配

现行设计限额分配方法存在的不足

运用价值工程原理分配限额

功能目标成本的综合修正

本章小结

第五章 改进后的限额设计方法案例分析

工程概况

设计限额的确定

建立住宅工程质量表

确定质量需求重要度

建立质量需求与质量特性关系矩阵并计算

分析数据确定设计限额

设计限额的分配

功能定义与评价

相似工程的数据统计分析

功能目标成本的综合修正

本章小结

拓展资料:

2022毕业论文格式

一、 论文的格式要求

1.论文用A4纸打印;

2.论文标题居中,小二号黑体(加粗) ,一般中文标题在二十字以内;

4.副标题四号,宋体,不加粗,居中

5.论文内容摘要、关键词、参考文献、正文均统一用四号,宋体(不加粗);大段落标题加粗;

6.页码统一打在右下角,格式为“第×页 共×页” ;

7.全文行间距为1倍行距

8.序号编排如下:

一、(前空二格)――――――――――――此标题栏请加粗

(一) (前空二格)

1.(前空二格)

(1) (前空二格)

二、 内容摘要、关键词

内容摘要是对论文内容准确概括而不加注释或者评论的简短陈述,应尽量反映论文的主要信息。内容摘要篇幅以150字左右为宜。关键词是反映论文主题内容的名词,一般选用3-4个,每个关键词之间用分号隔开。关键词排在摘要下方。“内容摘要”和“关键词”本身要求用[关键词][内容摘要](综括号、四号、宋体、加粗)。

三、正文部分

正文是论文的核心,要实事求是,准确无误,层次分明,合乎逻辑,简练可读。字数不少于3000字。

文字要求规范;所有文字字面清晰,不得涂改。

数字用法 :公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻和各种计数与计量,均用阿拉伯数字。年份不能简写,如2015年不能写成15年。

四、参考文献

参考文献其他部分统一使用四号宋体不加粗。“参考文献”本身要求用参考文献:(四号、宋体,加粗)。

五、致谢

致谢

两字本身用四号,宋体,加粗,居中。内容为四号宋体,不加粗。

毕业论文范文含图和表

大学生毕业论文范文及格式模板

一、论文写作要求

1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,言简意赅,引人注目,一般不宜超过20个字。

例(题目:大叶藻移植技术的初步研究)

2、论文摘要和关键词。

论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。

关键词 是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句,一般3-5个。

3、目录。既是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,应标注相应页码。

4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。

5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。

6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整,应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解,以及在本领域的意义。

7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。

(参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为:

[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

参考文献是图书时,书写格式为:

[编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。)

8、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。

二、论文格式要求

1、本科毕业论文格式要求:

装订顺序:目录–内容提要–正文–参考文献–写作过程情况表–指导教师评议表

参考文献应另起一页。

纸张型号:A4纸。A4 210×297毫米

论文份数:一式三份。

其他(调查报告、学习心得):一律要求打印。

2、论文的封面由学校统一提供。(或听老师的安排)

3、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括“参考文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman字体。

4、字体要求:

(1)论文标题2号黑体加粗、居中。

(2)论文副标题小2号字,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。

(3)填写姓名、专业、学号等项目时用3号楷体。

4)内容提要3号黑体,居中上下各空一行,内容为小4号楷体。

(5)关键词4号黑体,内容为小4号黑体。

(6)目录另起页,3号黑体,内容为小4号仿宋,并列出页码。

(7)正文文字另起页,论文标题用3号黑体,正文文字一般用小4 号宋体,每段首起空两个格,单倍行距。

(8)正文文中标题

一级标题:标题序号为“一、”, 4号黑体,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。

二级标题:标题序号为“(一)”与正文字号相同,独占行,末尾不加标点符号。

三级标题:标题序号为“ 1. ”与正文字号、字体相同。

四级标题:标题序号为“(1)”与正文字号、字体相同。

五级标题:标题序号为“ ① ”与正文字号、字体相同。

(9)注释:4号黑体,内容为5号宋体。

(10)附录: 4号黑体,内容为5号宋体。

(11)参考文献:另起页,4号黑体,内容为5号宋体。

(12)页眉用小五号字体打印“上海复旦大学XX学院2007级XX专业学年论文”字样,并左对齐。

5、 纸型及页边距:A4纸(297mm×210mm)。

6、页边距:天头(上)20mm,地角(下)15mm,订口(左)25mm,翻口(右)20mm。

7、装订要求:先将目录、内容摘要、正文、参考文献、写作过程情况表、指导教师评议表等装订好,然后套装在学校统一印制的论文封面之内(用胶水粘贴,订书钉不能露在封面外)。

1.纸张与页面设置

(1)A4,纵向;

(2)页边距:上,下2cm,左侧,右侧2cm

2.页眉

(1)设置:

(2)字体:统一使用汉语:小五号宋体。

(3)分割线:3磅双线;

(4)内容:××学院本科期末论文,居中。

3.页脚

内容:页码,居中。

4.论文基本内容与要求

(1)论文题目:单独成行,居中,日语:小2号黑体;英语:Times New Roman 18号;

