初中英语的学习主要以课本为媒介进行，考试检测的内容也主要来源于课本。那么，课本中有些内容值得我们去学习了解?以下是初一英语上册课本内容知识点整理，供大家学习参考。
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)问候语：
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道别用语：
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介绍人或者物的句型：This is...
(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
(5)词组be from = come from
(6)当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it;问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用英语)
help sb. do sth.
(9)both与all的区别：
both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak与say不同：speak表示"说"的动作，不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。
speak后面除了能接"语言"外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示"对......说"。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的区别：
口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：
Don't go there!
(5)问职业：
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
(6)work与job的区别：
work是未必有报酬的"工作"，例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。
(7)on指在物体的`表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
(9)表示"建议"的句型："做某事如何?"
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
(11)try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。
(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。
(13)how many与how much的区别：
how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词
(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词，不能单独使用。)
(15)one与it的区别：
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：
Ann ：I have a yellow bag.
Jane ：I have a green one.
Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike ： Look, it's over there.
(16)倒装句
Here you are.
Here it is.
(17)be free (有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
(18)go + 结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素，强调客观因素，"不得不去做某事")
must 则表示主观愿望
(20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
(21)句型"该干某事了。"：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如：该吃午饭了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
(22)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用"分钟"past"小时"。例如：
8：23--twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如：
8：49--eleven to nine
当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：
8：23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加"-o'clock"，例如：8：00--eight o'clock
在钟点前介词要用at。
初一英语上册动词知识点
1、动词的种类(四类)
系动词如be(is am are);情态动词如can 、may、need;助动词( do does);行为动词如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等
2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)
如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)
3、动词的时态(一般现在时)
( 1)含有系动词的
I’m a Chinese boy.
She is twelve.
He is Tim’s brother.
Her mother is an English teacher.
含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”，上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为
Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称)
Is she twelve ?
Is he Tim’s brother ?
Is her mother an English teacher ?
含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”，前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为
I’m not a Chinese boy.
She isn’t twelve.
He is not Tim’s btother.
Her mother isn’t an English teacher.
(2)含有情态动词的句子( can ),
She can play basketball.
His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.
含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”，上面两句变一般疑问句分别为
Can she play basketball ?
Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?
