英语文学开题论文模板

发布时间：2023-12-08 01:22:30

英语文学开题论文模板

英语文学是英语专业学生的一门重要的课程,对于英语学生的自身能力的提升具有十分重要的意义,下面是我为您带来的英语文学开题报告范文，欢迎阅读! 英语文学开题报告范文篇1 题目 An Analysis of the Character Portia in the Merchant of Venice 一、本课题的研究目的及意义 (一)研究目的莎士比亚作为英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的艺术大师，被马克思称之为“最伟大的戏剧天才”。透过似真似幻的舞台和匠心独具的故事，莎翁塑造了一系列不朽的人物典型。尤其是塑造了众多而鲜明的人物形象。在莎士比亚的剧作中出场的女性人物有一百多人，在众多的女性人物中上至贵族，下至平民百姓，几乎是各不相同。而《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚更是被公认为莎士比亚笔下别具风采的女性形象。众多评论家认为莎士比亚戏剧中刻画的女性形象大都非常贴近生活，具有巨大的认识价值。。在这一讽刺喜剧《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚美丽、善良、机智、自信、富有才华和胆识，正体现了莎士比亚从男性的视觉自发塑造的理想中的新女性。作为新女性的鲍西亚，具有一定的判逆性格，不甘于被命运摆弄做逆来顺受的“家庭天使”，在一定程度上体现了莎士比亚对人文主义精神的追求。然而，从女性主义的视角来分析，在男性为中心的社会里，鲍西亚绝非真正具有女性的自我意识，而是甘于向父权社会妥协的不完美的新女性。本课题通过对《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚形象的分析，让读者了解鲍西亚思想上、性格上的先进性与局限性，对现代女性起到一定的启示作用。 (二)研究意义莎士比亚通过对生活细致入微的观察，对人性深刻的剖析，创作出《威尼斯商人》这部极具讽刺性的喜剧。在莎士比亚的笔下，女性的感情与理智平分秋色，女性是以与男性平等的形象出现的。这在鲍西亚这一角色身上表现最为突出。鲍西亚美丽温柔、忠贞不渝、善良可爱、机智勇敢、足智多谋。她掌握着自己的命运，不仅在自主选择丈夫方面，而且在与夏洛克的斗争中起到了关键性的作用。在当今的现实生活中，鲍西亚光彩照人的女性形象也可以带给人们启迪和借鉴。鲍西亚在金钱和爱情的杠杆上，选择了爱情。在她的内心深处爱情价更高，是金钱、物质所无法取代的。她对于爱情忠贞不渝和执着，值得现代生活中个别只追求物质享受的女人去学习。在现实生活中，个别人不应该由于自己的优越条件而歧视别人，更要学会不用有色眼光去看待别人。在法庭上，讲义气、才智非凡的鲍西亚女扮男装以法律博士的身份出场，使剧情有了戏剧性的转折，使夏洛克一步步在不知不觉中陷入她的计策。她成功的妙计足以显示出其学问深厚，机智敏锐，有胆有识的特点，这种女性形象也是我们所认同和赞赏的。《威尼斯商人》中的鲍西亚人物形象具有生动鲜明，栩栩如生，有血有肉等特点。本文通过对《威尼斯商人》主要人物鲍西亚的分析，力图从新的视角去尝试发觉人物的真实性和人物的多面性，给现实生活中的人们以启迪和借鉴。二、已了解的本课题国内外研究现状 (一)国外研究现状欧洲的14到16世纪，是人类文化发展史上的一个重要时期。发源于意大利的强大的人文主义运动很快席卷欧洲各国。它从反对封建专制，教会权威和禁欲主义的历史要求出发，肯定人的价值，赞美人的理性和智慧，提倡人对现世幸福的追求和个性自由。这一时期的欧洲戏剧以英国和西班牙为主流，其中莎士比亚的许多剧作是世界戏剧宝库中珍品。从17世纪开始，莎士比亚戏剧渐次传入了德、法、意、俄、美等国，对各国戏剧产生了深远的影响。他虽说生活在400多年前，直到今天各国都有许多研究、评论莎士比亚和他作品的学者，评论家。17世纪有德莱登;18世纪有卜普、约翰生和莫尔根;19世纪有兰姆、柯勒律治;20世纪有道登和布雷德莱。世界各国许多著名的文学家和文艺评论家如德国的歌德，法国的伏尔泰、雨果，俄罗斯的普希金、托尔斯泰等人，都对莎士比亚作品有过精彩的评论。英国著名文学评论家萨缪尔.约翰逊认为莎士比亚的戏剧是生活的镜子，“谁要是被其他作家们捏造出来的荒.唐故事弄得头昏眼花，读一下莎士比亚用凡人的语言所表达的凡人思想感情就会医治好他的颠三倒四的狂想”。《威尼斯商人》的一大成就，就是在轻松的喜剧描写中不忘反映时代，并非只在台词里述说介绍，而是通过情节、人物和人物关系等几个方面，来显示时代风貌和生活要求。 (二)国内研究现状莎士比亚的名字是由传教士在1856年介绍过来的。清末，我国思想界代表人物严复、梁启超等都在译著中提到莎士比亚的名字。而他的戏剧直到1919年五四运动以后，才用白话文和戏剧的形式翻译过来。新中国成立以后，特别是20世纪50年代，出现了许多新译本，其中就有方平译的《威尼斯商人》，也是在这一时期我国学者开始阐释并莎士比亚及其作品《威尼斯商人》中的____文化内涵，这不仅是我国莎学研究的进一步补充与完善，更是与国际学术接轨的重大举措，是理性沉思后的再审视。20世纪60年代方平先生在他的莎学研究中仍然突出了意识形态与阶级斗争。他认为，莎士比亚的喜剧《威尼斯商人》所表现的“积财就是积富”和“守财就是进财”，表明资本主义经济势力开始在历史舞台上露头，构成了它的互为补充的两套道德教条。