报刊英语研究论文

报刊英语研究论文

一、多采用Top-down阅读法

自上而下（Top-down）阅读是从语篇整体出发，把注意力集中在通过文字符号获取信息上，即按文章所给的标题先对文章的内容与含义作出推断，理解作者所要表达的意思。

运用自上而下的阅读法的关键是培养学生预测、推断文章内容和含义的能力，从而提高阅读理解能力。

通过略看文章的总体结构安排或文章的标题来预测文章的内容及深层含义，可从下列几方面去推测：

1.文章写了哪几方面的内容？

2.作者将从哪几方面来阐述？

3.内容将如何发展下去？

在阅读时要注意不同的英文文体，因为文体对信息的组织和布局模式有着重大影响。训练掌握各种英语文体的结构特征，有利于归纳文章和进行逻辑推理。例如：记叙文以叙事为主必定有三个要素：情节、人物和背景。情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。因此，阅读记叙文时，必须抓住时间这条线索，以人物为中心，弄清故事的发生、发展、结局。再如议论文和说明文有一个共同点，就是段落大多有主题句（较多地出现在段首或段末），要抓住主题句，发掘每一个主旨，弄清文章的中心论点，以便更加详细地预测文章的内容，吃透整篇文章的表层及深层含义。

二、正确处理好精读与泛读间的关系。

精读和泛读是阅读时两种主要方法，两者相辅相存，不可偏废也无法代替。

1.注重阅读材料的选择。

选择合适的精泛阅读材料是提高英语阅读的重要手段。选择字数为200左右，后面配有习题的阅读材料为宜。阅读材料体裁要多样化——叙事类、科普类、议论或说明类、广告类等。要注重文章的实用性。所选材料的难易程度以理解正确率达60%～70%，生词量不超过4%为恰当。

2.精读泛读相辅相存。

比起泛读，精读是点。对一些有一定难度写得较好的文章要进行剖析，要归纳、总结作者的写作意图、思路及中心论点，最后达到获取详细信息和深层次内容的目的。如果说精读是点，泛读即是面。只有通过大量阅读，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能扩大知识面，培养语感，提高对文字的反应能力。在泛读时，要根据上下文提高自己猜测生词的能力，不要一看到生词就查词典，要弄清文中批示代词和人称代词所指代的对象。要对自己进行限时阅读。一篇200字左右难度适中的阅读文章，争取6分钟之内做完其阅读理解题。在阅读时，要多积累英、美等国家的社会、历史、地理、文化及风俗方面的知识，这有利于提高阅读水平。要培养良好的阅读习惯。阅读时，要从意群上去看，不要逐字读，更不要用笔或手指边指边出声读，这样有碍理解文章的意思，而且影响阅读速度。

阅读是一个综合过程，阅读能力的提高更是一个循序渐进的过程。学生只有坚持不懈，锲而不舍地改进阅读方法，培养阅读兴趣，才能达到事半功倍的效果。

影响阅读理解的因素可分为知识性障碍和非知识性障碍。知识性障碍包括：1.词汇障碍2..语法障碍 3.背景知识障碍 。非知识性障碍包括：1. 心理障碍 2.阅读习惯. 3..阅读速度4.阅读技巧

（一）重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累

美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出：如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%；如果认得135个常用词，则为50%；如果认得2500个，则为78%；如果认得5 000个，则为80%；一旦记得10 000个，可达92%。可见，阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢？

1． 构词记忆法

据估计，英语词汇有100万到120万，但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中，让学生掌握常用的前缀（un/dis/im/il /super.）、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法，就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词，从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如：前缀super 有超过，超越的含义，就可以猜出supermarket （超级市场）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超级明星）等词的含义。。

2． 联想记忆法

由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词，如看到live vi 生活，联想到其他词性及用法，如，直播的、活的等词义。

3． 广泛阅读记忆法

“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读，就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。

（二） 牢固掌握语法知识

近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法，对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句，宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句，复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。

（三）、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识

英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇，该篇选材涉及地理，介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛（Easter Island）文章中出现了较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学，相对就会好些。另外在C篇中，出现了书刊号，如果熟悉这些，就会减少好多阅读困难。

