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车辆论文英文文献

发布时间:2023-03-09 21:07

车辆论文英文文献

沃尔沃车标历史:
In June 1915, "Volvo" name first appeared in a ball on the SFK, and formally at the Royal Swedish Patent and Trademark Registration Board registered as trade marks. Since that date, SKF companies produce go each group of automotive side of ball and roller bearings, are marked with a new Volvo logo.

In Latin, "Volvere" is the verb "roll" (rolling) and infinitives, for example, a pistol with a runner is called "revolver". In the use of first person singular form, the verb "volvere" becomes "volvo", "I roll" is "I go forward" means. Therefore, Volvo means "rolling forward." At present the Chinese name of unification as "Volvo", in the past have also had the "rich" in Chinese name.

Volvo cars marked by a graph composed of three parts: the first part of the circles represent the Roman god of war Mars, which is the ancient chemical symbol for iron - an arrow inside the circle, the arrow pointing diagonally upwards to the upper right corner. In Western civilization, this can be regarded as the oldest and most common of a trademark, which originated in the Roman Empire, is Mars, the Roman god of war and men masculine symbol of the concept of three different qualities, thus also embodies Mars and then to use to make the majority of weapons between the initial source of iron. Because of this, the flag has long been the world including Switzerland, as a symbol of the steel industry. The reason why the car on the use of the brand logo on behalf of iron is to allow people to recall the glorious tradition of the Swedish iron and steel industry, as well as a strong steely strength.

The second part is diagonal, set in the radiator from the upper left to lower right in favor of a diagonal ribbons. This band was originally out of technical considerations, is used to sign fixed to the grille on Mars, then it has gradually evolved into a decorative sign and become the most obvious sign of Volvo cars.

The third part is a registered trademark of Volvo company, is the font used for writing the ancient Egyptian word VOLVO.

In 1927 was successfully manufactured the first cars on display on the integrity of all of the company logo. This car marked the beginning since the first one has been in use since Volvo cars, Volvo's car as a clear sign of unusual. In addition, Volvo the center of the steering wheel can be seen the iron symbol.

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求关于发动机的英文文献及其翻译 用于毕业论文。急~~

Motor
vehicle suspension on the vehicle suspension system is a very important system.
Not only does it affect the comfort of the car (ride), but also to other
properties such as the adoption, as well as the stability of the attachment
have a significant impact on performance, each of the suspension by the elastic
components (buffers), body-oriented (from Chuan And stabilizing role), as well
as shock absorbers (from the role of shock absorption). However, not all of the
suspension must have three components. As long as we can play to the role of
the three.
Vehiclemaintenance for the conservation network 1, flying the classification
1.
Non-independent suspension: on both sides of the wheel mounted on a
total-vehicle-bridge, the train-bridge to fly through the frame and connected.
This suspension structure is simple and reliable power-but by two rounds of
shock and vibration affecting each other. But also because of the quality of
flying non-serious suspension of the poor performance of the buffer, the vibration
of a moving car, the greater the impact. The suspension generally used for
trucks, buses and a number of other ordinary vehicles. (2) independent
suspension: each individual through a set of wheels mounted on the body or
suspension of vehicular bridge, the use of off-Axle, in the middle of a fixed
frame or body; such wheel on both sides of the suspension by the shock
Hubuyingxiang, but due to non-flying than by the quality; buffer with a strong
shock absorption capacity, ride comfort. The indicators are better than
non-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension, but it
also drive axle, steering system has become complicated. The use of such
suspension of the following two categories of vehicles. Cars, buses and
passenger vehicles. Can be improved ride comfort, and high speed when driving
the car to improve stability.
Off-road vehicles, military vehicles and
mining vehicles. In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we can
make sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stability and
driving the car attached, to play a speed of the car.
le
yuan for the type of (1) of the leaf spring: the long-range multi-chip and
curvature ranging from the composite plate. After installed at both ends of the
natural upward curve. In addition to the leaf spring with a buffer, there is a
certain degree of shock absorption, vertical layout also has a force-oriented,
non-independent suspension using most of the leaf spring so flexible
components, save-oriented devices and shock absorbers, simple structure . (2)
of the coil spring: only a cushion for the multi-car independent suspension. In
the absence of damping force and mass functions must also be equipped with
special shock absorbers and device-oriented. (3) oil and gas spring: a flexible
medium as a gas, liquid as a medium-power, which not only has a good buffer
capacity, also has a role in shock absorption and at the same time frame of a
high degree of regulation may also be applicable to the use of heavy vehicles and
buses. (4), torsion bar springs; will be made under the torsion bar springs
fixed at one end of the frame, on the other side through the arm and connected
to the wheels, and beat at wheel torsion bar the use of reverse deformation
played the role of buffer, is suitable for independent The use of suspension.
3.
the use of shock absorber tube shock absorbers, the use of oil in the small
role to cut energy consumption vibration. Shock absorber and the upper body
frame or connected with the lower end of the train-bridge connected. Most of
the trip can be done and the compression of the dual role of the role of shock
absorber.
-oriented:
the flexibility in the independent suspension components, most of them can only
transfer the vertical loads and can not transmit vertical and horizontal, must
be a separate device-oriented. As noted, under the arm and vertical, horizontal
stabilizer, and so on.
5.
non-independent suspension: before and after the truckswere non-independent
suspension bridge, some vehicles such as buses and cars and so on, after the
bridge is also a non-independent suspension. Each car of the sedan chair by
hoisting two independent non-vertical arrangement of the composition of the
leaf spring. Leaf spring fixed in the middle of the train-bridge, with the
front end hinged frame or body, the back-end with the frame or body through the
ear hanging hinged or connected to use of skateboards. Top of the frame with a
shock absorber then, with the lower end of the next school Axle. The truck rear
axle and more without shock absorbers.
6.
many types of independent suspension, coil spring as the use of flexible
components. Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also divided
into vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under. Although many of the
advantages of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, the
Department of driving and driving more complicated structure of the bridge.