而自1985年到2005年的20年来我国大陆的莎士比亚喜剧研究像《威尼斯商人》，发现大致可分为三个方面，喜剧本质研究、人物形象的研究和比较研究。对莎翁喜剧本质关注的角度主要在于探讨其喜剧体现出来的喜剧精神、喜剧艺术、喜剧美学。人物研究集中在对夏洛克和女性人物分析，主题定位于爱和友谊。三、本课题的研究内容摘要 (一) 本课题研究的目的及意义 (二)本课题相关的研究综述 (三)本课题研究的基本思路和主要内容简单介绍《威尼斯商人》中的作者背景和历史背景对《威尼斯商人》中女性人物鲍西亚的分析鲍西亚的本质鲍西亚的人文主义精神鲍西亚的女性自我意识三、《威尼斯商人》中女性局限性的表现 (一)父权社会对女性的控制 (二)以丈夫为中心 (三)社会对女性的忽视四、威尼斯商人对现代女性的启示 (一)夫妻间的两性关系 (二)爱情独立性和平等性的探求 (三)社会对女性的压力五、对课题《威尼斯商人》的总结四、本课题研究的步骤、方法及进度安排研究的步骤：1.审理清楚课题的意思和研究方向 2.了解课题的研究现状和查找相关的资料 3.在图书馆和网络上收集相关的书籍和资料，整合资料并做好笔记 4.拟写开题报告 5.拟写大纲 6.着手写正文 7.论文修改与定稿研究的方法：文献法、理论研究法(到图书馆查找纸质及电子资料) 讨论法(与同学讨论相关的研究内容) 实证研究法(通过相关的例子又发思考) 进度安排： . 选题定题查找资料，初定提纲和开题报告论文初稿并修改论文修改并定稿五、主要参考文献 [1]Jameson. Shakespeare’s Heroines. London: Longman, 1961. [2]Wilson, John Dover. Shakespearian Comedies. Chicago: Northwest University Press, 1962. [3]方平. 和莎士比亚交个朋友吧[M]. 成都：四川人民出版社，1983. [4]郭元波, 唐爽. Humanistic Interpretation of the Merchant of Venice [J]. 辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)2006(3):94—96. [5]胡健生，朱祖林. The Excel lent Use of “Abrupt Turn” and the Elaborate Construction of “Behind—the—Screen characters”—A Novel Interpretation of the Artistic Features of the Venice Merchant[J].宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学报), 2000 (2):42-46 [6]黄必康. 莎士比亚名篇赏析[M]. 北京：北京出版社，2005. [7]栗沙. 亦喜亦悲两相宜-《威尼斯商人》解释[J].贵州师大学学报:1998(2). [8]黎会华. 从《威尼斯商人》的女性人物塑造看莎士比亚的女权主义倾向[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)，2003 (2):23-26. [9]欧华恩. 论夏洛克性格的多元组合[J]. 邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)，2005(4):16-19. [10]王述文. On Images of Heroines in Shakespeare’s Four Greatest Comedies[J].四川外语学院学报, 2000(4)：16. [11]王佐良，祝钰. European Culture An Introduction[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2004. [12]温祖荫.世界名著介绍与欣赏[M].福州：福建教育出版社.1983. [13]肖四新.论莎士比亚的人性观[J].宁夏大学学报(社会科学版), 2006(2):12. [14]张祥和，杨菲翡. Function of Disguise in Shakespeare’s Comedies [J]. 南京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2004 (3):27-29. [15]智量.外国文学名作自学手册[M]. 上海：上海艺术出版社，1985. 英语文学开题报告范文篇2 一、选题的目的和意义：当今世界高校的大学英语( 非英语专业的英语学习 ) 都相继走上了ESP 教学的道路( 蔡基刚，20xx， 20xx)，而我国大学英语却始终停留在General English( 普通英语) 上( 蔡基刚，20xx) ，我们河南理工大学地质工程的大学英语教学还处于普通英语教学时期，虽然开设了一门《地球科学》双语课程，但是没能实现大学英语教学与双语教学的融合，这方面没有老师进行专门用途英语教学的实践。本篇论文首先对我国高校地质工程专业大学英语教学现状进行调研，并分析阻碍本专业大学英语由普通英语( GE) 向专门用途英语( ESP) 转移的因素。通过本次调研可以让我们更清晰的认识到我国地质工程专业的大学英语的教学现状，为本专业英语教学由普通英语( GE) 向专门用途英语( ESP) 转移提供参考数据。