含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为
She can not play basketball.
His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs.
(3)含有行为动词的句子
We have many friends.
They watch TV at 7 in the evening.
The students take their books to school.
I have lunch at school.
You have a sister.
1含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为
Do you have many friends ?
Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?
Do the students take their books to school ?
Do you have lunch at school ?
Do you have a sister ?
2含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t.上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为
We don’t have many friends.
They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening.
The students don’t take their books to school.
I don’t have lunch at school.
You don’t have a sister.
3含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s (或es)如：
She has a red pen.
He has eggs for breakfast.
Her mother buys a skirt for her.
She likes thrillers.
My brother watches TV every evening.
He wants to go to a movie.
含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为：
Does she have a red pen ?
Does he have eggs for breakfast ?
Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?
Does she like thrillers ?
Does your brother watch TV every evening ?
Does he want to go to a movie ?
含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在行为动词前面加does’nt ,同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为：
She doesn’t have a red pen.
He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast.
Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her.
She doesn’t like thrillers.
My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening.
He doesn’t want to go to a movie.
初中英语阶段主要学习哪些主要内容 基本语法 积累简单词汇 训练简单口语 能够听懂简单英语，理解英语短文，会写简单英语语句作文 初中英语语法主要内容有哪些 1、名词1可数名词及其单复数； 2不可数名词 3专有名词 4名词所有格2、代词 1人称代词 2物主代词 3反身代词 4指示代词 5不定代词 6疑问代词 3、数词 1基数词 2序数词 4、介词和介词短语 5、连词 6、形容词 1形容词的基本用法 2形容词的比较级和最高级 7、副词 1副词的基本用法 2副词的比较级和最高级 8、冠词 9、动词 1动词的基本形式 2系动词 3及物动词和不及物动词 4助动词 5情态动词 10、时态 1一般现在时 2一般过去时 3一般将来时 4现在进行时 5现在完成时 6过去进行时 7过去完成时 11、被动语态 12、动词不定式 13、构词法 1合成法 2派生法 3转化法 4缩写和简写 14、句子的种类 1陈述句（肯定式和否定式） 2疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句） 3祈使句 4感叹句 15、句子成分 1主语 2谓语 3表语 4宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） 5补语 6定语 7状语 16、简单句基本句型 1主语+系动词+表语 2主语+不及物动词 3主语+及物动词+宾语 4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 6there be句型 17、并列复合句 18、主从复合句 1宾语从句 2状语从句 3定语从句 19、直接引语与间接引语 初中英语学习重点是什么啊 学英语，首要的方法就是多读、多做、多背、多积累。或许有同学会说，这算什么方法呀？然而目前许多同学英语学不好，恰恰就在于抛弃了这一最基本的方法。 首先是多读，在许多题型里，如填空，通常语感是十分重要的。而提升语感的最佳途径就是多读，而且一定要大声来朗读，从听觉视觉两方面同时来 *** 大脑，效果非常好。 其次是多做，即所谓题感的培养，只读不做是不行的。当你把题做到一定量时，自然地就能把握住出题者的意图，考试时就会得心应手。 三是多背，即多背文章和多背单词。背诵经典的文章，不仅可以帮你提升语感，做好客观题，还可以使你轻松应对作文，而且在背文章的过程中还能巩固单词，一举三得，何乐而不为呢？单词是学好英语的基础，单纯背生词不仅非常辛苦，也不容易了解单词在具体语境中的使用，而且每个单词往往会有很多译项，这些译项有时还有比较大的差异。一味单纯记忆不仅容易混淆，而且准确度也不高。将单词放在具体的语境下记忆，这样就可以提高记忆的速度和记忆的准确率，并知道如何使用。 最后是多积累，英语学习是慢功，注意平时多多积累，尽量做到每日必读，每日必写。这样积累学习的效果，比用几天或者一段时间集中学习效果要好。在每天的学习过程中，都会遇到很多以前不知道的短语、单词的用法或者是意思。这些内容同学们都要记到笔记本上，并要不断地复习巩固。一个知识点记到笔记本上后，往往要回顾四到五遍才能够记住，有的时候甚至还要多复习几遍才能够记牢。 除了正常地上英语课外，同学们每天可以用一些零散的时间来学习英语。如午休前或者是晚上睡觉前，或随身带一个小英语笔记本，没事的时候掏出来看一看。日积月累，同学们就会感觉到：没有化太多时间，就可以轻轻松松地背了不少英语单词。 抓住一书攻语法 学习英语有两大基石：一是词汇，一是语法。要学好词汇，当然离不开词典之类的工具书。而要学好语法，则应该抓住一本工具书不放。这一工具书，就应该是一本比较权威的语法书，而且要配有练习册。选定语法书后，在日常学习时，应该怎么用呢？建议如下： 第一，通读。利用假期，通读一本简明的英语语法书，即使是略读一遍，也是极有帮助的。