Keywords:
structure of the engine engine performance merits of a direct impact on the
performance of motor vehicles.
First, the use of fuel by the different
categories according to engine fuel, gasoline engine and the engine is divided
into two major categories of diesel engines.
1
.network Motor conservation maintenance, gasoline engine small size, light
weight, low prices; good start, when the maximum power of high-speed;work in a
small vibration and noise; suitable for small and medium-sized car in
particular, the use of high-speed ne deflagration due to the restrictions
can not be too high compression ratio, thermal efficiency and economy are not,
such as diesel. Gasoline is a mixture of the main gas pipeline in the form over
into the cylinder, compressed by the end of close to the spark plugs fire. The
driver to speed up the adoption of the control pedal into the cylinder of the
gas mixture to control the load on the engine, known as the volume of
regulation. Gasoline engine’s fuel supply system and ignition system is a gasoline engine
failure on the part of a higher proportion. Gasoline engine emissions of
harmful material composition of carbon monoxide, carbon compounds and nitrogen
oxides than diesel, and so on, but with the current electronically controlled
fuel injection system and other exhaust gas purification devices, which have
greatly improved. In addition, the gasoline engine’s
torque characteristics are very suitable for automotive use, can significantly
reduce the labor intensity of the driver.
2.
diesel and gasoline engine, diesel engine size, weight, high prices, poor start
(especially when the low temperature); work more vibration and noise; easy to
overload when the black smoke. Diesel is characterized by:
1)
the absence of the deflagration, as well as restrictions on the needs of the
spontaneous combustion of diesel, diesel engine compression ratio high. Thermal
efficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine.
2)
the same power, the diesel engine’s torque, maximum power at the time of low speed, suitable for the
use of the truck.
3)
is a mixture of diesel engine cylinder internal form, no inlet throttle, the
intake of small resistance. The driver to speed up the adoption of fuel
injection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation of
quality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons and
carbon monoxide content of less than gasoline.
4)
In the absence of the ignition system, as well as fuel supply device failure
rate low. Therefore, failure to less than diesel gasoline engine.
5)
diesel engine torque characteristics are not suitable for car driving cycle
needs, moving the stalls to use frequently, an increase of pilot labor
intensity. The main diesel engine for use in medium and heavy vehicles.
Second, the number of engine cylinder and
arrangement of the engine cylinder displacement equal to the volume of work
and.
Increase
in the number of cylinder engine will not only increase capacity, improve the
engine output power, but also to enable the smooth operation of the engine to
reduce noise and vibration. Hyundai Motor have adopted multi-cylinder engine.
Mini-car for more than 3-cylinder engine, small trucks, passenger cars and
medium-sized following for more than 4-cylinder engine; medium-sized trucks,
large cars and buses for more than 6-cylinder engine; Heavy-Duty Truck General
of 6-8 cylinder. 6-cylinder engine under a single row multi-cylinder in-line
mode; 8-cylinder V-type engines for alignment; some of the cars in order to
reduce engine height, length shortened, using V6, V8-type arrangement. Mini-car
use of 3-cylinder engine, most oblique way. In-line engine structure is simple
and cheap. The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher longer
more a way. V-type engines with low height, short length, but the
structure of the complex, more expensive price, suitable for large-scale
engine. Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast. Small engines used
aluminum alloy materials, large-scale multi-engine for the cast iron. Cylinder
head bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute a
closed cylinder combustion room, into the exhaust, valves are installed, and
spark plug valve, and so on.
Third,
the gasoline engine’s
fuel supply 1, the fuel-supply system carburetor gasoline engine fuel supply
line into carburetor and fuel-injection two major categories of carburetor main
oil installations operating principle is:
the work of the engine when the outside air In
the cylinder under the suction air filter to filter through into the cylinder.
When the air flow through the pipe section due to the smaller increase in the
velocity and pressure led to the decline in a certain vacuum. Float on the
interior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main inlet into the
spray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist,
known as fogging. And then to oil and oil-film evaporation space in the form of
evaporation, and the airway had mixed into the air mixture into the cylinder.
In order to achieve the economy, the main oil loading also uses the air brake.
The main nozzle at the indoor air, and along with a few scheduled to open
around the through-hole and air the same room. When the throttle opening
gradually increases, the air hole gradually connected with the air. Not only
reduces the vacuum so that the mixture-thinning, the main air nozzle is also
beneficial to the atomization of gasoline. 2. electronically controlled fuel
injection fuel-supply system carburetor fuel-supply device structure is simple,
reliable, cheap, easy maintenance. But the biggest drawback is that it can not
be precisely controlled mixture of concentration, resulting in incomplete
combustion, emissions of harmful ingredients, do not meet the stringent
requirements of environmental protection today. In addition, due to the
existence of the pipe so that the air resistance increases. There is also the
cylinder uneven distribution of gasoline and easy to produce and Qizu ice and
so on. In order to solve these problems, 80 electronically controlled fuel
injection system in the car engine on a wide range of applications more and
more.
electronically
controlled fuel injection system advantages: electronically controlled fuel
injection system (referred to as English EFI) has the following advantages:
1.
no matter under what conditions and in what conditions the engine can
accurately control the mixture of concentration, To make gasoline burn
completely full. This greatly reduces the emission of harmful components of
content, also has an excellent combustion engine of the economy.
2.
can supply, ignition temperature, such as centralized control, so that the work
of the engine performance, increased engine power output, lower fuel
consumption.
3.
the engine can always operate in a stable condition in a variety of conditions
so that all car drivers in accordance with the requirements of normal traffic.
4. In the absence of pipes, a small air
resistance. At the same time, difficult to produce Qizu, to the distribution of
gas cylinder uniform, and so on. The shortcomings of the fuel injection system
is the high cost structure of the complex and difficult to repair, and so on.
electronicallycontrolled fuel injection system of classification:
1) by way of testing the air quality into theway traffic density and speed of the way the two categories.
2) by way of fuel injection, the following two
categories. According to the location of the jet, into intake manifold junction
(SPI) and the jet intake manifold Department (MPI) are two jet, respectively,
also known as single-point and multi-point injection jet.
MPI is
currently widely used in the is currently widely used in the
way. Department of gasoline ignition gasoline engine ignition system are
generally three categories: contact-type ignition system, electronic ignition
system, computer-controlled ignition system.

