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网店论文英文文献

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网店论文英文文献

论文英文参考文献格式如下:

1、引用中的省略。原始资料的引用:在正文中直接引用时,应给出作者、年份,并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略,使用英文时,应用3个省略号在句中标出……,中文用6个若两句间的资料省略,英文应用4个省略号标出‥‥,中文用6个……。

2、大段落引用。当中文引用超过160字时,不使用引号,而使用“块”的形式引用起于新的一行,首行缩进4个空格,两端对齐,之后每行都缩进。

3、基本格式。同作者在同一段中重复被引用时,第一次必须写出日期,第二次以后则日期可省略。英文文献:In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000) described the method…Walker also found…。

4、单一作者,英文文献:姓氏出版或发表年代或姓氏,出版或发表年代。例如:Porter 2001…或…Porter,2001。

注意事项:

不同期刊,不同专业,不同高校的毕业论文对格式的要求不尽相同。引用类型主要分为期刊(Journal)、书籍(Book-Chapter)、专利(Patent)、会议(Conference)和毕业论文(Thesis)等。

强烈建议使用文献管理软件,通过选择格式类型自动填充。这样能省去大量繁琐的整理文末文献格式的工作。

第一,网络贸易是新型贸易,他通过网络平台连接,减少了传统贸易里面找客源,货源等等人力劳动,将贸易成本降低;第二,网络贸易是传统贸易的补充,虽然网络贸易有电子商务的种种优势(便捷性,无纸化、网络连接方便等等),但是他也不能取代传统贸易,因为贸易最终是人和人做的,网络也有他的劣势,不能当面见到样品,样品不能马上更改等等,所以网络贸易可以做传统贸易补充。第三,使传统贸易商加人网络贸易中,这样最终改变将来贸易方式,未来技术发展到一定时候,会以网络贸易联系客户,网络控制订单,达到一个新型贸易方式(即以网络来沟通联系,必要时在当面进行最后贸易合同签订,监督等等)

论文英文参考文献格式

在社会的各个领域,大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢?下面是我收集整理的论文英文参考文献格式,希望能够帮助到大家。

英文文献采用“APA格式”:

单一作者著作的书籍:

姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍:

姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码):

姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

php论文英文参考文献

[1]冯国良.基于Web及VRML网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.

[2]赵胜.基于B/S架构的Moodle网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].河北科技大学,2012.

[3]晏榆洋.基于web的在线网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2013.

[4]王逾西.动态网页的数据库连接技术[J].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报,2010,12(1):41-43.

[5]徐一菲,陈光柱,沈春丰等.基于PHP网站的远程控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息,2010,26(15):135-136,115.

[6]丁鲁南,康梅娟.基于WAMP的红色文化动态网站的设计[J].科技资讯,2012,(26):20-20.

[7]滕文.基于MVC模式的PHP程序开发[J].科技视界,2012,(28):262.

[8]郭雪清,肖飞,黄正东,王光华,宋莉莉,张伟.医院绩效管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].中国数字医学,2014,13(15)03:12-14+17.

[9]袁永革.试析医院管理信息系统的设计思想及其实施[J].计算机与信息技术,2014,16(18),03:91-94.

财务论文英文参考文献

[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 (5): 641-654.

[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8(2); 121-130.

[3]Beckhard,R“Dyer Jr.,. Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 (1): 5-12.

[4Casson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47(1):10 - 23.

[5]Alchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62(5): 777-795.

[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: .

[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72(3): 229-241.

[8]Chrisman, ., Chua,., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18(4): 441-448

动画论文英文参考文献范例多则

[1]程曼丽、王维佳:《对外传播及其效果研究》[M],北京大学出版社,2011年,36页.

[2]冯捃、何春耕:《《功夫熊猫》的跨文化传播分层解读》[J],《电影评介》,2014年第5期37-40页.

[3]范文杰、戴雪梅:《无意识一内隐认知理论的演变历程回顾及展望》[J],《重庆工商大学学报》,2009年第6期,596-601页.

[4]管文虎等:《国家形象论》[M],电子科技大学出版社,1999年,23页.

[5]郭秀艳、崔光成:《内隐学习本质特征的实验研究》[J],《心理科学》,2002年第1期,43-46页.

[6]陈晓云:《动画电影:叙事与意识形态》[J],《上海大学学报(社会科学版)》,2010年第5期,54-60页.

[7]黄国文、徐裙:《语篇分析与话语分析》[J],《外语与外语教学》,2006年第10期,2-6页.

[8]李德顺:《普遍价值与其可观基她》[J],《中国社会科学》,1998年第6期,5-14 页.

[9]刘丽英:《国家形象研究文献述评及营销视角分析一基于CSSCI(2001-2011)的研究》卬,《学术探索》,2014年第2期,120-123页.

学术论文英文参考文献注入格式

一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。

按照现行规定,学术期刊中论文参考文献的.标注采用顺序编码制,即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者,用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了,应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样,按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同,但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为:

专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。起止页码(任选)。

示例:[1]Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.

期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码。

示例:[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3):365- 386.

论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。析出文献起止页码。

示例:[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.),Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.[5]

报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名,出版日期(版次)。

示例:[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。

电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址,发表或更新日期。

示例:[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. .

二、关于英文人名的标注。

现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求,英文人名的标注较为混乱,有标注全名的,有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的,还有在姓、名之间加圆点的,后者是我国翻译作品中,中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实,标注英文人名是有章可循的,在国外学术着作的参考文献中,关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式,即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时,要求姓在前、名在后,姓与名之间用逗号隔开,姓的词首字母大写,其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示,后加缩写符号圆点,缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后,在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名,最后一个词是姓,应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。

1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时,以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一,即以姓作为检索目标之一。

2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里,姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者,还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点,也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味,缩写符号不可省略。

3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同,体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求,符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用,也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。

对于复姓情况,如Jory Albores-Saavedra等,在引用标注时,应将复姓全部写出,即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况,如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等,标注时不能省略,应同姓一起提到前面标注,如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象,对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的词首字母大写,表示它是姓的一部分,标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写,则表示它不是姓的一部分,姓Bery前置时,van den仍留在原来的位置,并且不可缩写或省略,标注为Bery,G. van den.另外,对于“姓名+学位”的情况,标注时一般把“学位”删去,不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.

一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时,标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外,作者与作者之间用逗号分开,最后一位作者前加&符号,如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者,之后加etc.表示。

三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。

发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容,标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置,是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据,不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年,这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况,并加圆括号,这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后,如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。

四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。

由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确,目前有把析出文献名排成斜体,而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的,混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力,正确的编排要求与此相反,国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致,因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。

英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯,论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同,故排成斜体,析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题,不具有书名的分量,故不可排成斜体。

在标注原文献名及作者时,原文献多指论文集或与之类似的著作,英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整,名缩写为词首大写字母,后加缩写符号圆点,姓完整标出,不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点,词首字母大写,外加圆括号,如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.),如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名,后加注出版年,起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时,作者姓名同上述情况一样,前后次序不作调整,分别标出,编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。

文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求,国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然,在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识,是技术上的要求,那么就应当统一要求标注,从“可不标出”来看,尚未有技术上的要求。因而,文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。

五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。

出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容,标示版权信息,不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行,出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了,由于市场经济高度成熟,语言通用程度高,着作权被普遍保护等原因,一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行,出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时,应当一一标出,中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市,标注城市名,不可标注为国家名。

参考文献补充了文章的重要信息,涉及范围十分广泛。因而,希望在修订现行编排规范时,对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定,以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循,亦使这项工作更加规范。

java论文英文的参考文献

参考文献:

[1]王庆智.王喜富.基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究[A].第五届中国工业企业物流论坛论文集[C].2007(8)

[2]张翔.基于XML与Java技术构建电子政务系统的方法研究[D].西北大学.2008(5)

[3]符强.基于Java动态编程技术的软件自愈合构架研究[D].西北工业大学.2007(3)

[4]徐伟.赵嵩正.蒋维杨,基于功能的区域物流信息平台体系结构研究[J].情报杂志.2008(27)

[5]白磊,李芙玲.基于工作过程导向的JAVA程序设计课程教学研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,(04):92-95.

[6]赖小平.基于工作过程导向的《Java程序设计》课程开发与实践[J].福建电脑,2015,(05):52-53.

[7]孙晓奇,李胜,张文娇.基于工作过程的教学模式在java课程中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2014,(02):338-339.

参考文献:

[1]李舒,陈丽君.高校学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现[J].辽宁大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(3):283-285.

[2]徐亮.高校智能排课系统的研究[J].电子设计工程,2013,21(7):24-27.

[3]张小红.高校排课系统的设计与实现[J].电子科技,2012,25(7):45-47.

[4]苏贞,陈海关.高校智能排课系统中蚁群算法的应用探讨[J].兰州教育学院学报,2013,29(7):120-121.

[5]叶波霞浅谈大学生兼职在大学生活的重要性[J].中小企业管理与科技,2014,(33)

[6]王丽晖.关于大学生兼职现象的几点思考*高校一线思政工作者视角下的大学生兼职现象[J].2009,10(04)

参考文献:

[1]常征.功能测试中自动化测试框架的分析与应用[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.

[2]徐骋.Android应用软件自动化测试框架的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2015.

[3]路静,王琪.一种基于功能测试的自动化测试框架[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005(23):25-26.

