我的毕业论文也是广告英语 不过不是翻译这边的 是语言学方面的...
广告的本质是传播，广告的灵魂是创意。 广告一词，据考证是一外来语。它首先源于拉丁文advertere，其意为注意,诱导,传播。中古英语时代（约公元1300—1475年），演变为Advertise，其含义衍化为“使某人注意到某件事”，或“通知别人某件事，以引起他人的注意”。直到17世纪末，英国开始进行大规模的商业活动。这时，广告一词便广泛地流行并被使用。此时的“广告”，已不单指一则广告，而指一系列的广告活动。静止的物的概念的名词Advertise，被赋予现代意义，转化成为“Advertising”。汉字的广告一词源于日本。 《韦伯斯特词典》对广告的定义是：广告是指在通过直接或间接的方式强化销售商品、传播某种主义或信息、召集参加各种聚会和集会等意图下开展的所有告之性活动的形式（韦伯斯特辞典1977年版）。 在现代，广告被认为是运用媒体而非口头形式传递的具有目的性信息的一种形式，它旨在唤起人们对商品的需求并对生产或销售这些商品的企业产生了解和好感，告之提供某种非营利目的的服务以及阐述某种意义和见解等（韦伯斯特辞典1988版）。 《简明大不列颠百科全书》（15版）对广告的定义是：广告是传播信息的一种方式，其目的在于推销商品、劳务服务、取得政治支持、推近一种事业或引起刊登广告者所希望的其他的反映。广告信息通过各种宣传工具，传递给它所想要吸引的观众或听众。广告不同于其他传递信息的形式，它必须由登广告者付给传播的媒介以一定的报酬。 社会学家、评论家艾君在1994年由现代出版社出版的《当代生意经》对于广告概念问题这样阐述，读完一些广告定义，不难发现有的还可以说是个较为完整的定义，有的则只是对广告的简单地判断。更值得商榷的是有的定义还没有解释清楚广告是怎么回事，解释中又重复出现了“广告”之词。或将广告当成修饰词语出现，如广告语，广告客户、广告者、广告信息……这好比张三问李四：“什么叫艺术？”李四答：“由艺术家创作或表演的作品……”。人们便会问：没有讲明艺术的定义，不知道什么叫艺术，怎么会出现艺术家？ 艾君认为，在弄清广告定义之前，首先要看看生活中的广告活动是怎样运转的。他解读为，组织或个体（广告主）为了目的（树立形象、推销产品、求购、声明、招生、求职等）依靠（付出费用）确定媒体，按规定时间、要求，真实地传播信息的活动。 从广告运转的规律、程序，艾君为广告下这样一个定义： 广告，即确定的组织或个人为了一定的目的，依靠付出费用，在规定的时间内，按照要求，由指定的媒体，将真实信息传播出去的一种交流活动。他认为，这个定义从实践中来，必然能反映广告的本质属性，也能够解释通除商业广告之外的一些广告现象。如“征婚启事”、“政府通告”、“聚会通知”等一些与经济无关的公益广告。 在中国，商业广告还没有到达颠峰，已存在着极大的泡沫成分和非理性行为；随着消费者的成熟、行业的规范，企业也会走向理性，自然会回落，启用普通模特将成为主流；同时，广告将异军突起并逐渐走向成熟，避免不了挑战。企业启用形象代言人，可能有各种目的，尤其当“子弦效应”和炒作之风盛行的年代。笔者在对形象代言人按照“准确营销”的观点进行理论总结，发现了现代市场形象代言人基本特性，用广告方式传达品牌独特、鲜明的个性主张，使产品得以与目标消费群建立某种联系，顺利进入消费者的生活和视野，达到与之心灵的深层沟通，并在其心中树立某种印象和地位，使品牌变成一个有意义的带有附加价值的符码。他通过一定的媒介或载体传播诉诸目标受众，从而在品牌如云的市场中树立和打造个性化的品牌形象。他或者通过品牌创立人独具人格魅力的形象代言，给目标受众以鲜明的品牌个性和信心；或者通过影视明星、社会名人极具亲和力的广告代言，令品牌产品迅速对目标消费群的购买施加影响；或者通过虚构人物演绎品牌叙事，传达品牌理念与价值取向，赢得目标受众的认同；或者通过漫画式卡通动物的形象代言，塑造活泼可爱、耳目一新的品牌形象，让人在相视一笑中对品牌产生美好的联想和印象。他的形象代言并不完全等于企业的形象，所以，他的走红并不意味着产品就能够走红。企业的监督与他们的配合就显得相当重要。而他们也应有自我约束的责任意识，真正融入这个企业文化，真正用心去演绎产品宣传理念，才会凸现广而告之的意思。英文The advertisement nature is propagation , the advertisement soul is an innovative idea. That word , evidence once research textually advertisement is one word of foreign origin. It originates from Latin advertere first , it's intention is guidance , propagation pay attention to. Middle English times (makes an appointment with . 1300 develops into Advertise in 1475), that it's import spreads out Hua Wei "makes a certain person pay attention to arriving at some matter " , "informs others of or some matter, to arouse others's paying attention to ". Until 17 ends of the century , United Kingdom begin to carry out large-scale commerce use personal influence. At this time, advertisement one word convenience is popular for and is put into use broadly. But "advertisement" now , already not only finger one items of advertisement, point to the advertisement activity a train of. Conceptual motionless thing noun Advertise , quilt give modern significance to , conversion becomes "Advertising". The word once originates from the Chinese character advertisement Japan. "Webster is lexicographic ", checking the advertisement definition is: Advertisement is that the finger is growing doctrine or information by the fact that direct or indirect way strengthening the marketing commodity , spreading some , open-minded possessions tells that sex flexible form (Webster under the intention calling together for participating in various party and rally etc. Thesaurus 1977 printing plate). One kind of form being regarded as the information wielding a medium but being not that the verbal form is hereditary having teleonomy in modern times , advertisement, it aims at calling up people producing the acquaintance and favorable impression to the commodity need and to the enterprise producing or selling these commodities's , some grow (Webster dictionaries such as significance and view as well as expounding the service suing that provides some nonprofit species purpose 1988 printing plate). That "concise Great Britain encyclopaedias " (15 printing plate) check the advertisement definition is: Advertisement is to spread one kind of way of information , with a view to, whose promotes sales of commodity , labour service service , gets politics support , pushes close one kind of cause or arouses to advertise be what person hopes other report. Advertisement information passes the various instrument of propaganda , transfers to audience or audience wanted to attract by it. Advertisement is unlike the form transferring information other , it must be paid to the intermediary spreading with certain reward by advertiser. The sociologist , critic Ai your "the present age business expertise " being come out by modern press in 1994 expound like this to advertisement concept problem , finish reading some advertisement definition , no difficult to find that some so to speak be comparatively entire definition, some simple however pair of advertisement field judges. Being worth deliberating more is that some definition does not make an explanation understand advertisement what's all this about, word of making an explanation middle repetition has appeared "advertisement". Or advertisement should become polishing terms appearing, if advertisement speaks, advertising client , advertisement person , advertisement information, ... This is just like three ask about Li four: "What calls art "? Four reply Li: Work "creating or performing by artist, ,'' . People just is able to ask about: Without the definition explaining art, do not know what calls art, why artist appears on meeting? The Ai monarch thinks, before making advertisement definition clear , that the primo asks advertisement in taking a look at life to use personal influence is how to move round. (, the demand setting up an image , promoting the sale of products for purpose buy the he is understood and explained in order, organizing or particular (advertisement host) , the declaration, enrolls new students , job wanted waits for support (pay cost) to ascertain a medium) , pushes down set time , the request, activity spreading information's truly. From advertisement travel law , procedure,the Ai monarch defines in order advertisement goes down such one: Advertisement, be that organization or individual ascertaining that pays cost for certain purpose , support, medium being appointed as within the fixed time, according to the request , the reason, that true information propagation goes out one kind exchange is exercised. He thinks that this comes in secondary practice of definition, can reflect the advertisement nature attribute inevitably , also is able to make an explanation exchange some advertisement phenomenon except commercial advertisement. If "the lonely-hearts ad " ", government public notice ", "get