车辆悬架系统中的机动车辆悬架系统是一种非常重要的系统。它不仅对乘坐汽车的舒适度有影响,而且对附件的稳定性等其他性能有着显著的影响。每个悬挂的弹性元件(弹簧),是车架(起稳定作用), 以及减振器的角色(减震)组成然而,并非所有的悬架必须有三个组成部分。只要我们能发挥三个作用。汽车的维护,悬架分类:
一 非独立悬架:两侧车轮安装在一根整体式车桥上,车轮连同车桥一起通过框架与车身相连。但这种悬架结构简单,可靠,制造方便,而是由两个轮冲击和振动轮互相影响。在载重汽车上被广泛应用。 但减震器的表现不佳,汽车行进中的震动越大,影响越严重,所以这种悬挂通常被用在卡车、客车和其他的普通车辆。
独立悬架:每个元件通过两侧车轮安装或悬挂在车架上,并且采用断开式车桥。安装了这种减震系统的车轮不易失重飞起,具有强大减震能力的缓冲器更是提供了舒适的乘驾感受。若一侧车轮相对于车架(或车身)的位置发生变化时,另一侧车轮不受影响。这种悬架结构复杂,且车身的平稳性和高速行驶的稳定性较好,因此在轿车和小客车上得到普遍采用。以上指标均优于非独立悬架,但是悬架的结构越复杂,驱动桥和转向系统也就越复杂。使用这种悬架的交通工有以下两种:
1汽车和客车等客运车辆:可以提高乘驾舒适度,并且当高速驾驶时能提高稳定性。
mining vehicles.越野车,军用车和采矿车。在路况不佳时,可以确保所有的车轮接触地面并提高稳定性,避免汽车起伏,发挥出汽车的速度。
二.弹性元件类型:1 钢板弹簧:它是由若干片长方形的钢板组合成的复合板,呈弯曲形。安装在自然向上的曲线两端。此外,钢板弹簧通过减震器起到某种程度的减震、传递垂直载荷的作用。在非独立悬架和导向机构中,也使用钢板弹簧这种弹性元件和减震器这样简单的结构。
2螺旋弹簧;只为多汽车独立悬架缓冲,在缺少阻尼力和质量职能的情况下,还必须具备特殊的减震器和导向装置。
3油气弹簧: 使用油液和高压气体作为弹性材料,不仅有很好的减震能力,可以吸收冲击。在同样情况下能够提供更好的调节作用,适用于重型车辆和客车。
4扭杆弹簧:汽车车架与车轮用扭杆弹簧,其一端固定在车架上而另一端与车轮连接,车轮上下跳动时扭杆产生扭转变形,靠扭转弹力来吸收振动能量适合独立悬架系统。
三.减震器减震筒的使用,油的使用可以切断震动造成的能里损耗。减震器上端与车底架相连,下端与车桥相连。减震器在大部分的行程可以起到压缩的双重作用
四.导向机构:独立悬架的弹性元件,大多数只能传递垂直载荷,并不能传递水平载荷,必须是分离的导向机构。如上所述,在力臂和垂直和水平稳定器等。
五.非独立悬架:非独立悬架位于卡车的前部和后部,像客车,汽车等一些车辆的后桥也是非独立悬架。每个轿车均由两个独立的非垂直的钢板弹簧构成。钢板弹簧固定在车桥中间,其前后端车架或车身通过耳朵悬铰链或使用滑板连接的。上面的框架用减振器的下端连接轴。车后桥一般无减震器。