[4]曾北溟.自动化测试框架的研究与实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.

[5]步倩倩.面向GUI软件的自动化测试框架的研究与应用[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.

[6]郝义鹏.基于关键字驱动自动化测试平台的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.

[7]侯菊敏.基于Android的关键字驱动自动化测试框架研究[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

[8]区立斌.基于层次关键字驱动的自动化测试框架设计与应用[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

[9]郝晓晓,张卫丰.基于XML的SDK自动化测试框架的设计与实现[J].计算机技术与发展,2010(4):101-104.

[10]谢文哲.基于模块化测试框架的单元自动化测试框架的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.

[11]陈健.基于模型的数据处理系统的自动化测试框架[D].北京:中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院),2013.

论文文献网店

论文参考文献可以找的网站如下:

1、知网国内最大知识库,还有批量导出参考文献功能。

2、谷歌学术收录各个领域学术资料的免费搜索引擎。ScienceDirect收录的期刊是世界上公认的高质量学术期刊。

3、Web of Science数据库是国际公认的反映科学研究水准的数据库。检索精确到文献被收录的期刊、出版公司、作者、日期、页码等。

按照字面的意思,参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。然而,按照GB/T7714-2015《信息与文献 参考文献著录规则》的定义,文后参考文献是指:为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。

根据《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范(试行)》和《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范(修订版)》的要求,很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分,将注释规定为对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字,列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。

如下:

1.论文驿站

【论文驿站】提供一站式的论文、专利下载,面向全社会开放,校外网也可以下载,更支持全球网络下载,支持包括知网、万方数据、维普资讯、超星图书、高研数据、龙源期刊、博看杂志等数十个资源库。

正如网站的口号:“一人一号,享高速不限量论文,专利下载服务”,在这个网站你可以随意下载到自己想要的资源。

(开放存取期刊、开源数据库)

OALib是基于一个开放存取的元数据库的搜索引擎,提供的开源论文超过4,359,987篇。

涵盖:数学、物理、化学、工程、生物、材料、科学,科技,医学以及人文社科等多领域,覆盖多达311个学科论文,全部免注册、免费用就可以进行下载。

同时,OALIB也在不断努力,持续更新优质学术论文,让更多的学者可以享受到免费的论文下载,促进学术的流动。

同时,OALib提供了强大的页面快照功能,不用下载论文就能看到标题、作者、关键词等核心信息,方便你选择适合自己的论文,大幅提升了查找效率。

HighWire由美国斯坦福大学图书馆创立,号称“世界上最大的免费科学期刊库”,拥有916种不同类型的期刊可供你免费下载。

其中超过103万篇论文可以免费获取全文,涵盖生命科学、医学、物理学、社会科学等多个领域的论文你都可以在这里下载到,重点是该网站的论文数量仍在不断增加,绝对可以满足你的写作需求。

Intute是英国的一个高等教育,继续教育和技能领域的非盈利性组织,提供了大量的免费论文下载,资源数量到达了120060 篇,全部都可以免费进行下载。

主要涵盖了:科学与技术、艺术与人文、社会科学、健康与生命科学四大领域的论文。

包括:农业、生物学、环境科学、工程技术、应用科学、医学与生命科学、物理学、化学、经济学等诸多学科的论文你都可以在这里下载到。

并且由专业领域的专家进行审核和评估,论文质量有保证,无需担心下载到劣质的资源。

支持布尔逻辑语检索,可以使用的限定词包括:“and” ,“or” ,“nor”,“xor(亦或)”,检索关键词则可以是题名、作者、摘要、领域描述,并且支持强大的智能搜索功能,帮助你快速找到自己想要的资源。

FindaRticles 是一个老牌学术站点,成立至今已经21年,拥有1000万+学术资源,其中99%以上的论文可供你免费下载,除了传统的论文外,还提供了3000+新闻和杂志来源刊物,极大地丰富了大家下载论文的多样化需求。

涵盖的领域包括:艺术、商业、计算机、商业、金融、教育、体育、时事新闻、娱乐健身以及社会百态等,总有一款适合你!

其不仅支持英文检索,也支持中文检索,你同样可以在这里下载到大量的中文刊物。例如我们输入“2018年中国旅游业”,立即就会弹出大量相关文献。

参考文献自动生成:

知网

百度学术:

谷歌学术:

查找参考文献的网站

1、文献党下载器()一款资源集成的文献下载平台,几乎整合了所有中外文献数据库资源,覆盖全科以及各种文献类型。整合资源包括知网、万方、维普、SpringerLink、Elsevier(sciencedirect)、Wiley 、Web of Science、PubMed 、EI、ProQuest(国外学位论文)等数据库资源,还有大量的世界知名期刊,如:nature《自然》、science《科学》、CELL《细胞》、PNAS《美国科学院院报》等等。只要有互联网,在哪里都可以查找下载文献。

2、知网:全球最大的中文数据库。提供中国学术文献、外文文献、学位论文、报纸、会议、年鉴、工具书等各类资源,并提供在线阅读和下载服务。涵盖领域包括:基础科学、文史哲、工程科技、社会科学、农业、经济与管理科学、医药卫生、信息科技等。

3、万方数据库:是由万方数据公司开发的,涵盖期刊、会议纪要、论文、学术成果、学术会议论文的大型网络数据库;也是和中国知网齐名的中国专业的学术数据库。

学科分类:综合,机械,电子电气,计算机/信息科学,能源/动力工程,建筑/土木工程,艺术,社会科学,语言/文学,教育,哲学,政治,生物,材料科学,环境科学,化学/化工,物理,数学。

4、Web of Science是获取全球学术信息的重要数据库。其中以SCIE、SSCI、A&HCI等引文索引数据库,JCR期刊引证报告和ESI基本科学指标享誉全球科技和教育界。Web of Science收录了论文中所引用的参考文献,通过独特的引文索引,用户可以用一篇文章、一个专利号、一篇会议文献、一本期刊或者一本书作为检索词,检索它们的被引用情况,轻松回溯某一研究文献的起源与历史,或者追踪其最新进展;可以越查越广、越查越新、越查越深。

5、Wiley 作为全球最大、最全面的经同行评审的科学、技术、医学和学术研究的在线多学科资源平台之一,Wiley及旗下的子品牌出版了超过500位诺贝尔奖得主的作品。“Wiley Online Library”覆盖了生命科学、健康科学、自然科学、社会与人文科学等全面的学科领域。Wiley Online Library上有1600多种经同行评审的学术期刊,20000本电子图书,170多种在线参考工具书,580多种在线参考书,19种生物学、生命科学和生物医学的实验室指南(Current Protocols),17种化学、光谱和循证医学数据库(Cochrane Library)。

6、Elsevier(sciencedirect)是荷兰一家全球著名的学术期刊出版商,每年出版大量的学术图书和期刊,大部分期刊被SCI、SSCI、EI收录,是世界上公认的高品位学术期刊。scienceDirect是爱思唯尔公司的全文数据库平台,是全球最大的科学、技术与医学全文电子资源数据库,提供2500余种学术期刊以及37000余种图书的全文内容。包括全球影响力极高的CELL《细胞杂志》、THE LANCET《柳叶刀杂志》等。

7、SpringerLink是全球最大的在线科学、技术和医学(STM)领域学术资源平台。Springer 的电子图书数据库包括各种的Springer图书产品,如专著、教科书、手册、地图集、参考工具书、丛书等。具体学科涉及:数学、物理与天文学、化学、生命科学、医学、工程学、计算机科学、环境科学、地球科学、经济学、法律。

8、PubMed 是一个免费的搜寻引擎,提供生物医学方面的论文搜寻以及摘要的数据库。它的数据库来源为MEDLINE。其核心主题为医学,但亦包括其他与医学相关的领域,像是护理学或者其他健康学科。PubMed 的资讯并不包括期刊论文的全文,但可提供指向全文提供者(付费或免费)的链接。

参考文献标准格式:

1、参考文献类型:

普通图书[M]、期刊文章[J]、报纸文章[N]、论文集[C]、学位论 文[D]、报告[R]、标准[s]、专利[P]、数据库[DB]、计算机程序[CP]、电 子公告[EB]、联机网络[OL]、网上期刊[J/OL]、网上电子公告[EB/OL]、其他未 说明文献[z]。

2.参考文献格式及示例:

(1)专著、论文集、学位论文、报告:

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识]. 出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码(任选).

[1]刘国钧,陈绍业,王凤翥.图书馆目录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1957: 15—18.

[2]辛希孟.信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集:A集[c].北京:中国社会科学 出版社.1994.

[3]Radden G&Kovecses Z.Towards a Theory of Metonymy[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1999.

(2)期刊文章:

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[T].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.

[4]金显贺,王昌长,王忠东,等.一种用于在线检测局部放电的数字滤波技术[T]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),1993,33(4):62—67.

[5]Hubscher—Davidson S E.Personal diversity and diverse personalities in translation: A study of individual differences[J].Perspectives&u西es in Translatology,2009,1 7 (3):175-192.

(3)论文集中的析出文献:

[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[C]//原文献主要 责任者(任选).原文献题名.出版地:出版者,出版年:析出文献起止页码.

[6]钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[C]//赵玮.运筹学的理论与应 用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996: 468-471.

