毕业论文需要的数据可以从下面几个方面获取：
一、问卷调查。很多文科的同学，用问卷调查的数据比较多，这种数据比较好收集，自己设计一套问卷，去找目标人群收集数据就行了。现在有很多专门的调查问卷的网站和小程序之类的，收集这类数据就简单多了。
二、实验数据。这种数据一般理科的同学用的比较多，通过自己的实验拿到的数据也比较可靠，自己用起来也很有底气。
三、国家和政府公布的数据，这种数据大多都是月度，季度，年度数据。数据范围比较广，官方数据很有说服力，如果是做行业调查之类的很实用，而且也不需要自己收集，直接拿来就可以用，很方便。
四、就是行业数据，行业数据可能来自于行业协会，行业专业网站等等。
五、常用的数据来源网站有：
1、国家统计局，这个网站上的数据比较官方权威。
2、中国旅游研究院，适合一些旅游专业的学生。
3、产业信息网，了解不同产业的收益、市场占额等信息。
4、国土资源部，获取土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源等自然资源的规划、管理、保护与合理利用等信息。
5、国家企业信用信息公示系统，收集企业的信用信息。
6、中国知网，阅读参考文献的网站。
7、新浪财经，了解全球经济宏观数据。
1.可以在企业官网查询其公开的数据（一般都不会公开的）2.可以看看企业举办的物流竞赛中发布的数据
1、中国数据网
中国数据网就是进入“中华人民共和国国家统计局”官网找数据，接着可以在“数据查询”里点相关数据查询，有年度、季度、月度数据，也有普查、国际和部门数据，里面还有细分指标数据查询。
如年度数据指标有国民经济、人口、对外经济贸易、能源、财政、价格指数、工农业、社会服务、固定资产投资和房地产等，可以搜索最近5年、10年、20年的数据资料。
2、中国产业信息网
中国产业信息网主要是专注于本产业的实时信息共享，以及数据分析查询。中国产业信息网主要是由相关产业的专家及资深从业人员发布产业数据和相关信息。
3、优易数据
优易数据由国家信息中心发起，拥有国家级信息资源的数据平台，是国内领先的数据交易平台。平台有B2B、B2C两种交易模式，包含政务、社会、社交、教育、消费、交通、能源、金融、健康等多个领域的数据资源。
4、国家统计局
除了数据外，最大特点是网站还设有“数据解读”模块，可以看到专家学者对特定数据的分析解读，帮助快速理解数据背后反映的现实问题，推荐拿到数据不知从何入手的同学使用学习。
5、中国统计信息网
汇集了海量的全国各级政府各年度的国民经济和社会发展统计信息，包括统计年鉴、统计公报、阶段发展数据、统计分析、经济新闻等。
写论文没数据去7个网站找数据。1、经管之家（原人大经济论坛）。虽然版面看起来很旧，但有着丰富的操作帖子和资料/数据分享，行业研究、统计年鉴数量多，更新速度快，任何你想找到的数据都可以在这里先试着检索一下，很可能已经有用户分享出来了。2、199IT中文互联网数据咨询网。关于TMT行业的行业报告收录非常全，并且下载方式也很友好。3、海关统计数据在线查询平台。进出口数据对于很多宏观方向的论文选题非常重要，其实这些数据在中国海关官方的门户网站就可以轻松找到。4、国家知识产权局专利检索。专利数据官方的实用查询软件，可以自建检索库，功能挺强大的。5、中国国家调查数据库。包含中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心领导的几大社会调研数据，如中国综合社会调查、中国宗教调查等。6、中国人民银行数据库。你可能知道中国人民银行每一年度会公布最新金融统计数据（2020年的已更新），但其实这里还有各个季度的企业家、银行家、城镇储户调查问卷！7、国家地球系统科学数据中心。包含了一些与地理、环境相关的城市、社会经济和人口数据，譬如夜间灯光遥感数据。
论文的流程学校有规定吧，你定好选题后，查询相关文献，如果想省事，就找有近两年案例分析的文献，多找一些，多学习他们的分析方法。现在上市公司的年报很多的已经出了，可以参看巨潮资讯或是东方财富，里面有把很多公司的年报关键财务指标提出来形成了列表。财务风险防范，可以看看资产负债率高的，现金流弱的，或者借鉴你所看到的文献的分析方法，把你选中的目标公司照葫芦画瓢分析一遍。
你好，物流管理方面的论文写过很多的，请问你具体是写哪个方面的呢？
你好，希望我们可以帮你。财务管理论文是我们特长，我们的服务特色： 支援支付宝交易，保证你的资金安全。3种服务方式，文章多重稽核，保证文章质量。附送抄袭检测报告，让你用得放心。修改不限次数，再刁难的老师也能过。
如某公司财务管理分析，就是实践性的，即以某公司为例，展开分析的论文。
标题想好，然后接着写：此处省略一万字。吼吼，开个玩笑。
二、 战略方向 作为中小企业发展的战略体系，缺少对战略方向的阐述显然是不完整的。本文中小企业的战略方向是在充分考虑中国国情、中小企业的特点及加入WTO给我国带来的机遇和挑战的基础上，为实现上述战略目标而对中小企业的发展提出的几个具体发展方向。 (一) 发展地域特色型中小企业在市场竞争El趋激烈的今天，只有具备特色的企业才会有生存和发展的空间 因此，培育和发展地域特色型企业是我国中小企业的主要方向。各地应按照市场、资源、劳动力优势，大力发展具有优势和特色的产业群体型企业，通过地域特色形成的产业能带动该地域形成产业群，促进地方经济的发展。 (二) 发展配套型中小企业配套型中小企业是指那些为国内支柱型大企业和国外大企业生产配套零部件的中小企业 中小企业为大企业生产配套零部件，可以更好的促进专业分工和社会资源的优化配置，避免了“大而全”“小而全”和重复建设。 (三) 发展科技型中小企业以各国的经验来看，科技型企业是中小企业发展较为成功的企业，它在推动一国或地区经济发展中起到越来越重要的作用。我国应充分利用高校的科技人才优势，大力促进产、学、研联合，开发一批适合中小企业发展的科技成果，促进一批院士专家型中小企业，充分利用国内外高新技术改造传统产业，提高技术装备水平，提高产品的科技含量，提高资源的利用率。 (四) 发展就业型中小企业我国的工业不够发达，劳动力富余，就业困难失业人数的增加，会带来巨大的经济问题和社会问题，不利于我国工业化的推进 因此，要根据我国各地的特色发展一些劳动密集型企业，吸收富余、下岗职工和农村的剩余劳动力。同时还应重点发展社群(村)企业，这些企业立足本地，服务本地，科技水平要求不高，但生产廉价的商品，这也是就业型企业拓展自己发展空间的领域。 (五) 发展外向型中小企业中小企业是发展外向型经济的生力军，其发展可以产生几个方面的作用：① 加快我国对外开放的步子，使外界更多地了解中国，参与我国的工业建设；② 更多地利用外资和国外的先进技术、装置与管理经验；③ 带动我国出口企业的发展，为增加我国企业产品的出口创汇创造更好的条件；④ 使我国形成开放型经济体系+促进我国经济体制改革的深入和人们思想观念的更新 所以我国应充分利用加WTO的带来的机遇加快外向型中小企业的发展。 (六) 发展国有、集体中小型企业国有、集体中小型企业的发展不在于企业数量的增加，而在于质量的提高 提高国有、集体中小企业质量的重点是加大企业的改革力度，促进企业经营机制的转换，成为市场的竞争主体 为了促进我国中小企业的发展， 一方面我国应制定一系列政策措施，放松对它们的限制，让其有自由发展的内在机制和动力；另一方面要创造条件为其尽快减负，真正成为市场竞争中平等的一员。 (七) 发展社群服务型中小企业社群服务型中小企业是一类比较特殊的中小企业，具有一定的社会公益性．。推动社群服务型中小企业发展的首要条件是资金来源问题+这类企业的资金来源渠道有两个方面：一是来自 *** 的扶持性资金；二是来自社群内的共同集资。如果地方经济发展较快，社群服务型中小企业比较容易筹集到资金 只要企业的专案有发展前景，比较容易得到 *** 资金的扶持和居民的支援，通过共同集资的形式筹集到所需资本。 参考文献： [1] 李大明．产业结构谓整与中小企业税收政策研究[J]．财贸经济2001．(10)：41 [2] 项保华．企业战略管理[M]．杭州：浙江大学出版社．1997 [3] 马晨，马乃云．我国民营企业贷款融资问题的研究[J]北京商学院学报，2001．(3)：20-24． [4] 陈晓红．中小企业融贷与二级市场[J]中南工业大学学报(社会科学版)．2001．
在这种巨集观形势下，大学旅游管理专业教育肩负著艰钜的重任。如何培养... 论旅游者不文明旅游行为日期：2009-08-21 03:41:12 点选：2 好评：0 【论文关键词】：旅游者；旅游行为；不文明行为 【论文摘要】：游客在旅游过程中经常容易产生不文明... wsdxs.Travels/index.
我建议你到威客网站去释出论文写作任务，威客就是网际网路上靠自己的的本事完成客户任务来赚取佣金网际网路人才！ 在威客网站上有上百万威客精英，擅长论文写作的高人更是人才济济！ 你只要在威客网站释出一个论文写作任务，就会得到几十篇优秀的论文供你选择！ 释出任务最好国内最顶级的威客网站，只有这样的威客网站才能吸引最优秀的威客！ 国内最优秀的威客网站有两家： 威客-猪八戒网 :zhubajie./task/?wele=1314427 任务中国： :task./?r=2472588 猪八戒网和任务中国是国内成立最早的威客网站，拥有最多的会员数量和最多工数量！ 你可以到这两家威客网站去了解下， 如果你有关于威客的问题可以问我！ QQ：353776525