六 .螺旋弹簧作为弹性元件被用在多种类型的独立悬架。 扭杆弹簧
torque Cup two-under.为独立悬架分成纵向和横向扭力矩杯两杆。 虽然独立悬架具有许多优点,但汽车将会通过更复杂的桥结构改进系统,驱动和驾驶。
关键词:发动机的结构发动机的性能对机动车辆的性能有着直接的影响。
首先,燃料使用不同类别根据发动机的燃料,分为汽油发动机和柴油发动机。
1网络汽车养护维修,汽油发动机体积小,重量轻,价格低;当最大速度运行是,启动好;运行时震动小,噪音小,适合小型和中型汽车,尤其是高速车。由于爆燃的限制,汽油机不可以有过高的压缩比,热效率,而且不如柴油经济。汽油是一种进入气缸中的主要气体管道的混合物,在压缩到接近底部的火花塞时点火。驾驶者加速踩油门时混合气体进入气缸来控制发动机的负载,这是常规。汽油发动机的燃料供给系统和点火系统是发生汽油发动机故障的比例较高的一部分。虽然汽油发动机比柴油排放更多的一氧化碳,碳化合物和氮氧化物等有害物质成分,但是,现在的电控燃油喷射系统和其他废气净化装置却有了很大的改善。但与目前的电控燃油喷射系统和其他尾气净化装置,极大地改善。此外,汽油发动机的扭矩特性非常适用于汽车,可以大大降低司机的劳动强度。
2柴油发动机和汽油发动机,柴油发动机的大小,重量,价格高,启动差(尤其是低温时),运行时震动和噪音大; 有黑烟,容易超负荷。柴油发动机机的特点是:
1)没有爆燃的限制,但柴油需要自燃,所以柴油发动机压缩比很高。 .热效率和经济性比汽油发动机更好。
2)柴油发动机适用于卡车,因为同样的功率,扭矩大,最大功率也大。
3)柴油发动机汽缸内的内部是的混合物,没有进油门,小阻力的进气管。 司机.司机加快采用燃油喷射控制板,通过改变发动机负荷,作为规管的质量,因为不存在缺氧问题,碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的排放量低于汽油。
4)由于没有点火系统,燃料供应设备故障率低。 因此,不低于汽油发动机。
5)柴油发动机扭矩特性并不适用于汽车驾驶循环的需求,移动的摊位,经常使用,是适合飞行员劳动强度的增加。主要适用于中型和重型车辆。
第二,发动机缸体及发动机缸体位移量相等的工作。
因此,增加汽缸发动机的数量,不仅能增加容量,提高发动机输出功率,而且能够使发动机顺利运作,以减少噪音和振动。现代汽车公司已采用多缸发动机。微型车超过3缸发动机,小卡车,客车和中型以下超过4缸发动机;中型卡车,大型轿车和客车超过6缸发动机;重型卡车一般6-8缸。6缸下单列多缸模式下,8缸V型直列发动机,有些的汽车,为减少发动机的高度,将长度缩短,安装使用V6发动机,V8发动机类型。微型汽车使用3缸发动机,大多是倾斜的。 .在直列发动机结构简单,便宜。 .缺点是,发动机的高度更高,长度更长。更是一个方式。
.V型发动机高度低,长度短,但其结构复杂,价格更昂贵,适用于大型发动机。

