英文摘要学位论文
英文摘要学位论文
英文摘要格式如下:
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距:统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。
4、英文题目:使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要:“Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词:“Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容:
(1)从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
(2)研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作。
(3)获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解。
(4)结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考:百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考:百度百科-论文摘要
英文摘要和中文摘要的格式是怎样的?
毕业论文英文摘要怎么写
Human resource plays the pivotal role in social economy development increasingly. 5P model is regarded as a very important model in human resource management, while it delivers the huge purpose and instant effect. But we have to realize that the application of 5P needs to one environment that cooperation of every department and plan the relevant policies, therefore enterprises utilize 5P model depending on practical situation. This anticle tries to realize the huge effect of 5P model very well through both discussing the content of 5P model and 洛北春酒业集团`s suessful experience.
是翻成英文吗 Civil service system is the embodiment of the management system of personnel administration regularity, is promoting the modern government and the development of administrative system of anization design, it is perfect with innovation, related to the government administration quality and efficiency improvement. China in 1993 adopted the national civil service system, began to enter the modern government personnel management track. But overall, pared with foreign countries, the civil service system of our country is still relatively primitive, theoretical research is still relatively weak, and there are many aspects need reform and innovation. Therefore, the reform of the civil service system in China has bee an important task. This paper will be based on the civil service system on the basis of theoretical study, through to the Chinese and foreign civil servants system recorded in the annealing preferred, incentive coordination, the protection mechani *** of the three major aspects of the public servant system at home and abroad, to reveal the similarities and differences, to draw lessons from foreign civil servant system beneficial experience to perfect our civil servant system design. 我只把你摘要的发来了
Abstract The core petitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of petitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core petitive ability should be paid profound attention. Depending on a bination of core petence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core petitive ability in China,then bines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core petitive ability . Keywords The Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture
Urban vulnerable groups is in the interests of the economic system transformation relative damage, marginalized groups, with social transformation, economic restructuring and social factors such as industrial restructuring, urban vulnerable groups is being increasingly prominent, and has affected our economy development and social equity. Based on the situation of vulnerable groups of urban studies, that the size of the vulnerable groups in recent years in increasing the survival of the city status of vulnerable groups have not been effective improvement, therefore, an urgent need for government-led, to establish and improve various policies and mechani *** s to protect the basic rights of vulnerable groups in order to achieve the goal of building a well.
Along with continuous development of market economy and intensive structural reform of publish industry, financial management play a more and more important role on the development and management of publishing enterprise. Publishing enterprises must change their concepts and pay attention to financial management, building and insisting on the sense of innovation and human-oriented financial management, actively exploring and building a sound financial management system which is adaptive to market economic management system and operation mechani *** . Publishing enterprises must try a variety of ways and means to resolve the outstanding issues in financial management, making effort to improve the qualities of financial workers, strengthening the informational construction of financial management, realizing continuous innovation on financial centralized management and aounts receivable management, so as to promote the publishing industry develop in a healthy and good direction.
Abstract: The woman known as half of the sky in an era of growing concern in the feminist context, hold up half the sky in other men - their pressure, their difficulties, their sad, seems to have been used to And even taken for granted. But Chili as one of the representatives of women writers, she works in many men have expressed the concern of this group. Loss of life, questions of love, of self-worth of confusion, as the mon challenge facing the hero. Thus, character. environment. the fate of one man without the image of the intersection in question to the reality: our way is, Where is tomorrow? 摘要还必须包括关键词的。
英文摘要可以用百度翻译,然后复制上去,目录设定很简单,在word或者wps里面有目录设定,选中目录点选那个目录设定可以来设定是一级目录还是二级目录的。
[Abstract] In the 1980s and 1990s last century, the economy developed at a high speed with the sacrifice of damaging the environments which caused serious environmental problems and social problems. Gov and society began to think about it, therefore in the process of production and manufacturing, enterprises should take the corporate social responsibility (CSR). With the improvement of social system, many enterprises have realized the problem of social responsibility. More and more enterprises find that it is not contradicted beeen achieving the individual economic goal and fulfilling the social goal. To enhance the consciousness and initiative of fulfilling the social responsibility, enterprises should fulfill the social responsibility to convey related information to the society. It plays a key role to develop the social responsibility and social responsibility investments because it can better bring in the public opinion pressure and Gov supervision. High moral standards aord with the enterprises’ long-term benefit which will help gain reputation and trust in the daily operation and long-term cooperation. Enterprises can really catch the advantage of taking the social responsibility, the policy and regulation that push the enterprises to fulfill the social responsibility so that to find appropriate conduct system. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, corporate obligation, significance of social responsibility, harmonious society
This thesis presents a detailed *** ysis of the current situation of the private enterprises of Chaoshan, gave emphasized *** ysis on both the advantage of its development and problems lied in, and found out the advantages as well as limitations of the district of Chaoshan. On the basis of this, this thesis also studied on the New Wenzhou Mode, while in the meantime proposed advices on the future development of private enterprises of Chaoshan district in view of strategy.
