英文版的研究论文
英文版的研究论文
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。
如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。
二、提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。
正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
五、文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。
引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。
六、文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:
目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。
摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
扩展资料:
发表论文作用:
论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:
1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。
2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。
3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。
关于英语语言学的论文
Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies
二语词汇习得策略
[摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位,词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。
英国著名语言学家D.A. Wilkins (1972) 说过:“没有语法,人们不能表达很多东西;而没有词汇,人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇,从而提高学习效率和习得效果。
关键字: 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略
Abstract
Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect.
Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition; Vocabulary
Acquisition Strategies; Metacognitive strategy; Cognitive strategy
Introduction
With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects:Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation .
The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced.
The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion.
Literature review
1. The importance of vocabulary
As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary.
Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries.
A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985):
“Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.”
Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings.
In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language.
2. What does it mean to “know” a word?
Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words.
What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose.
The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy.
Conclusion
This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies.
Bibliography
[1] A.U. Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J.
Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987.
[2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York:
Longman, 1987.
[3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House
Publishers, 1990.
[4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language
Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15.
[5] 陈桦,张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究,2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春:吉林出版集团有限责
任公司,2009.
[6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究,1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1996.
[7] 吴霞,王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究,1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春:吉林大学出版社,2009.
外国电视剧英语论文有哪些研究方法
英文论文写作也是先做出摘要引言,然后提出一些理论,最后通过一定的论点查找到问题,解决问题的一个过程,提出问题是依据现状来说,解决问题需要解决你提出的问题,这是论文的一个核心,在致谢方面,需要特别注重一下就行了,那么英文论文中研究方法有哪些?下面我们就为大家介绍一下。
一、英文论文中研究方法有哪些?
外语教学和科研中的两大研究方法
(一)定性方法 (Qualitative approach)
定性研究的基本情况:
1. 研究者调查之前没有带什么框框;
2. 研究者可以作为局外人观察要研究的现象,让一切事情让本来的规律去发生,发展,
研究者不加控制和干扰;
3. 研究者也可以参与到所调查的活动之中或者以观察者的身份参与活动;
4. 在一般性的调查之后,可以进行深入的个案调查 (case study); 5. 所采取的方法是综合法和归纳法,最后成果多是描述性的或在描述过程中揭示一定的规律(即提出假设或结论) .
英文论文
(二)定量方法 (Quantitative approach)
通过一连串的数字,表格,图标来说明问题,如《广告语言中的语用预设》 ,陈新仁 ,1998分类:
统计方法 (statistical method) :人口普查
实验方法 (experimental method) :交际教学法比翻译法好
定量研究的基本情况:
1.定量法通常是从假设出发,事先有个看法;
2.定量法往往是要控制和操纵变量的;
3.定量强调研究的客观性,远离数据,远离当事人,是局外人的视角;
4.所得数据信度高,具有可重复性;
5.所得结论具有普遍性。
(三)定性方法和定量方法的比较
定性方法 定量方法
现象学观点 逻辑实证主义观点
1. 强调亲身参与活动而获得经验;
2. 只有通过个人主观经验才能认识人类行为;
3. 了解就是移情;
4. 依赖定性数据。
1. 强调用实验方法来获取数据;
2. 只有摆脱主观状态才能了解社会现象的因果关系;
3. 了解要保持距离;
4. 依赖定性数据。
综合法 分析法
1. 从部分到整体;
2. 整体观;
3. 面向内部结构;
4. 了解过程;
5. 假设一种动态现时。
1. 从整体到部分;
2. 成分观;
3. 面向外部结构;
4. 了解结果;
5. 假设一种静态现实。
归纳法 演绎法
1. 以观察材料为出发点;
2. 事先没有形成看法;
3. 探索性的,扩展性的,描述性的;
4. 可以生成假设;
5. 成果,描述或假设。
1. 以假设为出发点;
2. 事先进行预示;
3. 简约性的,推断性的,验证性的;
4. 假设检验;
5. 成果,理论。
自然观察 操纵和控制
1. 观察面广,但较分散;
2. 变量不加控制,有利于了解变量的复杂关系,但也容易顾此失彼;
3. 注意内容,但容易忽视形式;
4. 主观,但解释力强;
(四)定性研究和统计研究中的调查手段
1.观察 (observation): participant and non-participant observation; not knowing what is not known and structured observation 访谈 (interview): open, structured and semi-open interview
2. 笔记和日记 (log): detail is everything; chronological order
3. 录音和录像
4 . 口 头 自 陈 (verbal reporting): 边 想 边 说 (think aloud), 内 省 (introspection) , 回 忆(retrospection)
5. 问卷 (questionnaire): open, closed and semi-closed
(五)实验研究
真正的实验研究:研究者对自变量的控制;对被试者的随机抽样外 语 研 究 中 的 研 究 只 能 是 准 实 验 研 究 (quasi-experimental research) 和 前 实 验 研 究(pre-experimental research) 准实验研究
交际法比传统的翻译法好
Objectives: 交际法比翻译法好
Subjects: 两组(班)学生,各种条件(年龄,性别等)都是等值的,尤其是成绩也差不多。
Instruments : Procedure: 前测,分别教学一段时间,后测
Results and discussion
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