写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
可以找上海洋文翻译中心，他们有个论文翻译专区服务，价格公道，我以前就在那里翻过。
有道、google均可，但是翻译完之后自己最好读一遍，有些是直译，所以语句不太通顺
在有道上面翻译一下就可以了 小改一下
需要，翻译也不难，大不了去某宝找个翻译的，也就20块钱
当然是翻译整篇论文啊，不然你觉得翻译什么啊，你要是英文不是很好的话，就去找清北医学翻译给你翻译，那边都是翻译高手
主要就是中英文摘要吧，正文应该不用哦。文献综述如果引用的是国外的，自己在正文中是引用翻译成中文的内容。
外文翻译就是在网上找一篇专业论文，要求跟你的涉及题目类似，然后自己翻译过来，翻译的字数要达到毕业设计的要求。文献综述就是把你用到的一些文献简单介绍下即可
答辩后大概率是要修改，因为答辩专家会提一些建议或者问题，会后你要根据这些建议或问题进一步完善论文，这也是答辩的目的之一。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
英语论文翻译软件好用的如下：
1、CNKI翻译助手。CNKI翻译助手是“中国知网”开发的大型在线辅助翻译系统，词汇、句子均可进行翻译检索。系统对翻译请求中的每个词给出准确翻译和解释，同时给出大量与翻译请求在结构上相似、内容上相关的例句。
2、Google语言工具。Google语言工具界面更友好。不仅支持中文与英文互译,也可以直接与英、法、德、等大语种或捷克、朝鲜语等小语种进行语无伦次的互译。总得来说 google 的翻译功能很强大。
3、Yahoo在线翻译。和谷歌相似，提供多种语言的全文翻译，翻译准确率较高。
4、微软WindowsLive在线翻译。这是软件专门用于提供翻译服务的网站，微软的翻译还是相当准确的，每次最多翻译500字，同时也提供网站全站翻译，支持多种语言。
5、金山爱词霸。最老牌的在线词典。词汇主要是从金山词霸整理而来，解释权威准确；用户也可以添加爱心词典，这部分词汇的准确性无法保证。常用词汇提供了真人发音和相关词汇释意。
6、海词在线词典。海词在线词典由在美国印第安纳大学的中国留学生范剑淼创建。正式使用于2003年11月27日（美国的感恩节）。词汇主要由计算机生成，准确性相对爱词霸弱，但是它提供了大量例句并且有发音，可以帮助矫正发音问题。
7、百度词典。百度词典的释义来自译典通，并且没有太大改进，无拼写提示无发音，基本上没有什么特点。类似于Handbook一类的工具书。
很多审稿人属于蹬鼻子上脸，你越表现的谦虚，卑微，比如你回复的时候说审稿人指出的都是对的，你全都是错的，全部都改了。这种情况下部分审稿人会觉得你好欺负，继续提一堆问题攻击你，你回复改完了之后还会继续干你。我早年被这么干过几次，折磨的我痛不欲生。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。若是还有不明白可以统一去知道了解下
论文翻译软件比较多，比如百度、谷歌、有道等等，软件其实大同小异吧。
摘要是需要的，其他部分不需要。
1.我们以一篇论文摘要为例。 打开智能翻译官,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
2.点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
3.文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
百度翻译
适用场景：长/短文献
写英文摘要对很多人来说是一件非常痛苦的事，这时候不妨把中文文档上传到【百度翻译】，立马就能得到中英对照的翻译结果。
下载的时候可免费导出Word格式的文档，二次修改很方便~PS:百度翻译不支持上传PDF格式，需要转换成Word格式哦。
第一，学术信息共享。翻译成英语易被国外检索，要是被检索并被应用刊登，您就偷着笑吧。极低概率，除非您全文都英文，而且是工科文章，理论必须非常革新，否则单个摘要没多大用。第二，充面子，您说我国教育水平多高呀，起码要跟世界接轨呀，于是乎···99%的毕业论文将仅仅成为毕业论文最后尘封，发光的毕竟是少数。第三，为了跟您提出疑惑，跑到百度发帖，促进国内互联网发展···顺便给分
并不是所有刊物都会要求文章有英文版摘要的。论文发表要把摘要翻译成英文主要是便于文章的检索，同时也便于国际间的学术分享与交流。
On the commercial banks in the development of retail banking Commercial banks commercial banks in the retail business is an important business areas and a source of income. At present, commercial banks in developed countries, income, retail business occupies a decisive position. China's commercial banks and retail business is still in its infancy, development is lagging behind, there are many problems. China's financial industry in 2006 to completely open up, from foreign banks increasingly competitive, how to speed up the development of commercial banks in the retail business to become China's commercial banks to survive and development. Therefore, the study of commercial banks in the retail business development status and problems to explore the response of retail business development strategy with realistic and far-reaching significance. In this paper, mainly from the development of China's commercial banks in the status quo and development problems, the answer to the development of China's commercial banks retail business major strategic significance, as well as banks in the increasingly fierce competition, China's commercial banks should adopt a series of measures programs,