together inform equal few of " the public good advertisement having nothing to do with economy. Before China , commercial advertisement return back to a peak not getting to jolt, already existence is burning the immense foam constitutive and is not reason behavior; With consumer's maturity , the industry norm, enterprise also meeting trend reason , natural meeting make fall after rise , start using the average model will become main current; At the same time, advertisement will appear all of a sudden and the trend is gradually mature, avoid challenge without end. Enterprise starts using the image spokesman , possibility has various purpose, age thinking that "subchord wind of effect " and speculation is in vogue especially. The author has been in the summary carrying out theory on the viewpoint that the image spokesman "sells according to accurate camp" , has discovered the modern marketplace image spokesman basic characteristic property, unique , distinct individuality advocates through advertisement way janitor brand, make a product manage to build some species connection with target consumption group , enter consumer's life and ken smoothly , reach with that intelligent deep communicate with, in and the person sets up some species impression and position at heart, using a brand becomes a meaningful with additional value magic figure code. He accepts the masses by the fact that the certain intermediary or carrier propagation appeals to a target , thereby, sets up and makes the brand image individuation in the brand if the marketplace saying is middle. His image having personality charm alone possibly by the fact that the brand founds person replaces a word, distinct brand individuality and confidence are used by the masses by target; The affinity advertisement replaces a word or by the fact that the movie and TV star , the society celebrity pole have , the purchase making brand product prompt to target consumption group exerts one's influence on sb; Or narrate by the fact that the fiction personage deduces a brand, idea and value take the janitor brand face, win a target accept numerous acception; Or by the fact that image of dyadic cartoon cartoon animal replaces a word, mold lively the brand image lovable , finding everything fresh and new, lets person produce fine association and impression in looking at one each other laughing at to the brand. His image is equal to enterprise image , reason why not completely on behalf of a word , his walking makes red being going to being able to be in favour not implying a product. The enterprise supervision and their composition appear pretty important right away. They also should have but the self-control responsibility mental consciousness , melt really to enter this corporate culture, real intention goes to deduce a product propagating idea, only meaning that can bulge cash publicizing
原文太长，我给你的是节选，你需要全文的话，文后我给你附上网址。 Abstract At present, with the rapid pace of economy’s development, advertising tends to be a main way to, so it is natural that international Ads translation becomes decisive for the products’ successful launching to the world market. Advertisements’ translation is a cross-cultural communication. Cultural differences determine that it would be far from easy for Ad to reach its function for the world market. The cultural connotation reflected in translation must win receptors’ acceptance. Just like the idiom says “when in Rome do as Romans do”. Advertising language should be kept in corresponding with cultural background of the target language, whenever this is done, it becomes possible for advertisements to exert its function to attract the receptors. Combining with translation practices this paper will analyze how the cultural differences influence Ad function in six aspects, including cultural habits, social political constitution, courteous principle, reasoning, aesthetic thought and language structure, Ad translation will not reach its function if such cultural differences are neglected, and how much importance should be attached to the cultural identity, which plays a positive role in Ad translation Key Words: Ad Translation, Cultural Differences,摘要: 广告语言作为一种特殊的实用文体,有其独有的特点,并蕴含一定的文化内涵。广告语言的翻译,是跨文化的交流活动,它不仅仅是将一种语言文字转换成另一种语言文字,而且使读者自然而然地认同广告的深层文化内涵,通过被吸引而产生广告的效应。 广告翻译必须注重目的语的文化背景,高质量的翻译不仅可以准确传达信息,还能引发读者的文化联想和审美想象,产生良好的广告效应,同时也宣传了本民族的文化,起到了对外交流的作用。为能灵活、有效和得体地表达出原语中的文化内涵以及广告信息,这就要求译者必须了解原语言和译语言的文化,确保信息准确传递。 本文结合广告翻译成功和失败的案例,从风俗习惯、社会政治制度、礼貌原则、推理模式、审美思想、语言结构六个方面文化差异对广告翻译的影响，忽视文化的差异，必将一定程度上影响广告信息的传递，产生误解，使广告翻译难以实现信息的等效交流，而进一步探讨应如何注重文化认同,分析其对广告功能、目的产生的影响。 关键词：广告翻译、文化差异Contents Introduction Chapter 1:Introduction of Cultural Differences Chapter 2: Misunderstandings Caused by Cultural Differences Different Cultural Habits Cause Misunderstanding Different Social Political Constitution May Hinder the Convey of Information Different Courteous Principle May Lead to Communication Failure Different Reasoning May Cause Misunderstanding Different Aesthetic Thought Result in Different Appreciation View Different Language Structure May Make Information Depart from the Original Meaning Chapter 3: Role of Cultural Identity Conclusion References Introduction Advertisement should express a certain expectation. It is a special pragmatic type of writing with a unique feature, and it also contains a certain cultural connotation. It should not as easy as a word-to-word exchange, but much of a flexible work. Cultural background of the target language is significant to Ad translation; much impotence should be attached. A good translated version will not only convey the information in accuracy, reaching a good advertising effect, but also stimulate receptor’s cultural and appreciating association, which will be of much help to the cultrural communication, thus it also is a impulse in cultural diffusion. Cultural differences as the main factor give much hindrance to the translation work. Misunderstandings will come about if it is ignored, the advertisement may consequently fail to meet its goal. How the cultural differences influence the advertisement’s function and target and how to make the cultural differences optimized when translating? What kind of role does culture identity play in this course? All these questions are the main discussions in this paper. Chapter 1 Cultural Differences As the product of culture, advertisement can show the close relationship between language and culture. Advertisement is a comprehensive art with commercial identity, which persuades people for a certain publicity goal. On some extent, it is a special