英语报刊研究论文

英语报刊研究论文

　　Structure Features and Rhetorical Devices of English Newspaper Headlines

　　Abstract: With the development of mass media, newspaper is one of the major media for us to get information all over the world. Nowadays English newspaper is very popular and read all over Chine. However, many people still have difficulty in understanding English newspaper headlines even for some English majors. This is because English newspaper headlines have their own special features, culture backgrounds and different from the daily English we used in many aspects. This paper will then focus on the lexical, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines, which can help us to have a better understanding when we are reading newspapers.

　　Key words: Newspaper headline, Lexical features, Structure features, Rhetorical devices.

　　摘要：随着传媒的发展，报纸逐渐成为我们获取世界各地的信息主要媒介。现在，英文报纸的阅读更是非常流行。然而，许多人仍是很难理解英文报纸的标题，即使是英语专业的学生。这是因为英语报纸的标题有着它们自己独有的特点，文化背景和日常英语与我们在很多方面的不同。本文将重点放在词汇，结构特点和修辞在英语报纸中的特点，当我们在读报纸，它可以帮助我们有更好的理解。

　　关键词：报纸的标题，词汇特征，结构特点，修辞。

　　1. Introduction
　　Every time we pick up a newspaper, what come into our sight will be lots of news headlines. A headline has become an indispensable part of newspaper. The editor means to attract the reader’s attention through headlines. As a result, news paper headlines are usually specially designed to be short, concise, and informative to convey different kinds of information. We may be confused by the headlines like “Cater’s War on Waste”, “UFO Sighted”, “Smugglers Get Jail and Fines”, “Weekly Mag for Stamp Lovers to Be Launched”, ect. Yet without some knowledge of news headline features, it is not easy for us to read English newspaper. This paper has summarized the study of newspaper development in recent years and presents the lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines in details.

　　2. Lexical Features of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Lexical features of English newspaper headlines can mainly include four parts. They are exemplified as follows.

　　[1] Abbreviation
　　Abbreviation, which is used in a large quantity in English newspaper, means “A shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form”. Generally speaking there are 3 kinds of Abbreviations used in the newspaper.

　　① Abbreviation for organizations
　　Examples: UNESCO = Uinted Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization
　　PLO = Palestine Liberation Organization
　　IOC = International Olympic Committee
　　NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
　　APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference
　　FIFA = Federation Internationale de Football Association

　　② Abbreviation for profession and career
　　Examples: MP = member of parliament PM = prime minister
　　GM = general manager PA = personal assistant

　　③ Abbreviation for our familiar things
　　Examples: UFO = Unidentified Flying Object DJI = Dow-Jones Index
　　AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
　　GMT = Greenwich Mean Times
　　Laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
　　Radar = Radio Detection and Ranging
　　Sonar = Sound Navigation Ranging
　　TOEFL = Test of English as A Foreign Language
　　IELTS = International English Language Testing System

　　[2] Shortening
　　Shortening of different words in newspaper aims to spare more space or to cut down the length of the headlines.
　　Examples: grad – graduate hosp – hospital cig – cigarette
　　Cell – cellular Sec – second Reps – representatives
　　Info – information Int’l – international Deli– delicatessen
　　Hi-fi – high fidelity Hi-tech – high technology 3-D – three dimensional
　　G-7 – Group of seven A-bomb – atom bomb V-day – victory day

　　[3] Compound
　　Compound words in English newspaper are usually formed by two or over two words. By compounding, we can make complicated structure simpler, what’s more, save space.
　　Examples: ① “Plan to aid school dropouts extended” ( China Daily, Feb.5.1998 ). Here “school dropouts” refers to “the student who drops out of school”.
　　② “Li stresses corruption fight” (China Daily, Feb.6.1998). Here “corruption fight” refers to “fight against corruption”.

　　[4] Informal and Small Words
　　Newspaper headlines are likely to use informal and small words because small words have more meanings than big words and can be used in many cases. In news English these words are refered to as “synonyms of all work”.
　　Examples: aim——purpose, design, object intention, etc.
　　meet——assembly, convention, congregation, exam,etc,
　　pact——compact, contract,agreement,convention
　　deal——negotiationm,transaction,bargain,etc.