学术论文摘要格式规范
学术论文摘要格式规范
导语:学术论文摘要的格式规范是怎样的呢?摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论,是论文的重要组成部分。下面是我分享的学术论文摘要的格式规范,欢迎阅读!
1 摘要的定义与三类摘要的写法
国际标准ISO214-1976指出:摘要是一份文献内容的准确压缩,不加解释或评论。中国国家标准规定:摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要是读者判断论文价值,判断论文是否值得阅读的依据。会议所征摘要是决定是否录用全文的依据。写好摘要是科技人员写作所必备的基本功。如果一篇内容价值较高的学术论文,其摘要写得平平淡淡,不能体现论文的特点和学术价值,将带来一系列不利影响:失去被刊载的机会,需要本文的读者不会阅读全文,从而失去应有的学术影响;对中文期刊论文而言,难以进入国际检索系统等。
摘要分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要、报道—指示性摘要、结构性摘要等种类。学术期刊多采用报道性摘要,特别是试验研究和有定量数据的论文。对新内容较少,或数据少的论文用指示性摘要或报道—指示性摘要。摘要的内容一般由3部分组成:研究目的,研究方法,研究结果或结论。中文摘要一般200-300字,外文摘要字数不超过250个实词。摘要的详简程度和篇幅大小根据具体情况及要求而定,如期刊论文摘要、会议征稿摘要、博士学位论文摘要的差别很大。期刊论文摘要通常位于署名和单位地址之后。
1.1 报道性摘要
报道性摘要要求反映作者的主要成果,提供比较完整的定量及定性信息。篇幅一般为200-300字。示例如下:
示例1: (题名:BiSrCaCuO高温超导纤维)
采用激光加热小基座法(LHPG)成功地制备出BiSrCaCuO超导纤维。它性能稳定,工艺可重复性高。纤维最大长度达60mm,直径范围35-500um,其中细径纤维有挠性。超导纤维的起始转变温度为118K,零电阻温度为87K,临近电流密度为2.5kA/cm2 (77K,H=0,直流电流量)。纤维中超导相(2212相),显微结构有典型的取向性。纤维的超导电性与其生长条件及后处理过程密切相关。首次指出,a轴平行于纤维的轴向。
示例2:(篇名: 约瑟夫森结Alx-Al隧道势垒的实验研究)
通过X光电子能谱、阳极氧化电压谱和FISKE台阶电压的测量,研究了约瑟夫森结中ALOX-AL隧道势垒。发现结的隧道势垒最佳沉积AL层厚度为7nm,AL上形成了ALOX厚度只取决于氧化条件,与沉积AL厚无关,势垒AL氧化物可能含有一个像ALOOH态的OH基团。
1.2 指示性摘要
指示性摘要的目的是使读者对论文有一个概括的了解,适用于新内容较少,或数据少的论文。篇幅一般为50-100字。示例如下:
示例1: (题名 :冷轧槽楔外端与摩擦影响的定量分析)
建立了与Avitzuer不同的连续速度场,经变上限积分与参量积分求的槽楔冷轧变形力上界解解,并侧重定量的讨论了外端与摩擦对变形力的影响。
示例2: (题名 :白薯线虫的防治)
对密西西比州种植的白薯由于根节线虫所引起的问题作了讨论,叙述了1967年由蔬菜收获分公司实验站所进行的商品熏剂和杀虫剂的试验。对行间撒播的施用方法作了比较。列出了包括商品杀线虫剂vorlex、DOW WV W─85、DD和试验的固体杀线虫剂68 138及Dasanit的试验结果。
示例3: (题名:湘江水体中硒的分布)
[目的] 为给综合防治污染提供一定依据,对湘江水体中硒的分布进行了探讨。
[方法] 在湘江上游兴安县至洞庭湖的河口采集了28个底泥样品, 用气相色谱法进行分析。
[结果] 结果表明:湘江底泥已受到不同程度的污染,其中有些硒含量超过本底值数的十倍甚至百倍,大多数样品中硒含量较一般土壤和底泥为高。还分析了污染严重的霞湾港水样,结果表明此段江水中硒含量尚不高,在地面水最高容许浓度范围内。
1.3 报道—指示性摘要
报道—指示性摘要是对论文中价值最高部分内容采用报道性摘要,其余部分以指示性摘要报道。篇幅一般为100-200字。
示例1: (题名:柴油机燃用棉籽油的试验研究)
介绍了不经任何改装的S195型柴油机燃用棉籽油与柴油混合油或纯棉籽油的试验研究情况。结果表明,燃用棉柴混合油或纯棉籽油时,发动机性能良好,无异常现象;适当调整供油提前角、加大循环供油量,可以达到原机功率,而且烟度有所下降。还分析了S195型柴油机在试验工况下的燃烧特性和放热规律。