(2)作者姓名:另起一行,居中,日语:小4号宋体;英语:Times New Roman 12号;

(3)内容提要:另起一行,日语:4号黑体,内容为小4号黑体,长度要求150字以上;英语:Times New Roman 12号,长度要求在100字左右;

(4)关键词:另起一行,日语:4号黑体,3-5个关键词,每个关键词之间用“;”分割,内容为小4号黑体;英语Times New Roman 12号;

(5)正文

正文部分的要求如下:①正文部分与“关键词”行间空两行;②日语正文文字采用小四号宋体;英语正文文字采用Times New Roman 12号,标题日语采用四号黑体,英语采用Times New Roman 14号,每段首起空两格,倍行距;③段落间层次要分明,题号使用要规范。理工类专业毕业设计,可以结合实际情况确定具体的序号与层次要求;④文字要求:文字通顺,语言流畅,无错别字,无违反政治上的原则问题与言论,要采用计算机打印文稿;⑤图表要求:所有图表、线路图、流程图、程序框图、示意图等不准用徒手图,必须按国家规定的工作要求采用计算机或手工绘图,图表中的.文字日语用小五号宋体;英语采用Times New Roman 号;图表编号要连续,如图1、图2等,表1、表2等;图的编号放在图的下方,表的编号放在表的上方,表的左右两边不能有边;⑥字数要求:一般不少于1500(按老师要求);⑦学年论文引用的观点、数据等要注明出处,一律采用尾注。

汉语言文学领域和信息化的结合,是当今社会发展的必然趋势,也是培养全能型汉语言人才的重要途径。下面是我为大家整理的汉语言文学 毕业 论文,供大家参考。

汉语言文学教学中审美 教育 渗透

摘要:汉语言文学是中华民族的伟大瑰宝,可以有效地提升学生的个人人文修养和自我审美意识。在汉语言文学的教学过程中,教师需要结合学生的实际学习能力和审美能力,将审美教育完美地融入汉语言文学的教学中。本文主要以审美教育为前提,详细地从四个方面来阐述了审美教育在汉语言文学教学中的有效开展和完美渗透,旨在更好的指导学生提升自己的综合素质。

关键词:审美教育;汉语言文学教学;渗透性

汉语言文学是高校课程中的重要科目之一,更是素质教育的重要组成部分。在教学的过程中,教师要注意将审美教育融入汉语言文学教学活动当中,使学生能通过文学作品来提升一定的审美能力,从而感受中华 文化 的博大精深。

一、挖掘文本中的审美因素,培养学生的审美意识

汉语言文字本身就是一种美,而文学作品也带有自身的审美因素,它们是各个作家智慧与审美的结晶。在汉语言文学的教学过程中,教师要充分地去利用这一点,不能完全的进行“照本宣科”,教师要注意挖掘汉语言文学教学中的具体的内容和字眼,组织学生体会其中的内涵和延伸意义,观察作品中所使用的文学表现形式以及文学作品内在的结构,从而去挖掘作品中的审美因素,以此来吸引学生自主地去发现作品的美,从而情不自禁地产生审美意识,在这日积月累的过程中来提升自己的审美的能力。比如,在古代文学《唐诗三百首全卷》中李白的《行路难》中,诗人用“冰塞川”、“雪满山”来象征人生道路上的艰难险阻,大有比兴的意蕴。试想,一个怀有伟大政治抱负的人物,在受诏入京、有幸接近皇帝的时候,却不能任用,被“赐金还山”,变相撵出了长安,这不正是遇到了冰塞黄河、雪拥太行吗?后“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海”这句话,诗人更是借助云帆、长风以及沧海这样的意象,来描述出了诗人美好的愿景,忽隐忽现的云帆正在他心中的憧憬。教师就是要注意挖掘教学内容中的小细节,来培养学生的审美意识。

二、注重教学中的方式革新,激发学生的审美兴趣

若要在汉语言文学的教学活动中不动声色地渗透审美教育,首先教师要对汉语言文学教学的方式进行一定的创新;同时还要结合学生个人的认知水平和身心发展来展开教学,让学生自主参与到其中。在教学的过程中,教师可以增加一些互动的环节,从而来调动学生的参与热情。我们的教学要把重心由听讲放到理解上,在课堂上可以随机安排学生进行部分作品初理解的分享与交流。只有在汉语言文学的教学过程中采取多样化的教学方式,才可以在潜移默化的影响中激发学生的审美兴趣。例如,在汉语言文学教学活动当中,可以通过将名人 故事 教学法、多媒体教学法等教学方式来融入汉语言文学教学活动中。像讲到新月派的现代格律诗的时候,谈到了《徐志摩诗集》,学生可能因为之前了解他因接受过西方的教育,擅长写一些浪漫的诗文,如《再别康桥》。但是理解还是浅层次的,那么我将徐志摩的一生在不同的时期遇到的不同女人而写作风格的不同变化一一呈现开来,徐志摩与张幼仪、林徽因、凌淑华、陆小曼四个女人之间的 爱情故事 以及作品的不同特征讲,学生听的也入迷,自然也会激发去自主阅读更多的格律诗歌。