（四）培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧

要养成良好的阅读习惯，就要求平时多朗读，背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外，有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读，这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯，作到不回读，不声读，不点读等。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才能提高。

除了良好的阅读习惯外，也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点：

1、略读（Skimming）即迅速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。

2、跳读（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不相关的内容一带而过。

3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中，不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典，或跳过去不看，都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境，单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒” 提高阅读能力，不是一朝一夕就能做到的。只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读理解能力一定会逐步提高。

希望上面的经验，能够给你帮助，至于介绍书籍嘛，我建议你可以通过多看看报纸电视来学英语，当然多和别人交流对英语水平提高最有利，毕竟你所处的环境对你提高英语很有帮助，最后介绍你看看英文版的哈里波特6，对你也许有帮助。
参考资料：来源于百度知道之蓝迪那 - 见习魔法师 二级

英语报刊的论文

　　Structure Features and Rhetorical Devices of English Newspaper Headlines

　　Abstract: With the development of mass media, newspaper is one of the major media for us to get information all over the world. Nowadays English newspaper is very popular and read all over Chine. However, many people still have difficulty in understanding English newspaper headlines even for some English majors. This is because English newspaper headlines have their own special features, culture backgrounds and different from the daily English we used in many aspects. This paper will then focus on the lexical, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines, which can help us to have a better understanding when we are reading newspapers.

　　Key words: Newspaper headline, Lexical features, Structure features, Rhetorical devices.

　　摘要：随着传媒的发展，报纸逐渐成为我们获取世界各地的信息主要媒介。现在，英文报纸的阅读更是非常流行。然而，许多人仍是很难理解英文报纸的标题，即使是英语专业的学生。这是因为英语报纸的标题有着它们自己独有的特点，文化背景和日常英语与我们在很多方面的不同。本文将重点放在词汇，结构特点和修辞在英语报纸中的特点，当我们在读报纸，它可以帮助我们有更好的理解。

　　关键词：报纸的标题，词汇特征，结构特点，修辞。

　　1. Introduction
　　Every time we pick up a newspaper, what come into our sight will be lots of news headlines. A headline has become an indispensable part of newspaper. The editor means to attract the reader’s attention through headlines. As a result, news paper headlines are usually specially designed to be short, concise, and informative to convey different kinds of information. We may be confused by the headlines like “Cater’s War on Waste”, “UFO Sighted”, “Smugglers Get Jail and Fines”, “Weekly Mag for Stamp Lovers to Be Launched”, ect. Yet without some knowledge of news headline features, it is not easy for us to read English newspaper. This paper has summarized the study of newspaper development in recent years and presents the lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines in details.

　　2. Lexical Features of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Lexical features of English newspaper headlines can mainly include four parts. They are exemplified as follows.

　　[1] Abbreviation
　　Abbreviation, which is used in a large quantity in English newspaper, means “A shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to represent the complete form”. Generally speaking there are 3 kinds of Abbreviations used in the newspaper.

　　① Abbreviation for organizations
　　Examples: UNESCO = Uinted Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization
　　PLO = Palestine Liberation Organization
　　IOC = International Olympic Committee
　　NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
　　APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference
　　FIFA = Federation Internationale de Football Association

　　② Abbreviation for profession and career
　　Examples: MP = member of parliament PM = prime minister
　　GM = general manager PA = personal assistant

　　③ Abbreviation for our familiar things
　　Examples: UFO = Unidentified Flying Object DJI = Dow-Jones Index
　　AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
　　GMT = Greenwich Mean Times
　　Laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
　　Radar = Radio Detection and Ranging
　　Sonar = Sound Navigation Ranging
　　TOEFL = Test of English as A Foreign Language
　　IELTS = International English Language Testing System

　　[2] Shortening
　　Shortening of different words in newspaper aims to spare more space or to cut down the length of the headlines.
　　Examples: grad – graduate hosp – hospital cig – cigarette
　　Cell – cellular Sec – second Reps – representatives
　　Info – information Int’l – international Deli– delicatessen
　　Hi-fi – high fidelity Hi-tech – high technology 3-D – three dimensional
　　G-7 – Group of seven A-bomb – atom bomb V-day – victory day

　　[3] Compound
　　Compound words in English newspaper are usually formed by two or over two words. By compounding, we can make complicated structure simpler, what’s more, save space.
　　Examples: ① “Plan to aid school dropouts extended” ( China Daily, Feb.5.1998 ). Here “school dropouts” refers to “the student who drops out of school”.
　　② “Li stresses corruption fight” (China Daily, Feb.6.1998). Here “corruption fight” refers to “fight against corruption”.