.水冷式发动机缸体采用整体铸造。小型发动机采用铝合金材料,而大型发动机多采用铸铁材料。
and so on.气缸盖螺栓是用在飞机上的固定块,除了构成一个封闭的汽缸燃烧室,进入排气管,阀门和火花塞等。
第三,汽油发动机的燃料供应1,燃料供应系统汽化器
汽油发动机燃料进入汽化器和燃油喷射器两种主要设备工作原理:
发动机工作时,外界空气被吸入空气过滤器,通过过滤器进入气缸。当空气流过管道部分由于较小的增长速度及压力的减少导致了真空。

汽车毕业论文参考文献

汽车毕业论文参考文献

紧张而又充实的大学生活即将结束,毕业生都要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有计划的检验大学学习成果的形式,那么应当如何写毕业论文呢?下面是我整理的汽车毕业论文参考文献,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

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[2] 中国汽车零部件行业发展模式研究 吉林大学 2007 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库

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[4] 汽车驾驶员前方视野测量系统软件开发 吉林大学 2007 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库

[5] 合肥汽车客运总公司发展战略研究 合肥工业大学 2007 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库

[6] 哈尔滨成功汽车维修有限公司发展战略案例 哈尔滨工程大学 2007 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库

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[122]牟晓杰.基于电子商务的福田汽车营销策略研究[D].北京化工大学,2015.

[123]吴景璐.迈梭电子上海有限公司汽车零部件营销策略研究[D].兰州大学,2015.

[124]于泊玲.低碳绿色背景下保时捷新能源汽车在华营销策略研究[D].北京工业大学,2015.

[125]王军皓.LZHY上海大众4S店营销策略研究[D].山东理工大学,2015.

[126]刘苏.大众品牌进口汽车在中国的市场营销策略研究[D].北京工业大学,2015.

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[128]李妮娜.福田汽车南美区域国际营销战略研究[D].湖南师范大学,2015.

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[130]邢斌.华晨汽车自主品牌营销策略研究[D].沈阳大学,2016.

论文格式说明

(1)题目(仿宋_gb2312,三号字)力求简明、醒目,反映出文章的主题。中文文题一般以20个汉字以内为宜,不用非公知公认的缩写或符号,尽量避免用英文缩写。

(2)作者(仿宋_gb2312,小四)作者姓名居题目下方。

(3)指导老师(仿宋_gb2312,小四)

(4)学校专业、学号(仿宋_gb2312,五号)

(5)摘要:200—300字左右(摘要两字字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号,加粗。内容字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号)摘要的内容应客观真实,采用第三人称撰写,不用“本文”、“作者”等主语,应反映文章的主要观点,重点表述研究内容及结论,交待相关的研究条件、方法等,必须重点突出、文字简练。

摘要中要突出描述作者所做的工作,不要或尽可能少地出现“介绍”、“总结”之类的词,用“本文研究了……”“本文提出了……”

(6)关键字:3—5个(关键字三字字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号,加粗。内容字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号)要符合学科分类及专业术语的通用性,并注意与国际惯例一致。

(7)正文(正文字体全部为仿宋_gb2312,小四。但大标题或小标题均加粗)