三、利用作品内的作者情感,锻炼学生的审美鉴赏

不同的时代有着不同的文学,也因为不同的作家给我们文学的世界带来了不一样的审美景观。汉语言文学中很多作品中所描述的场景或意境,无一例外都是作者真实的生活经历或者内心写照,带有着强烈的时代感。因此,教师在进行汉语言文学教学的过程中,不仅仅是解读作家的文学作品,而是要解读作家本身的情感。通过作品帮助学生走到作者所描述的意境中,去感受作者当时在写作时的某种情感。要体验到作者所要表达的文学内涵和深刻情感,就靠教师对于学生审美鉴赏的锻炼了,以此方可追求更深层次的美。比如,在1980年的中国文学就是倾向于对于历史的沉思,以至于整个时代的主旋律为审美中的沉思。通过作家创作的角度看出,历史的沉思以及政治的拨乱反正也正是赋予文学创作的心灵呼唤。像卢新华的《伤痕》,高晓声的《陈奂生上城》、柯云路的《新星》、张宇的《疼痛与抚摸》等,在这些作品当中,作家的感情是充分流露出来的。正是由于对人生解放的追求,以及对直面人生的审美沉思,才使得那个年代的作品富有了独特的意味和自身的特点。教师可以教学生从作者的感情入手,来锻炼审美鉴赏。

四、引导学生来自由想象,提高学生的审美能力

一定的文学作品其实都是作者内心思想感情的物化。很多教师在进行汉语言文学讲课的时候过于重视一些纯粹地理论性知识,忽视了学生的实际生活和自身实践,这样就导致了整个文学课堂的“满堂灌”现象和全班学生的“有口说不出”的尴尬境地。在汉语言文学的教学活动当中,教师一定要借助熟悉的实物或者情境,联系学生的日常生活,避免纯粹的理论呈现,使学生能够对汉语言文学产生深刻的理解和认识,发散学生的思维能力和想象能力,提升学生审美能力和观察能力,真正达到审美教育的目的。比如,在曹雪芹《红楼梦》中,其实有很多地方就是通过梦境来表现了主题和人物心理的场景,教师可以引导学生进行大胆的思维拓展,站在作者的角度进行遐想。像中间秦可卿将宝玉安排到自己卧室,然后宝玉就做了梦,梦中与可卿有了儿女之事。让学生通过这个场景来猜想秦可卿这个人物。就有同学说,这个人物应该是有原型的,是曹家实有的一个袅娜纤巧的人,而雪芹可能在少年时代也曾被她所痴迷,长大后通过理性的分析,出来了红楼梦中的可卿。苏霍姆林斯基曾经说过:“没有美育的教育就不是教育。”所以,在学习汉语言文学的过程中,教师一定要充分利用文学的优势和特点,对学生进行一定的审美教育,培养学生的审美情趣,提高学生的综合素养。

参考文献:

[1]徐武生.浅谈语文教学中如何进行审美教育[J].现代语文:教学研究版,201(24)

[2]王尹华.汉语言文学教学与审美教育刍议[J].北方文学,201(52)[3]师会敏.美育视野中的文艺学课程教学改革[J].教育与职业,201(335)

汉语言文学专业学生写作能力培养思考

摘要:写作能力是当今社会判断汉语言文学专业人才的一个重要标准,也是汉语言文学专业学生的一项专业技能以及进行日常学习的一个基本要求。本文将通过几个方面就汉语言文学专业学生写作能力培养 方法 进行分析探讨。

关键词:汉语言文学;写作能力;关键问题

汉语言文学专业面向就业方向比较广泛,涉及教育、传媒、出版、文秘和行政管理等行业,社会需求量也相对较大,而这些岗位对就业人员的重要要求就是具备较强的写作能力,即便是在信息化飞速发展的今天,写作能力也不能被信息技术所取代,所以,加强汉语言文学专业学生的写作能力成为社会发展需求的一个必然趋势。

1注重教学的长效机制,开启写作系列课程

随着科技进步,我们越来越多的学生是在互联网的影响下成长的,而传统的教学模式已经显得难以适应当下的发展。汉语言文学专业学生写作能力的培养,应该跟上社会发展的节奏,不能仅仅局限于大一对学生写作能力进行远达不到目的的加强培训课程,需要针对汉语言文学专业传统教学模式中仅开一门基础课、并只开一学期,在有限的课时内根本无法达到提高学生写作能力目的的方式作出改变,重新建立更具科学合理性的有效教学方案。注重将课堂的专业知识与课外知识相结合,设置写作系列课程,将汉语言文学专业学生的写作训练从大一一直贯穿到大四,形成具有长效机制的写作能力提高教学模式。

培养基础技能。

在大学的第一年,首先要培养学生“会写”的基础,培养学生基本的写作能力。这一阶段主要是讲授基本的写作理论知识,培养学生广泛阅读优秀作品的好习惯,在长期阅读中积累素材,拓宽自己的视野,加强学生对 文章 的理解和欣赏力。在这个阶段里奠定基本的写作理论,引导学生进行自由的写作训练,题材不限,形成长效训练机制。倡导学生组成兴趣小组,积极对写作技巧进行沟通交流,通过基础训练的积累和点评,奠定良好的写作基础。