　　3. Structure Features of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Structure features of English newspaper headlines can be divided into two aspects. They are as follows:

　　[1] Omission
　　Omission is one of the major features of English newspaper headlines. Generally speaking, omission can be classified 4 types.

　　① Omission of articles
　　Examples: Italian Ex-mayor Murdered ( = A Italian Ex-mayor Was Murdered )
　　Tenth of British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed
　　(= A Tenth of the British markerel Catch Ground into Feed )

　　② Omission of conjunction and pronoun
　　Examples: USA, Vietnam Resume Talks ( = USA and Vietnam Resume Talks )
　　Have Dollars, Will Sell ( = If You Have Dollars, Will Sell )

　　③ Omission of “be ” and auxiliary verbs
　　Examples: Three Dead after Inhaling over Gas ( = Three Are Dead after Inhaling over Gas )
　　Married Women to Get Care Allowance
　　( = Married Women Are to Get Care Allowance )
　　PNC’s world views praised ( = PNC’s world views were praised )

　　④ Omission of verbs
　　Examples: Ballots, Not Bullets ( = Algerians Want Ballots, Not Bullets )
　　Pom peii Reported Seriously Damaged
　　( = Pom peii Reported to Have Benn Seriously Damage)

　　[2] Use Noun to Replace Adjective, Phrase, and Verb
　　Nouns are frequently used in newspaper Headlines to replace different words to form various structures. So nouns are the most animated words in news headlines.
　　Examples: Yugoslav pianist stirring music world
　　( “music world” = “musical world” )
　　Corruption Reports Against Police Rise
　　( “corruption reports” = “reports on corruption complaints ”)
　　Female axe murderer executed
　　( “female axe murdered” = “ a female murderer who killed with an axe ” )
　　Export growth to beat crisis
　　( “growth” is used to replace “grow” )

　　4. Rhetorical Devices Of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines mainly have six kinds. They are as follows.

　　[1] Imitation
　　Examples: The Son Also Rises To Save or Not to Save
　　The Road That Must be Taken Do as Maoris Do
　　The Great Mall of China Candidate in the Wind
　　iPod, therefore, i am

　　[2] Metaphor
　　Examples: A Dove Taking Wing
　　Whitewater May Drown Democrats
　　Trouble Brewing

　　[3] Alliteration
　　Alliteration is the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.
　　Examples: Pride and Prejudice Sense and Sensibility
　　Kill or Cure? Carrots and Clubs?
　　Solitary Soldier Tiger Tied Virtual Villains

　　[4] Rhyme
　　Rhyme is the repetition of an identical stressed vowel sound, followed by identical consonant sound but preceded by different consonants
　　Examples: Masculine rhyme: Foe/toe meet/fleet make/brake
　　Feminine rhyme: Revival/arrival mountain/fountain
　　Eye rhyme: Brain Gain/Drain Dream Team Wheels and Deals
　　Bubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble It’s More Than a War

　　[5] Pun
　　Pun is an expression that achieves emphasis or humor by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct meanings suggested either by the same word or by two similar sounding words.
　　Examples: Why is the river so rich? It has two banks.
　　Why are monkeys as talkative as women? Each monkey has a tail(tale).
　　Why is that female movie star so cool? She has many fans.
　　Which can run faster, heat or cold? Heat, because everyone can catch cold.
　　What is the worst weather for mice?
　　When it rains cats and dogs.
　　Why is the bride always unlucky on her wedding day? Because she can never marry the best man.
　　What is mind? It doesn’t matter.
　　What is the matter? Never mind.

　　[6] Idiom
　　Examples: Rome is not built in a day.
　　Third time lucky.
　　The seven-year itch.

　　Conclusion
　　To sum up, English newspaper headlines can use different kinds skills of lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices to create many effects. Besides the features mentioned above, there many other features in English newspaper headlines for us to analyze. Understanding the headlines of the news is a gateway to understand the whole news, so news headlines is an area worthwhile for us to go deep into.