《上海市大学英语教学参考框架(试行)》以获得上海市教育委员会批准，上海市专门用途英语( ESP)又向前迈进了一大步;地质是矿业的基础，作为我国矿业高等学校的发源地的河南理工大学，更要做矿业方面专门用途英语教学的开拓者甚至领头羊，我们学校应该加大这一学科的探索研究。河南理工大上学地质工程专业的《地球科学》双语课在20xx年已经建成为国家级双语教学示范课程，地质工程专业大学英语教学与双语教学融合为专门用途英语教学的探索可能是这一平台将来的发展方向。我呼吁我们学校外国语学院与资源环境学院尽快进行沟通合作，这也是我写这篇论文的目的。本篇论文的提出不仅对我校地质工程大学英语教学走向专门用途英语教学有促进意义，同时对其他专业也有借鉴参考作用。二、国内外研究综述：我国大学英语教学大致分为三个阶段：第一阶段是从建国后到七十年代末，起初我国的外语教育以俄语为主，62年开始推广英语教学，当时的英语教学是典型的传授式以传统系统知识为目的，后因“”刚刚开始的公共英语教学也就此折腰; 第二阶段是从改革开放初至世纪末，一批归国学者从国外引进了二语习得、语言共核、功能意念、语言技能、English for General Purposes (EGP ) 等当时的先进理论，形成以培养学生阅读能力为主的教学模式。 1986年末，国家教育部高等教育司开始筹备大学英语教学的评价系统一一大学英语四、六级考试，并沿用至今。第三阶段是从21世纪初至今，新世纪以来，随着国际国内形势的不断变化、高科技的发展、网络技术的普及，社会对大学生的英语水平及语言应用能力又有了更高的要求。明确了大学英语的教学目标是：“培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，能用英语有效地进行交际，同时增强其自主学习能力”。大学英语四、六级考试在20xx年和20xx年也进行了改革，以适应这一要求。国际专门用途英语起源于第二次世界大战之后，时间大致是二十世纪的六十年代，其标志是年月于英国伦敦召开的一次关于二语教学作为影响亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲国家和地区发展的一个因素的国际性会议)。(周平。《山东农业大学学报(社会科学版)》20xx年02期)。国际专门用途在研究领域方面，不管是学术论文还是书评，占主导地位的研究方向是语篇分析。而在专门用途英语类别方面，还是以学术英语和经贸英语为主。在英语技能方面，大多数研究者主要关注写作方面的研究。(张维军。《中国ESP研究》20xx年01期) 我国专门用途英语的教学研究起步较晚，直到20 世纪70 年代末才开始，大致经历了3 个发展阶段：第一阶段是从20 世纪70 年代末至80 年代末。这一阶段国内的专门用途英语教学以科技英语为主。第二阶段大致为20 世纪90 年代。这一阶段以介绍推广专门用途英语教学的理念为主。随着国内外经济交往的频繁，商务活动的增多，对商务英语的教学研究在这一时期逐渐取代科技英语研究成为主流。另外还产生了对金融、旅游和医学等领域英语教学的研究。第三阶段从2000 年至今，专门用途英语研究在中国全面扩大和深入。随着中国加入世贸组织，对外交流扩大到了整个社会，扩大到了科学技术经济的各个领域……一般的外语技能已很难满足市场需要，社会对专门用途英语教学的需求比以往任何时候都更迫切了。随着我国经济高速发展，专门用途英语教学迎来了全新的发展时期。地质工程专门用途英语是专门用途英语的一部分，其专门用途英语教学正处于起步发展阶段。地质工程专业英语教育发展较迅速，但是真正的地质工程专门用途英语教学的发展还处于萌芽阶段。三、毕业设计(论文)所用的主要技术与方法：图书馆查阅资料，网上下载论文，在河南理工大学、中国矿业大学和中国地质大学实地调研，通过整理调研资料对数据进行分析。网上下载本专业大学英语课程及双语课程视频。翻译地质工程《地球科学》双语教材，从翻译实践中总结理论。与学校老师及管教学的领导交谈，整理分析交谈笔记。四、主要参考文献与资料获得情况： [1] 郭剑晶。专门用途英语 . 北京：知识产权出版社，. [2] 蔡基刚。我国第一份以学术英语为导向的大学英语教学指导文件的制定与说明[J]. 外语教学理论与实践，20xx(04)。 [3] 蔡基刚。误解与偏见：阻碍我国大学ESP教学发展的关键[J]. 外语教学，20xx(01)。 [4] 蔡基刚。高等教育国际化背景下的外语教学评价体系调整[J]. 外语电化教学， 20xx(01)。 [5] 蔡基刚。专业英语及其教材对我国高校ESP教学的影响[J]. 外语与外语教学， 20xx(02)。 [6] 蔡基刚。解读《上海市大学英语教学参考框架(试行)》[J]. 中国外语，20xx(02)。 [7] 申婷。大学英语教学发展历程[J]. 中国共产党贵州省委党校学报，20xx(02)。 [8] 张维军。国际学术界ESP 研究历史与现状：《国际专门用途英语》期刊论文分析[J]. 外语教学理论与实践，20xx(03)。 [9] 严玲。中国专门用途英语的教学发展趋势 [J]. 长江大学学报，20xx(04)。五、毕业设计(论文)进度安排(按周说明) 第一阶段：确定论文题目，收集资料，尽可能多的收集相关书籍、文章、期刊等; 第二阶段：20xx年3月7日(第二周)前完成选题，交论文开题报告; 第三阶段：20xx年4月18日(第八周)前完成初稿，交导师审阅; 第四阶段：20xx年5月9日(第十一周)前接受论文中期检查; 第五阶段：20xx年5月19日(第十二周)前完成修订初稿，交导师审阅; 第六阶段：20xx年5月23日(第十三周)前完成论文终稿，交稿。