消防泵房论文题目

消防泵房论文题目

关于离心泵开题报告

离心式水泵的工作原理是是靠叶轮产生的真空把水从下面吸上来再打到高处，如果泵体内没水的话，真空形不成，那水就吸不上来了，如果液位高于水泵，可以利用自灌的方式把水引入泵体内，不然也需要灌水。知道它的原理就好设计论文的开题了。

摘要：为了提高传统水泵房控制方式的不足，实时监控泵房各设备的运行状态，设计了基于PLC的排水泵房自动排水监控系统，分析了系统的构成和控制软件的编制。该系统采用西门子PLC作为控制器，通过检测部件等系统自动检测液位和其他参数，对水泵的运行进行自动化控制，并将数据传到上位机中，实现远程检测。

关键词: 水泵，PLC，自动控制

1研究背景

1.1课题来源

我国排水泵房控制系统仍由很多依靠传统的人工操作方式，而传统的自动控制大多为常规的继电器带动接触器控制，其控制器通常为电位器之类，是基于电气原理的纯电气自动控制，属于模拟控制方式。如一位式的模拟控制方式，这种控制方式精度低，可靠性差，除了一些精度要求不高的场合外，现阶段一般很少采用。

随着集成技术的迅猛发展，以微处理器为核心的单片机、PLC、工控机迅速渗透到工业控制的各个领域，产生了计算机自动控制。计算机自动控制的控制器是各种类型的计算机(包括单片机、工控机及PLC等)，其最大的优点是控制器能够存储并辨识特殊的语言(程序)，根据程序的控制思想发出各种指令，控制执行机构的动作，使被控制量满足系统的要求。本次毕业设计就是将落空的排水泵控制系统进行改造，从而实现整个系统采用计算机控制技术对水泵实行自动控制和状态检测。

1.2研究目的、意义和任务

从排水泵房控制系统比较落后，完全是人为手动控制的现状来看，它十分需要增加一套控制系统，从而减轻操作人员工作量，优化运行，延长系统设备运行寿命。本课题就是设计一控制系统来解决以上问题。本系统在设计的'时候是以某工程排水泵排水系统为蓝本进行设计的。但本系统的使用并不局限于某工程排水泵排水系统。

本课题主要的任务是设计检测部分、控制部分和网络(控制器和微机通讯)部分，通过检测部分检测主水仓、补水仓液位和各泵的运行参数，并送至控制器中，通过控制器实现电动控制或自动控制。并且将数据传到地上控制室的上位机中，实现远程检测。

2 文献综述

目前，许多工厂的排水系统还采用人工控制，水泵的开停及选择切换均人工完成，完全依赖于工人的工作态度和责任心，同时人工控制也无法准确预测水位的增长速度，做不到根据水位和其他参数在用电的风谷期自动开停水泵，这将严重影响工厂自动化管理水平和经济效益，同时也容易由于人为因素造成安全隐患。

2.1控制系统总体概述

本套系统设计控制分为三部分：

现场手动控制

地下控制室电动控制

地上主控制室远程检测

通过传感器对主水仓液位的检测，来自动判断启动几台水泵进行排水(自动检测控制)，或由人为地选择启动几台水泵进行排水(电动控制或手动控制)。同时也类似地控制水泵的停止。在水泵运行的过程中对水泵的相关参数进行监控，如压力、流量、温度、转速、负压。出现故障时进行报警，若出现严重故障时，则立即停止水泵，并报警。并且把所检测到的所有数据传到地上主控制室内的上位机中。

2.2系统控制要求

2.2.1 整体要求：

1、实现以下控制：

手动控制、电动控制、自动监测控制

手动控制时要能自动切断电动控制和自动控制;自动控制时要能自动切断手动控制和自动控制;自动控制时要能自动切断手动控制和电动控制。

2、电动控制：根据所要起动的泵来自动决定阀的开闭，只需人为的来决定起动或停止哪台泵。

3、自动检测控制：不需人为的介入，根据主水仓的液位自动实现泵的启动、运转参数检测、泵的停止及故障诊断报警。

2.2.2 具体要求：

1、现场手动控制/非手动控制转换(非手动控制包括电动控制和自动检测控制)，电动控制/自动检测控制转换

2、现场手动控制直接经过电控部分控制，而电动控制/自动检测控制则经过控制器来控制

3、自动检测控制实现水泵的自动起动：

(1)根据水位信号，确定要起动水泵的台数和哪台水泵起动;

(2)关闭要起动水泵的排水阀，并确定排水管路及各分配阀的开关状态;

(3)开启真空泵;打开真空泵与水泵连接的排气阀(;水泵开始排气，并检测水泵吸入口的负压信号;