网上到处都有论文，你可以搜搜，我当年就是找了好多份，然后再整合一下，加自己的观点就行了，别全抄！别被人看出马脚来就行！
上市公司的财务报告都会在中国证监会官网公布，其他的一些非上市公司的财务报告也会在证监会官网公布。
搜索证监会官网，进去找信息披露，然后点上交所或者深交所，一般是上交所，因为上交所财务报告分类特别清晰。
图中在证券代码，关键字等输入查找条件就可以查到上市公司的财务报告了。
财务报告分为年报、半年报、季度报，您可以根据需要查询。
请问,这个文献的作者是谁啊
第三方物流 Third-Party Logistics A third-party logistics provider (abbreviated 3PL) is a firm that provides outsourced or "third party" logistics services to companies for part, or sometimes all of their supply chain management function. Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customer’s needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.Types of 3PL providersHertz and Alfredsson (2003) describe four categories of 3PL providers:[1]Standard 3PL provider: this is the most basic form of a 3PL provider. They would perform activities such as, pick and pack, warehousing, and distribution (business) – the most basic functions of logistics. For a majority of these firms, the 3PL function is not their main activity. Service developer: this type of 3PL provider will offer their customers advanced value-added services such as: tracking and tracing, cross-docking, specific packaging, or providing a unique security system. A solid IT foundation and a focus on economies of scale and scope will enable this type of 3PL provider to perform these types of tasks. The customer adapter: this type of 3PL provider comes in at the request of the customer and essentially takes over complete control of the company’s logistics activities. The 3PL provider improves the logistics dramatically, but do not develop a new service. The customer base for this type of 3PL provider is typically quite small. The customer developer: this is the highest level that a 3PL provider can attain with respect to its processes and activities. This occurs when the 3PL provider integrates itself with the customer and takes over their entire logistics function. These providers will have few customers, but will perform extensive and detailed tasks for them. [edit] Non Asset-based Logistics ProvidersThis 3PL performs duties such as quoting, booking, routing, and auditing, but doesn't need to own warehousing facilities, vehicles, aircraft, or any other transportation assets. This type of 3PL may possess only desks, computers, and freight industry expertise.To be useful, this type of provider must show its customers a benefit in financial and operational terms by leveraging exceptional expertise and ability in the areas of operations, negotiations, and customer service in a way that complements its customers' preexisting physical assets.[edit] On-Demand TransportationOn-Demand Transportation is a relatively new term coined by 3PL providers to describe their brokerage, ad-hoc, and "flyer" service offerings.On-Demand Transportation has become a mandatory capability for today's successful 3PL providers in offering client specific solutions to supply chain needs.These shipments do not usually move under the "lowest rate wins" scenario and can be very profitable to the 3PL that wins the business. The cost quoted to customers for On-Demand services are based on specific circumstances and availability and can differ greatly from normal "published" rates.On-Demand Transportation is a niche that continues to grow and evolve within the 3PL industry.Specific modes of transport which may be subject to the on-demand model include (but are not limited to) the following:FTL, or Full Truck Load Hotshot (direct, exclusive courier) Next Flight Out, sometimes also referred to as Best Flight Out (commercial airline shipping) International Expedited [edit] Fourth-party logisticsFourth-party logistics (4PL), Lead Logistics Provider or 4th Party Logistics, is a term coined by global consulting firm Accenture:“ A 4PL is an integrator that assembles the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization and other organizations to design, supply chain solutions. ” of their supply chain management function. A 4PL uses a 3PL to supply service to customers, owning only computer systems and intellectual capital.