六、指导教师审批意见：指导教师： (签名) 年月日英语文学开题报告范文篇3 the Application and Innovation 一、选题的意义和研究现状 1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力 , 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案 1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲) 研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果(大纲): Survey of Gothic Definition of Gothic the Origin of Gothic Novels Historical Reasons Folklore in Germantic Nationality Drama in the Renaissance the Bible and Legends in Christianity Development of the Novel Itself Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism Sublime and Beautiful 2. Emily’s Gothic Heritage Theme Good and Evil Revenge Characters Description Villain-hero Delicate Young Girl Atmosphere, Environment and Plot Terror Mystery Supernatural ’s Gothic Innovation Combination of romanticism and Realism Change of the Background Use of Symbolism Stream of Consciousness Illusion and Subconsciousness . Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2.拟采用的研究方法主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料; 可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足; (2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1.研究进度安排 (1)论文指导第一周(学期第八周)：学生完成初稿。 (2)论文指导第二周(学期第九周)：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。 (3)论文指导第三周(学期第十周)：学生交论文第二稿。 (4)论文指导第四周(学期第十一周)：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。 (5)论文指导第五周(学期第十二周)：定稿 (6)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周)：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。 (7)论文指导第六周(学期第十三周)：本周星期五至论文指导第七周(学期第周)星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。 (8)论文指导第七周(学期第十四周)：星期三至论文指导第八周(学期第十五周)开展答辩工作。 2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献 [1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20. [2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press. [3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83. [4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 6. [5] 方平. 1993 .希望在人间—论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M]. 上海译文出版社. 第24页. [6] 盖斯凯尔夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M]. 张淑荣等译. 北京: 团结出版社. 第11—12页. [7] 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统[J]. 外国文学评论第3期. 看过“英语文学开题报告范文”的人还看了： 1. 英语专业开题报告范文 2. 英语论文开题报告范文 3. 英语专业论文开题报告 4. 关于英语专业开题报告范文 5. 文学论文开题报告范文