pragmatic type of writing with unique feature, which contains a certain cultural connotation; only when put into the same or a similar social culture can its function and efficiency be completely explored. However, Ad translation is an across-cultural communication, which determines that it is not as easy as word-to-word exchange. It must win the receptor’s acceptance on the cultural connotation reflected in the Ads, then receptors are attracted and be willing to follow the Ad’s guide. Thus only by knowing the grammar, lexical and relating capabilities of listening, writing and speaking about the two languages is far from enough to ensure cultural connotation of the source language is properly and effectively expressed. The translator is required to know both cultures of the source language and target language to guarantee the best convey of the original information. For instance, “延年益寿”, “宫廷秘方”, “百年陈酿”,etc. These advertising language always turn up in domestic Ads, which are difficult to be translated, even though translated, target receptors would not understand the original cultural connotation, and a doubt to the quality of the product may arises in their minds. Different culture leads to different cultural identity. Domestic receptors are deeply influenced by the traditional culture. They like following the public, showing great awe to the authoritative people, this psychological phenomenon results in the existence of much advertising language with Chinese specialty, like “……,用了都说好”, “我们都喝……,今天你喝了没有”, “……时尚内衣”, “部优”, “省优”, “中国消费者协会推荐产品”, etc. While in western countries, people pursue independence. Everyone tends to be independent. Everyone is unique (why should I do the same as others? They always think in this way). So Advertisements there never advocate people to follow the public, rather to arise admiration to the so-called authoritative people. What reflects in the advertisement are “individuality”, “independence” and “privacy”. Different cultures determine that the product’s promotion will turn out failure if the Ad succeed inland is translated literally. Severe research must be done on the cultural differences, or a bad impression of irresponsible or muddling through might arise, a certain doubt about the quality might strike the consumer. Ad’s natural duty will end up with a failure. Thus, when conducting international propagation it is very important to study the differences between Chinese culture and western culture, and make sure not too much exaggeration is contained in the Ad. Cultural differences make their existence in many aspects, political, language, religion, custom, habits, etc. They have much importance to Ad translation. Once they were neglected, misunderstandings must turns up. Chapter 2 Misunderstandings Caused by Cultural Differences Advertising language is a special art form, which has profound cultural background and can be influenced by the tendency of the day. Ad translation is a motion of cultural communication. To avoid misunderstanding, comprehensibility of different cultural background should be strengthened in the translation. When translating, not only the exact meaning of the advertisement should be clear, but also the extended meaning namely the cultural connotation involved should be agreed on. Due to the differences in language, culture, politic, and custom, different understanding and cognition will form; the translation must go in line with the target cultural habits by which the communication shall reach an ideal effect. Mr. Wang zuoliang have said, “what translators deal with are some particular words, but what they face are two completely different cultures.” Another famous translation theorist Eugene A. Nida (1993) said, “Translating means communicating, what important is the extent to which receptors correctly understand and appreciate the translated text.” Different Cultural Habits Cause Misunderstanding Cultural differences and conflicts make their existence wherever and whenever, they influence people’s perspectives and their ways of generalization. Although people of different cultural backgrounds may have different tastes, their psychological inclination has much in common, that is to say, all human should pursue elegance and luck, but avoiding cynic and ominous, thereby translator should respect the cultural customs and be cautious in choosing words to avoid misunderstanding. For example, a pen product of Shanghai named “白翎”, the trade mark is translated as white feather. Unfortunately there is a saying in English, to show the white feather, which means escaping from the forefront. White feather is the symbol of cowardness in English. As a result, this pen got a bad selling in western countries. Another example, “金鸡鞋油，颜色有黑、棕、白、红、黄、蓝等.” It is translated into Golden Cock shoe-polish comes in black, brown, white, red, yellow and blue. In China, Golden has a meaning of valuable and of high quality, as well as “Cock” always leads to a positive association, then the translation of “金鸡” naturally comes to Golden Cock, which seriously mislead receptor’s association, because in English cock is a usual indication of male genital. Some words containing good cultural connotation in Chinese would mean the opposite in western world. Take Fang Fang a lip-stick as an example , “芳芳” in Chinese is a very nice word , usually it is used to describe beautiful things with flowerlike smell. It might make people imagine a pretty girl with fragrant smell. There is no doubt it is an excellent originality for Chinese consumers, but in English Fang Fang may arise a horror feeling because fang in English means poison fang that causing danger. Another instance Bees scented soap is literal translated from “蜜蜂”, Bee in China history is a very lovely insect as a symbol of diligence, its cultural association should be a flowerlike smell that appealing to bees, certainly this soap may attract a large number of Chinese consumers. On the contrary, westerners would not follow suit, the association of bee gives them an uncomfortable feeling caused by the thinking of fuzz on bee’s body. Different Social and Political Constitution May Hinder the Convey of Information Due to the differences on social politics, words reflecting social specialties may hinder people know little about the reality from understanding. For instance, “某公司自1981年成立以来,在改革开放,加快企业转换机制方针指引下,以强烈的竞争意识,勇于开拓,积极进取,出口额逐年上升与世界80多个国家和地区的120多家厂商建立了良好的业务关系。” “ABC Corporation has built up excellent business relations with more than 120 companies and manufacturers in over 80 countries and regions since