[7]Barcelona A.Reviewing the properties and prototype structure of metonymy[C]//Benczes R,Barcelona A.Defining Metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics:Towards a Consensus View. Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Co.,20 11:7—57.

(4)报纸文章:

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).

[8]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民El报,1998—12—25(10).

(5)国际、国家标准:

[序号].标准编号,标准名称[s].

[9]GB/T 16159—1996,汉语拼音正词法基本规则[s].

(6)专利:

[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,出版日期.

[10]姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P].中国专利:881056073,1989—07—26.

(7)电子文献:

[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].(发表或 更新日期)[引用日期].电子文献的出处或可获得地址.

[11]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].(1998—08— 16)[1998—10—04].http:Hwww.cajcd.edu.cn/pub/wml.txt/980810—2.html.

[12]万锦坤.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983--1993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国 大百科全书出版社,1996.

(8)各种未定义类型的文献:

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[z].出版地:出版者,出 版年.

网店论文引言文献

关于电子商务专业论文的参考文献

在学习、工作生活中,大家都尝试过写论文吧,借助论文可以达到探讨问题进行学术研究的目的。写论文的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?以下是我精心整理的关于电子商务专业论文的参考文献,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

1、姚国章,《中国企业电子商务发展战略》,北京大学出版社

2、携程电子商务模式组成要素分析、电子商务

3、电子商务经营模式给企业带来了什么、电子商务

4、服务中小企业的第三方电子商务模式研究、电子商务

5、电子商务中《消费者权益保护法》适格主体研究、电子商务

6、谈新就业形势下的职业院校电子商务专业建设、电子商务

7、浅谈物资采购的电子商务化、电子科技

8、中国电信新一代b2b电子商务网站商集网上线运营、互联网周刊

9、web数据挖掘在零售业电子商务中的应用、经济师

10、电子商务环境下的税收、经济师

11、试论电子商务物流隐性成本控制、经济师

12、破除制约我国电子商务发展的`四大瓶颈、通信世界

13、电子商务代表网站及业务模式分析、通信世界

14、组建基于企业服务总线的电子商务集成系统研究、计算机应用与软件

15、基于soap的即时消息在b2c电子商务系统中的应用、计算机应用与软件

16、电子商务对会计的影响及电子商务会计的发展、会计之友(中)

17、电子商务中数据挖掘技术的使用、内蒙古电大学刊

18、电子商务专业毕业生就业率低的原因及其对策、内蒙古电大学刊

19、浅谈烟草行业电子商务、华北、东北地区XX年度烟草学术交流研讨会论文集

20、b2c电子商务模式下物流配送路径优化问题研究、北京交通大学

21、电子商务环境下传统企业流程变革研究、同济大学

22、浅析电子商务诚信体系的构建与实现、商场现代化

23、基于电子商务的供应链管理研究、商场现代化

24、电子商务体系结构与电子支付技术、商场现代化

25、论新农村建设中农业电子商务的发展战略、商场现代化

26、旅游电子商务网站的构建、商场现代化

27、分销商网络团购营销的电子商务模型研究、商场现代化

28、电子商务及其安全技术、商场现代化

29、浅析电子商务的安全、商场现代化

30、web、技术在电子商务中的应用、商场现代化

[1] 梁静 着.销售互动中的说服效果:给予消费者说服应对的视角[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2012:37-38.

[2] 银成钺,杨雪,王影. 基于关键事件技术的服务业顾客问互动行为研究[J]. 预测:2010:15-20.

[3] 蒋婷,胡正明. 服务接触中游客间互动行为研究--基于关键事件技术的方法[J]. 旅游学刊.[37] 张岳.信任与感知风险对客户网络购物意愿的影响研究[J].商业经济,2012(392),2:150-86-91.

[4] 黄莹,朱建荣.网络口碑质量对服装消费者购买意愿影响的实证研究[J].现代商业,2013:22-24.

[5] 綦晓燕.网络购物感知风险的研究综述[J].科技创业月刊,2010(11),144-146.

[6] 冯建英,穆维松,傅泽田.消费者的购买意愿研究综述[J].现代管理科学,2006(11):7-9.

[7] 李宛颖. 在线销售考虑因素之研究[D].高雄:中山大学,1999:37-38.

[8] 井森,周颖,王方华.网上购物感知风险的实证研究[J].系统管理学报,2006,2(16):164-169.

[9] 孙瑾 着.消费者服务购买决策过程的影响机制研究 [M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2010:47-50.

[10] 吴佩勋.感知质量和感知风险对自有品牌购买意愿的影响[J].中国流通经济,2013(2):83-89.

[11] Tan S. J. Strategies for reducing consumers' risk aversion in Internet Shopping[J]. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 1999(16):163-180.

[12] 李小梅,李定家. 网络购物之降低风险策略研究[J]. 第一届网站经营学术暨实务研讨会论文集,2000:132-136.

[13] Libai B., Bolton R., Bügel ., et al .Customer-to-customer interactions: Broadening the scope ofword of mouth research [J]. Journal of Service Research. 2010(13):267-282.

[14] Langeard E, Bateson JEG, Lovelock CH, et al .Service marketing: New insights from consumers and managers. Cambridge mass [R]. Marketing Science Institute. 1981:467-487.

[1] 黄崇珍, 杜蓉.电子商务下第三方物流研究[J] 信息技术, 2004 年11月,第28 卷 第11期

[2] 崔介何主编,《电子商务与物流》,中国物资出版社,2002年4月第一版

[3] 张晓燕.对中国B2C 电子商务发展思路的探索[J]商场现代化.2005 年9 月(中),总第443 期.

[4] 张铎,林自葵.电子商务与现代物流[M].北京: 北京大学出版社, 2002.

[5] 谭清美,王子龙,城市物流对经济的拉动作用研究——以江苏南京为例,工业技术经济,2004年01期

[6] 王健,方佳林,美、日、欧现代物流发展的比较与启示,东北亚论坛,2005年02期

[7] 王淑琴,陈峻,王炜,城市现代物流系统布局规划研究——以扬州市为例,规划师,2005年02期

[8] 梁燕君,《电子商务物流新旧模式之比较》,商品储运与养护,2009年第五期

[9] 王文斌,马祖军,武振业,现代物流业与区域经济发展,经济体制改革,2002年01期

[10] 李辉民,现代物流的形成趋势与对策,集装箱化,2009年04期

[11] 汪鸣,冯浩,我国现代物流业发展政策及建议,宏观经济研究,2010年05期

[12] 张林红,陈家源,新世纪我国航运企业物流运作模式的探讨,世界海运,2011年05期

[13] 王成钢,陈登斌.B2C电子商务配送系统建设[M].长沙:湖南师范大学出版,2008.

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电子商务论文的参考文献

无论是在学习还是在工作中,许多人都有过写论文的经历,对论文都不陌生吧,论文是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。那么你有了解过论文吗?以下是我收集整理的电子商务论文的参考文献,欢迎阅读与收藏。