2 写作中的常见问题
要有摘要与论文分离单独出版的写作思想,对随文摘要,不要认为“全文在后边”,编写摘要可简单、随便。
应用“用(采用)...方法”、“报告了...现状”、“进行了...调查”等记述方法编写摘要。即,要用第三人称编写,不要用第一、二人称编写,不要用“本文”、“我们”、“作者”、 “THIS PAPER"、"THIS ARTICLES"等作为主语。
不用图表、示意图、公式、结构式和非公用的符号和术语。
要采用规范化的名词术语、缩略语、略语、代号、法定计量单位、简化字和标点符号。
避免与标题和引言在用词上明显重复,忌罗列正文中目次,小标题和段落标题,或结论部分的文字。
要排除在本学科领域已成为常识的内容和教材中已有的东西。
除非该论文证实或否定了他人已出版的著作,否则不必引用。
不要作自我评价。如:本文以变量代换为工具,利用高等代数的知识,证明了齐线性微分方程组的降阶定理,给出了一种实际的解题方法。因此,这个结论的证明不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且在解题过程中也具有重要的指导意义。
不要对题名等进行注解。如论文“分类指导重点突破加速农机化步伐”的摘要写成:农机化是农业生产力发展到一定阶段的必然过程,是现代农业的产物,在我国它的发展只能与农村经济发展水平相适用。因此分类指导即根据不同经济力、生产组织形式和现实物质技术条件,进行有效地指导、协调、组织带层次性的农机化生产。重点突破即在提高经济效率的前提下,在“化”水平上有所突破。
3 成功写作摘要的要点
摘要写作成功的诀窍是突出新贡献,并使之尖锐化。用精辟语句使新东西出现在摘要的突出位置。所谓新贡献包括:新技术、新理论、新方法、新观点、新规律、纠正前人错误、解决争议、补充和发展前人成果等。有的作者常常不在摘要中体现重要的研究成果,而到论文的后部分经分析推论等才指明,这是错误的观点和写作方式。
使自己新贡献尖锐化。即区别他人工作和自己新贡献不同之处(如:“想法”、“设想”和“已给出数学定义、模型”等的.区别),使之分离,使自己新东西尖锐化。新贡献不要多谈,要精辟。不能模棱两可,让读者去分析作者的贡献“新”在何处。而应指出来让读者看。但不能自我评价。
知识扩展:毕业论文报道性摘要范文
目的公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要是学位论文的重要组成部分,是展示学习者的专业知识和科研能力的重要途径。英文摘要的规范性、准确性、严谨性也直接影响到公共卫生硕士论文的最终评审。为繁荣医学教育,推动公共卫生事业发展,促进公共卫生领域的国际学术交流,撰写高质量的公共卫生专业学术论文英文摘要显得尤为重要。通过对收集的210篇预防医学与流行病学专业的优秀硕士学位论文英文摘要的结构和语言进行分析研究,发现论文英文摘要中存在的语言问题,对其进行确认、分类、统计和分析,探究导致这些语言错误出现的原因及影响因素,并对如何减少和避免这些错误,提高公共卫生硕士专业学位论文英文摘要的语言写作水平提出建议。
方法本研究釆用文献分析法与数理统计法,从公共卫生专业硕士学位论文中,即预防医学与卫生学一级学科下的环境卫生、劳动卫生、放射卫生、营养卫生食品卫生、个人卫生与保健、计划生育与妇幼保健和流行病学与防疫七个专业类别中,分层抽样,随机选取了 210篇优秀硕士学位论文,对其英文摘要的语篇结构、单词量、错误量、错误率和在摘要中出现的10种常见语言错误的分类统计,根据专业不同和错误类别的差异,比较分析可能导致各类语言错误产生的原因。
结果通过查找、确认、统计和分析,得出以下结果:(1)公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要总单词平均数为659.7±389.4个,各专业每篇平均单词数为环境卫生专业683.7±265.2个,放射卫生专业670.5±447.3个,劳动卫生专业619.0±300.1个,流行病学与防疫专业642.8±255.8个,营养与食品卫生专业692.7±275.2个,个人卫生与保健专业525.1±243.9个,计划生育与妇幼保健专业784.2±389.4个;(2)公共卫生专业硕士学位论文英文摘要平均每篇的错误数量为5.5±4.4个,每篇错误率(即错误数量/总单词数量)为0.87%±0.71%个。营养卫生食品卫生专业的错误量和错误率最高,环境卫生专业其次,流行病学与防疫专业错误量和错误率最低。