元照英美法译文，流畅精准！research on the development of retail banking business of commercial bank ABSTRACT:the retail banking business of commercial bank is the important business domain and its resource of far the retail banking business play an important role in the revenue of the developed countries's commercial banking business of CHINA's commercial banks is in the initial stage,its development is relatively falling behind,also has more 2006,CHINA's financial sector has opened up competition is more and more fierce from foreign to accelerate the development of the retail banking business of commercial banking has become the serious question which CHINA's banking systems can get survial and development. so it has realistic and far-reaching significance that research on the present situation and existing problem about the commercial banking system's retail banking business,discussion on the strategic development of retail banking business. this lecture begins with the present situation of development of CHINA'S commercial banks and the existing problems,sovles the the most important strategic significance about CHINA's banking ' commeicial banking systems should take measures to deal with a series of issues in the fierce banking competitin. 英美法流畅标准！
Title:On the crime of polluting the environment Abstract: with the development of China's economy and the improvement of productivity, environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, the judicial practice of the crime of major environmental pollution accident before the difficult to play a role in the "criminal law amendment (eight)" after the introduction of the crime of major environmental pollution accident has made great changes, but there is still insufficient. How to make the crime of the new pollution environment better play a role in the judicial practice is one of the key issues of environmental governance at first chapter is an overview of the crime of polluting the environment, mainly about the concept and characteristics of this crime; the second chapter is the key elements of the crime of polluting the environment of the paper, mainly from the object of the crime, the objective aspect and subjective aspect, the objective aspect of crime, crime analysis results and the type of crime, the subjective aspect of the imputation principle of the key discussion; the third chapter is the identification of environmental pollution crime, mainly discusses the definition of the crime of crime and non crime, illegal disposal, the difference between causation and other crimes, and then discusses the legal punishment of the crime; the fourth chapter is about the suggestions, mainly is to refine the charges and increase the types of words: criminal law; criminal law amendment eight; environmental pollution
题目翻译如下Retail development of banking business in terms of the commercial bank。内容翻译如下The commercial bank retail business is commercial bank important business field and the invisible income source. In developed country commercial bank invisible income, the retail business occupies decisive position at present. But, the commercial bank of our country retail business still is in the junior stage , develops relative lagging , there exists a lot of problem. The finance job opens our country in 2006 to the outside world completely , the competition coming from a foreign bank gradually fierce , how to accelerates the important problem developing the commercial bank retail business becoming our country commercial bank existing and developing. Therefore, study commercial bank retail business present situation and have the problem, discuss the have reality and far-reaching countermeasure general plan significance that the retail business develops. Have problem has started off in the main body of a book being developed mainly from our country commercial bank present situation sum , has answered our country commercial bank developing retail business important strategy significance, measure waits for a series of problem as well as every commercial bank competing for middle , our country in gradually fierce bank ought to adopt.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、