建立健全电子商务领域金融秩序 电子商务 2007/01

2 携程电子商务模式组成要素分析 电子商务 2007/01

3 电子商务经营模式给企业带来了什么 电子商务 2007/01

4 服务中小企业的第三方电子商务模式研究 电子商务 2007/01

5 电子商务中《消费者权益保护法》适格主体研究 电子商务 2007/01

6 谈新就业形势下的职业院校电子商务专业建设 电子商务 2007/01

7 浅谈物资采购的电子商务化 电子科技 2007/01

8 中国电信新一代B2B电子商务网站商集网上线运营 互联网周刊 2007/02

9 Web数据挖掘在零售业电子商务中的应用 经济师 2007/01

10 电子商务环境下的税收 经济师 2007/01

11 试论电子商务物流隐性成本控制 经济师 2007/01

12 破除制约我国电子商务发展的四大瓶颈 通信世界 2007/02

13 电子商务代表网站及业务模式分析 通信世界 2007/02

14 组建基于企业服务总线的电子商务集成系统研究 计算机应用与软件 2007/01

15 基于SOAP的即时消息在B2C电子商务系统中的应用计算机应用与软件 2007/01

16 电子商务对会计的影响及电子商务会计的发展 会计之友(中) 2007/01

17 电子商务中数据挖掘技术的使用 内蒙古电大学刊 2007/02

18 电子商务专业毕业生就业率低的原因及其对策 内蒙古电大学刊 2007/02

19 浅谈烟草行业电子商务 华北、东北地区2007年度烟草学术交流研讨会论文集 2007

20 B2C电子商务模式下物流配送路径优化问题研究 北京交通大学 2007

21 电子商务环境下传统企业流程变革研究 同济大学 2007

22 浅析电子商务诚信体系的构建与实现 商场现代化 2007/01

23 基于电子商务的供应链管理研究 商场现代化 2007/01

24 电子商务体系结构与电子支付技术 商场现代化 2007/01

25 论新农村建设中农业电子商务的发展战略 商场现代化 2007/01

26 旅游电子商务网站的构建 商场现代化 2007/01

27 分销商网络团购营销的电子商务模型研究 商场现代化 2007/01

28 电子商务及其安全技术 商场现代化 2007/01

29 浅析电子商务的安全 商场现代化 2007/01

30 Web 技术在电子商务中的应用 商场现代化 2007/01

方美琪,《电子商务概论》,北京,清华大学出版社,1999年

李琪,《中国电子商务》,成都,西南财经大学出版社,2001年

黄京华,《电子商务教程》,北京,清华大学出版社,2003年

王健,《电子商务》,上海,海天出版,2003年

屈云波,《网络营销》,北京,企业管理出版社,2001年

姚国章,《中国企业电子商务发展战略》,北京大学出版社,2001年

18 电子商业上的事务专业结业小时候起就有业率低的缘故原由及其对于策 内蒙古自治区电大学刊 2007/02

19 浅显的议论烟草行业电子商业上的事务 华北、东北地域2007年度烟草学术交流钻研会论文集 2007

20 B2C电子商业上的事务标准样式下物流配送路径优化需要别人解答的题目研究 首都交通大学 2007

21 电子商业上的事务情况下传统企业流程厘革研究 同济大学 2007

22 浅析电子商业上的事务诚信系统的构建与使成为事实 阛阓现代化 2007/01

23 基于电子商业上的.事务的供应链办理研究 阛阓现代化 2007/01

24 电子商业上的事务系统布局与电子付出技能 阛阓现代化 2007/01

25 论新屯子配置设备摆设中农业电子商业上的事务的成长战略 阛阓现代化 2007/01

26 驴友电子商业上的事务网站的构建 阛阓现代化 2007/01

27 代理商收集团购营销的电子商业上的事务模子研究 阛阓现代化 2007/01

28 电子商业上的事务及其安全技能 阛阓现代化 2007/01

29 浅析电子商业上的事务的安全 阛阓现代化 2007/01

30 Web 技能在电子商业上的事务中的应用 阛阓现代化 2007/01

一、我国电子商业上的事务瞻望及成长 [现代谍报 摩登 Information] 刘凤君

二、我国电子商业上的事务近况及瞻望 The Present Situation of Chellonas E-commerce and Its Future Development [烟台大学学报(哲学社会形态科学版) Journal of Yantai University(Phellolosophy and Social Science Edition)] 翟凤荣

三、我国电子商业上的事务付出的近况及瞻望 The Actuality and Expectation of Electronic Business Payment in Chellona [重庆广播电视机大学学报 Journal of Chongqing RTV University] 刘波

四、我国电子商业上的事务成长远景瞻望 [互助经济与科学技术 CO-Oerativeconomy & Science] 张元慧 , 李少伟 , 许丽红

五、电子商业上的事务瞻望 现代贸易 摩登 Business 2001年,第11期

六、浅析我国电子商业上的事务的近况与趋向 Present Situation and Development of Electronic Commerce 蔺建霞 Lin Jianxia

七、电子商业上的事务的成长近况与瞻望 The Current Development and Prospects for E-Bussiness 很多顶 Xu Duoding

八、我国电子商业上的事务成长远景瞻望 张元慧 李少伟 许丽红

九、我国电子商业上的事务情况下CA的成长瞻望 Development Prospect of Electronic Commerce CA in Chellona 江艳霞 左明

十、电子商业上的事务市场近况与瞻望 The Recent Situation and Trends of EC 马克et周智佑

电子商务论文参考文献

电子商务论文参考文献有哪些呢?电子商务论文参考文献有助于电子商务的论文的撰写。欢迎阅读我整理的电子商务论文参考文献,希望能够帮到大家。

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[1]郑怀望.陕西装备制造产业集群发展中的政府治理分析[D].西北大学2009

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1 建立健全电子商务领域金融秩序 电子商务 2007/01

2 携程电子商务模式组成要素分析 电子商务 2007/01

3 电子商务经营模式给企业带来了什么 电子商务 2007/01

4 服务中小企业的第三方电子商务模式研究 电子商务 2007/01

5 电子商务中《消费者权益保护法》适格主体研究 电子商务 2007/01

6 谈新就业形势下的职业院校电子商务专业建设 电子商务 2007/01

7 浅谈物资采购的电子商务化 电子科技 2007/01

8 中国电信新一代B2B电子商务网站商集网上线运营 互联网周刊 2007/02

9 Web数据挖掘在零售业电子商务中的应用 经济师 2007/01

10 电子商务环境下的税收 经济师 2007/01

11 试论电子商务物流隐性成本控制 经济师 2007/01

12 破除制约我国电子商务发展的四大瓶颈 通信世界 2007/02

13 电子商务代表网站及业务模式分析 通信世界 2007/02

14 组建基于企业服务总线的电子商务集成系统研究 计算机应用与软件 2007/01

15 基于SOAP的即时消息在B2C电子商务系统中的应用计算机应用与软件 2007/01

16 电子商务对会计的影响及电子商务会计的发展 会计之友(中) 2007/01

17 电子商务中数据挖掘技术的使用 内蒙古电大学刊 2007/02

18 电子商务专业毕业生就业率低的原因及其对策 内蒙古电大学刊 2007/02

19 浅谈烟草行业电子商务 华北、东北地区2007年度烟草学术交流研讨会论文集 2007

20 B2C电子商务模式下物流配送路径优化问题研究 北京交通大学 2007

21 电子商务环境下传统企业流程变革研究 同济大学 2007

22 浅析电子商务诚信体系的构建与实现 商场现代化 2007/01

23 基于电子商务的供应链管理研究 商场现代化 2007/01

24 电子商务体系结构与电子支付技术 商场现代化 2007/01

25 论新农村建设中农业电子商务的发展战略 商场现代化 2007/01

26 旅游电子商务网站的构建 商场现代化 2007/01

[1]廖晓淇.中华人民共和国商务部.中国电子商务报告(2004-2005年)[R].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.

[2]粥鱼.电子商务的最后一公里[J].电子商务,2006,(8).

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[4]张国友.技术依赖阻碍电子商务发展与普及[J].电子商务世界,2006,(4).

[5]杨丽光.把脉电子商务人才培养[J].电子商务世界,2005,(9).

[6]赵莎.再聚焦电子商务人才培养[J].电子商务世界,2006,(2-3).

[7]郑淑荣.提高电商学生就业率[J].电子商务世界,2006,(6).

[8]郑培.电子商务专业人才培养忧思录[J].电子商务世界,2005,(2-3).

1姚国章,《中国企业电子商务发展战略》,北京大学出版社,XX年

2 携程电子商务模式组成要素分析 电子商务 XX/01

3 电子商务经营模式给企业带来了什么 电子商务 XX/01

4 服务中小企业的第三方电子商务模式研究 电子商务 XX/01

5 电子商务中《消费者权益保护法》适格主体研究 电子商务 XX/01

6 谈新就业形势下的职业院校电子商务专业建设 电子商务 XX/01

7 浅谈物资采购的电子商务化 电子科技 XX/01

8 中国电信新一代b2b电子商务网站商集网上线运营 互联网周刊 XX/02

9 web数据挖掘在零售业电子商务中的应用 经济师 XX/01

10 电子商务环境下的税收 经济师 XX/01

11 试论电子商务物流隐性成本控制 经济师 XX/01

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酒店管理论文英文文献

德国汉堡的酒店管理专业学校Unser bilingualer Schwerpunkt:International Hotel Management (IHM)Ihre Vorbereitung auf Führungstätigkeit in internationalen HotelsMöchten Sie in der internationalen Hotellerie arbeiten? Gleich ob im Ausland oder innerhalb Deutschlands: für solche Aufgaben ist es unverzichtbar, dass Sie gut Englisch sprechen, damit Sie in internationalen Führungsteams mitreden und mitgestalten können. Außerdem ist es wichtig, dass Sie Unterschiede im Verhalten, in Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten kennen, die auf unterschiedlichen kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Hintergründen das wollen wir mit Ihnen schaffen! Und zwar so:Voraussetzungen und Unterstufe:Sie sollten schon gute bis sehr gute Englischkenntnisse mitbringen und müssen in der Unterstufe den Advanced English Course und möglichst auch den den Human Resource Management Course belegt haben. Letzterer ist empfehlenswert, weil Sie damit schon mal ausprobieren können, ob es Ihnen liegt, in Englisch an Themen des Gastgewerbemanagements zu über hinaus ist es von Vorteil, wenn Sie schon Auslandserfahrung gesammelt Oberstufe entscheiden Sie sich für IHM als Schwerpunkt. Das bedeutet für Sie folgendes:Die Lehrgänge in Betriebsorganisation, VWL, Controlling und Unternehmensführung laufen parallel zu den anderen Schwerpunkten (Zentralfächer). Statt Personalwirtschaft können Sie Human Resource Management in englischer Sprache in englischer Sprache ist der Schwerpunkt selbst gestaltet. Hier werden Sie sich in Einzel- und Teamarbeit sowohl handlungsorientiert als auch akademisch mit einer Vielzahl von Hotelmanagementthemen befassen. Aus der Fülle möglicher Handlungsfelder, deren Art der Behandlung mit dem Kurs vereinbart wird (gemeinsam im Unterricht, individuell als Facharbeit, als Projekt usw.) möchten wir Ihnen beispielhaft folgende nennen:•Quality Management•Front Office Operations and Management•Hospitality Sales•Leadership in Hospitality•F&B Management•Project Management•Rooms Division ManagementFür den Wahlpflichtunterricht empfehlen wir Ihnen, die zweite Fremdsprache der Unterstufe mit 2 Wochenstunden weiterzuführen. Ansonsten haben Sie natürlich die Möglichkeit hier Ihren Neigungen und Bedürfnissen entsprechend Kurse aus der Vielzahl der Angebote zu Sie Fragen? Schicken Sie mir eine Mail*, ich will versuchen, Ihnen zu antworten!Übrigens, wir sind stolz darauf, im Jahr 2005 das Europäische Sprachensiegel verliehen bekommen zu haben, als Anerkennung für zukunftsweisenden bilingualen Benkert und Jens Hatje* die e-mail Adresse ist hatje und dann die Domain @ße 422087 HamburgTel.: +49-40-42859-3429Fax +49-40-42859-3128