环境卫生专业平均每篇错误量为7.3±4.4个,错误率为1.10%±0.55%;放射卫生专业每篇错误量为5.0±3.1个,错误率为0.75%±0.17%;劳动卫生专业每篇错误量为5.6士3.7个,错误率为0.88%±0.28%;流行病与防疫专业每篇错误量为3.1±4.3个,错误率为0.49%±0.62%;营养卫生食品卫生专业每篇错误量为7.4±3.9个,错误率为1.19%±0.72%;个人卫生与保健专业,每篇错误量为3.7±2.1个,错误率为0.72%±0.39%;计划生育与妇幼保健专业每篇错误量为4.8±3.0个,错误率为0.63%±0.28%; (3)对各类常见语法错误进行分类和统计分析,所得结果为单词拼写错误在摘要中错误率为10.2%,单复数错误在摘要中错误率为11.6%,冠词使用错误在摘要中错误率为7.0%,介词搭配错误在摘要中错误率为9.9%,形容词和副词使用错误在摘要中错误率为8.2%,时态和语态错误在摘要中错误率为15.3%,用词不当(或称选词不当)在摘要在错误率为10.7%,主谓一致在摘要中错误率为6.0%,指代不清在摘要中错误率为8.1%,汉式英语现象(又称中式英语)在摘要中错误率为13.0%.其中时态和语态错误在摘要中错误率最高,其次为汉式英语现象(又称中式英语),主谓一致错误率最少。相关分析结果表明,公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要的语言错误出现与摘要写作语篇结构和摘要单词数量无关,七类专业方向在10类常见语法错误方面有差异,差异有显着统计学意义。
结论导致公共卫生硕士学位论文英文摘要中出现多种语言错误的原因是多方面的,分析其中主要原因可能是:大学阶段对公共英语基础知识的学习不够扎实、研究生录取时的英语分数线较低、大学及研究生阶段对于医学专业的英文学习自主性低、研究生自身及导师对学位论文英文摘要不够重视、主要精力都投注于专业学习和实验调查中等等。为提高公共卫生硕士研究生学位论文英文摘要的写作水平,有必要从强化教学、提高自我认识、优化学习方法、加强写作练习与讨论、增进国际交流等多方面入手。
论文英文摘要是中文摘要的翻译版吗?
是的,论文英文摘要就是中文摘要的翻译,一篇论文的英文摘要要与中文摘要保持一致。
英文摘要内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。为了国际交流,科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外文(多用英文)摘要。原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
扩展资料
论文英文摘要得到相关要求:
1、字数
题名不应过长,国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。例如,美国医学会规定题名不超过2行,每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格,美国国立癌症研究所杂志要求题名不超过14个词,英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。
2、一致性
同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。例如:工业湿蒸汽的直接热量计算,英文应是:The Direct Measurement of Heat Transmitted Wet Steam。
3、冠词
科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多,近些年有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。例如:The Effect of Groundwater Quality on the Wheat Yield and Quality.其中两处的冠词the 均可不用。
参考资料来源:百度百科--摘要
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