it was founded in 1981. We make progress actively with a strong sense of competition. Our exports have been increasing year after year.” Compare the two versions, “在改革开放,加快企业转换机制方针指引下”was neglected, since it will be difficult for foreigners to know about Chinese enterprise’s historical and moral background of management mechanisms shifting, it is not necessary to add some information that should not be helpful to foreigners understanding. In some circumstances, the information about political or that cause difficulty to understanding can be omitted, this omission is reasonable and it makes no influence for the company promotion. Another example, a pencil sharpener with “大鹏” as its trade mark, and it is translated as “ROC hardeners”. Hardener is the biggest bird in Han’s national myth, having a positive meaning of ambitious and prosperous. While in westerners’ minds, “ROC” stands for “Republic of China”, certainly this will lead to a misunderstanding and unnecessary association, consequently this trademark will be neither helpful to create good impression of the products nor to defend national dignity. Different Courteous Principle May Lead to Communication Failure Courtesy is the common conducting norm followed by people when they get to communicate. A mild tone is publicly welcome. Improper wording or harsh tone might result in failure for communication. Here is an example, in china, public good Ads always get “禁止……”, public take this natural, no one think it is amiss, but as you weigh about its commanding tone, a slight domineering must be felt. “禁止” in English should be “Do not”, which is not mild but a word of harsh, . “Do not pick the flower!” “Do not make noise!”……, since such a stiff tone will unavoidably raise a sense of distance, it won’t help to create a happy and sweet public atmosphere, foreign friends might feel uncomfortable; they think their personalities are not fully respected. Changing into a much milder tone the translation should be “keep away from the flower!” “Take care of the flower, please!” which will certainly inspire people love flowers and take care of flowers. 怎样？满足你的要求吗？
我的论文题目是《广告用于中合作原则的遵守与违反》是英文论文，也不知道你需不需要，要的话给我发邮件，
英语广告中双关语的运用技巧及翻译摘 要：双关语是英语广告中一种较为常见的修辞手段。双关语的翻译本身就是一个难点，而广告中双关语的翻译则更加复杂。本文从语音双关、语义双关、语法双关和成语、俗语双关等几方面对双关语的运用技巧作了阐述。并在考虑双关语的双重含义及广告语体风格的基础上，从契合译法、分别表义法、套译法、侧重译法和补偿译法等方面对英语广告双关语的翻译作了初步的探讨。 关键词：广告语言；双关语；翻译 Punning and the Translation of Puns in English Advertisements MENG Lin & ZHAN Jing-hui (Foreign Languages Dept., Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China) Abstract: Punning is one of the most common rhetorical devices used in advertisement. This paper is about the techniques of punning and the translation of puns in English advertisements. There are various ways to form puns in advertisements. The translation of puns is difficult because of the double meanings, and the translation of puns in advertisements is even more difficult because one must keep both the double meanings of a pun and the style of the advertisement in mind. Key words: advertising language; pun; translation 1. 双关语在广告中的运用 作为一种修辞手段，双关语在广告中比较常用，它存在于语音、词汇、句法等各个语言层面。在广告中，广告制作者为了增加广告的吸引力，挖空心思地追求新的创意，使得双关语在广告中的运用技巧更加纷繁复杂。巧妙的双关能使语言含蓄、幽默、生动、给人以回味和想象的余地。较为常见的有以下几个方面。 . 谐音双关 “谐音双关是用拼写相似，发音相同或相近的词构成的” 1 。广告制作者非常乐于使用谐音双关，因为此类双关具有风趣、幽默、俏皮、滑稽的语言风格，能增强广告的说服力和感染力，从而给消费者留下深刻的印象。 (1) More sun and air for your son and heir. 2 译文：这里有充足的阳光，清新的空气，一切为了您的子孙后代。 在这则海滨浴场的宣传广告中，制作者巧妙地运用了sun-son, air-heir这两对谐音字，使广告语言不仅和谐悦耳，读来朗朗上口，而且颇风趣、幽默，具有感召力。 (2)Trust us. Over 5000 ears of experience. 3 译文：相信我们吧。历经5000多只耳朵的检验，有着5000多年的经验。 这是一则助听器推销广告。从字面看，它说明了该产品已经接受了众多消费者的考验，但字里行间巧妙地嵌入一对谐音字ears-years，充分暗示了该产品悠久的历史，久经考验的上乘质量。 许多广告都在商品品牌的名称上做文章。品牌名称中的双关语不仅能增加广告的趣味性和幽默感，更重要的是使品牌名称更能吸引人们的注意力，便于记忆，增加宣传攻势力度，以此达到宣传产品的目的。品牌名称中的双关语大多采用谐音的方法。 (3) WEAR-EVER introduces a new concept in glass oven ware: CLEANABILITY. 4 译文：“恒久”玻璃炉具带给你一个全新的概念：洁净。 这里生产商利用其商标WEAR-EVER一词多义的特点，大力推销其产品：一方面WEAR-EVER为其品牌名称，另一方面该词又另有含义：既为wear forever（体现产品结实耐用），又为wherever（说明到处受人欢迎）。该广告从多角度推销其产品，能够激起顾客的购买欲望，具有一定的劝说作用。
翻译方向的论文2010-09-15 20:31翻译是跨学科的，注定要采取多学科的视角研究翻译现象和翻译问题。一、选题范围1、翻译与文化：可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。宏观方面，一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论，可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的视角切入。阐述为什么有那样的译文？如严复的翻译，林纾的翻译，傅东华翻译《漂》时为什么使用归化的手段，鲁迅翻译的策略，翻译材料的选择等等。微观方面，可以讨论语言文字所承载的文化内容和内涵如何在翻译中表达，如文化负载词的翻译策略等。2、翻译与语言学理论：可以从篇章语言学，功能语言学（如喊韩礼德的系统功能理论等），对比语言学，心理语言学，交际语言学、文化语言学等方面考虑选题。如功能语言学和篇章语言学中讨论的衔接与连贯及其翻译，也可以讨论他们在英语和汉语中的差别入手，进一步讨论他们在翻译中的处理，主位、述位的推进极其在翻译中的体现。英语汉语对比及其翻译策略等等。3、翻译与语文学。主要从艺术的角度讨论文学翻译中的问题。4、应用翻译：主要从特殊用途英语如商务英语、科技英语、旅游英语等方面讨论在这些特殊领域中涉及的翻译问题如何处理。如旅游宣传资料的翻译等。5、译文对比：可以是同一篇文章、同一本书，不同的译者在同以时期或不同时期进行的翻译做的对比，也可以是同一个译者对同一篇文章或书在不同时期的翻译的对比；可以是翻译技巧等微观层面的对比，也可以是宏观曾面的对比，以探索为什么在不同时期译者回采取不同的策略，有哪些社会的、文化的、政治的、意识形态的原因？6、翻译及评论：首先选择一篇长文，一般是文学作品且没有人翻译过，进行翻译，翻译完后，从上述五个方面选择一个理论视角对自己的翻译进行评论。7、译者风格。8、翻译与美学。二、选题方法：上述各个方面均可写出几本甚至几十本专著，因此大家从上述方面可以选出一个写作的范围。缩小选题范围：首先是广泛浏览上述各有关方面翻译研究资料，以确定自己对哪方面感兴趣且有话可说，这是缩小范围的第一步。然后在自己感兴趣的范围内，浏览资料，做笔记，把有关资料的名称、作者、出版信息及重要观点和内容等资料记录下来，以便进一步缩小范围，形成初步的论文研究方向，然后在仔细浏览阅读这个研究方向资料，并作好相关笔记，为形成论文的观点打下基础，以确定初步的论文题目。三、选题资料来源：1、图书馆的藏书（有关翻译的图书在南区图书馆三楼、杂志包括现刊和过刊）。2、图书馆提供的电子数据库，如中国电子期刊全文数据库（CNKI），万方数据库。3、图书馆所藏的《全国报刊索引》上面记载了每年各个报刊杂志中主要的和重要的文章，这里主要指其中的语言文字类及英语类中的有关翻译的文章索引。该索引可以帮助我们了解在哪里可以找到所需的资料。4、常见杂志：《中国翻译》《中国科技翻译》《上海翻译》；《外国语》《外语教学与研究〈外语与外语教学〉〈外语教学〉〈外语研究〉〈解放军外国语学院学报〉〈外语学刊〉〈四川外语学院学报〉〈天津外国语学院学报〉〈山东外语教学〉，以及各综合性大学学报。2010-4-12 18:59 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝2楼1.关于幽默在翻译中的缺失2.关于广告、公示语的翻译3.关于儿童文学的翻译4.关于商品说明书的翻译文章来源：原文链接： 19:01 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝3楼1． 谈英语谚语的翻译 2． 谈英语幽默的翻译 3． 英语汉译技巧初探 4． 地方名胜古迹汉译英 5． 翻译中常见错误分析 6． 中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响 7． 会话含义的推导与翻译 8． 词汇的文化内涵与翻译 9． 语境在翻译中的作用 10．翻译技巧探索 11．商标词翻译 12．广告语言的翻译 13．论英汉互译中的语义等值问题 14．英汉文化差异对翻译的影响 15．英汉谚语的理解和翻译 16．浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译 17．中西文化差异与翻译障碍 18．英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译 19．英语意义否定表现法及其汉译 20．浅谈新闻标题的翻译2010-4-12 19:02 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝4楼一些用于翻译方向英语论文的参考文献本文分析了高校本科英语专业翻译方向课程体系的现状,指出现有课程体系存在的弊端,并提出了相应的调整对策。关键词:英 英语论文 摘要:专业课程体系能反映选择该附录1提供了三个方向的部分参考选题，考生可从中选择，也可根据自己的实际情况 并具有从事英语或商务英语翻译工作或实际工作的初步能力毕业论文应在老师指下由论文,英语,下载,毕业论文英语论文网首页>国内英语考试>英语论文题目>英语翻译论文题目 英语翻译方向论文题目论文作者：佚名论文属性：essay登出时间：2010-01-06编辑文档下载详细资料 更多附件5:外语系2004级翻译英语方向毕业论文选题方向参文档用文档搜索王!