进行技能训练。

在大学第二年,对学生的写作技能进行重点培养。教师可以设置专项训练,让学生们在其中对写作要求进行理解和掌握,比如:写作的基本内容包括什么样的文体?涉及怎样的写作风格?内容要以什么样的情绪呈现?接着训练学生对文章的猜想构思能力、应用分析能力、抒发表达能力、素材积累应用能力等。通过这样的方式来进一步加强学生对不同文体的写作能力,包括应用文写作、新闻写作、文学创作等。

进行技能提升。

大学的第三年,要对学生进行时间的合理分配进行指导,在这个阶段中有效提升自己身的专业技能。通过前面两年对专业知识的认识和积累,通过拓展来提升自己对文学的鉴赏力。通过多种文体以及不断的写作练习,提升不同文体的写作技能水平,包括诗歌、小说、 散文 、戏剧等文学体裁的写作。要对自身所学到的专业知识进行充分利用,加强评论性文体的写作实践,通过多次的训练,不断提高自身对多种文体的写作能力,从实践中找到写作的技巧。

写作成果验收。

大四时大学的最后阶段,学生要利用好自己所学到的专业知识技能独立完成毕业论文的写作。老师通过学生完成的毕业论文的反馈信息来评定学生是否具备较强的写作应用能力,例如:学生可以通过实习实践,对自身的应用文写作水平进行实战演练,最后以毕业论文的写作来考究学生的写作能力。老师可以推荐一些高素质的学生在学术刊物上发表论文,在利于学术交流的同时留下有利的参考资料。

2灵活运用有效的教学方式,增加教学趣味性

全国各大高等院校中对汉语言文学专业写作课程所应用的教学方式不具备统一性,比较多样化,但其中大多数的教学方式都能够取得一定的成效。范例教学是多年教学实践得出能够有效提升学生写作能力的 教学方法 之一,那么什么是范例教学呢?就是把教科书中的写作理论与课堂讲授的内容进行有效地融合,让抽象的概念以实际应用的例子具象化。通过将枯燥无味的理论知识变为生动有趣的实际应用来讲授知识的教学方式来活跃课堂的氛围,充分调动学生的课堂积极主动性,扭转学生惯有的消极学习的状态。只有让学生主动进行学习,才能够达到提高课堂效率,提升学生写作能力的目的。例如:在进行基础写作和文学写作的授课时,应当注重将写作课程与其他文学课程进行融合讲解,在写作课程讲授中引入古今中外文学的精华知识,有效地结合文学与写作理论。具有很强规范性的写作中,无论是技能性较强的应用文写作,还是实践性强的学术论文写作,都应从经典的 范文 中提取相应精华和写作理论,在进行相应知识授课前使用适当的例文铺路,让学生对相关写作理论有感性认识,讲解结束后通过范文来印证写作理论,加深学生的理解和认知,通过这样的方式不仅提高学生的写作能力同时让学生写作更规范。

3建立写作评价体系,培养学生写作的积极性

对学生的写作进行客观的评价对学生来说是非常重要的,因为科学客观的评价不仅能够帮助教师得出写作教学过程中效果和问题的精确反馈,对今后改进和提高教学质量做出正确的判断,还能够让学生对自身的写作水平进行一定的了解,认识自己在写作中的优点和缺点,能够通过与老师的交流思考写作改进的方法,激发学生对写作的热情,在评价收到的信息中不断地完善自己。因此,科学客观的写作评价体系的设立是非常有必要的。写作课程也分多种,并且各有不同,那么对他们之间的评价也应当是存在差异的。写作评价体系设立完成后,要求教师和学生都按照相应标准对写作进行客观的评价,可以让学生进行 自我评价 ,分小组进行互相评价,以及教师综合评价。对评价的结果进行公布和点评讲解,对学生差异个体进行尽量全面的 写作指导 ,整体提高学生的写作水平,让学生能够在点评和指导中对自身进行改进。

4结束语

总之,为了让汉语言文学专业的学生更好地融入到社会中,就要采取有利的方法来提高学生专业的基本技能,培养国家需要的人才,使学生具备较强的写作能力不仅能为学生就业铺就顺畅的道路,也能够提升学生自身的素养。

参考文献

[1]王林.基于系统论的汉语言文学专业学生写作能力培养[J].唐山学院学报;2012(4):97-99.

[2]徐渊.强化写作能力培养汉语言文学专业创新人才[J].学理论;2011(10):226-227.

[3]黄悠纯.汉语言文学专业写作能力延续性训练的探索与改革[J].湘南学院学报;2011(6).