因为中学里所学的语法知识分散在六年里，“平时只见数，没有见到零”，难以在头脑中形成完整的体系。等把语法书通读后，我们平时所学的零散知识就能够系统化。这对我们深刻地理解英语语言的整个语法体系起到了升华的作用。 第二，做题。依照所配练习册，从头到尾，一道不少地做一遍练习题，这样往往能查出自己在语法方面的薄弱环节。做题时，如果碰上困难，最好不要急着查看后面的参考答案，因为轻而易举得到的答案，也会轻而易举地忘记。 第三，备查。将语法书随身携带，如同查字典一样时常查阅。比如碰到某个长句子看不懂，即可以查看语法书中的有关章节，分析判断，这就要求对语法书的内容、目录能够了然于心，一翻即得。 字典和语法书都是学习英语的工具书，它们可以帮助我们排疑解难，是我们不说话的老师，两者缺一不可。 最后一定要记住:课前预习，课后及时复习,非常重要! 人教版 初中英语教学大纲具体有什么内容 《初中英语教学大纲》即《初中英语教学课程标准》 1、初中英语教学课常标准主要指定老师的教学任务，和学生的学习任务，指定你这三年中所要学习的目标。《标准》一般老师都会了解并研究，起教学指导作用。 2、《标准》前言中提到，《标准》编写是为了“为指导全国义务教育全日制初级中学的英语教学”。如果需要看到具体内容，可以点击下面的文库链接。 链接： 初中英语语法重要的有哪些 楼主，您好一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明......>> 初中英语课堂活动有哪些 1。抢读字母 这是一个训练学生认读字母的游戏，教师将全班分成若干小组，然后逐个出示字母卡片，学生们举手抢答，教师让最先举手的学生读出该字母，读对的给该组记10分，最后得分最多的组为优胜。 2。抢答字母组 将全班分成两个小组，并把两套字母卡片分别发给各组学生。游戏开始，教师用中文说："乐谱的七个调"，"美国"，"圆心和半径"，"中华人民共和国"，持有这些字母卡片的学生应立即站起来并举起字母"ABCDEFG，"USA"，o，r"，"PRC"等，答得既快又准的组获胜。 3。看谁快 这是一个训练学生听字母的英语游戏，将全班分成两组，一组学生持大写字母，另一组学生持小写字母，教师快速念字母，要求持有该字母的学生迅速站起来，最先站起来的人得两分，后站起来的得一分，没站出来的得零分，得分多的组获胜。 4。听音辨字母 这是一个训练学生辨别字母的游戏。教师可将读音易混的字母分别写在板上，如GJOW，等，共准备2～4套，同时将学生分成2～4个小组，每组抽一名学生到前面向全班站好，教师发给每人一套卡片(2～4张为宜)，游戏开始，教师念其中的一个字母，学生应立即找出并高举起该字母，先找对的得2分，后找对的得1分，没找对的不得分，最后得分多的组为优胜。 5。听音摘字母比赛 这是一个训练学生听认字母能力的游戏，教师先把所学过的大小写字母写在卡片上，按大小写把卡片分成两组贴在黑板上，然后把学生分成两组。游戏开始，每组的第一名学生上黑板前等候，教师说出一个字母，这两名学生就立即摘下教师所念的字母，放到讲台上，一人摘大写字母，另一人摘小写字母，摘得对而快的得2分，对而慢的得1分，不对的不得分，在教师念第一个字母时，各组的第二名学生应上前等候，在第一名学生摘完字母后，教师立即说另一个字母，游戏接着进行，最后得分多的组为优胜。 6。图形中找字母 教师在黑板上画一些图形，让学生找出其中所含的字母，例如： CDIO bdpq CIDO EFHIL 7。宾狗(Bingo) 这是一个训练学生听写认读字母能力的游戏，每个学生准备一张纸，并在上面画一个井字，将纸分成九格，然后教师随便念九个学过的字母，学生边听边将字母填在格子中，随便填在哪个格里都行。学生填好后，教师再打乱顺序逐个念这九个字母，学生边听边在听到的字母上画圈，当画的圈在横行、竖行或对角线上成一条直线时，学生便可以边喊"宾狗(Bingo)"边将纸举起让教师检查，最先喊"宾狗"并写得准确的获胜。这个游戏还可以用于音标，单词或数词等。 8。传递字母 每一纵排为一组，全班分成若干组，教师分别发给每一组最后一排的学生一张纸，上面写一个字母或字母组(如：KG-PV)，在教师说"开始"后，最后一排的学生即用耳语把卡片上的内容告诉前面的学生，这位学生再把听到的内容告诉前面的学生…这样依次进行下去，最后第一排的学生把所传的字母或字母组写到黑板上，传得最快，最准确的组获胜。 9。跟我走 这是一个训练学生按字母表顺序记忆字母的游戏。开始前，先把字母卡片发给学生。然后说出一个字母(如：M)，持有该字母卡片的学生站出来并说：I am M Follow me ,please.持有字母N的学生应立刻站在持M卡片学生的后面，并说：I am me. please，依次类推，对的给10分，错的不给分，这个游戏也可以倒著排次序，也可说 I ......>> 初中英语可以开展哪些活动 英语角啊,社团活动都可以的.单词过关大比拼,阅读技能比赛。 语言是人类生活的交际工具，生动活泼、千变万化的语言丰富了人类的生活。语言绝非语音、词汇、语法三要素的机械组合。因此，我们除了平素抓好课堂教学之外，还应开展一些丰富多彩的英语课外活动。这种活动，不仅能帮助学生加深巩固理解课堂所学知识，而且能开阔学生视野，为他们提供一个生动活泼、形式多样的语言环境，进而享受学习英语的乐趣，达到学以致用的目的，下面就结合教学实践，谈几点看法。 一、统筹兼顾，巧妙安排 英语课外活动是课堂教学的辅助形式，和课堂教学实际联系密切，但又不是课堂教学的简单重复。不然课外活动便失去了意义。因此，我们在安排英语课外活动时，必须考虑学生的年龄特点和英语认知水准，选用切实可行的方法与形式，有组织、有计划、有目的地开展各类英语课外活动。 如何开展好英语课外活动？我们的做法是：学期初在制订个人教学计划的同时，有目的地制订出英语课外活动计划。英语课外活动计划一般包括两个方面：一是较大规模的课外活动计划。这类计划的制订，要以调动全体同学的活动积极性为前提，活动内容不能过难，而要易于不同程度的同学接受，而且活动项目要少而精。 一是要制定出活动具体举办时间、地点及参加人数，并在开学初有意识地向全体同学公布，以便让他们思想上早有准备。二是制订英语课外小组的活动计划。英语课外小组的建立，一般是挑选各班英语成绩好的学生参加，而且小组成员不固定，每个学期都可以根据学生的期中、期末考试成绩临时变动。这样做不仅能使参加者产生危机感，还能调动其他同学的学习积极性，增强竞争意识。英语课外小组的活动时间基本上每周一次，每次一节课左右时间。活动内容除必要的课外辅导，还可穿插一些层次较高的英语游戏、比赛、智力测验等，藉以丰富课外小组活动内容。 每次开展课外活动，教师都必须事先做好充分准备。要备齐活动所需的材料，制定出比赛规则、评分标准及奖励办法等。同时还应设想到活动中可能出现的问题及解决办法。 二、形式各异，寓教于乐 英语课外活动形式多样，如何选用那些适合于学生年龄特点和知识水平，生动活泼，简单明了，能寓教于乐的活动形式？各校校情不同，做法也不一样，但往往大同小异。譬如，英语朗读比赛，我们以所学课文为内容，要求学生按一定的语音规则朗读，人数不限，可自愿报名，可以组织学生评委进行评分。这种活动，对培养和提高学生的语音能力大有益处。再如英语书法比赛，对初中低年级学生来说尤为重要。活动时，先以班级为单位，人人参加，从中筛选出较好的同学参加年级比赛。比赛时，务必统一书写内容，书写格式及其他要求。参赛者在规定时间内完成比赛，还有英文小报制作比赛。可以要求学生人人参加，比赛前必须向学生们宣布制作要求，包括纸张的大小及内容、版面设计及交稿时间和评分标准。开展这种活动既可巩固学生课堂所学知识，又可增长学生的见闻，深化学生对所学语言国家的理解。此外，还可以开展英语游园会、英语故事会等活动。这些活动既可调动大多数学生的参与积极性，又无需花教师过多时间准备，而且能达到寓教于乐的效果。开展英语课外活动，还必须与课堂教学内容有机地结合起来。比如，在我们教过学生们身体各部位英语名称之后，便有目的地指导学生做游戏。这样可以让学生自然而然地掌握这些单词。在学了There be句型后，可以开展实物记忆游戏。学了祈使句型之后，可以让学生分两组轮流发布命令，互相指定对方一个学生执行。总复习时，可以借助于游戏形式复习一些反义词、近义词、同音词等。 三、及时总结，巩固成果 每次课外活动结束之后，各个班级要及时做好比赛成绩评定工作，再......>> 初中英语比较侧重哪些方面 初中学习英语，最重要除了记单词以外，还有就是每学的一篇文章最好都要背下来，背下来是为了锻炼自己的口语，另外也有助于自己将来和别人会话。另外，请老师帮你把每一篇文章重点句型勾下来，或者你自己能找出来最好，勾下来后注重记，并且要限定自己默写。关键是为了记得它其中所包含的短语和它句子的结构，以一不变应万变。尤其是固定短语和一些交际对话，很重要~~ 再就是多做阅读理解和完型填空了，这样的目的是为了培养感觉。多读多练都是为了培养语感，自然你就不用特别捆饶与枯燥乏味的语法中了。听力的话，老师要求练习的时候一定不能错过，并且要严格要求自己去认真听。