附件5:外语系2004级翻译英语方向毕业论文选题方向参考以下是些英语论文,你可以参考下:)~~ 英语毕业论文 英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~ 19:02 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝5楼功能对等的角度论英语习语翻译法律语言特征和法律语言翻译英汉模糊语言对比研究及其翻译翻译中的语境因素分析导游词翻译中的跨文化意识涉外商函的特点及其翻译2010-4-12 19:04 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝6楼The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation体育英语的特点及翻译 翻译The Semantic Contrast of Color Words between English and Chinese and their Translation中英颜色词的语义对比及翻译 翻译Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English汉语叠词及其英译 翻译Brand Translation商标翻译 翻译On Translating Methods of Numerals between Chinese and English中英数字的翻译方法 翻译Literal and Free Translation in the Translation of Advertisement Headlines and Slogans广告用语的直译和意译 翻译On the Translation of Chinese Trade Mark into English中文商标的英译 翻译Culture Differences and Translation文化差异和翻译 翻译Charactecistics and Translation of Adventisement广告英语的特征及其翻译 翻译Principles and Methods on Brand-Translation商标翻译的原则和方法 翻译The Study on Features of Advertising and its Translation 广告语的点及其翻译 翻译Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应 翻译A Study on the Translation of Movie Titles电影片名的翻译 翻译On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation动物俚语文化含义与翻译 翻译The Translation of Color Terms试论颜色词的翻译 翻译A comparative Study of the Old Man and the Sea---Concerning the Perfection in Literary Translation《老人与海》译文比较－谈影响文学翻译完美性的因素 翻译On the Translation of Advertisement ――From the Perspective Of Functionalist Theory从功能派理论角度看广告翻译 翻译Influence of Cultural Differences on Translation of Idioms文化差异与习语翻译 翻译Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译 翻译The Subject and Topic in Chinese-English Translation Shift汉译英中的主位与话题 翻译The Loss of Affective Meaning in Translation ―from the Perspective of Cultural Differences从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失 翻译2010-4-12 19:05 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝7楼On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese Translation Process论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在 翻译Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a Functional Perspective从功能翻译角度看归化与异化 翻译On Translation of Idioms论习语的翻译 翻译Translation of Chinese Receipts and the Differences of Cookery Culture between Chinese and English-speaking Countries中餐菜谱的英译及中西饮食文化差异 翻译On the Untranslatability due to Cultural Differences不可译现象在中英文化差异中的体现 翻译Extra-linguistic Context and Translation非语言语境与翻译 翻译Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语对比与翻译 翻译On Translation of Chinese and English Idioms from Cultural Perceptives从文化的角度谈英汉习语的翻译 翻译Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms And Translation中英文习语翻译中的文化差异比较 翻译Impact of Culture Differences on Brand Translation of Trademarks 文化差异对商标翻译的影响 翻译Cultural Context and The Translation of Metaphors文化语境和隐喻的翻译 翻译Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换 翻译Foreignizing and Domesticating strategies in Cross-cultural Translation 跨文化翻译中的异化与归化策略 翻译A Study of the Chinese-English Translation of Trademarks 浅谈商标的汉英翻译 翻译How To deal with culture-loaded words in idioms translation习语翻译中文化词的处理 翻译Cultural Connotation and Translation for Color Words颜色词的文化内涵与翻译 翻译The Translation of English Loanwords into Chinese英语外来词汉化的基本途径 翻译When in Rome do as the Romans do——On translation of Chinese trademarks into English入乡随俗——论中文商标的英译 翻译Cultural differences and Translation between Chinese and English Idioms汉英习语的文化差异与翻译 翻译Foreignization In Translation in the 21st in China21世纪中国的异化翻译 翻译The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in Translating论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化 翻译Basic Strategy for Advertisement Translation-Target-language Oriented Strategy广告翻译的基本策略－－以目的语言为取向的翻译策略 翻译2010-4-12 19:06 回复霸王霸玺329位粉丝8楼Lexical Rhetorical Devices in English-Chinese Translation英汉翻译中的词义修辞格 翻译The Criteria of the Translation of Computer English计算机英语的翻译标准 翻译Comprehension: A Very Important Part of Translation理解：翻译中不可或缺的一部分 翻译The Translation of the Brand Name商标名称的翻译 翻译Strategies for Translationg English Slang into Chinese英语俚语汉译的技巧 翻译Cultural Factors in the Translation of Poems诗歌翻译中的文化因素 翻译Cultural Differences and the Translation of Brand Names文化差异与商标翻译 翻译Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异和不可译性 翻译Cultural Differences and Vocabulary Translation文化差异及词汇翻译 翻译The Application of Fuzziness in the Translation翻译中的模糊语现象 翻译Translator as Artist -Translator's Individuality in Literary Translation译者作为一位艺术家--论文学翻译中的译者个性 翻译The Translation of Movie Titles电影名的翻译 翻译Translating the English Verbs into Chinese 英 语 动 词 的 汉 译 翻译Colour Words and the Translation颜色词及其翻译 翻译Domestication and Foreignizationin The Book of Songs诗经翻译的归化和异化 翻译Cultural Comparison and Idioms Translation文化对比与习语的翻译 翻译Social-cultural Context and the Translator’s Choice of Words ——A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre社会文化背景和译者的选词——对简爱两种译本的比较 翻译The Effect That Non-linguistic Context Has on Translation非语言语境在翻译中的作用 翻译Cultural Gaps between English and ChineseIdioms and Their Translation英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译 翻译Words Translation between Different Cultures不同文化中词汇的翻译 翻译On Cultural Differences and Idiom Translation文化差异与习语翻译 翻译On Translation of English Trademarks Into Chinese----On Beauty In Sense Sound And Form浅谈英文商标的汉译－－意美、音美、形美 翻译Some of the Ways to Idiom Translation 习语翻译法 翻译Paralanguage and Literature Translation -With Reflections on the Version of Dream of Red Mansions副语言与文学翻译－－对《红楼梦》译本的思考 翻译Methods of Translating Color Words Based on Cultural Differences between Chinese and English 翻译Culture-gap Words and the Translation文化空缺词及其翻译 翻译Understanding-the Key to Translation理解是翻译的关键 翻译A Brief Talk about Two Approaches to the Translation of Metaphor浅谈隐喻翻译的两种方法 翻译A Glimpse of English Film Title Translation英语电影名翻译一瞥 翻译Social-cultural Differences and the Translator’s Choice of Words社会文化差异与译者的选词 翻译The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Culture文化翻译中归化与异化的应用 翻译Cultural Differences and Untranslatability文化差异与不可译性 翻译The Context in Relation to Translation语境与翻译 翻译Female and Translation女性与翻译 翻译Effects of Difference between the Chinese and Western Cultures on Translation中西文化差异对于翻译的影响 翻译The Cultural Differences and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms英汉习语的文化差异与翻译 翻译Cultural Gaps and Translation Limitation文化差异与翻译局限 翻译The Approaches to Proverb Translation in Cultural Context从文化语境谈谚语翻译 翻译Allusion Translation in Song Poems宋词典故的翻译 翻译Blind Spots in English Proverbs Translation英谚汉译中的盲点的探讨 翻译Advertisement Translation广告翻译 翻译Differences Between Chinese Headline and English Headline aswell as Their Translation论中英文新闻标题的差异与翻译 翻译On the Mistranslation of Idioms习语的误译 翻译
我的论文也是写这个的。。不给，留着自己用
美可以天生,但气质却是后天的修炼! 简单说,我认为一个人的气质是指一个人内在涵养或修养的外在体现.气质是内在的不...自己在性格和外表方面,对别人具有更大的吸引力.那么,怎样才能修炼出良好的气质呢?懂得如何去发挥自己的优点及克服...