(4)当吸入口负压信号到达预定值时，起动水泵(降压启动，由电控实现);打开排水阀，关闭真空泵与水泵连接的排气阀，关掉真空泵，水泵进入正常排水运行。

在地下控制室内要实时地显示所投入运行的水泵。

4、水泵运行时的参数监控：

水泵进入正常排水运行时，检测水泵运行的参数有：

(1)、水位信号

(2)、水泵的排水压力信号

(3)、水泵吸入口的负压信号

(4)、水泵的流量信号

(5)、水泵的转速信号

(6)、水泵轴承的温度信号

在地下控制室内要实时地显示所投入运行的水泵以上参数及主水仓液位。并把这些参数传到地上控制室的上位机中。

5、自动检测控制实现水泵的自动停止：

(1)、根据水位信号，确定停止水泵台数和停哪台水泵;

(2)、切断要停止水泵的电源，关闭排水阀;

(3)、根据水位信号，当水位低于最低水位时，停止最后一台水泵，步骤同上。

(4)、水泵全部停止后，系统处于自动监控状态，随时准备起动。

6、抢险排水：

(1)当水位信号超过警戒水位时(井底水平高度)，所有水泵全部开动(起动程序同上，逐台起动，防止起动电流过大);

(2)随着水位信号的逐淅下降，当水位信号低于安全警戒线时，逐步停掉部分水泵(停止程序同上);

(3)当水位信号低于最低水位时，停掉所有水泵(停止程序同上)，系统处于自动监控状态，随时准备起动。

7、水泵运行的故障诊断及故障报警

(1)、水泵不吸水(真空信号);

(2)、流量小(真空信号，压力信号);

(3)、水泵不上水(压力信号、流量信号);

(4)、转速变化大(转速信号、压力信号、流量信号);

(5)、轴承过热(温度信号);

(6)、内部声音异常，可能原因是流量大，吸入高度过大，吸入处有空气渗入，所吸入的液体温度过高。(流量信号、负压信号、温度信号)。

出现以上故障，及时报警通知操作人员;严重故障时，报警并停止出现故障的水泵。

3 设计方案

3.1 手动控制方案的确定

1.现场手动控制直接经过电控部分来分别控制各个元件，其所需开关有：

·现场手动控制/非手动控制转换开关

·各水泵起动/停止开关

·各水泵排气阀、排水阀、分配阀打开/关闭开关

2.输出开关量有：

·各阀开启信号灯

3.2 系统电动控制/自动检测控制方案的确定

根据现场具备的条件及系统的控制要求，得到泵房控制系统的控制I/O点配置及参数显示，主要包括：

1、输入开关量：

·电动控制/自动检测控制模式选择开关

·显示各泵参数按键

·泵控制按钮

2、输入模拟量：

·输入温度

·输入负压

·输入压力

·输入液位

·输入转速

·输入流量

3、输出开关量：

·真空泵、主水泵电机起停

·电磁阀/电动阀开关

·手动模式信号灯

·电动模式信号灯

·自动模式信号灯

·故障报警灯

现场控制由PLC控制网络组成，第一台PLC检测主水仓、补水仓的液位、控制3台水泵、并控制第二台PLC，第二台PLC控制4、5、6泵;地上控制室由一台上位机组成，主要接收井下控制室传上来的主水仓液位及各台泵的运行参数。

4 进度安排

2011年8月1日—2011年9月1日 查阅文献资料并撰写开题报告

2011年9月2日—2011年9月30日 完成工艺及失效分析研究

2011年10月1日—2011年10月31日 撰写论文

2011年11月1日—2011年11月30日 论文定稿，准备答辩

参考文献

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[2]朱晓青主编.过程检测控制技术与应用.北京，冶金工业出版社，2002

[3]黄继昌.传感器工作原理及应用实例.北京：人民邮电出版社，1998

[4]泵装置手册编辑委员会.泵装置手册.北京：机械工业出版社，1992

[6] 聂梅生.水工业过程设计手册水工业工程设备.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999