[2]It has been argued that a 4PL is the same thing as a Non Asset-Based 3PL.第三方物流(Third-Party logistics,3PL)，也称作委外物流(logistics outsourcing) 或是合约物流(contract logistics),第三方物流一直是物流和供应练管理中最容易被误解的名词。第三方物流目前没有公认的定义，不过原则在於，某"专门公司"提供另一家公司(比方说制造商)一项或多项的物流功能。 (如仓储、对外运输)知名的第三方物流供应商包DanzasAEI、Exel Logistics、Menlo Logistics、Penske Logistics等...第三方物流公司需具备下列几点： 1.与使用者之间备有正式的合约，期限至少一年 2.强调双方关系式，而非交易式。 3.强调双方的利益以及客制化的可行性。 4.与客户维持长期的关系。 5.会主动寻求可能的政策和实务物流系统也可像互联网般，促进全球化。在贸易上，若要更进一步与世界连系，就得靠良好的物流管理系统。我们手上的商品很多是『游历』各国后才来到的。原料可能来自泰国，加工可能在新加坡，生产却在台湾，最后才入口到美国。产品的「游历」路线就是由物流师决定，目标就是要快且低开销。物流师 (Logistician）即是负责物流系统管理的专才。物流师就是一个专家，地位与会计师、律师、医生或工程师同等。
Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, wharehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may both be used for interchange of passengers and cargo, and for maintenance.Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks people, helocopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but has a deteriorizing impact on the environment. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow, and restrain urban sprawl.ModeMain article: Mode of transportA mode of transport is a technological solution that used a fundamentally different vehicle, infrastructure and operations. The transport of a person or cargo may be by one or more modes, the latter called intermodal transport. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen for a trip depended on the nature of the purpose, cargo and destination. While there transport in air and on water has their own mode, land transport has several modes.Human-powered transport remains common in developing countries[edit] Human-poweredMain article: Human-powered transportHuman-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle-power. Like animal-powered transport, human-powered transport has existed since time immemorial in the form of walking, running and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human-power. Many forms of human-powered transport remain popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise and environmentalism. Human-powered transport is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions. It is considered an ideal form of sustainable transportation.Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when enforcing the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for highly encumbering environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowings and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft.[edit] Animal-poweredMain article: Animal-powered transportAnimal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and goods. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles. Animals are superior to people in their speed, endurance and carrying capacity; prior to the Industrial Revolution they were used for all land transport impracticable for people, and they remain an important mode of transport in less developed areas of the world.[edit] AirMain article: Aviation Scandinavian Airlines System MD-80 airliner at Kiruna Airport, SwedenA fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.Two necessities for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift, and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance, restocking, refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo and passengers. While the vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land, some are capable of take off and landing on ice, snow and calm water.The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can reach up to 875 kilometres per hour (544 mph), single-engine aircraft 175 kilometres per hour (109 mph). Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer distances, but incur high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places helicopters can be used.[1]InterCityExpress, a German high-speed passenger train[edit] RailMain article: Rail transportRail transport is where train runs along a two parallel steel rails, known as a railway or railroad. They rails are anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber, concrete or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete, or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.A train consists of one or more connected vehicle that run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a locomotive, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by electricity supplied by a trackside systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more energy efficient, though not as efficient as ships.Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities;[2] modern high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this requires specially-built track. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of a city's public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual loading and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominentsolution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.[edit] RoadMain article: Road transport Interstate 80 near Berkeley, United StatesA road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places.[3] Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel;[4] though they need not be, and historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or maintenance.[5] In urban areas, roads may pass through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a dual function as urban space easement and route.[6]The most common road vehicle is the automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians. As of 2002, there were 590 million automobiles worldwide.Automobiles offer high flexibility and with low capacity, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source of noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility.[7] Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.[edit] WaterMain article: Ship transport Automobile ferry in CroatiaWater transport is the process of transport a watercraft, such as a barge, boat, ship or sailboat, over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft, and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance.In the 1800s the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now most ships have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some specialized ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans.Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for trans-continental shipping;[8] short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.[9][10]Trans-Alaska Pipeline for crude oil[edit] OtherPipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can send solid capsules using compressed air. Any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyor transport.Spaceflight is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes have been send to all the planets of the Solar System.[edit] Elements Bridges, such as Golden Gate Bridge, allow roads and railways to cross bodies of water[edit] InfrastructureMain article: InfrastructureInfrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It consists of both a way, terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance. For rail, pipeline, road and cable transport, the entire way the vehicle travels must be built up. Air and water craft are able to avoid this, since the airway and seaway do not need to be built up. However, they require fixed infrastructure at terminals.Terminals such as airports, ports and stations, are locations were passengers and freight can be transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport, terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take advantage of each mode's advantages. For instance, airport rail links connect airports to the city centers and suburbs. The terminals for automobiles are parking lots, while buses and coaches can operates from simple stops.