sat论文模板
sat论文模板
From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these
factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come
to / arrive at) the conclusion that…
All the evidence
(analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n)
unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that …
It is high time that
we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the
improvement (development / increase / promotion) of…
It is high time that
we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable)
situation (tendency / phenomenon) of…
We must look (search /
all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present
(current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to
continue (proceed), will surely
(certainly) lead to
(result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of…
There is no easy
(immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem
of …, but … might be useful (helpful /
beneficial).
No easy method
(solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve
(resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of
(realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance /
significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the
right direction).
Following these
methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth
the effort.
Obviously (Clearly /
No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that… Unless there is a common
realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that…
There is little doubt
(no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention
must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of …
It is necessary
(essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps
/measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end /
fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).
It is hoped (suggested
/ recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate)
efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase
/ rise) of …
It is hoped that great
efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing /
improving)…
It remains to be seen
whether…, but the prospect
(outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).
Anyhow, wider (more)
education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /
serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of…
To reverse (check /
control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it
requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards
(attitude towards / outlook on)…
For these reasons, I
strongly recommend that…
For the reasons givenabove, I feel that…
sat写作怎么分析?
sat写作到底该怎么分析?
开宗明义:套路。
但我们先得明白为什么写SAT文章需要套路。道理很简单,没有套路,大多数学生都是瞎写一通,即使整篇文章写完自我感觉良好,好似行云流水,把该说的都说了,基本上分数都只能在5/5/5到6/6/6晃悠,想要那更高的分数,必须学习写作套路。
万事开头难,作文如何开头难倒不少英雄好汉。我在平时教学中也经常碰到学生开头段有的草草了事,有的长篇大论,其实归根结底就是没有掌握正确的方法。经过分析市面上所有的高分范文,我发现所有的高分开头都一个共性,它们总能准确地把握住评分标准中要求的四个得分点:
大家的开头要符合以下要点:
那么该怎样才能写好开头段呢?需要知道以下几点:
背景句的写法非常多样,比如名人名言法,钩子法,社会现象法,大家可以参照托福写作开头写法灵活选择。背景句要做到第一时间吸引读者,顺利过渡到主旨句,切忌长篇累牍,哗众取宠。背景句不是必要成分,不写也不会影响大家的文章最终得分。
2. 如何写文章主旨句?
我建议大家写主旨句掌握 WOSP原则:W即Writer,作者的名字;O即Occasion,文章的标题;S即Subject,文章的讨论或者描述对象;P即Purpose,作者的写作目的。大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
Writer:(Writer’s credentials, if any作者的身份,如果有的话就写,比如美国前总统)+ (Writer’s first and last name 作者的姓名)
Occasion: in his/her (title of the text文章的标题)
Subject:describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/expresses/recounts+(Writer’s subject文章的讨论或者描述对象)
Purpose: (Writer’s last name作者的姓)’s purpose is to (what the writer does in the text作者的写作目的).
主旨句常用词汇和句型:
use/utilize/employ/resort to/refer to/make an effective use of v.使用
The author makes an effective uses of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument.
persuade/convince v. 说服,劝服
(1) persuade/convince sb to do sth
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers to believe that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.
(2) persuade/convince sb of sth
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers of the urgency for American news organizations to increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.
(3) persuade/convince sb that
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.
build/give/deliver/construct/establish/convey v. 传达,表达
The author adeptly constructs his argument by using hard facts, logic reasoning and various types of persuasive elements.
小窍门:在写文章主旨的时候建议参考文末Prompt,会有意想不到的惊喜。
3. 如何写行文技巧句?
行文技巧句建议大家用最简单直白的语句,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
He/She effectively conveys this argument by using (skill 1), (skill 2) and (skill 3).
4.如何写目标受众句?
大家可以通过文章标题和出处锁定粗略锁定文章的目标受众。新SAT写作文章大部分摘自美国主流报刊杂志,因此手中通常是美国大众。但也不排除会有特殊情况,大家还要结合文章内容具体分析。目标受众句非必要成分,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
His/Her primary audience would be…
当大家熟练掌握开头段得分点以及基本套路后可以根据个人偏好进行个性化修改。字数大概控制在40字到100字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。
SAT官方并没有规定文章要写几个主体段,从官方给出的范文和学生考试的反馈来看,两到三段是比较合适的。与开头段写作类似,大家在创作主体段时也要认真把握每一个得分点:
接下来我教大家一步一步写好主体段。
1. 如何写段落定位句?
段落定位句只要写清楚技巧点出现的位置就可以了。
In the (first/second…) paragraph(s),Throughout the passage,
2. 如何写点明技巧句?
the author/Writer’s last name + uses (skill技巧名) to (describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/express) + (main idea of this section of the text 分析文本的主旨).