当今世界竞争是人才的竞争,高素质的人力资本是酒店业得以健康持续稳定发展的根本保证。随着酒店从业人员素质,思想观念及自我发展意识和民主观念的不断增强,酒店这一以人为本的服务行业在人力资源管理中暴露出员工积极性低服务意识低人员流失率升高等方面的题。因此本文从现状分析、物质激励、精神激励、以及激励体系的建立四个方面又结合了星级酒店人力资源管理的实际情况,对现代酒店管理中的激励机制做了初步的研究。另外还提出一些开发酒店人力资本,提高酒店人力资本水平的策略及措施。 第1章 酒店业的现状分析 酒店业的竞争,归根结底是人才的竞争。管理的核心问题,是人的问题。在酒店管理中运用人力资源管理获得竞争优势的案例越来越多。 案例:报纸杂志不断刊登文章报道服务业的不良状况,一线员工错误不断、态度恶劣简直是置顾客于不顾。缺少技术熟练的员工,面对高人员的流失率,深受其苦的服务业必须向那些与顾客接触的企业注入新的生命力。分析研究表明:当一个人被高度激励时,他会努力工作主动向顾客提供尽可能好的服务;而没有被激励时,他会尽可能的节省精力。现代管理者的首要任务就是要点燃员工内心的工作热情之火,以此驱动员工在工作中展现的出色,从而实现组织所期望的最佳绩效。在企业中出色的领导者已经认识到这点,只有“以人为本”的企业管理,才能在如今激烈的竞争中生存、发展、兴旺。管理是一门艺术,员工激励是艺术中的艺术,员工是企业的灵魂。设计有效的员工激励机制,才能提高员工的积极性。使其才能在不同的企业文化不同的组织结构和不同的企业环境中发挥其最大的潜能,从而实现组织的期望目标。首先姑且让我把激励方法分为三类:物质激励、精神激励和激励机制的设计,通过对这三类的分析和了解,才能让我们理解激励机制的作用和意义,从而才能为企业建立有效激励体系。下面我们把激励的方法分为两类:物质激励和精神激励;通过对这些激励方法的了解和认识,才能让我们意识到激励机制的作用。 第2章物质激励 物质激励是指通过物质刺激的方法鼓励职工工作。 它的主要表现形式有正激励,如发工资、奖金、津贴、福利等;负激励如罚款等。物质需要是人类的第一需要,是人们从事一切社会活动的基本动因,所以,物质激励是激励的主要模式,也是目前我国企业内部使用的非常普遍的一种激励模式。 正激励法 奖励是指饭店组织对员工的良好行为举止或工作表现给予的积极肯定与表彰。奖励作为员工激励的一种手段,目的在于促使受奖励的员工将他们的模范行为加以保持和发扬,并成为全体员工的表率,为奋员工队伍的士气起到积极的推动作用。运用好这一手段还要注意以下几点:(一)奖励要及时,且奖励方法要不断创新。(二)注意对其他员工的心理疏导化。不断定下新的目标,淡化过去着眼未来,树立正确的公平观。(三).重视对团体的奖励,在现代饭店活动中组织目标的实现,员工个人的尊严与成就,都需要经过群体的共同努力才能得以实现,因此重视团体激励,有利于在员工中形成统一的思想认识,增强凝聚力提高员工的竞争力。 负激励法 惩罚是一种负激励,是现代饭店为了纠正员工工作中的不良行为,而才取的一种强制措施。应用得当,对不妥行为能取得很好的威慑作用。但万万不可以惩罚为主,只能作为一种辅助手段,否则就会适得其反。在运用这一手段时要注意以下几点:(一)不能不教而诛。应当把教育放在第一位,对屡教不改或造成严重后果者实施惩罚,且注意不可以罚代管。(二)选择合理有效的惩罚方式,且不可打击面过大,还要注意不可全盘否定,以小即大,伤害员工的心理。(三)将灵活性与原则性向结合,坚持原则,执法要严。在严格依照规定制度的前提下,一定的灵活性是完全必要的,因此在激励时要严格合理,严的合情,从而达到教育一大批的目的,虽说,物质激励不是万能的,但我们要合理的运用物质激励这一把双刃剑。例如:在洲济集团就有这样的一个管理方案,当员工第一天来到公司工作时,公司就会对员工的一些家庭情况经济条件等多方面做一个了解,对这一了解就建立了员工的个人资料,在日常的工作中有关人员对资料进行分析,在以后的工作中,管理者就会对以前的分析对员工实施有效的激励方案。全面的了解员工的需求和工作质量的好坏,不断的根据情况制定精确的激励方法,从而调动酒店的每为员工实现应有的业绩。 第3章精神激励 美国管理学家皮特就曾指出“重赏会带来副作用,因为高的奖金会使彼此封锁消息,影响工作的正常开展,整个社会的风气就会不正”。因此企业单用物质激励不一定能起到作用,所以又产生另一种激励方法——精神激励。就这一激励我大致分为以下几种:目标激励竞争激励及参与激励等。 In today's world competition is the talent competition, high-quality human capital is the hotel industry continued to be healthy and stable development of the fundamental guarantee. With the hotel employees in the quality of ideas and sense of self-development and growing the concept of democracy, the hotel that the people-oriented service sector in terms of human resource management staff revealed low awareness of service with low staff turnover rate increased the title and so on. This paper analyzes the status quo, therefore, material incentives, moral incentives, as well as the incentive system and a combination of four-star hotel human resources management of the actual situation of the modern hotel management incentive mechanism has done a preliminary study. In addition, some hotels in human capital development to improve the human capital level of the hotel's strategy and measures. Chapter 1 Analysis of the hotel industry Hotel industry, in the final analysis is the talent competition. Management of the core issue is the question. In hotel management in the use of human resources management to obtain a competitive advantage more and more cases. Case: newspapers and magazines continue to publish articles reporting the adverse conditions of the service sector, front-line staff error continuously, the attitude of the poor is ignored customers home. Lack of skilled staff, in the face of the high rate of loss of the services sector is suffering to those who come into contact with customers to inject new vitality enterprises. Analysis showed that: when a person was a high degree of motivation, he will take the initiative to work hard to provide the customers with the best possible service; and have not been inspired, he will save energy as much as possible. The primary task of modern managers is to kindle the enthusiasm of staff working inside the fire, to drive the staff work to show the outstanding organizations in order to achieve the best performance expectations. In the enterprise has been an excellent leader in recognition of this point, only the "people-oriented" corporate governance can be in today's fierce competition for survival, development, and prosperity. Management is an art, staff motivation is the art of art, the soul of the enterprise employees. Staff to design effective incentive mechanism to increase the enthusiasm of the staff. So that it can be in various different corporate culture and organizational structure of the enterprise environment to play their maximum potential in order to achieve the expectations of the target organizations. Let us first of all, let me incentive divided into three categories: material incentives, moral incentives and the design of incentive mechanisms, through these three types of analysis and understanding, so that we understand the role of incentive mechanism and significance of the enterprise so as to establish an effective incentive system. We are encouraged by the following methods to fall into two categories: material and spiritual encouragement and incentives; incentives of these methods of understanding and knowledge in order to let us realize that the role of incentives. Chapter 2 material incentives Material incentives is the way to the adoption of incentives to encourage trade union work. Its main manifestations of positive incentives, such as wages, bonuses, allowances, benefits, etc.; negative incentives such as fines. Material needs is the first of human needs, is engaged in social activities of all the basic motive, therefore, the material incentives to encourage the main mode is the internal use of Chinese enterprises are very common mode of an incentive. Excitation method is Hotel reward is the good organization of the behavior of employees or work performance and in recognition of the positive. Incentives as a means of staff motivation, incentives designed to induce employees by their exemplary acts to maintain and carry forward and set an example for all staff, for staff morale Fen play a positive role in promoting. Make good use of this means we must pay attention to the following: (a) awards to be timely, and an incentive to innovation. (B) the attention of other employees of the psychological. Constantly set new goals, to play down the past focus on the future, to establish a correct view of the fair. (C). Emphasis on incentive groups, activities in a modern hotel in the achievement of organizational goals, personal dignity and achievements, both need to go through the joint efforts of groups can be achieved, the emphasis on incentive groups, is conducive to the formation of a unified staff the ideological understanding, and enhance the cohesion of staff to enhance their competitiveness. negative excitation method Punishment is a negative incentive is a modern hotel staff in order to correct the bad behavior, and to obtain a compulsory measure. Applied correctly, can be made to the wrong acts of a very good deterrent. However, employees must not be punished mainly as a supplementary means only, otherwise it will backfire. In the use of the means to pay attention to the following points: (a) those that can not teach and to punish. Give education top priority should be on the incorrigible or those who have serious consequences for the implementation of punishment, and punishment can not be hosted attention. (B) select a reasonable and effective punishment, and the scope can not be too large, but not a total negation of the attention to small or large, the psychological harm to employees. (C) will be a matter of principle to the combination of flexibility and principles, adhered to more stringent enforcement. In strict accordance with the provisions of the system under the premise of a certain degree of flexibility is absolutely necessary, so in a reasonable incentive to be strict, strict fair, a large number so as to achieve the purpose of education, although, material incentives is not a panacea, but we have to reasonable use of material incentives that a double-edged sword. For example: in the Jeju Island Group has a management program such that when the staff came to the company the first day of work, the company will staff the case of some families, such as economic conditions in a multifaceted understanding of the understanding on the establishment of a staff personal data, in the day-to-day work of the staff analysis of data, work in the future, managers will be on the previous analysis of the implementation of effective employee incentive program. Comprehensive understanding of the needs of employees and the quality of work is good or bad, according to the situation of constant incentive to develop accurate, thereby mobilizing the hotel staff to achieve each and every performance should be. Inspire the spirit of Chapter 3 Management experts point out that Pitt had "side-effects will be rewarded, because of the high prize money would blockade the news to each other and affect the normal development, the social atmosphere will be errors." Enterprise alone, therefore the material may not be able to play the role of incentives, so they have another incentive - the spirit of encouragement. On this incentive, I roughly divided into the following categories: goals motivation and participation in competitive incentives and other incentives.( ^_^ )如果符合要求的话请采纳哦