[11] For freight, terminals act as transshipment points, though some cargo is transported directly from the point of production to the point of use.The financing of infrastructure can either be public or private. Transport is often a natural monopoly and a necessity for the public; roads, and in some countries railways and airports are funded through taxation. New infrastructure projects can involve large spendings, and are often financed through debt. Many infrastructure owners therefore impose usage fees, such as landing fees at airports, or toll plazas on roads. Independent of this, authorities may impose taxes on the purchase or use of vehicles.A Peugeot 206 participating in the World Rally Championship[edit] VehiclesMain article: VehicleA vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. Vehicles that do not operate on land, are usually called crafts. Unless being pulled by a cable or muscle-power, the vehicle must provide its own propulsion; this is most commonly done through a steam engine, combustion engine, electric motor, a jet engine or a rocket, though other means of propulsion also exist. Vehicles also need a system of converting the energy into movement; this is most commonly done through wheels, propellers and pressure.Vehicles are most commonly staffed by a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully automated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver.[edit] Operation Incheon International Airport, South KoreaPrivate transport is only subject to the owner of the vehicle, who operates the vehicle themselves. For public transport and freight transport, operations are done through private enterprise or by governments. The infrastructure and vehicles may be owned and operated by the same company, or they may be operated by different entities. Traditionally, many countries have had a national airline and national railway. Since the 1980s, many of these have been privatized. International shipping remains a highly competitive industry with little regulation,[12] but ports can be public owned.[13][edit] FunctionRelocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. However, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces during warfare, or the civilian mobility construction or emergency equipment.Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai, India[edit] PassengerMain article: TravelPassenger transport, or travel, is divided into public and private transport. Public is scheduled services on fixed routes, while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire. The latter offers better flexibility, but has lower capacity, and a higher environmental impact. Travel may be as part of daily commuting, for business, leisure or migration.Short-haul transport is dominated by the automobile and mass transit. The latter consists of buses in rural and small cities, supplemented with commuter rail, trams and rapid transit in larger cities. Long-haul transport involves the use of the automobile, trains, coaches and aircraft, the last of which have become predominantly used for the longest, including intercontinental, travel. Intermodal passenger transport is where a journey is performed through the use of several modes of transport; since all human transport normally starts and ends with walking, all passenger transport can be considered intermodal. Public transport may also involve the intermediate change of vehicle, within or across modes, at a transport hub, such as a bus or railway station.International travel may be restricted for some individuals due to legislation and visa requirements.[edit] FreightMain article: ShippingFreight transport, or shipping, is a key in the value chain in manufacturing.