求论文~报刊英语的特点

一、多采用Top-down阅读法

自上而下（Top-down）阅读是从语篇整体出发，把注意力集中在通过文字符号获取信息上，即按文章所给的标题先对文章的内容与含义作出推断，理解作者所要表达的意思。

运用自上而下的阅读法的关键是培养学生预测、推断文章内容和含义的能力，从而提高阅读理解能力。

通过略看文章的总体结构安排或文章的标题来预测文章的内容及深层含义，可从下列几方面去推测：

1.文章写了哪几方面的内容？

2.作者将从哪几方面来阐述？

3.内容将如何发展下去？

在阅读时要注意不同的英文文体，因为文体对信息的组织和布局模式有着重大影响。训练掌握各种英语文体的结构特征，有利于归纳文章和进行逻辑推理。例如：记叙文以叙事为主必定有三个要素：情节、人物和背景。情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。因此，阅读记叙文时，必须抓住时间这条线索，以人物为中心，弄清故事的发生、发展、结局。再如议论文和说明文有一个共同点，就是段落大多有主题句（较多地出现在段首或段末），要抓住主题句，发掘每一个主旨，弄清文章的中心论点，以便更加详细地预测文章的内容，吃透整篇文章的表层及深层含义。

二、正确处理好精读与泛读间的关系。

精读和泛读是阅读时两种主要方法，两者相辅相存，不可偏废也无法代替。

1.注重阅读材料的选择。

选择合适的精泛阅读材料是提高英语阅读的重要手段。选择字数为200左右，后面配有习题的阅读材料为宜。阅读材料体裁要多样化——叙事类、科普类、议论或说明类、广告类等。要注重文章的实用性。所选材料的难易程度以理解正确率达60%～70%，生词量不超过4%为恰当。

2.精读泛读相辅相存。

比起泛读，精读是点。对一些有一定难度写得较好的文章要进行剖析，要归纳、总结作者的写作意图、思路及中心论点，最后达到获取详细信息和深层次内容的目的。如果说精读是点，泛读即是面。只有通过大量阅读，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能扩大知识面，培养语感，提高对文字的反应能力。在泛读时，要根据上下文提高自己猜测生词的能力，不要一看到生词就查词典，要弄清文中批示代词和人称代词所指代的对象。要对自己进行限时阅读。一篇200字左右难度适中的阅读文章，争取6分钟之内做完其阅读理解题。在阅读时，要多积累英、美等国家的社会、历史、地理、文化及风俗方面的知识，这有利于提高阅读水平。要培养良好的阅读习惯。阅读时，要从意群上去看，不要逐字读，更不要用笔或手指边指边出声读，这样有碍理解文章的意思，而且影响阅读速度。

阅读是一个综合过程，阅读能力的提高更是一个循序渐进的过程。学生只有坚持不懈，锲而不舍地改进阅读方法，培养阅读兴趣，才能达到事半功倍的效果。

影响阅读理解的因素可分为知识性障碍和非知识性障碍。知识性障碍包括：1.词汇障碍2..语法障碍 3.背景知识障碍 。非知识性障碍包括：1. 心理障碍 2.阅读习惯. 3..阅读速度4.阅读技巧

（一）重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累

美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出：如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%；如果认得135个常用词，则为50%；如果认得2500个，则为78%；如果认得5 000个，则为80%；一旦记得10 000个，可达92%。可见，阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢？

1． 构词记忆法

据估计，英语词汇有100万到120万，但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中，让学生掌握常用的前缀（un/dis/im/il /super.）、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法，就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词，从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如：前缀super 有超过，超越的含义，就可以猜出supermarket （超级市场）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超级明星）等词的含义。。

2． 联想记忆法

由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词，如看到live vi 生活，联想到其他词性及用法，如，直播的、活的等词义。

3． 广泛阅读记忆法

“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读，就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。

（二） 牢固掌握语法知识

近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法，对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句，宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句，复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。

（三）、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识

英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇，该篇选材涉及地理，介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛（Easter Island）文章中出现了较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学，相对就会好些。另外在C篇中，出现了书刊号，如果熟悉这些，就会减少好多阅读困难。

（四）培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧

要养成良好的阅读习惯，就要求平时多朗读，背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外，有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读，这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯，作到不回读，不声读，不点读等。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才能提高。