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酒店员工论文英文文献

当今世界竞争是人才的竞争,高素质的人力资本是酒店业得以健康持续稳定发展的根本保证。随着酒店从业人员素质,思想观念及自我发展意识和民主观念的不断增强,酒店这一以人为本的服务行业在人力资源管理中暴露出员工积极性低服务意识低人员流失率升高等方面的题。因此本文从现状分析、物质激励、精神激励、以及激励体系的建立四个方面又结合了星级酒店人力资源管理的实际情况,对现代酒店管理中的激励机制做了初步的研究。另外还提出一些开发酒店人力资本,提高酒店人力资本水平的策略及措施。 第1章 酒店业的现状分析 酒店业的竞争,归根结底是人才的竞争。管理的核心问题,是人的问题。在酒店管理中运用人力资源管理获得竞争优势的案例越来越多。 案例:报纸杂志不断刊登文章报道服务业的不良状况,一线员工错误不断、态度恶劣简直是置顾客于不顾。缺少技术熟练的员工,面对高人员的流失率,深受其苦的服务业必须向那些与顾客接触的企业注入新的生命力。分析研究表明:当一个人被高度激励时,他会努力工作主动向顾客提供尽可能好的服务;而没有被激励时,他会尽可能的节省精力。现代管理者的首要任务就是要点燃员工内心的工作热情之火,以此驱动员工在工作中展现的出色,从而实现组织所期望的最佳绩效。在企业中出色的领导者已经认识到这点,只有“以人为本”的企业管理,才能在如今激烈的竞争中生存、发展、兴旺。管理是一门艺术,员工激励是艺术中的艺术,员工是企业的灵魂。设计有效的员工激励机制,才能提高员工的积极性。使其才能在不同的企业文化不同的组织结构和不同的企业环境中发挥其最大的潜能,从而实现组织的期望目标。首先姑且让我把激励方法分为三类:物质激励、精神激励和激励机制的设计,通过对这三类的分析和了解,才能让我们理解激励机制的作用和意义,从而才能为企业建立有效激励体系。下面我们把激励的方法分为两类:物质激励和精神激励;通过对这些激励方法的了解和认识,才能让我们意识到激励机制的作用。 第2章物质激励 物质激励是指通过物质刺激的方法鼓励职工工作。 它的主要表现形式有正激励,如发工资、奖金、津贴、福利等;负激励如罚款等。物质需要是人类的第一需要,是人们从事一切社会活动的基本动因,所以,物质激励是激励的主要模式,也是目前我国企业内部使用的非常普遍的一种激励模式。 正激励法 奖励是指饭店组织对员工的良好行为举止或工作表现给予的积极肯定与表彰。奖励作为员工激励的一种手段,目的在于促使受奖励的员工将他们的模范行为加以保持和发扬,并成为全体员工的表率,为奋员工队伍的士气起到积极的推动作用。运用好这一手段还要注意以下几点:(一)奖励要及时,且奖励方法要不断创新。(二)注意对其他员工的心理疏导化。不断定下新的目标,淡化过去着眼未来,树立正确的公平观。(三).重视对团体的奖励,在现代饭店活动中组织目标的实现,员工个人的尊严与成就,都需要经过群体的共同努力才能得以实现,因此重视团体激励,有利于在员工中形成统一的思想认识,增强凝聚力提高员工的竞争力。 负激励法 惩罚是一种负激励,是现代饭店为了纠正员工工作中的不良行为,而才取的一种强制措施。应用得当,对不妥行为能取得很好的威慑作用。但万万不可以惩罚为主,只能作为一种辅助手段,否则就会适得其反。在运用这一手段时要注意以下几点:(一)不能不教而诛。应当把教育放在第一位,对屡教不改或造成严重后果者实施惩罚,且注意不可以罚代管。(二)选择合理有效的惩罚方式,且不可打击面过大,还要注意不可全盘否定,以小即大,伤害员工的心理。(三)将灵活性与原则性向结合,坚持原则,执法要严。在严格依照规定制度的前提下,一定的灵活性是完全必要的,因此在激励时要严格合理,严的合情,从而达到教育一大批的目的,虽说,物质激励不是万能的,但我们要合理的运用物质激励这一把双刃剑。例如:在洲济集团就有这样的一个管理方案,当员工第一天来到公司工作时,公司就会对员工的一些家庭情况经济条件等多方面做一个了解,对这一了解就建立了员工的个人资料,在日常的工作中有关人员对资料进行分析,在以后的工作中,管理者就会对以前的分析对员工实施有效的激励方案。全面的了解员工的需求和工作质量的好坏,不断的根据情况制定精确的激励方法,从而调动酒店的每为员工实现应有的业绩。 第3章精神激励 美国管理学家皮特就曾指出“重赏会带来副作用,因为高的奖金会使彼此封锁消息,影响工作的正常开展,整个社会的风气就会不正”。因此企业单用物质激励不一定能起到作用,所以又产生另一种激励方法——精神激励。就这一激励我大致分为以下几种:目标激励竞争激励及参与激励等。 In today's world competition is the talent competition, high-quality human capital is the hotel industry continued to be healthy and stable development of the fundamental guarantee. With the hotel employees in the quality of ideas and sense of self-development and growing the concept of democracy, the hotel that the people-oriented service sector in terms of human resource management staff revealed low awareness of service with low staff turnover rate increased the title and so on. This paper analyzes the status quo, therefore, material incentives, moral incentives, as well as the incentive system and a combination of four-star hotel human resources management of the actual situation of the modern hotel management incentive mechanism has done a preliminary study. In addition, some hotels in human capital development to improve the human capital level of the hotel's strategy and measures. Chapter 1 Analysis of the hotel industry Hotel industry, in the final analysis is the talent competition. Management of the core issue is the question. In hotel management in the use of human resources management to obtain a competitive advantage more and more cases. Case: newspapers and magazines continue to publish articles reporting the adverse conditions of the service sector, front-line staff error continuously, the attitude of the poor is ignored customers home. Lack of skilled staff, in the face of the high rate of loss of the services sector is suffering to those who come into contact with customers to inject new vitality enterprises. Analysis showed that: when a person was a high degree of motivation, he will take the initiative to work hard to provide the customers with the best possible service; and have not been inspired, he will save energy as much as possible. The primary task of modern managers is to kindle the enthusiasm of staff working inside the fire, to drive the staff work to show the outstanding organizations in order to achieve the best performance expectations. In the enterprise has been an excellent leader in recognition of this point, only the "people-oriented" corporate governance can be in today's fierce competition for survival, development, and prosperity. Management is an art, staff motivation is the art of art, the soul of the enterprise employees. Staff to design effective incentive mechanism to increase the enthusiasm of the staff. So that it can be in various different corporate culture and organizational structure of the enterprise environment to play their maximum potential in order to achieve the expectations of the target organizations. Let us first of all, let me incentive divided into three categories: material incentives, moral incentives and the design of incentive mechanisms, through these three types of analysis and understanding, so that we understand the role of incentive mechanism and significance of the enterprise so as to establish an effective incentive system. We are encouraged by the following methods to fall into two categories: material and spiritual encouragement and incentives; incentives of these methods of understanding and knowledge in order to let us realize that the role of incentives. Chapter 2 material incentives Material incentives is the way to the adoption of incentives to encourage trade union work. Its main manifestations of positive incentives, such as wages, bonuses, allowances, benefits, etc.; negative incentives such as fines. Material needs is the first of human needs, is engaged in social activities of all the basic motive, therefore, the material incentives to encourage the main mode is the internal use of Chinese enterprises are very common mode of an incentive. Excitation method is Hotel reward is the good organization of the behavior of employees or work performance and in recognition of the positive. Incentives as a means of staff motivation, incentives designed to induce employees by their exemplary acts to maintain and carry forward and set an example for all staff, for staff morale Fen play a positive role in promoting. Make good use of this means we must pay attention to the following: (a) awards to be timely, and an incentive to innovation. (B) the attention of other employees of the psychological. Constantly set new goals, to play down the past focus on the future, to establish a correct view of the fair. (C). Emphasis on incentive groups, activities in a modern hotel in the achievement of organizational goals, personal dignity and achievements, both need to go through the joint efforts of groups can be achieved, the emphasis on incentive groups, is conducive to the formation of a unified staff the ideological understanding, and enhance the cohesion of staff to enhance their competitiveness. negative excitation method Punishment is a negative incentive is a modern hotel staff in order to correct the bad behavior, and to obtain a compulsory measure. Applied correctly, can be made to the wrong acts of a very good deterrent. However, employees must not be punished mainly as a supplementary means only, otherwise it will backfire. In the use of the means to pay attention to the following points: (a) those that can not teach and to punish. Give education top priority should be on the incorrigible or those who have serious consequences for the implementation of punishment, and punishment can not be hosted attention. (B) select a reasonable and effective punishment, and the scope can not be too large, but not a total negation of the attention to small or large, the psychological harm to employees. (C) will be a matter of principle to the combination of flexibility and principles, adhered to more stringent enforcement. In strict accordance with the provisions of the system under the premise of a certain degree of flexibility is absolutely necessary, so in a reasonable incentive to be strict, strict fair, a large number so as to achieve the purpose of education, although, material incentives is not a panacea, but we have to reasonable use of material incentives that a double-edged sword. For example: in the Jeju Island Group has a management program such that when the staff came to the company the first day of work, the company will staff the case of some families, such as economic conditions in a multifaceted understanding of the understanding on the establishment of a staff personal data, in the day-to-day work of the staff analysis of data, work in the future, managers will be on the previous analysis of the implementation of effective employee incentive program. Comprehensive understanding of the needs of employees and the quality of work is good or bad, according to the situation of constant incentive to develop accurate, thereby mobilizing the hotel staff to achieve each and every performance should be. Inspire the spirit of Chapter 3 Management experts point out that Pitt had "side-effects will be rewarded, because of the high prize money would blockade the news to each other and affect the normal development, the social atmosphere will be errors." Enterprise alone, therefore the material may not be able to play the role of incentives, so they have another incentive - the spirit of encouragement. On this incentive, I roughly divided into the following categories: goals motivation and participation in competitive incentives and other incentives.( ^_^ )如果符合要求的话请采纳哦