With the gradual consciousness development of environmental protection recently , we need more and more green agricultural products; As the sellers, green marketing plays a more and more important role. Hainan is the centre of tropical agricultural product in China, the significance is self-evident as a green marketing typical case. This paper try to learn the present situation of agricultural marketing through analyzing the Hainan agricultural industry chain . In other words , the traditional marketing is given priority to without enough brand awareness and green marketing consciousness. Expose problems when the enterprise has just set foot in the field of green marketing , such as logistics system obsolete, without propaganda objectives, slow channels update , etc. To solve these problems, the major policy-oriented layout is still the main discern divide between the needs in different regions, actively use local resources advantages to develop the packaging industry; Next,we should constantly perfecting the green logistics system, passed the green authentication. In the process of sale, it's important to actively analyze the market and has a correct orientation; In addition, it still needs to take the correct price strategy, channel strategy, achieve target customers, and green marketing shoud be applied to every link of the industrial chain .
"Snacketeria systematic design of a la carte and exploitation " abstract: The main body of a book set forth snacketeria la carte mainly systematically developing and designing method and technological process , develop platform reaches the sql sever for VC + + 2000 data bases. Snacketeria la carte and the management system exploitation major objective are that convenient experience person of snacketeria orders dishes to snacketeria's administration, and the convenient guest , realize a la carte intellectualized. Make a guest can act on self's own completely being completed in a la carte process. The originally systematic main function includes intelligence la carte system , nutrition matches the meal function , the function that the popular ranking list waits for a while today. Snacketeria management system is that one has the utility software very much , every important snacketeria is not able to act on self's own completely at present a la carte of intelligence system. A la carte being able to make a guest act on self's own completely, can greatly lifting la carte efficiency , being in motion and doing business reducing snacketeria moreover cost. But, the almost big very pragmatic characteristics function also is the competition being able to raise a software. Keywords: VC + +; C + +; SQL; A la carte.
I'm glad to help you with this abstract,my translations are as you need any further help,please do no hesitate to contact me and I'm looking forward to your acception of my translation,thank you!Recently,with the gradual improvement of people's green environment protection awareness,the need for green agricultural products is becoming more and more urgent；as a seller,green marketing is becoming more and more important. Hainan is the largest origion of tropical agricultural products in China, and as a typical example of green marketing,its importance is self evident. The essay try to realize the current condition of the agricultural products in Hainan through the analysis of the agricultural products industrial chain which is traditional marketing oriented without enough brand awareness and green marketing awareness. Many problems are exposed in the beginning when the enterprises set foot in the greenting marketing,such as the obsolescence of the logistics system, the blindness of the advertisement,the low speed of the channel update etc. In order to solve these problems,we should be in the guidance of the government opinion, firstly understand the demand difference of different districts thoroughly and take advantage of the local resource to improve their packaging industry ；then continually perfect the logistics system and pass the green certification. When marketing,the enterprises should try to analyse the market and locate their products and additionally adopt proper pricing policy, channel strategy and try to find the target clients to apply the green marketing into every section of the industrial chain.