除了良好的阅读习惯外，也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点：

1、略读（Skimming）即迅速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。

2、跳读（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不相关的内容一带而过。

3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中，不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典，或跳过去不看，都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境，单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒” 提高阅读能力，不是一朝一夕就能做到的。只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读理解能力一定会逐步提高。

希望上面的经验，能够给你帮助，至于介绍书籍嘛，我建议你可以通过多看看报纸电视来学英语，当然多和别人交流对英语水平提高最有利，毕竟你所处的环境对你提高英语很有帮助，最后介绍你看看英文版的哈里波特6，对你也许有帮助。
参考资料：来源于百度知道之蓝迪那 - 见习魔法师 二级

国内常见的英文论文发表期刊有哪些

《校园英语》省级知网跨库，是12月出刊，可以收全英文文章2版4600字符或9200英文字符起发。

《海外英语》省级知网首页可查，只收21年上半年的加急版面（注意截止到2020年9月3日，他还是只收加急的上半年版面）。

《英语广场》省级知网首页可查，SCD期刊，目前正常收21年2-3月的刊期，另外有个别年内版面可以免费加急到年底出刊，注意他的版面是按字算，不是字符。

《现代英语》万方收录的期刊，只收英语高教的文章。如果是文学的，如果必须是年内的。

《青年文学家》《作家天地》《今古文创》《文化学刊》也可以考虑去发心理学专刊《心理月刊》。

英文期刊：

《有机化学》创刊于1975年，是由中国科学院主管，中国化学会、中国科学院上海有机化学研究所主办的学术期刊。

主要刊登有机化学领域基础研究和应用基础研究的原始性研究成果。设有综述与进展、研究论文、研究通讯、研究简报、学术动态、研究专题、亮点介绍等栏目。主要读者对象为中国国内外化学工作者。

《物理学报》由中国物理学会和中国科学院物理研究所主办的综合性物理学中文学术期刊，为半月刊，被SCI-CD、SCI-E、Scopus、EI、CA、INSPEC、JICST、AJ、MR等国际核心检索系统收录。

主要栏目有研究论文、研究快报等，发文领域包括凝聚态物理和材料物理、原子分子物理和光物理、统计物理、非线性物理、等离子体物理、粒子物理与核物理、物理学交叉学科等。

《光谱学与光谱分析》是1981年创办的中文学术期刊，月刊，中国光学学会主办，中国科学技术协会主管。

主要刊登激光光谱测量、红外、拉曼、紫外、可见光谱、发射光谱、吸收光谱、X-射线荧光光谱、激光显微光谱、光谱化学分析、国内外光谱化学分析最新进展、开创性研究论文、学科发展前沿和最新进展、综合评述、研究简报、问题讨论、书刊评述。

《无机材料学报》是1986年创办的中文学术期刊，月刊，中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所主办，中国科学院主管。

主要刊登包括纳米无机材料、功能陶瓷（铁电、压电、热释电、PTC、温敏、热敏、气敏等）、高性能结构陶瓷、功能晶体材料、能源材料、生物材料。

无机薄膜材料、特种玻璃、环境材料、特种无机涂层材料以及无机复合材料等方面的最新研究成果，和上述材料性能的最新检测方法以及获得上述材料的新工艺等。

《金属学报》创刊于1956年，是由中国科协主管、中国金属学会主办、中国科学院金属研究所承办、科学出版社出版的材料冶金领域的学术性期刊。主要刊登冶金科技和材料科学与工程方面具有创新性的原始学术论文和高水平的综述性文章。设置有原始论文、短文快报、综合评述等栏目。

求一篇“阅读英语报刊有什么好处”论文，要英文的！！ 题目为：advantages of reading English newspaper

Structure Features and Rhetorical Devices of English Newspaper Headlines

Abstract: With the development of mass media, newspaper is one of the major media for us to get information all over the world. Nowadays English newspaper is very popular and read all over Chine. However, many people still have difficulty in understanding English newspaper headlines even for some English majors. This is because English newspaper headlines have their own special features, culture backgrounds and different from the daily English we used in many aspects. This paper will then focus on the lexical, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines, which can help us to have a better understanding when we are reading newspapers.

Key words: Newspaper headline, Lexical features, Structure features, Rhetorical devices.