汉语言文学教学优化策略

【摘要】新媒体时代背景下,汉语言文学教学既有发展机遇也存在发展困境。优化新媒体背景下汉语言教学发展的策略是:规范汉语言教学方式,引导学生正确看待网络流行语;基于网络平台提升学生对汉语言文学学习的主观能动性;建立多元性和多样化的合作式教育方式。

【关键词】新媒体时代;汉语言文学教学;发展困境;优化策略

汉语言作为人们交流、互动的重要载体,如今其发展已逐渐呈现 出国 际化的趋势。网络时代的到来,新媒体的出现,汉语言文学的教育体系,大学生文学素养的提升均具有了新的特色。本文就新时期汉语言文学的发展问题展开了研究与讨论。

一、新时期网络环境下汉语言文学发展的困境

1、网络流行语的冲击

网络流行语是在新媒体时代,网络日益普及的情况下,人们在日常工作、学习的基础上,在通过网络交流过程中逐渐形成并流行的语言。其主要在汉语言词汇的基础上,通过语法结构、用语习惯等的改变,从而形成了幽默诙谐的网络流行语。一方面,网络流行语的形成在一定程度上是对于汉语言的一种创新,将部分汉语言赋予了个性化的特点。能够更加形象生动的反映生活中、社会上的部分现象与问题。比如网络流行语“喜大普奔”,其是喜闻乐见、大快人心、普天同庆、奔走相告四个 成语 的缩略形式,体现了一种愉悦、激动的心情。网络流行语的传播具有新的特点,其表现出了跨越时空、数字化、网路化的特点。实践中,越来越多的人们习惯于通过微信、QQ、微博等现代多媒体网络平台交流与互动,网络语言的出现使人们之间交流更加多样化与富有活力。[1]另一方面,网络语言的出现对于汉语言文学的发展带来了一定的冲击与不利因素。因为网络语言的形成有时往往与严格的汉语言语法结构、造词规律有不符合之处,未遵循正确的汉语言用语规范。对于汉语言文学的发展具有消极的作用,尤其对于正处于学习、贮备知识的青少年而言,会对其使用正确汉语言的习惯产生一定的误导,在一定程度上更不利于 传统文化 的弘扬与发展。[2]

2、受众地位和作用的变化

在信息化时代的今天,与以往相比较而言,使得受众地位和作用产生了一定的影响。实践中,人们在交流过程中,越来越多的依赖于电子传媒载体,随着网络流行语的形成,人们使用汉语言的方式与习惯体现出更加随意的特点。在多媒体的影响下,部分人往往出现了提笔忘字的现象,传统博大精深的书法艺术与汉字魅力逐渐被人们忽视。长此以往,会影响到汉语言文学的健康、可持续发展。多媒体的出现,人们的在网络上发言的权利与用语方式受到很小的限度与制约,同时更多的年轻人已成为了主要的力量,汉语言受众地位与作用的变化,不利于正确汉语言 思维方式 与规范的形成,对于优秀汉语言人才的培养产生不利影响。

3、汉语言文学教学知识脱离现实生活

在新时期的今天,传统的汉语言文学教学方式已不能适应新的教学环境与内容。传统的汉语言文学教学方式仍然体现出了只重视理论知识、课本知识,缺乏课堂互动与实践性不强等特点。新媒体时代,大学生的阅读习惯与汉语言思维习惯由于受到多媒体的影响,都发生了一定程度的影响与改变。在网络时代的今天,在汉语言文学的教学过程中,教师应该注重汉语言与新媒体之间的融合,加强课堂上教师与学生互动的效果,注重新时期大学生正确汉语言文学思维方式与习惯的形成与培养。同时,培养学生系统理论知识的同时,注重分问题、解决问题实践能力的培养,将汉语言文学的教学与现实生活紧密结合。

二、汉语言文学传播在网络平台资源中的特征

1、运用网络教学资源的多样性和便捷性

在知识经济的今天,新媒体迅速发展,对于汉语言文学的教学产生了一定的影响。首先,汉语言文学的教师要与时俱进,善于利用、搜集、整合有利于教学的各种网络资源,是汉语言文学的教学课堂更加的生动化与形象化。在课堂上可以通过网络视频、图片、数据等多种题材展现、分析汉语言文学所涉及到的各种人物特点、故事背景等,充分实现网络资源的优化与共享。同时,教师可以提出网络中比较 热点 的问题,从传统文化的角度,引导学生组成各小组展开讨论,交流。老师对于大家的观点进行点评与评析,加以科学的引导。是思想火花的碰撞,有利于大学生思维方式的培养,口语表达能力、思辨能力的锻炼与提高。

2、网络教学资源的可塑性

目前,我们可以通过网络上的教学资源,严格按照教学大纲来进行编排,这样就可以打破一定的结构顺序进行整合。换种角度看,就是可以作为一个汉语言文学知识的数据库而存在。如,我们可以加强汉语言文学口语知识的练习,将诸多名家口语集锦放在专门的地方,通过网络平台将自身所需的资料进行整合,最后才能更好地变成自身的知识库。在教学过程中,可以在汉语言文学课堂上进行相关的练习解读。[3]