Summary: aesthetic education is an important subject of contemporary education, for cultivating the all-round development of an extremely important role. Reading of language teaching is to teach the students a good way to implement one of aesthetic education. Because the primary school language teaching materials in the United States contains a number of factors: natural beauty, social and the United States, artistic beauty, with the United States attributes. They reflect the image of the United States, the United States of mood, the language of the United States, a reasonable form, a variety of structures, pairs of students have a strong attraction and teaching activities teachers can play to their aesthetic beauty and through education to make students to understand, to experience, to experience the beauty of the language to read text elements, so that students are subject to lofty ideals, sentiments, moral of mold, through which students in the United States. Language reading teaching in primary schools to implement the aesthetic aesthetic education should be combined with psychological characteristics of students, so as to more specific language in the elementary school reading teaching them aesthetic education for students and aesthetic quality of aesthetic ability to get a better development in .Key words: Aesthetic Education in Primary School Teaching Chinese Reading……很辛苦的，多给点分吧
选题的目的和意义范文模板：
1、当今世界，经济全球化已成为必然趋势。因此，国际化经营是现代产业经济发展的一个重要特点。21世纪是我国经济与世界经济融合的时代，国内的生产要素与市场要与国际市场接轨。
我国企业只有积极对外开发，利用国内过你两种资源，载世界范围内组织生产和经营活动，把国内的生产经营活动纳入世界经济分工体系才能求得生存和发展。这已成为我国企业界的共识。我国中小企业也将成为参与国际化经营的主体之一。
因此，对我国中小企业在国际化经营中所遇到的问题进行研究并分析出相应的对策十分有意义和必要。基于以上意义，我决定选择本题目通过对我国中小企业在国际化经营中所遇到的问题进行系统而深入的研究探索。
最终指出并回答国际化经营中我国中小企业所遇到的问题“是什么、为什么以及如何解决”给出相应对策，化解我国中小企业在国际化经营中的矛盾与尴尬，指引中小企业趋利避害，在激烈的国际竞争中健康发展。
2、随着高校的扩招，每年毕业的大学生人数越来越多，毕业学生的数据也越来越繁琐，这无疑给高校校友信息管理工作带来了一定的压力，因此，很多学校疏于对校友信息的更新与维护。这导致了一个现状，很多往届的毕业生在毕业后与母校之间的联系就逐渐减少。
使得校友与母校之间的信息沟通十分困难，同时校友与校友之间的沟通也十分困难，有时可能母校发生了重大事件或举办大型活动，而很多校友却毫不知情。而这些校友们能为学校的建设投入资金，给在校学生提供就业指导和就业机会，是学校和在校学生在校外庞大的潜在财富。
同时，也有很多对母校充满感情的校友希望能够及时无误地了解到母校的情况，能够与昔日同学随时随地地联系，互动。在这样的背景下，开发一个校友管理系统是非常有必要的。
我们管工学院刚刚成立不久，还没有完善的校友管理系统，因此本系统就是为了管工学院各专业的校友信息管理而设计的，目的是让为管工校友提供实用性的服务，让校友管理工作规范化，系统化，为校友与管工学院之间，校友与校友之间搭建良好的沟通平台。
选题的目的和意义万能模板如下。
一、选题的目的
让导师判断题目是否有研究价值，研究方法是否可行，这种论证的逻辑是否有明显缺陷。
二、选题的意义
1、尊敬的各位老师。
2、您们好。
3、我叫xx，xx级xx班，（学号是xxxxxxx)，我论文的题目是《xxxxxx》。这篇论文是在xx老师的指导下完成的。在这期间，xx老师对我的论文进行了详细的修改和指正，并给予我许多宝贵的建议。
4、在此，感谢xx老师的精心指导，同时也对各位评审能在百忙之中抽出时间，参与论文的审阅和答辩表示感谢。下面我就把论文的基本思路向各位答辩老师作出简要陈述。
5、选题缘由。
6、选择本课题作为我论文的写作题材的原因如下。
7、资料收集准备工作。
8、选定题目后，为了完成论文，我进行了资料的收集，拟定提纲，论文初稿、修改、定稿等一系列程序。在毕业论文的准备和写作过程中，我阅读了大量的相关文献。
9、论文的结构和内容。
10、本篇论文已经完成，总的来说，在写作的过程中，我学到了许多东西，也积累了不少经验，更进一步丰富了自己的知识。在论文中一些内容表述、论证上存在着不足之处。
11、一些问题还有待进行一步思考和探究，借此答辩机会，希望各位老师能够提出宝贵的意见，指出我的错误和不足之处，我会虚心接受，从而进一步深入学习，使论文得到完善和提高。
12、我的答辩自述完毕，感谢各位老师。
翻译学毕业论文参考文献模板
翻译学是研究翻译的规律和艺术的学科。其主要任务是：研究中外翻译的历史、理论、流派;探讨翻译的性质、作用、标准、原则和方法;描述实际的翻译过程，说明各类翻译的特点和不同要求;探索语言转换的'科学性和艺术性;确定翻译人员应具备的素养、才能和培养提高途径，预测翻译事业的发展方向等。下面是我整理的翻译学毕业论文参考文献模板，希望对大家有所帮助。
[1] 王天天. 从合作原则看汉英交替传译中的增补手段[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2009
[2] 许明. 口译认知过程中“deverbalization”的认知诠释[J]. 中国翻译. 2010(03)
[3] 李忠陈. 中英互译交替传译笔记难易分析及结构符号设计教学解决方法初探[D]. 上海外国语大学 2009
[4] 刁洪. 交替传译中停顿现象的减少策略[D]. 四川外语学院 2011
[5] 何爱香. 交替传译笔记[D]. 厦门大学 2006
[6] 侯海强. 交替传译笔记在不同阶段的规律及成因[D]. 对外经济贸易大学 2007
[7] 易引. 探索汉英交替传译中译语时间过长的原因[D]. 上海外国语大学 2012
[8] 孙晓芳. 《自传：那些只向朋友讲述的事》(2-4章)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[9] 郭婷婷. 《旧径漫行》(第十至十一章)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[10] 李素奎. 《驯马记》(第一章、第二章节选)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[11] 武微. 交替传译的特点与策略对译者要求探析[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2013
[12] 潘梦云. 房地产董事长年会致辞交替传译实践报告[D]. 河北师范大学 2013
[13] 熊玮. 交替传译的认知研究及其对口译训练的启示[D]. 武汉理工大学 2004
[14] 赵军峰. 论口译的翻译单位[J]. 中国科技翻译. 2005(02)
[15] 仲伟合. 口译训练：模式、内容、方法[J]. 中国翻译. 2001(02)
[16] 北京市翻译工作者协会编，吕国军主编.口译与口译教学研究[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社， 2005
[17] 李越然. 充分发挥口译的社会功能[J]. 中国翻译. 1987(02)
[18] Gile, the Deverbalization Approach in the Interpreting and Translation Classroom. Forum . 2003
[19] Gentile A,Ozolins U,Vasilakakos Interpreting: A Handbook. Journal of Women s Health . 1996
[20] Larson, Translation. . 1984
[21] Gentile, Interpreting or Not. The Critical Link:Interpreters in the Community . 1995
翻译学毕业论文参考文献模板
翻译学是研究翻译的规律和艺术的学科。其主要任务是：研究中外翻译的历史、理论、流派;探讨翻译的性质、作用、标准、原则和方法;描述实际的翻译过程，说明各类翻译的特点和不同要求;探索语言转换的'科学性和艺术性;确定翻译人员应具备的素养、才能和培养提高途径，预测翻译事业的发展方向等。下面是我整理的翻译学毕业论文参考文献模板，希望对大家有所帮助。
[1] 王天天. 从合作原则看汉英交替传译中的增补手段[D]. 广东外语外贸大学 2009