　　[4] Informal and Small Words
　　Newspaper headlines are likely to use informal and small words because small words have more meanings than big words and can be used in many cases. In news English these words are refered to as “synonyms of all work”.
　　Examples: aim——purpose, design, object intention, etc.
　　meet——assembly, convention, congregation, exam,etc,
　　pact——compact, contract,agreement,convention
　　deal——negotiationm,transaction,bargain,etc.

　　3. Structure Features of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Structure features of English newspaper headlines can be divided into two aspects. They are as follows:

　　[1] Omission
　　Omission is one of the major features of English newspaper headlines. Generally speaking, omission can be classified 4 types.

　　① Omission of articles
　　Examples: Italian Ex-mayor Murdered ( = A Italian Ex-mayor Was Murdered )
　　Tenth of British Mackerel Catch Ground into Feed
　　(= A Tenth of the British markerel Catch Ground into Feed )

　　② Omission of conjunction and pronoun
　　Examples: USA, Vietnam Resume Talks ( = USA and Vietnam Resume Talks )
　　Have Dollars, Will Sell ( = If You Have Dollars, Will Sell )

　　③ Omission of “be ” and auxiliary verbs
　　Examples: Three Dead after Inhaling over Gas ( = Three Are Dead after Inhaling over Gas )
　　Married Women to Get Care Allowance
　　( = Married Women Are to Get Care Allowance )
　　PNC’s world views praised ( = PNC’s world views were praised )

　　④ Omission of verbs
　　Examples: Ballots, Not Bullets ( = Algerians Want Ballots, Not Bullets )
　　Pom peii Reported Seriously Damaged
　　( = Pom peii Reported to Have Benn Seriously Damage)

　　[2] Use Noun to Replace Adjective, Phrase, and Verb
　　Nouns are frequently used in newspaper Headlines to replace different words to form various structures. So nouns are the most animated words in news headlines.
　　Examples: Yugoslav pianist stirring music world
　　( “music world” = “musical world” )
　　Corruption Reports Against Police Rise
　　( “corruption reports” = “reports on corruption complaints ”)
　　Female axe murderer executed
　　( “female axe murdered” = “ a female murderer who killed with an axe ” )
　　Export growth to beat crisis
　　( “growth” is used to replace “grow” )

　　4. Rhetorical Devices Of English Newspaper Headlines
　　Rhetorical devices of English newspaper headlines mainly have six kinds. They are as follows.

　　[1] Imitation
　　Examples: The Son Also Rises To Save or Not to Save
　　The Road That Must be Taken Do as Maoris Do
　　The Great Mall of China Candidate in the Wind
　　iPod, therefore, i am

　　[2] Metaphor
　　Examples: A Dove Taking Wing
　　Whitewater May Drown Democrats
　　Trouble Brewing

　　[3] Alliteration
　　Alliteration is the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables, esp. stressed syllables.
　　Examples: Pride and Prejudice Sense and Sensibility
　　Kill or Cure? Carrots and Clubs?
　　Solitary Soldier Tiger Tied Virtual Villains

　　[4] Rhyme
　　Rhyme is the repetition of an identical stressed vowel sound, followed by identical consonant sound but preceded by different consonants
　　Examples: Masculine rhyme: Foe/toe meet/fleet make/brake
　　Feminine rhyme: Revival/arrival mountain/fountain
　　Eye rhyme: Brain Gain/Drain Dream Team Wheels and Deals
　　Bubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble It’s More Than a War

　　[5] Pun
　　Pun is an expression that achieves emphasis or humor by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct meanings suggested either by the same word or by two similar sounding words.
　　Examples: Why is the river so rich? It has two banks.
　　Why are monkeys as talkative as women? Each monkey has a tail(tale).
　　Why is that female movie star so cool? She has many fans.
　　Which can run faster, heat or cold? Heat, because everyone can catch cold.
　　What is the worst weather for mice?
　　When it rains cats and dogs.
　　Why is the bride always unlucky on her wedding day? Because she can never marry the best man.
　　What is mind? It doesn’t matter.
　　What is the matter? Never mind.