三、优化新媒体环境下汉语言文学发展的具体策略

1、规范汉语言教学方式,引导学生正确看待网络流行语新媒体时代,面临网络流行语对于汉语言文学发展的影响。汉语言文学的教学应当规范教学方式,对于大学生普遍使用网络流行语的现象予以积极正确的引导。网络流行语的形成与发展呈现出良莠不齐的现象,符合汉语言规范、能够形象反映社会现象的网络流行语是对于汉语言的发展与创新,在一定程度上可以借鉴与学习,丰富日常用语。然后对于那些不符合汉语言规范、不文明的网络流行语应当坚决的杜绝,引导学生树立取其精华,去其糟粕的意识,加强传统优秀文化的学习与弘扬。[4]

2、基于网络平台提升学生对汉语言文学学习的主观能动性

现阶段要想更好地促进汉语言文学专业的稳健发展,我们就必须要紧密依靠网络平台,打造现代化的汉语言文学。而且,汉语言文学教学模式的变化就充分说明了这一点,所以,当务之急,便是如何来促进多媒体 网络技术 为汉语言文学发展奠定基础,如何来促进学生知识的建构,这些方面都是显得越来越重要。

3、建立多元性和多样化的合作式教育方式

在传统的汉语言文学教学过程中,一般都是采用老师为主导,同时进行单方面的知识传播,这样对这门应用型很强的学科是非常不利的,在一定程度上影响汉语言文学的发展。为此,只有在网络环境开放的情况下,逐步建立一个多元性和多样化的合作式教育,学生才可以通过网上将自身所遇到的问题反馈给老师,并在教师的指导下进行学习。网络时代新媒体的出现与发展,对于汉语言文学的发展提出了一定挑战。本文对于网络时代汉语言发展困境、特点的研究与讨论,提出了相应的对策与建议。新时期汉语言文学的可持续发展,需要汉语言文学教师与学生的共同努力,首先教师要与时俱进,接受新事物并对新事物有一个正确的认识;引导学生以正确的态度认识、对待网络流行语、丰富汉语言文学知识。学生无论是在日常的学习过程中,还是生活用语中都应注重汉语言的规范性与规律性。

【参考文献】

[1]黄践.论汉语言文学应用型人才的培养[J].吉林省社会主义学院学报,2013(3)60-64.

[2]吴玉成.对目前党校汉语言教学培训中存在问题分析[J].考试周刊,2014(53)30-49.

[3]汤玫英.网络语言创新的动因及其不当取向.河南师范大学学报,2010(04).

[4]高岭,土宁宁,马骏鹰.《汉语言文学专业课程实践性教学的研究》课题研究 报告 [J].北京广播电视大学学报,2008(02).