[2] 许明. 口译认知过程中“deverbalization”的认知诠释[J]. 中国翻译. 2010(03)
[3] 李忠陈. 中英互译交替传译笔记难易分析及结构符号设计教学解决方法初探[D]. 上海外国语大学 2009
[4] 刁洪. 交替传译中停顿现象的减少策略[D]. 四川外语学院 2011
[5] 何爱香. 交替传译笔记[D]. 厦门大学 2006
[6] 侯海强. 交替传译笔记在不同阶段的规律及成因[D]. 对外经济贸易大学 2007
[7] 易引. 探索汉英交替传译中译语时间过长的原因[D]. 上海外国语大学 2012
[8] 孙晓芳. 《自传：那些只向朋友讲述的事》(2-4章)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[9] 郭婷婷. 《旧径漫行》(第十至十一章)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[10] 李素奎. 《驯马记》(第一章、第二章节选)翻译报告[D]. 河南大学 2014
[11] 武微. 交替传译的特点与策略对译者要求探析[D]. 辽宁师范大学 2013
[12] 潘梦云. 房地产董事长年会致辞交替传译实践报告[D]. 河北师范大学 2013
[13] 熊玮. 交替传译的认知研究及其对口译训练的启示[D]. 武汉理工大学 2004
[14] 赵军峰. 论口译的翻译单位[J]. 中国科技翻译. 2005(02)
[15] 仲伟合. 口译训练：模式、内容、方法[J]. 中国翻译. 2001(02)
[16] 北京市翻译工作者协会编，吕国军主编.口译与口译教学研究[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社， 2005
[17] 李越然. 充分发挥口译的社会功能[J]. 中国翻译. 1987(02)
[18] Gile, the Deverbalization Approach in the Interpreting and Translation Classroom. Forum . 2003
[19] Gentile A,Ozolins U,Vasilakakos Interpreting: A Handbook. Journal of Women s Health . 1996
[20] Larson, Translation. . 1984
[21] Gentile, Interpreting or Not. The Critical Link:Interpreters in the Community . 1995
一份完整的实践报告应由以下部分组成： 1.报告题目 报告题目应该用简短、明确的文字写成，通过标题把实践活动的内容、特点概括出来。题目字数要适当，一般不宜超过20个字。如果有些细节必须放进标题，为避免冗长，可以设副标题，把细节放在副标题里。 2．学院及作者名称 学院名称和作者姓名应在题目下方注明，学院名称应用全称。 3．摘要（有英文摘要的中文在前，英文在后） 报告需配摘要，摘要应反映报告的主要内容，概括地阐述实践活动中得到的基本观点、实践方法、取得的成果和结论。摘要字数要适当，中文摘要一般以200字左右为宜，英文摘要一般至少要有100个实词。摘要包括： a)“摘要”字样； b)摘要正文； c)关键词； d)中图分类号。 4．正文 正文是实践报告的核心内容，是对实践活动的详细表述。这部分内容为作者所要论述的主要事实和观点，包括介绍实践活动的目的、相关背景、时间、地点、人员、调查手段组成，以及对实践活动中得到的结论的详细叙述。 要能够体现解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进的思想路线，有新观点、新思路；坚持理论联系实际，对实际工作有指导作用和借鉴作用，能提出建设性的意见和建议；报告内容观点鲜明，重点突出，结构合理，条理清晰，文字通畅、精炼。 字数一般控制在5000字以内。 5．结束语 结束语包含对整个实践活动进行归纳和综合而得到的收获和感悟，也可以包括实践过程中发现的问题，并提出相应的解决办法。 6．谢辞 谢辞通常以简短的文字对在实践过程与报告撰写过程中直接给予帮助的指导教师、答疑教师和其他人员表示谢意。 7．参考文献 参考文献是实践报告不可缺少的组成部分，它反映实践报告的取材来源、材料的广博程度和材料的可靠程度，也是作者对他人知识成果的承认和尊重。 8.附录 对于某些不宜放在正文中，但又具有参考价值的内容可以编入实践报告的附录中。 二、撰写实践报告的准备与主要步骤 实践报告的写作过程应包括以下步骤：收集资料、拟订报告提纲、起草、修改、定稿等。各个步骤具体做法如下： 1.收集资料 资料是撰写实践报告的基础。收集资料的途径主要有：通过实地调查、社会实践或实习等渠道获得；从校内外图书馆、资料室已有的资料中查找。 2.拟订报告提纲 拟订报告提纲是作者动笔行文前的必要准备。根据报告主题的需要拟订该文结构框架和体系。我们在起草报告提纲后，可请指导教师审阅修改。 3.起草 报告提纲确定后，可以动手撰写实践报告的初稿。在起草时应尽量做到“纲举目张、顺理成章、详略得当、井然有序”。 4.修改、定稿 报告初稿写之后，需要改正草稿中的缺点或错误，因此应反复推敲修改后，才能定稿。 三、实践报告的写作细则 1.书写 实践报告要用学校规定的稿纸单面书写（必须用黑或兰黑墨水）或用计算机打印，正文中的任何部分不得写到稿纸边框线以外。稿纸不得左右加贴补写正文和图表的纸条，或随意接长截短。用计算机排版、打印一律用A4打印纸。版式要求如下：标题（“小二”“华文中宋”或“黑体”“加粗”居中），学院及作者名称（“四号”“仿宋体”居中，学院名称与作者名称之间应空两格），目录（“二号”“黑体”居中）内容（“小四号”“宋体”），摘要（“四号”“黑体”“加粗”）：内容（“四号”“仿宋”），关键词（“四号”“黑体”“加粗”），正文内容（“四号”“宋体”）。实践报告中汉字必须使用国家正式公布过的规范字。 2．标点符号 实践报告中的标点符号应准确使用。 3.名词、名称 科学技术名词术语采用全国自然科学名词审定委员会公布的规范词或国家标准、部标准中规定的名称，尚未统一规定或叫法有争议的名词术语，可采用惯用的名称。使用外文缩写代替某一名词术语时，首次出现时应在括号内注明全称。外国人名一般采用英文原名，按名前姓后的原则书写。一般很熟知的外国人名（如牛顿、爱因斯坦、达尔文、马克思等）应按通常标准译法写译名。 4.量和单位 实践报告中的量和单位必须符合用中华人民共和国的国家标准GB3100～GB3102-93，它是以国际单位制（SI）为基础的。非物理量的单位，如件、台、人、元等，可用汉字与符号构成组合形式的单位，例如件/台、元/km。 5.数字 实践报告中的测量、统计数据一律用阿拉伯数字；在叙述中，一般不宜用阿拉伯数字。 6.标题层次 实践报告的全部标题层次应统一、有条不紊，整齐清晰，相同的层次应采用统一的表示体例，正文中各级标题下的内容应同各自的标题对应，不应有与标题无关的内容。 章节编号方法应采用分级阿拉伯数字编号方法，第一级为“1”、“2”、“3”等，第二级为“”、“”、“”等，第三级为“”、“”、“”等，但分级阿拉伯数字的编号一般不超过四级，两级之间用下角圆点隔开，每一级的末尾不加标点。 7.注释 实践报告中有个别名词或情况需要解释时可加注说明，注释可用页末注（将注文放在加注页的下端），而不可用行中插注（夹在正文中的注）。注释只限于写在注释符号出现的同页，不得隔页。 8.公式 公式应居中书写，公式的编号用圆括号括起放在公式右边行末，公式与编号之间不加虚线。引用文献标注应在引用处正文右上角用〔〕和参考文献编号表明，字体用五号字。 9.表格 每个表格应有自己的表序和表题，表序和表题应写在表格上方居中排放，表序后空一格书写表题。表格允许下页续写，续写时表题可省略，但表头应重复写，并在右上方写“续表××”。 10.插图 文中的插图必须精心制作，线条要匀称，图面要整洁美观；插图6幅以内，用计算机绘制；若为照片，应提供清晰的黑白照片，比例一般以1：1为宜。插图一律插入正文的相应位置，并著名图号、图题每幅插图应有图序和图题，图序和图题应放在图位下方居中处，图序和图题一般用五号字。 11.参考文献 [Page] 参考文献一律放在文后，参考文献的书写格式要按国家标准GB7714-87规定。参考文献按文中引用的先后，从小到大排序，一般序码宜用方括号括起，不用圆括号括起，且在文中引用处用右上角标注明，要求各项内容齐全。文献作者不超过3位时，全部列出；超过3位只列前三位，后面加“等”字或“etal”.中国人和外国人名一律采用姓名前后著录法。外国人的名字部分用缩写，并省略“.”。
日语翻译毕业论文范文一、论文说明本团队专注于毕业论文写作与辅导服务，擅长案例分析、编程仿真、图表绘制、理论分析等，论文写作300起，具体价格信息联系二、论文参考题目《我是猫》中的日语被动式表达与翻译思路：在日语学习中，日语被动句一直是一个难点。迄今为止，国内众多的日语学者和专家，从日语研究和学习的角度出发，多次发表了系统探讨和分析日语被动句的论述文章，为母语是汉语的日语学习者更好的掌握日语被动句起到了很好的借鉴作用。而翻译作为交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁，是用语言再创作的艺术，涉及两种或以上截然不同的语言、文字，通过对。第 1 页题目：日语连体修饰汉译问题思路：本论文是关于日语连体修饰节和被修饰名词(在本文中将其表示为“V连+N”的形式)与其翻译后形成的中文译文在句子结构上的对比研究。在日常学习中,人们一般容易认为日语中的“V连+N”和中文的“定语+体词性中心语”之间应该存在着强烈的对应关系,事实上日语的“V连+N”与其翻译后形成的中文句子在结构上不对应的句子为数不少。这些复。题目：日语长句的汉译技巧展开全文App内免费读全文前往文库APP签到领畅读卡，免费读日语翻译毕业论文...全文限免导长图转存到网盘发送至微信下载文档版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益专属归内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领第 2 页为您精选日语