[7] 秦曾煌.电工学上册电工技术.北京：高等教育出版社.1999

[8]SIEMENS SIMATIC S7-200可编程控制器系统手册，订货号：6ES7 298-8FA21-V1-5D00. 2000

[9]李茂林.低压电器及配电电控设备选用手册.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1998

[10]王仁祥.常用低压电器原理及其控制技术.北京：机械工业出版社，2001

[11]周军.电气控制及PLC.北京：机械工业出版社，2001

[12] 殷洪义.可编程控制器选择设计与维护.北京:机械工业出版社，2002

关于消防泵房

(1)根据《建筑设计防火规范》(GB 50016--2006)规定：
1)独立建造的消防水泵房，其耐火等级不应低于二级，附设在建筑中的消防水泵房应按本规范第7．2．5条的规定与其他部位隔开。消防水泵房设置在首层时，其疏散门宜直通室外。设置在地下层或楼层上时，其疏散门应靠近安全出口。消防水泵房的门应采用甲级防火门。
2)消防水泵房应有不少于2条的出水管直接与环状消防给水管网连接。当其中1条出水管关闭时，其余的出水管应仍能通过全部出水量。
(2)根据《高层民用建筑防火规范》(GB 50045--1995)(2005年版)规定：
1)独立设置的消防水泵房，其耐火等级不应低于二级。在高层建筑内设置消防水泵房时，应采用耐火极限不低于2.00h的隔墙和l.5h的楼板与其他部位隔开，并应设甲级防火门。
2)当消防水泵房设在首层时，其出口宜直通室外。当设在地下室或其他楼层时，其出口应直通安全出口。
(3)其他要求：
1)消防水泵房应有与本单位消防队直接联络的通信设备。
2)在有安静要求的房间，对其上、下和毗邻的房间内，不得设置水泵；如在其他房间设置水泵时，应采用水泵的隔振措施。
3)消防水泵的布置、基础和管道隔振、吸水管和集水坑的设计以及泵房排水沟、采暖、起重、通风均应符合消防规范规定的要求。

要一篇中英双语论文 建筑给水排水

MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
STADIUM
1.给排水设计
饮用水和污水
ry Design
Water and sewage water
.设计基础
- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图
- 建筑专业提供的条件图
- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章
.Design bases
Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client.
Condition drawings from architectural discipline.
Current national design codes and related stipulations
2. 给水系统
通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.
2. Water supply system
For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks.
设计范围
包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.
Design scope
Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line.
给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.
Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.
3.用水量标准
- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0
- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0
- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日
- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计
- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计
- 消防用水:
消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时
卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;
Water consumption standard
- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0
- Staff 25L/person·day K=2.0
- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day
Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the
actual cold water consumption.
Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily
water consumption.
Water for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire
duration time is 3h;
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h;
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h;
在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房 设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.
在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.
在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.
为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.
Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.
Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.
Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.
Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.
4.用水量
最大日用水量:2.200m3/日
最大时用水量:220m3/时
Water consumption demand
Maximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/day
Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour
却循环系统
冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量
9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.
Cooling water circulation system
There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.
在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.
In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).
Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.
消防用水
消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计
卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;
自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;
卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;
一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;
Water for fire protection
Water consumption standard for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3h
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1h
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration is 3h
Water consumption for fire protection
Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively
Sprinkler: 79.2 m3
Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3
Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3
消火栓的布置
在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.
Hydrant arrangement
Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.
Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.
消防系统
防水泵房及消防水池
供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装 一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.
Fire protection system
Water pump room and water pool for fire protection
The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.
自动喷淋系统
自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.
除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.
Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.
Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.
排水系统
为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.
9. Drainage system
Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.
卷帘水幕系统
地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外
Drencher system for rolling shutters
Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.
地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.
地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.
There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.
Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers.
Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.
在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.
Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.
在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.
According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.
在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.
Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.

雨水系统
雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.
雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.
沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.
10. Rainwater system
Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system.
Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:
Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465
Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.
11.管材
- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.
- 直饮水管采用不锈管.
- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.
- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.
-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.
- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.
Pipe material
Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.
Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.
Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.
Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.
Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes.
Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.
当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池.
When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.
围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.
此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .
喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.
The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor greening.
The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .
The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.
2.0 制冷
2.0 Cooling
冷源:
空调冷负荷(估算):
本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.
Refrigerating source
Cooling load of air conditioning system
Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.
每台1200kW制冷机配一台 流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵
一次泵采用压差旁路控制.
通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump
Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.
冷源的选择:
根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.
冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.
Selection of refrigerating source
According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.
Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.
二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.
二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.
二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.
Secondary pump system:
Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.
Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.
Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps

空调冷冻水系统
由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.
Chilled water system
Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.
管材:
水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.
本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.
Pipe and duct materials
The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.
Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil construction. Air ducts are connected together by flanges.
一次泵系统:
供应楼冷冻机房
2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.
Primary pump system:

Chiller room supply building
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
保温材料:
空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.
空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.
- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.
Thermal materials
phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.
Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after chillers.
Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go through.
消声与隔振:
冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.
在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.
- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.
Noise reduction and vibration isolation
Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower noise.
Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators.
Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.
3.0空调和通风系统
3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
方案设计范围
Scope of schematic design
空调设计
Air Conditioning Design
在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:
西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室
东侧地下二层酒店门廊
地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.
首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救
In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdivide themselves as follows:
VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2
Hotel lobby in the east of level –2
Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1
Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0