[14] With increased specialization and globalization, production is being located further away from consumption, rapidly increasing the demand for transport.[15] While all modes of transport are used for cargo transport, there is high differentiation between the nature of the cargo transport, in which mode is chosen.[16] Logistics refers to the entire process of transferring products from producer to consumer, including storage, transport, transshipment, warehousing, material-handling and packaging, with associated exchange of information.[17] Incoterm deals with the handling of payment and responsibility of risk during transport.[18]Freight train with containers in the United KingdomContainerization, with the standardization of ISO containers on all vehicles and at all ports, has revolutionized international and domestic trade, offering huge reduction in transshipment costs. Traditionally, all cargo had to be manually loaded and unloaded into the haul of any ship or car; containerization allows for automated handling and transfer between modes, and the standardized sizes allow for gains in economy of scale in vehicle operation. This has been one of the key driving factors in international trade and globalization since the 1950s.[19]Bulk transport is common with cargo that can be handled roughly without deterioration; typical examples are ore, coal, cereals and petroleum. Because of the uniformity of the product, mechanical handling can allow enormous quantities to be handled quickly and efficiently. The low value of the cargo combined with high volume also means that economies of scale become essential in transport, and gigantic ships and whole trains are commonly used to transport bulk. Liquid products with sufficient volume may also be transported by pipeline.Air freight has become more common for products of high value; while less than one percent of world transport by volume is by airline, it amounts to forty percent of the value. Time has become especially important in regards to principles such as postponement and just-in-time within the value chain, resulting in a high willingness to pay for quick delivery of key components or items of high value-to-weight ratio.[20] In addition to mail, common items send by air include electronics and fashion clothing.[edit] HistoryMain article: History of transport Bullock team hauling wool in AustraliaHumans first means of transport was walking and swimming. The domestication of animals introduces a new way to lay the burden of transport on more powerful creatures, allowing heavier loads to be hauled, or humans to ride the animals for higher speed and duration. Inventions such as the wheel and sled helped make animal transport more efficient through the introduction of vehicles. Also water transport, including rowed and sailed vessels, dates back to time immemorial, and was the only efficient way to transport large quantities or over large distances prior to the Industrial Revolution.The first forms of road transport were horses, oxen or even humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails. Paved roads were first built by the Roman Empire, to allow armies to travel quicky; they built deep roadbeds of crushed stone as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from the crushed stone, instead of becoming mud in clay soils. The first watercraft were canoes cut out from tree trunks. Early water transport was accomplished with ships that were either rowed or used the wind for propulsion, or a combination of the two. The importance of water has led to most cities, that grew up as sites for trading, being located on rivers or at sea, ofter at the intersection of two bodies of water. Until the Industrial Revolution, transport remained slow and costly, and production and consumption were located as close to each other as feasible.