建议找专业的翻译公司,花不了多少钱

Abstract: In recent years, China's hotel industry has seen a significant growth. Major foreign hotel groups have also shifted their markets to China, which adds to the operating pressure on the domestic hotel industry. The focus of competition is mainly on the quality of external services. Regarding the research on the quality of service, scholars at home and abroad have focused on the quality of services of external customers and neglected the research on internal service quality. This article takes Guangzhou S Hotel as the research object, uses literature analysis method, questionnaire survey method, quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, and uses Internal SERVQUAL scale proposed by Hallowell et al. Finally, it discovers that Guangzhou S Hotel staff is insatisfactory with the training system, incentive mechanism, internal management support, internal service system, and corporate culture recognition. This article analyzes the reasons from these five aspects, and proposes corresponding improvement measures, which provides a certain reference value for the hotel to improve the internal service quality and human resources : hotel; internal service quality; improvement strategies; human resources人工翻译的,给别人报价都100元左右。我是二级笔译持证翻译匠。

Hotel Room Management System(酒店客房管理系统) First, school discipline consciously to comply with regulations, should civilized, courteous, ethical, stresses discipline. To be positive, loving and respecting their jobs, be good at learning, to acquire new skills. Second, it is necessary to dress induction, listing services, it is necessary to instrument client makeup, generous manner, standardized terminology, civilized service, courtesy, enthusiasm for the initiative. Third, room service, daily in accordance with the procedures and requirements in accordance with the provisions of Health and was cleaning the room, it is necessary to carefully; room to manage the items and found that the issue of timely reporting. Fourth, the provision of accommodation, there must be a department director of the Center for leadership and service signing; external accommodation officer, I have a valid identity card or registration documents before they are allowed to stay. Five are not free to get foreigners to stay or live-in room, without the consent of the Director of the Center are not allowed to open private room, for others (including our employees) to provide accommodation, rest and entertainment. Sixth, check the clean-up room shall not tamper with the guests and private use of the things that students and guests are not allowed to ask for goods and the receipt of gifts; found loss of the public have to pay for items. Seven are not allowed into the front of others; front desk computer to staff management and operation, not related to personnel are not allowed to operate privately; typing, photocopying, send and receive fax, according to charges. Eight working hours are not allowed off-the-job, leave something to the leadership, are not allowed to sit in and for private classes, are not allowed to playing poker,织毛衣, watching TV and doing non-work-related matters. 9, do a good job in security work, in particular, do a good job in security work of the fire nuisance, it is necessary to ground inspections to identify problems and deal with timely reporting. Hotel health management system First, the purpose of health management to improve the quality of the hotel to provide the customers with fresh, clean and healthy consumption environment, and special provisions of the final version. Second, the contents of 1, the management of health management, including personal hygiene items and equipment health management and three aspects of food hygiene management. 2, officials at every level of their work area kept clean of Health has carried out clean-up responsibility. Managers to subordinate the management of health workers have jointly and severally liable. 3, clean-up of professional health departments and staff responsible for the work projects of regional and specialized cleaning and management. Clean the main means of public health, the Department of Food and Beverage catering manager, kitchen and cooks, the health sector and its personnel. 4, hygiene management standards: (1) instrument appearance and personal hygiene of staff. (2) the necessary health knowledge. (3) physical, mental health, test of "health card" posts. 5, see the standard of food hygiene management "on the hotel's management of food hygiene." 6, items and equipment standards for health management: to maintain the surface of materials and equipment formation, light, no smell, no damage, no marks clean, tidy and orderly place. 7, self-health check in accordance with the staff, teams and groups to check, departmental examination, the functional departments of the four inspection system to check, using conventional inspection, special inspection, secret investigation of the way, make unannounced visits. The problems of inspection, in accordance with the standards of accountability and punishment. Third, examination 1, goods, facilities and equipment requirements of surface roughness, light, no smell, no damage, no marks clean, tidy and orderly place, or in accordance with the seriousness of the circumstances and the impact of punishment. (1) Mao Xu, floating ash, water, paper and other minor health problems, each of the punishment given to million. (2) deposition, stains, grease, the larger debris, hair, wrinkles and other health problems, each element of the punishment given to . (3) dirt, there are foreign bodies, cracks, damaged, irregular placed, dislocation, loss or lack of goods, and environmental health issues such as smell, every element of the punishment given to 2-5. 2, all periodic health clean-up, no clean-up due to the expiration of the formation of health corner, to give 1 yuan sub-punishment, which affect the consumption of guests raised by the guests, as appropriate, given the responsibility of departments responsible for warning or fault action. 3, in the personal hygiene and food sanitation violation, in accordance with the relevant system of punishment hotel. Fourth, the requirements issued since the date of implementation. Hotels, hotel industry and health system A, hotels, hotels in order to maintain the environment clean, beautiful, ground-free fruit, and garbage痰迹. Second, be equipped with sterilization or disinfection facilities, and a sound health system. Third, quilt cover, pillowcase (towels), bed sheets and other bedding should be for a one-off. Fourth, the public should be a daily cleaning and disinfecting tea. Tea Surface must be clean, no oil, no water, no smell. Fifth, the wash-room toilet tank, bathtub should be a day of cleansing and disinfection. No toilet rooms, each bed should be equipped with different markings and the basin脚盆 One each. Basins,脚盆and slippers to be a passenger and one for use after cleansing and disinfection. 6, guesthouses, hotels among public health to do the daily cleaning, disinfection, and maintain no water, no mosquitoes, no smell. 7, various hotels, hotels have防蝇, mosquitoes, cockroaches and anti-rodent facilities, and facilities for the use of regular checks and found the problem in time to improve. Eight of the passengers abandoned the clothing to be registered, the destruction of unity. 9, the shop-owned water and secondary water supplies should be consistent with the "drinking water health standards", the second water supply reservoir water to meet health requirements tubes, Do regular cleaning and disinfecting. Second, performance appraisal system of the Housekeeping Department First, employees must strictly comply with the working hours shall not be late, leave early. Second, the post on time to participate in regular (every Monday to Friday room as early as 8:00), (front desk every Monday and Thursday 3:00 .) less than regular processing in accordance with absenteeism. Third, break down each week day, when an important task to suspend scheduled to receive a short break after the off. Annual leave in accordance with the provisions of the Center. Fourth, staff sick leave the hospital to be diagnosed in advance and leave to prove a single hand, if there are special circumstances can not leave early, and should promptly notify the foreman, the foreman asked the manager. Fifth, the staff requested the leave shall be submitted in advance 3-1 days foreman, in the case of staff shortage or have an important task, you can not be granted. After the leave will be dealt with according to absenteeism. Sixth, in strict accordance with the provisions of the frequency of work, if there is urgent reshuffle, without prejudice to the normal work situation, one day in advance to apply to the Captain, without consent by unauthorized reshuffle to deal with absenteeism. Seven of the sick leave fraud matter, once found, depending on the circumstances given to deal with absenteeism or removed. Third, the Department of grooming room instrumentation requirements Instrumentation: 1, working hours should be provided for work clothes to wear. 2, work clothes should be clean, straight, in accordance with the provisions of扣好on衣扣, trousers buckle. 3, put on a pocket, pocket fitted to prohibit all sorts of things, in order to maintain and keeps its uniform. Overalls should be repaired if damaged. 4, when the attendants are to go to work wearing a black work shoes, work shoes to keep clean. Wearing socks, asked men and women of deep shallow, socks should be in good condition without damage, are not allowed to wear shoes barefoot. 5, attendants are not allowed to wear during the induction of various accessories such as necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings and so on. 6, the work should be required to work during the wear plate position in the left chest. 7, after the attendants dress should be self-censorship, and accept only after passing inspection foreman jobs. Appearance: 1, staff should remain clean face, clean hair, beautiful hair, generous. 2 men to stay fat, the latter is not covered collar, side did not cover ears; President to stay fat,垂肩after, the former do not cover eyes. Barber Qin, Qin-xiu surface, ground剪指甲, diligence dressing, washing hands frequently, take a bath. 3, men do not stay mustache, large temples; President does not stay long nails, nail polish is not coated, do not use strong perfume. 