英语专业论文开题报告模板题目：呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫性格的双重性的分析一、选题的目的、意义(理论、现实)和国内外研究概况 1.目的和意义：《呼啸山庄》是十九世纪英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特生平创作的唯一一部小说。小说的故事情节主要是围绕希斯克厉夫和凯瑟琳的爱情展开的，希斯克厉夫的“爱一恨一复仇一人性复归”既是小说的精髓，又是贯穿作品始终的线索。评论家们对这部经典文学作品历来意见纷纭，尤其是对小说中的男主人公希斯克厉夫的讨论。评论家们对小说中希斯克利夫的性格从不同的方面进行了分析。全面而深入地分析希斯克厉夫这一人物对我们更好地研究小说起至关重要的作用。小说中最精彩的部分就是希斯克厉夫与凯瑟琳之间的爱情故事，他们之间的爱情已远远超出了一般意义上的爱情，可以说是一种超人间的爱。但也就是这种爱情的产生和发展成了主人公西斯科历夫的性格中双重性形成的一个关键原因。本课题从西斯科历夫的被虐与自虐，懦弱与勇敢来分析主人公的性格成因，从而促使读者更好的理解艾米丽的呼啸山庄 2.国内外研究概况：国内外许多的专家学者都对呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的性格进行了分析。许多的专家学者从不同的角度分析了希斯克利夫的性格的双重性形成的原因进行分析，有的从社会背景原因进行了分析。有些学者认为他的性格是扭曲而自虐的，而有的学者则认为他是爱情中的英雄，敢爱敢恨。许多的学者对希斯克利夫性格的成因进行了分析如闫红梅，张润翻译的艾米莉·勃朗特.呼啸山庄中说到因为欣德利“那样对待希斯克利夫，圣徒也会被他变成恶魔的” 。刘风辉也在《复杂的双面人》中说道希斯克利夫特殊的性格完全是他周围的环境所造成的。毋庸置疑，金钱主宰一切是当时社会的标准，贫穷是可耻的。无论是否因你的过错而导致的贫穷，无论是否你有努力的过程，只要你现在仍是衣衫褴褛，你就注定遭受耻辱。贫穷带来的无穷无尽的耻辱生活就像一把刻刀，不断雕刻、改变着希斯克利夫的性格。而陈一萍在《希斯克利夫是浪漫主义英雄还是恶魔》中认为上帝是有报复性的，人类不会比他做得更好，希斯克利夫他不能超脱于人性，他也会为他所受到的.伤害进行报复。因此，从多角度出发，综合多种角度对希斯克利夫的性格分析有着重大的意义。二、本课题的理论依据、研究内容和研究方法、步骤及进度安排 1.研究内容：本课题对呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的性格的双重性的形成进行分析，分析希斯克利夫性格中自虐与被虐的原因，在爱情中勇敢与懦弱的双重性性格成因。首先会分析希斯克利夫在幼年时作为一个正常人得性格特征。【幼年时的被虐】其次分析长大后的希斯克利夫在复仇中所表现出来的冷酷与扭曲的性格。【希斯克利夫的自虐】再次：从希斯克利夫复仇后的性格分析，在他双重性的性格下是人性的扭曲。最后通过对希斯克利夫的性格的分析，可以得到人性的回归。 2.研究方法：查阅法：通过对相关文献进行查阅，从多种角度了解西斯科利福性格的成因。分析法：通过对艾米丽笔下的西斯科历夫的性格分析，分析他性格双重性形成的原因。比较法：通过西斯科厉夫的被虐与自虐，勇敢与懦弱进行对比。 3.步骤：选题——开题——初稿——完善——截稿 4.进度安排： 11月提交开题报告 12月完成初稿 4月完成论文写作三、本课题的重点、难点，预期结果和成果形式 1.本课题的重点、难点：本文将从西斯科历夫的被虐与自虐，勇敢与懦弱进行分析，从他最开始的正常性格到后来的性和扭曲的变化分析他性格中双重性的形成原因。以及他性格中的勇敢与懦弱也注定了他性格的扭曲。分析中凯瑟琳是一个影响西斯科厉夫的重要人物，而他们的爱情则是他性格双重性形成的至关重要的原因。最后，不论西斯科历夫的性格怎样扭曲，始终抵不过人性，从他最后的结局我们看到了人性的回归。 2.预期结果：能够做到分析定位，表达清楚，提高对英文小说中人物性格的准确分析，达到论文研究的目的。 3.成果形式：论文 ;