　　[6] Idiom
　　Examples: Rome is not built in a day.
　　Third time lucky.
　　The seven-year itch.

　　Conclusion
　　To sum up, English newspaper headlines can use different kinds skills of lexical features, structure features and rhetorical devices to create many effects. Besides the features mentioned above, there many other features in English newspaper headlines for us to analyze. Understanding the headlines of the news is a gateway to understand the whole news, so news headlines is an area worthwhile for us to go deep into.

求论文~报刊英语的特点

报刊英语的语言特色

摘要：本文从语用学角度出发，概括了报刊英语特色，运用例句对词、句、段、章不同层面报刊英语语用特点
进行详述。
关键词：报刊；特点；语用功能

报刊英语的特点可概括为两词：简明、鲜活。这是由报刊英语的文体特性决定的。1、读报刊是随意的浏览，避难就易。求新猎奇。2．报刊文章时限性强，要求把最重要的信息以最鲜明的手法置于最突出的位置即“导语”中。由于以上原因，报刊英语讲究通俗易懂，简捷明快，小词短句。一目了然，生动活泼，袭面夺目。这在标题上表现得最为突出。本文拟从词、句、段、章不同层面举述其详。

一、文章结构的特点：
新闻文章的结构与常见的文体如记叙性散文的结构有很大不同：后者一般是先交待背景信息，逐渐进入高潮，突出文章的结尾；而新闻文章则正相反，将最重要的情节放在最前面，这部分称为“导语”(Lead)，实际是标题的扩展或标题内容的完整表述，独立成段，一般只有一句话，其后才是背景信息。背景信息或其他解释性材料也是按照由重要到次要这样逐渐递减的方式排列，给编辑留有较充分的删减余地和读者的选择、舍弃的自由。整个文章结构是“虎头蛇尾”，呈“倒金字塔”型。

二、导语的信息结构：
按惯例，导语要提供六个“w”信息：who，what，where，when，why and how因而导语虽只有一句话，但无论在信息量还是在形式结构上都很复杂，称为content—packedsentence．历史地看，导语有越来越短小精炼的趋势，也就是说，在撰写新闻时只突出一两个最重要的新闻要素。突出哪部分就将哪部分放在最前面。这样就使导语的句子结构变得灵活，不拘一格。从语言学角度讲，英语属于分析性语言，语序比较固定，一般是呈SVO(主语+谓语动词+宾语)型，新信息置于句末。而新闻导语语句则打破这种结构式，完全按照所要突出的新闻要素来安排语序。
1．突出“who”要素；
2．突出“what”要素；
3．突出“where”要素；
4．突出“when”要素；
5．突出“why”要素；
6．突出“how”要素。

形式为内容服务。报刊英语的以上特点是由报刊文章的写作方式、编辑方式和阅读方式共同决定的。从作者和编者的角度看，他们都受时间的限制，来不及精雕细琢，从简从快，尽管避免使用长词长句或晦涩的表达方式；编者为节省版面也尽量简化表达方式，把最重要的信息排在前面。另一方面为了吸引读者，又要考虑如何变换语言表达手法和排版方式以标新立异，一下抓住读者的注力。从读者的上看，但有一点是相同的，那就是挑简明易懂的看，挑有吸引力的看。随着报刊的社会影响面的扩大和低文化程度读者的增多，报刊英语的以上特点将日益突出。例如，句子有越来越短的趋势，短到让人一目了然的程序，“甚至让跑着的人也能阅读”。

英语论文发表核心刊物有哪些

如果你指的是英语语言研究相关的核心刊物的话，我给你作如下期刊的介绍：
1、《外语界》，ISSN：1004-5112
2、《外语教学与研究》，ISSN：1000-0429
3、《现代外语》，ISSN：1003-6105
4、《中国外语》，ISSN：1672-9382
5、《外语研究》，ISSN：1005-7242
6、《外语学刊》，ISSN：1000-0100
7、《上海翻译》，ISSN：1672-9358
8、《外国语》，ISSN：1004-5139
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希望有所帮助。