楼主你的信息不全，你把要查的论文题目或相关信息给我吧。我从我们学校图书馆给你查再发给你。不能查多了，要钱的哦。
浅谈＂角色扮演＂在语文教学中的运用
单击想要的一篇论文的标题进入对应的地址链接，再点击下载按钮，就可以下载对应的文献（格式可能是.PDF 或.CAJ）。
注意事项
（1）该数据库有并发用户，本馆镜像并发用户数：100；知网主站包库访问并发用户数：100。如果用户数满将无法进行检索，请稍后再试。建议避开下午、晚上等使用高峰期。查询完毕，请点击“退出”按钮退出系统。
（2）全文采用CAJ格式和PDF格式，CAJ格式必须用CAJ Viewer阅读，而PDF格式用Acrobat Reader和CAJ Viewer均可阅读。所以推荐使用CAJ Viewer。
请在本馆常用软件下载或中国知网主页点击“下载阅读器”下载并安装阅读器。“CAJ全文浏览器”已更新多版本，如果版本太旧，打开全文时可能会出现乱码等现象，请关注并下载安装最新版“CAJ全文浏览器”软件。
在知网上查找论文下看你要查什么论文，你可以结合关键词去查找，比如说你这篇论文由哪些关键词关键词的确定后通过关键词查找。还可以通过作者或者说发表年限之类的很多种查询条件。
用户需要进入知网首页，在首页的检索栏中输入论文标题，或者点击检索栏右边的高级检索按钮。根据自己的需求设置对应的搜索条件，点击检索后即可查找到相关论文资料。知网的检索栏可以通过主题、关键词、摘要、全文等进行文献检索，且检索栏中可以同时输入多个主题词或关键词，通过并、或、否等连词表示各个搜索词来进行搜索。知网即中国知网，或常被称为中国期刊网，是中国最大的学术论文数据库和学术电子资源集成商，汇聚了数量庞大的学术期刊、专利、优秀博硕士学位论文等资源。
还是需要再word里面进行统计字数。
当我们准备在学术不端网进行知网查重时，就会发现CNKI知网检测系统都是单次限制字符数：知网期刊检测系统AMLC，知网分解检测系统，知网大分解检测系统，知网pmlc，知网VIP5.1/tmlc2分别限制1.2万、1.4万、3万、6万、30万内，其中字数指的是字符计空格并不是单纯的字数。那么究竟该如何统计毕业论文总字符数呢？
第一步、首先打开Word毕业论文，可以在最上面的菜单项中选择【审阅】，然后可以看到【字数统计】如下图所示：
补充：如果你是老版本Word软件就需要在最上面菜单项中选择工具，然后可以看到字数统计如下图：
第二步、点击字数统计即可弹出字数信息如下图所示：勾选包括文本框、脚注和尾注，看字符（计空格）就是我们要统计的字符数。
值得提醒的是如果我们选择初稿检测系统时，字符计空格超出最大系统限制数，那么我们可以去除一些不需要检测的内容，依次为论文封面、原创声明、目录、参考文献、附录、英文摘要、中文摘要等，最后留下论文主体部分正文内容，学术不端网的一文章“影响知网查重总字数的因素”说明的很详细。知网查重时选择系统很重要。目前所有的论文查重都是按次字符计空格这个标准，生成的知网报告单中的字数也就是word中统计的字符计空格（有误差）。知网查重时，正确的统计字符数可以快速有效的进行查重，不会因为字符数超限而导致知网检测系统检测失败。浪费时间和知网查重指标名额。