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5. 汉语言文学专业论文

6. 关于汉语言文学本科毕业论文范文

格式 当我们对一个问题研究之后,如何将其展现于众人面前是一个重要的工作。在这里我们结合具体的事例,给大家介绍科研的一个重要部分论文的一般格式及其注意事项。当然,要写出一篇好的论文,绝不是单单这么一个简要的介绍就够了,还需自己多写、多练。 随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的学者涉及到学术论文的写作领域,那么怎样写学术论文、学术论文写作是怎样要求的、格式如何,下面就介绍一下学术论文的写作,希望能对您论文写作有所帮助。 (一)题名(Title,Topic)1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息,也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。 论文题目十分重要,必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性,用了下面的一句话:论文题目是文章的一半。 对论文题目的要求是:准确得体;简短精炼;外延和内涵恰如其分;醒目。(二)作者姓名和单位这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负,二是记录作者的劳动成果,三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形,即:单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度,对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者,贡献次之的,列为第二作者,余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。(三)摘要(Abstract)论文一般应有摘要,有些为了国际交流,还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它对是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其作用是使读者不用阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容:①从事这一研究的目的和重要性;②研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作;③获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解;④结论或结果的意义。论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容,但文字必须十分简炼,内容亦需充分概括,篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如,对于6000字的一篇论文,其摘要一般不超出300字。论文摘要不需要列举例证,不讲研究过程,不用图表,不给化学结构式,也不要作自我评价。 撰写论文摘要的常见毛病,一是照搬论文正文中的小标题(目录)或论文结论部分的文字;二是内容不浓缩、不概括,文字篇幅过长。为了方便国际交流,很多论文都要求有英文摘要,尤其是在高校里。英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样,包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。但是,英文有其自身特点,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的版面可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。第一,对所掌握的资料进行精心筛选,不属于上述“四部分”的内容不必写入摘要。第二,对属于“四部分”的内容,也应适当取舍,做到简明扼要,不能包罗万象。比如“目的”,在多数标题中就已初步阐明,若无更深一层的目的,摘要完全不必重复叙述;再如“方法”,有些在国外可能早已成为常规的方法,在撰写英文摘要时就可仅写出方法名称,而不必一一描述其操作步骤。 中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性,目前对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容”差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题;二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1、时态:大体可概括为以下几点。 1)叙述研究过程,多采用一般过去时。 2)在采用一般过去时叙述研究过程当中提及在此过程之前发生的事,宜采用过去完成时。 3)说明某课题现已取得的成果,宜采用现在完成时。 4)摘要开头表示本文所“报告”或“描述”的内容,以及摘要结尾表示作者所"认为"的观点和"建议"的做法时,可采用一般现在时。 2、语态:在多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。(四)关键词(Key words)关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外,还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇,正是由于它的出现和发展,才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。 主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物,用自然语言来表达,并且具有组配功能,用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。关键词是标示文献关建主题内容,但未经规范处理的主题词。关键词是为了文献标引工作,从论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。关键词或主题词的一般选择方法是:由作者在完成论文写作后,纵观全文,先找出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇,这些住处或词汇,可以从论文标题中去找和选,也可以从论文内容中去找和选。后三个关键词的选取,补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息,也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出,与从标题中选出的关键词一道,组成该论文的关键词组。关键词与主题词的运用,主要是为了适应计算机检索的需要,以及适应国际计算机联机检索的需要。一个刊物增加关键词这一项,就为该刊物提高引用率、增加知名度开辟了一个新的途径。(五)引言(Introduction)引言又称前言,属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括:研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白,理论依据和实验基础,预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。引言的文字不可冗长,内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎,措词要精炼,要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小,并无硬性的统一规定,需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内容的需要来确定,长的可达700~800字或1000字左右,短的可不到100字。(六)正文(Main body)正文是一篇论文的本论,属于论文的主体,它占据论文的最大篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果,都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。因此,要求这一部分内容充实,论据充分、可靠,论证有力,主题明确。为了满足这一系列要求,同时也为了做到层次分明、脉络清晰,常常将正文部分分成几个大的段落。这些段落即所谓逻辑段,一个逻辑段可包含几个自然段。每一逻辑段落可冠以适当标题(分标题或小标题)。段落和划分,应视论文性质与内容而定。(七)参考文献[序号]. 编著者. 