正文中的序号及标题层次 :文中的各种序号,全部用阿拉伯数字按顺序左起顶格书写。标题层次不宜过多,有标题才有序号,标题层次按第一层1,第二层1.1,第三层1.1.1,第四层1.1.1.1的顺序逐级标明,不同层次的数字之间加下圆点相分隔,最后一位数字后面不加标点,写法如下:

1 △△△△(章的标题,顶格,占一行)

1.1 △△△△(条的标题,顶格,占一行)

1.1.1 △△△△(顶格,接正文)

1.1.2 △△△△(顶格,接正文)

(正文内容要求:1、现状 2、存在问题 3、对策建议)

(8)参考文献(参考文献四字字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号,加粗。内容字体为仿宋_gb2312,五号)注意根据自己的大纲来进行资料的搜集和取舍,即根据自己的想法来控制和组织资料,而不是被资料控制。注意所搜集材料的正确性及用词的规范性。

按照下列顺序排列文章

论文总标题:字体仿宋,字号三号,20字以内,汉字

作者:总标题正下方,字体仿宋,字号小四

指导老师:作者正下方,字体仿宋,字号小四

学校、专业、学号:居中,字体仿宋,字号五号

摘要(“摘要”这两个字仿宋,五号,加粗,顶格):200-300字,仿宋,五号字

关键字(“关键字”这三个字仿宋,五号,加粗,顶格):3-5个词,仿宋,五号字

正文:仿宋,小四(如果包含小标题,小标题加粗)

毕业论文格式

一、 论文的格式要求

1.论文用A4纸打印;

2.论文标题居中,小二号黑体(加粗) ,一般中文标题在二十字以内;

4.副标题四号,宋体,不加粗,居中

5.论文内容摘要、关键词、参考文献、正文均统一用四号,宋体(不加粗);大段落标题加粗;

6.页码统一打在右下角,格式为“第×页 共×页” ;

7.全文行间距为1倍行距

8.序号编排如下:

一、(前空二格)――――――――――――此标题栏请加粗

(一) (前空二格)

1.(前空二格)

(1) (前空二格)

二、 内容摘要、关键词

内容摘要是对论文内容准确概括而不加注释或者评论的简短陈述,应尽量反映论文的主要信息。内容摘要篇幅以150字左右为宜。关键词是反映论文主题内容的名词,一般选用3-4个,每个关键词之间用分号隔开。关键词排在摘要下方。“内容摘要”和“关键词”本身要求用[关键词][内容摘要](综括号、四号、宋体、加粗)。

三、正文部分

正文是论文的核心,要实事求是,准确无误,层次分明,合乎逻辑,简练可读。字数不少于3000字。

文字要求规范;所有文字字面清晰,不得涂改。

数字用法 :公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻和各种计数与计量,均用阿拉伯数字。年份不能简写,如2015年不能写成15年。

四、参考文献

参考文献其他部分统一使用四号宋体不加粗。“参考文献”本身要求用参考文献:(四号、宋体,加粗)。

五、致谢

致谢

两字本身用四号,宋体,加粗,居中。内容为四号宋体,不加粗。

关于<电子技术在汽车上的应用>这篇论文的参考文献有哪些?

1] 马云超, 阮米庆. 变速器参数的可靠性优化设计[J]. 上海汽车, 2009, (01) :18-20
[2] 许国界. 一种可以增加缓冲时间的保险杠系统[J]. 上海汽车, 2009, (01) :31-32,40
[3] 王斌. 插电式燃料电池汽车动力系统总布置参数化设计[J]. 上海汽车, 2009, (01) :13-17
[4] 王丽. 浅析如何解决汽车过度发展的问题[J]. 山西建筑, 2009, (01) :42-43
[5] 陈小复. 美国插电式混合动力车项目[J]. 上海汽车, 2009, (01) :9-13
[6] 重点人物[J]. 上海国资, 2009, (01) :9
[7] 宋宏. “汽车银行”的相关分析[J]. 西南金融, 2009, (01) :64
[8] 王禹平, 吴建国. 关于白车身有限元模型实验验证的研究[J]. 上海汽车, 2009, (01) :25-27,36
[9] 舒斯洁, 张军, 王永生. 基于AMESim的车辆主动悬架系统的仿真研究[J]. 煤矿机械, 2009, (01) :69-70
[10] 汪立亮. 汽车图书的市场分析及选题策略(上)[J]. 科技与出版, 2009, (02) :46-48

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