本科毕业论文开题报告论文题目the Application and Innovationof Gothicism in Wuthering Heights一、选题的意义和研究现状 1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案 1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉• 勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果（大纲）: 1．A Survey of Gothic Definition of Gothic the Origin of Gothic Novels Historical Folklore in Germantic Drama in the the Bible and Legends in Christianity Development of the Novel Challenge of Romanticism to Sublime and Beautiful 2. Emily’s Gothic Heritage Theme Good and Evil Revenge Characters Description Villain-hero Delicate Young Girl Atmosphere, Environment and Plot Terror Mystery Supernatural ’s Gothic Innovation Combination of romanticism and Realism Change of the Background Use of Symbolism Stream of Consciousness Illusion and Subconsciousness . Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2．拟采用的研究方法主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足;(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1．研究进度安排（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。 2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条） [1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20. [2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press. [3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83. [4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 6. [5] 方平. 1993 .希望在人间—论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M]. 上海译文出版社. 第24页. [6] 盖斯凯尔夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M]. 张淑荣等译. 北京: 团结出版社. 第11—12页. [7] 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统[J]. 外国文学评论第3期. [8] 鲜于静. 2003. 神秘和怪诞的魅力——福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA]. 中国学位论文全文库.

英语文学论文开题报告模板

英美文学的英语毕业论文开题报告范文

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。下面，我为大家分享英美文学的英语毕业论文开题报告，希望对大家有所帮助!

一、选题的背景与意义：

(一)课题研究来源

在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。

(二)课题研究的目的

本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。

(三)课题研究的意义

艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家，是著名的勃朗特姐妹之一，也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上著名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且，艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾，由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。

二、国内外研究现状：

(一)国内研究现状

1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析，他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱，同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出：艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳，展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。

2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为，自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然，要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性，得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明，则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式，要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类，因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失，自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始，文明和自然的冲突就不断。

(二) 国外研究现状

1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道：“当夏洛蒂写作时，她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验，虽然比较强烈，却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有我,没有家庭女教师，没有东家。有爱，却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励，促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去，而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折，但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎，通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们，全人类和你们，永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”

2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时，他总结说：“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰，也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然，荒野与暴风雨，星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒，他们生活在这个世界里，而且努力去改变它，有时顺利，却总是痛苦的，几乎不断遇到困难，不断犯错误。”