书名[M],出版地:出版社,年代,起止页码 [序号]. 作者. 论文名称[J],期刊名称,年度,卷(期),起止页码(八)电子文献的载体类型及其标识随着我国信息化进程的加快,电子文献的采用量逐渐加大,其标注方式的规范化已经提到议事日程上来了。现根据国家新闻出版署印发的《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》的有关规定,对来稿提出如下要求:一、对于数据库、计算机程序及电子公告等电子文献类型的参考文献,以下列双字母作为标示:电子文献类型 数据库 计算机程序 电子公告 电子文献类型标识 DB CP EB 二、电子文献的载体类型及其标识对于非纸张类型载体的电子文献,当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型中同时标明其载体类型。《规范》采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型:磁带(magnetic tape)MT,磁盘(disk)DK,光盘(CD-ROM) CD,联机网络(online)OL,并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识:[文献类型标识/载体类型标识] 如:[DB/OL]——联机网上数据库(database online)[ DB/MT]——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)[M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM)[CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)[J/OL]——网上期刊(serial online)[EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic pulletin board online)如:[1]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准数据库系统工程的进展[DB/OL].文献网址, 1998-08-16/1998-10-04. 以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型。九)内容的格式要求1、毕业论文格式的写作顺序是:标题、作者班级、作者姓名、指导教师姓名、中文摘要及关键词、英文摘要及英文关键词、正文、参考文献。2、毕业论文中附表的表头应写在表的上面,居中;论文附图的图题应写在图的下面,居中。按表、图、公式在论文中出现的先后顺序分别编号。3、毕业论文中参考文献的书写格式严格按以下顺序:序号、作者姓名、书名(或文章名)、出版社(或期刊名)、出版或发表时间。4、论文格式的字体:各类标题(包括“参考文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman字体。5、论文格式的字号:论文题目用三号字体,居中;一级标题用四号字体;二级标题、三级标题用小四号字体;页眉、页脚用小五号字体;其它用五号字体;图、表名居中。6、格式正文打印页码,下面居中。7、论文打印纸张规格:A4 210×297毫米。8、在文件选项下的页面设置选项中,“字符数/行数”选使用默认字符数;页边距设为 上:3厘米;下:厘米;左:厘米;右:厘米;装订线:厘米;装订线位置:左侧;页眉:厘米;页脚厘米。9、在格式选项下的段落设置选项中,“缩进”选0厘米,“间距”选0磅,“行距”选倍,“特殊格式”选(无),“调整右缩进”选项为空,“根据页面设置确定行高格线”选项为空。10、 页眉:页眉从摘要页开始到论文最后一页,均需设置。页眉内容:浙江广播电视大学汉语言文学类本科毕业论文,居中,打印字号为5号宋体,页眉之下有一条下划线。 页脚:从论文主体部分(引言或绪论)开始,用阿拉伯数字连续编页,页码编写方法为:第×页共×页,居中,打印字号为小五号宋体。 前置部分从中文题名页起单独编页。 字体与间距:毕业论文字体为小四号宋体,字间距设置为标准字间距,行间距设置为固定值20磅。范文 1). 谈诚信 在日常生活中,诚信,无非是讲信用!但是,在现代社会人群中,很难找到它的身影。就说昨天,我的大舅请客,说好了让我决定去哪吃饭,而当我说出要去的地方时,他却用种种理由搪塞,结果,还是去了别的地方; 古人说得好,“与朋友交,言而有信”,现代社会这种不诚信的表现是十分令人可气的,那些不讲信义的人为了自身的利益,毫无察觉地或毫无羞耻地丢掉了人与人之间最重要的东西──诚信。设想,说话不算数,人没有了诚信,人与人之间还有什么情义可讲?那还要交朋友干什么呢? 请记住,不讲信义,不但会减少别人对你的信任感,最终使别人不再相信你,甚至对你感到厌恶、仇恨,不再与你交往,你的人际关系就会越来越差,最后自食其果害了自己。 刘基在他的名著《郁离子》里讲过这样一个故事:一个富商在过河时因触礁翻船,他在水中大声呼喊:“谁能救我,我就给他100两金子!”一个善良的渔夫把他就上了岸,可是富商只给了80两,渔夫指责富商不讲信用,商人则训斥渔夫太贪婪。第二天,富商仍坐船过河,不巧又翻进了水里,富商仍旧在水中喊:“谁能救我上岸,我给他100两金子。”曾经救过它的渔夫告诉周围的人这个富商言而无信,结果没人救富商,他淹死了。 由此看来,不讲信义的后果是很严重的, 况且,中国自古以来就有“千金一偌”和“自古皆有死,民无信不立”的优秀品质,我们能把这种优良传统丢掉? 如何培养诚信这种品德呢?关键还是得从“小时小事”做起,如:小时候向朋友或同学借本漫画书,说好明天就还,那你就必须在明天把书还回去,这并不仅是一本漫画书的问题,你可能不知道,当另一个要借这本书的人按时拿到自己退还的书时,会有多高兴!而当别人对你不讲信义时,你又会有多失望?所以说,要拥有诚信,首先得要能考虑到他人,替人着想。 为了人与人之间的尊重和信任,让我们争做诚信人,多做诚信事吧,让社会都充满诚信! 2). 失败是成功之母 当今世界,科技进步日新月异,综合国力竞争日趋激烈。在这种情况下,创新能力如何、创新成果多少,成为决定一个国家和民族能否赢得竞争的重要因素;鼓励创新、推进创新,成为实现发展进步的迫切需要。 然而,干任何事情都有可能成功,也有可能失败,创新作为探索性实践更是如此。对于创新者而言,成功是一种考验,失败更是一种考验。沉醉于成功的辉煌,往往可能停歇前进的步伐;走不出失败的阴影,容易导致错过成功的机遇。当年,发明家爱迪生为了找到不易烧断的灯丝,进行了很多次实验都没能成功。当许多人为他的失败而叹息时,爱迪生却说:我没有失败,我只是又找到了一种不符合要求的东西罢了。经过不懈的努力,爱迪生终于发明了电灯,用科技为人类带来了光明。这个故事启示我们:永不言败,是实现创新的一个重要条件。 创新不言败,不是说所有的创新活动都能够百发百中、大获全胜。创新是艰难的,不可能一蹴而就,也不会一帆风顺。创新不言败,更多的是指一种精神、一种品质、一种追求。 创新不言败是一种精神。这种精神就是不怕失败、敢于胜利。失败与成功,失去与得到,总是相对的、辩证的。有大付出,才有大收获;有大境界,才有大成就。成功的创新者懂得成败的辩证法,懂得“失败是成功之母”的深刻道理。在创新的过程中,一时一事的失败是常有的。面对失败,既不应退缩,更不能失志。因为一着走错,只要稍作调整,即可以柳暗花明;屡遭挫折,只要不屈不挠,总能够走向胜利。真正的失败往往是败而失志、一蹶不振,而所有的成功都来自从失败中奋起、在开拓中前进。 创新不言败是一种品质。这种品质就是迎难而上、永不退缩。创新之路充满艰险,但无限风光恰在险峰之上。正如王安石所说:世之奇伟瑰怪非常之观,常在于险远,而人之所罕至焉,故非有志者不能至也。在艰难险阻面前,“退”是没有出路的,“怯”是难尝胜果的。创新者应有“所当者破,所击者服”的豪气,愈挫愈勇、知难而上。在创新上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人,才有希望到达光辉的顶点。 创新不言败是一种追求。这种追求就是奋发图强、开拓进取。创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。推进中国特色社会主义事业,实现中华民族的伟大复兴,需要创新,呼唤创新。创新是干事创业者的追求,永不言败、自信自强是创新者的选择。自信,才能鼓起从头再来的勇气;自强,才能激发上下求索的潜能。自信不是自负,自信者有自知之明,懂得扬长避短,不会一味蛮干;自强不是逞强,自强者有清醒头脑,善于审时度势,不达目的不罢休。 创新实不易,胜败乃平常。因此,对于致力创新者,我们应该多一些理解和宽容,努力营造一种有利于创新的社会环境和氛围。对于成功者,应该献上美丽的鲜花、给予真诚的赞美;对于失败者,也应该表达充分的体谅、提供必要的帮助。只有这样,才能使创新的活力竞相迸发,创新的成果不断涌现。

姑固估咕……(省略800字)…固固!

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