3. 如何写解释说明句?
点名技巧后要向考官详细展示该技巧点是如何在段落内使用的。解释技巧部分不宜过长,通常三到五句个句子即可。得分的关键是要有技巧性将原文关键信息用直接引用的方式穿插到同义句转化或总结概括的文本当中,三者缺一不可。直接引用的比例不要太高,尽量只选取几个关键单词或者短语,最多一句话,引用内容不要超过全部文本的10%。
单独使用同义句转化,总结概括,直接引用这三个手段中某一个难度都不大。但是想写出高分SAT写作文章大家一定要做到将三者巧妙地融合在一起。例如:
The author starts to talk about how we now rely on social media for our world news. He again backs up his claim that we need more “professional” foreign coverage in the United States. He explains how common people are providing the news. This may make for “speculation, propaganda, and other white noise into the mix.”
上文中两处直接引用部分都作为句意的重要部分插入到句子中,没有明显拼接的痕迹。 这里的秘诀就是尽量不要使用类似the author says/uses/describes“…”这样的初级语句将直接引用的内容与其他部分割裂开,错误示范如下:
Goodman uses evidence to support his claims that coverage of foreign news is dwindling. Goodman says “20 American news organizations had entirely eliminated their foreign bureaus.” He also explains “in the summer of 2011, the count had dropped to 234”
在直接引用原文时要注意以下标点符号的使用规则:
He enjoys “being the shining star,” and hates to be isolated.
He enjoys “being the shining star in the group.”
He enjoys “being the ‘shining star’ in the group.”
He says, “Being the shining star is the most enjoyable moment.”
He describes a scenery where “I [he] becomes the shining star in the group.”
4. 如何写解释作用句?
主旨作用句集中强调技巧对于作者的主旨的传达和展开有何帮助,一般用来传递作者的态度或写作意图;读者作用句解释该技巧对于读者的影响,或者读者读完该技巧的心理感受;结构作用句阐明技巧对于整篇文章段落之间衔接或者文章整体的推进作用。前两个技巧是必写的,最后一个作用可以省略,视具体情况而定。如下是解释作用句常用句型,请大家结合第二章中每节的常用句型,熟读并在写作时灵活借鉴使用。
新SAT写作主体段的展开主要采用以下三种方法:
方法一:常规法
1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence是如何建立文章可信度的(credibility)。但是要注意虽然Anecdote归类为Evidence,但是它主要作用在于抒情(emotional appeal),不建议在Evidence段中讨论。2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Reasoning是如增强文章逻辑性的(logic)。重点放在Cause-Effect,Comparison-Contrast,Concession。Classification因为分析价值低,不作为写作重点。3.主体段三:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。
方法二:简易法
1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence和Reasoning是如何增加文章可信度(credibility)和逻辑性的(logic)。这种方法即将Evidence和Reasoning结合起来一起分析,通常用于文章Evidence或者Reasoning某一项技巧点出现频率比较低,很难单独成段分析的情况。建议以Reasoning为主线,Evidence为辅助进行分析。2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。
方法三:经典法
1. 主体段一:主要阐述文章中Ethos的使用,即作者如何树立自己的权威和道德形象。2. 主体二:主要阐述文章中Logos的使用,即作者如何有技巧地使用Evidence和Reasoning来增加文章的逻辑性和可信度。3. 主体段三:主要阐述文章中各类技巧对于作者情感表达和读者情感的影响,主要集中于各类修辞和某些具有强烈感情色彩的Evidence,比如某些打动人的Anecdote。
作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。
结尾段得分点:
作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。
我用满分开头示范如何在同义句改写开头段。改写过程大体分成以下两个步骤:
Peter Goodman, in his “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America. Goodman’s purpose is to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting. He effectively conveys this argument by using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction.
同义改写最基本的方法就是更换同义词或者同义表达,如果没有可以替换的同义词可以考虑改变词性,比如动词和名词之间互换。
1. persuade可以替换成convince
2. increase 可以替换成 enlarge
3. reporting 可以替换成news coverage
4. using可以替换成the usage of
改变句型最常用的方法就是主动和被动句之间相互转化,熟练的同学也可以尝试合并句子改写从句。
(1)…American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting. 可以改成:
…the amount of professional foreign reporting in America should be increased.
(2) 将目的句和技巧句合并,并作适当微调
Through using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the amount of professional foreign reporting in American should be increased.
In “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” through the usage of example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to convince his audience that the amount of foreign news coverage should be enlarged.