三、课题研究内容及创新

(一)课题研究内容

艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义，例如，呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然，他们崇尚自由，顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明，他们彬彬有礼，服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄，于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战，她开始背叛自己的内心情感，越来越像淑女，最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿，表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端，他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲，约束人的真实自然之情，造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步，但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终，艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明，让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的.同情以及要求人顺应人性，重返自然的思想。本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述：

1. 自然和文明的定义

2. 自然和文明的较量： a.自然和文明的象征：呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争：凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲

3. 结论人应该顺从自然，归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。

(二)课题研究创新

本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用，来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园，分别代表自然和文明，还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格，通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。

四、课题的研究方法：

本选题拟采用多种研究手法，然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括： 1、定性分析法：根据主观的判断和分析能力，推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法：通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法：即历史文献法，就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料，从中选取信息，以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法：即针对某个研究主题，对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理，对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别，清理与分析，并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况，取得的成果，存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述，评论，建构与阐述。其中，确定一个研究主题，收集整理专题文献，阅读与挖掘文献内容，清理与记述专题研究状况，建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。

五、研究计划及预期成果

(一)研究计划

4月15日-4月18日：指定论文指导教师，学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日：完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日：完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日：完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交，以便答辩老师阅读)，指导教师分组阅读论文，师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日：论文答辩(答辩后，学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改，以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日：二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。

(二)预期成果

按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的，字数在5000英文单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。

六、参考文献：

[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.

[2] Cecil, Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934

[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着，方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社， 2001

[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着，宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社， 1996

[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01)：69-73

[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6)：80-83

[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04)：80-85

[8] 邵旭东。何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04)：77-81

七、指导教师评语：

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

英语谚语论文开题报告模板

在网上找的我也刚写完这个差不多很规范了本科毕业论文开题报告论文题目the Application and Innovation of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights 一、选题的意义和研究现状1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果（大纲）:1．A Survey of Gothic Definition of Gothic the Origin of Gothic Novels Historical Reasons Folklore in Germantic Nationality Drama in the Renaissance the Bible and Legends in Christianity Development of the Novel Itself Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism Sublime and Beautiful2. Emily’s Gothic Heritage Theme Good and Evil Revenge Characters Description Villain-hero Delicate Young Girl Atmosphere, Environment and Plot Terror Mystery ’s Gothic Innovation Combination of romanticism and Realism Change of the Background Use of Symbolism Stream of Consciousness Illusion and Subconsciousness . Description of Figure Emotion and PsychologyReference2．拟采用的研究方法主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足; (2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见1．研究进度安排（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条）[1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 20.[2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University Press.[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 83.[4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 6.[5] 方平. 1993 .希望在人间—论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M]. 上海译文出版社. 第24页.[6] 盖斯凯尔夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M]. 张淑荣等译. 北京: 团结出版社. 第11—12页.[7] 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统[J]. 外国文学评论第3期.[8] 鲜于静. 2003. 神秘和怪诞的魅力——福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA]. 中国学位论文全文库.

怎么写开题报告呢？首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。

英语论文开题报告范文 function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts). dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts. 2 outline development and major concepts of dts in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. methodolgy i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. dts in contrast to other theories a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. case study in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. conclusion based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.) 0 000

英语论文开头模板

一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested （与...息息相关）十四、进行比较1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人

英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。

要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头

2、紧扣主题的结尾

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。

在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。

goes without saying that…不言而喻…

can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……

the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，

has to be noticed that…必须注意到…

's generally recognized that…普遍认为…

1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展

2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……

我无法完全同意这一观点

far as I am concerned/In my opinion……

就我而言……

5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……

最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……

导语：议论文是英语写作中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!

一.开头句型

far as ...is concerned 就……而言比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句可以肯定地说......

the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，可以用来引用名言名句

4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。

5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管

6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…

, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)

this respect, 从这个角度上

, 然而…

三.结尾句型

will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion

It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，

what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好

四.举例句型

1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子

… for example.就拿……为例子

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…

To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1

3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…

4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

六表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)

2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .

七演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)

八因果推理法常用句型

we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

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Good afternoon, professors and everyone. i am ... from ... and my supervisor is professor . under his encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper, the title of which is "...". i choose this t...

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。

论文陈述包含以下内容：

1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点

陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：

2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由

理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。

3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点

一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。

论文陈述写作示例：

1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?

2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。

3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。

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