4, President of淡妆before induction can not be浓妆艳抹. 5, to maintain oral hygiene does not smell pre foods such as onions, garlic, tofu and so on. 6, smiling, cordial and kind, dignified and stable, neither overbearing nor servile. Deportment: 1, sitting A, body straight, vertical center of gravity down, stood back, shoulders relaxed, feet close together and knees, hand on the laptop. Binocular head-up, with a smile. B, not sit chairs filled (attendants should take two-thirds of the chairs), but not sitting in the edge. C, non-前俯back, legs shaking Rocker feet, can not be cross-leg table in the handrails or. D, in front of their superiors or guests can not hold hands in the chest, can not be二郎腿Rocker can not shake the legs, do not sit半躺half. 2, standing A, chest, crosstraining, freeclimber, the rise of head-up eyes, smiling. B, his arms hang down naturally or in the body before the cross, his left hand on the right hand under the best condition to maintain services. C, when the woman was standing on his feet into "V"-shaped, close to the knees, heels靠紧. Man standing with feet shoulder width. D, can not stand when叉腰, pole bending legs or hands, help desk, wall and so on. E, standing for non-hand fork when the pocket in the clothes can not stretch, get hair and other little tricks. F, standing打拍子feet, not 32 to get together to chat. 3, take the attitude A, head, chest, arms swing naturally down, legs should be straight. Women take the word step, the man walking with the feet parallel. B, are not allowed to摇头晃脑walking, whistling, snacking may not be hand fork pockets. C, walking may not be running, jumping, not the guests through the middle. D, off-off站定, take the initiative to give way and say hello nod. E, walk in the corridor should be on the right hand wall is not allowed. F, three or more scattered to walk in small groups can not peer. May not be walking勾肩搭背, said, laughing, or rough. Fourth, the Department of incentive regulations Rooms (Punishment Ordinance) Verbal warning 1, the regular meeting or work late, leave early. 2, working hours reading books, read the newspaper, eating snacks, drinks, fall asleep. 3, spitting, litter paper, peel and other debris. 4, not at designated employees access channel, through the lobby, main entrance, warming Gallery, in civilian dress to enter the workplace. 5, in violation of the rules and regulations quarters, educators have been criticized. 6, the provisions of the ban on smoking in the smoking area. 7, on duty when listening to music, watching TV, make personal phone calls or chat by phone. 8, the working hours of unauthorized absence from the job, or a string of gang扎堆chat, not good at with instructions to enter the Center Center. 9, the slow distribution of the work of a higher level, delay, work do not have a strong sense of responsibility, carelessness, resulting in the work of errors were minor. 10, on duty in public places or when the appearance is not the whole dress is not required, such as licensing work with distortion, not the entire hair, such as relying on the walls. 11, in the use of all剔牙off, dug ears, scratching, to pull the nose, look in the mirror, make-up, started referring to, whistling, hands pockets, hands叉腰, such as loud hubbub of the move being professional demeanor. 12, service is not active, not passion, not honorific and polite language and not the guests made a positive solution to the requirements of power, caused by dissatisfaction with the guests. 13, staff regulations violations, the presence of management staff is not correct, non-stop, non-performance of the management responsibility of a minor nature. 14, in violation of the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations or department, a minor. 15, in the health inspection, a number of unqualified persons found. Slight fault 1, within one month by two oral警告者. 2, is not reasonable obedience to superior orders, did not complete the task or intention to sabotage the work of their superiors who are impolite words and deeds. 3, the work of sow discord, slander others, to spread the speech is not conducive to unity; the work of the spirit of the lack of coordination and cooperation, with the result that the work be affected. 4, time to fall asleep on duty, dry private live. 5, in violation of various safety rules and working procedures for the operation of norms and rules and regulations. 6, not to subordinate the management of discipline found not stopped, not by the punishment. 7, unauthorized use of passenger amenities or facilities, unauthorized guests turning items. 8, the language vulgar, impolite to the guests, and guests to argue, without consent or authorization into the leadership of the Office of the guests rooms. Small fault 1, by two months to deal with two minor mistakes. 2, work is not serious, not enthusiasm or the leadership of complaints by the guests. 3, authorization to accept guests tips, articles, or have left over items are not timely paid 4, the working hours as well as the impact of the guests shouted rest hubbub. 5, as a result of the mistakes made by individuals affect the work of customer service. 6, contrary to the positions of the working procedures or rules and regulations as well as hidden dangers caused by work. 7, using improper means to interfere with the work of others. 8, unauthorized use of guests of the goods or equipment without the approval of unauthorized use of center equipment. 9, knowing that the loss or loss of property, and turning a blind eye is not reporting. 10, does not provide true and accurate report, form or material. 11, leakage of confidential centers, the Center lost keys, documents and other important items. Major fault 1, within three months by the two in mind to deal with small errors. 2, twice within two months under the leadership of the guests or complaints. . 3, work positions, or dereliction of duty, unauthorized absence from the adverse effects caused by some. 4, mismanagement, resulting in serious losses Center. 5, to work with when drinking or drunkenness. . 6, refused to accept the leadership of the organization of a reasonable work, bad attitude. 7, the work of dereliction of duty caused by power failure, water, parking and other major incidents. 8, other violations of rules and regulations, the circumstances of a serious shortage of dismissal. Dismissed, removed or expelled from the 1, a serious dereliction of duty, corruption, resulting in heavy losses. 2, by the public security organs shall be held criminally accountable. 3, can not do the work, after training or adjustment of status can not be doing the work. V 4, theft or private use Center materials, private room to open. 5, insult, slander, assault, intimidation, threats against colleagues and leading or fighting. 6, alcohol, gambling, the adverse effects caused. 7, do not obey the leadership of the command, the leadership refused to assign a reasonable work, through the Education invalid. 8, deliberate damage to public property. 9, the use of public谋私, corruption, misappropriation of public funds. 10, released to the outside world center slanderous remarks made remarks prejudicial to the reputation of the Center, severely damaged the image center. 11, recorded a major fault or two small errors or warnings shown no apparent repentance. 12, other serious violations of discipline violations. (Award) 1, in the service work, outstanding performance with outstanding performance. 2, put forward some reasonable proposals to improve the quality of service or to contribute to saving energy and reducing consumption. 3, quality service, by the central leadership or guests. 4, a strong sense of responsibility, the timely detection of a variety of hidden dangers and prevent accidents. 5,拾金不昧, won the reputation as the center. 6, solid work hard to unite colleagues, be sure the same. 7, honorable, the protection of the state, collectives and the safety of guests property. 8, who have made outstanding contributions in other areas. V. Housekeeping service standards and disciplinary provisions of 1, obedience to superior management, unity and colleagues, work full emotional, not to The impact of the work for personal reasons 2, work, work to maintain the appearance of a person's own instrument, and maintain the Center clean and quiet and maintain normal private life. 3, working hours is prohibited access to make private telephone calls, meeting with friends or chat is strictly prohibited. 4, in the service area to achieve the "three-light" to speak not only light, light walking, light operation. 5, on the customer service should not be too affectionate, guests can not make up the shoulder. 6, guests can not be asked to "do not know" answer inquiries as far as possible, in the case of improper words and deeds of the guests, not tit-for-tat should be tactfully explained. Adhere to the guests is always right. 7, in the face of the guests may not smoke, eat, read the newspaper, may not be rough foul language; does not mean that the private opinions, do not talk about national issues. 8, the guests have asked or required to be recorded immediately so as not to forget that beyond the terms of reference should be unable to process request to the leadership may not be good at doing that. 9, without the guests agreed that children should not have to play the visitors to avoid unhappy customers; when going out or entertaining guests when their children can not neglect, but not chaos to the food. 10, in front of the guests did not say unnecessary action if not arrogant. 11, does not apply if the guests fall ill or have other anomalies should be reported immediately to avoid accidents. 12, knocked on the door to develop good habits, are not free to enter the guest room, guest room shall be arbitrarily moving luggage items should be in the guest room shall not open the door to close. 13, without a tenant to confirm whether or not the tenant agree that should not be opening the door for others. 14, guests should take the initiative to get out of baggage items found in time and turned over to the return of first time guests.

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