当大家熟练掌握结尾段得分点后可根据个人兴趣适当增补删减和微调,字数大概控制在30字到50字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。
以上便是一份完整的sat写作技巧分析,希望对你有帮助,祝你成功上岸。
sat essay怎么写 知乎
一、Essay与Assignment的行文格式要求
Essay、Assignment或Report、Paper、Dissertation、Coursework,以及一些课堂上老师留下的“课后作业”(简单问答题),要求撰写的内容不一样,对应的格式也是不一样的(按照具体要求的格式撰写最为稳妥),部分Top30的院校Presenting会占到你Assignment最终分数呈现的15%,最核心的部分是Reference。在国内学术科研论文撰写上同样如此,你引用的Article内容没有按照符号格式要求呈现,稽查的结果多数会被认为是“原文抄袭”,然后你的Assignment就会直接判定为不及格。
二、article参考资料查阅(textbook+Online DataBase模式)
你在国内写论文怎么查找文献资料的,互联网+图书馆的模式(Online DataBase)应用最为广泛,类似在图书馆的电子阅览室,如万维网之类,在那里能找到核心期刊的高质量参考文献,还能有相关研究的具体指引,因此,给你介绍两种资料查阅方式,建议交叉运用。
方案1:根据你Essay、Assignment或Report的写作要求,然后在你这门课的推荐书里找到相关话题的书/chapter/article。课程相关的textbook,找到具体相关的章节/段落。还有,可以适当利用授课教师的ppt课件和lecture notes,找到和Essay有关的内容。以上这些都需要详细查阅,对于Essay Topic的理解,以及reference都有很大帮助。
方案2:用心精读Academic Paper来发展自己的观点与论述,Google能搜索到的内容是有限的,但学校的Online DataBase上的资料却是无限的,要转移有限的精力投入到无限的资料查阅当中。
三、快速便捷筛选需求信息的方法(在Online DataBase上查找关键词是基础操作)
1.写“关键词”提纲和行文计划:针对自己的Essay和Assignment列个提纲,把你想要表达的argument写出来,然后再但大脑中有一个主要的轮廓,如:我提出的假设是“美国年轻男性比年轻女性的同性恋观念更为开放”,接着你需要查阅的关键词“年轻男女”的年龄界定;“同性恋观念”的评分标准或已经检验可行的问卷等。
2.输入关键词,进行introduction和conclusion快速阅读:写一篇优秀的Essay和Assignment可能需要阅读上百篇有效的article,但是你要知道给你写Essay和Assignment的时间一般情况是极其有限的,在有限时间内完整阅读完100篇相关文献是非常不切实际的。所以要学会自我筛选,一般个人体验是进行introduction和conclusion快速阅读,快速分辨出有效信息,从而进行有效信息摘录,自己去判断整合这些参考文献是不是你需要的,是不是能佐证你观点的。
3.相关argument的直接筛选和引用:查到了很多参考内容,觉得有用的都下载了全文,但这么多,哪些内容是切实有效的呢。这个就需要和你前期的提纲挂钩了。如:假设是“美国年轻男性比年轻女性的同性恋观念更为开放”,关键词“年轻男女”的年龄界定(分类汇总相关参考内容3篇);“同性恋观念”的评分标准或已经检验可行的问卷(问卷相关参考内容3篇),要详细记录和说明。
四、reference的行文应用
一般Essay都是,introduction一段,2-3个argument,每个argument一段,或者某个argument内容多则分为两段,conclusion一段。一般introduction和conclusion不需要reference,但如果你老师对这个不太严,也可以适当引用一点(一定不要太多,introduction和conclusion的主要目的是为了简单介绍和归纳你的Essay内容)。在每个argument的第一句一般是点题句,直接简单的点明你这一段的内容。接下来则是详细的论述,论述句中,可以先写reference句然后再用自己的话解释,也可以先写自己的观点,然后用reference来支持。之后还可以再写一些具体example(也可以是reference)来进一步支持你的段落。一般每个argument至少要1-2个reference来支持,reference不是越多越好,而是一定要精准的和你的Essay衔接在一起,既能够支持你的论点,又能向老师表明你做了很多research。一篇2000字的Essay大概是10-15个reference。
五、Essay与Assignment具体问题具体解决
关于Essay与Assignment的具体写作方法,上面提到的基本模式其实就已经够用了,因为学校、教师要求、专业行文格式很多都不是一样的,所以没办法很统一地告诉你怎么去写。但既然到知乎来寻求帮助了,那就给你一些规律性的参考意见:
1.己查阅Online DataBase,自己动手,丰衣足食;
2.寻求授课老师、学长前辈、同学们的各方协助,拿到一些优秀的Essay范文,参考性地自己完成。
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