答：Singapore may be small, but packs in quite a punch. Only about 655 square kilometers in area, it is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, with about 6430 people per square kilometer. Although it is one of the 20 smallest countries in the world, its economy is a world leader, and has the world's busiest port in terms of tonnage handled. Today the financial and technological hub of South East Asia, Singapore was once a sleepy Malay fishing village, which came into its own as a British trading colony in the 1800's. The population is a mix of Malays, Chinese and Indians with a smattering of other ethnic nationalities. There are four official languages in Singapore - Mandarin, Tamil, Malay and English. The Chinese ethnic population is originally from South-east China from the provinces of Fukian and Guangdong. Immigrants from the Malaysian peninsula, Sumatra, Java and other islands of the Malay Archipelago have thronged the state. About two-thirds of the Indians are Tamil, with a smattering of Malayalis, Punjabis and Gujratis. Singapore consists of one main island, and 58 smaller ones. The terrain is flat lowland, the highest point being Bukit Tima Hills, standing at 164 meters. Its climate is hot (ranging between 22 and 30 degrees centigrade) and muggy (humidity remains at 75%). The rainy season is from November to January, although being near the equator, intermittent rains occur throughout the year. Although about 50% of the land is occupied by vertical urban settlements in modern skyscrapers, Singapore has a thriving agricultural economy specializing in rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables, poultry, eggs and fish. It is the world's largest exporter of ornamental fish. It has thriving industries of electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing, food processing, ship repair and other industries, with the economy heavily dependant on its electronics and manufacturing exports. With typical Singapore control and determination, the government has made up for its lack of natural flora and fauna by building gardens and zoos, waterfalls and underwater parks. Singapore has one of the best zoos in the world, and has the world's highest man made waterfall in Jurong Park, standing at 30 meters. The Bird sanctuary in Jurong even has simulated tropical thunderstorms。 希望采纳！谢谢。。
Bertrand Russell Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love ,the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy -- ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it , next, because it relieves loneliness-- that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world , into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what -- at last -- I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much I have achieved. Love and knowlidge , so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of lonelines, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 我为什么活着 罗素 三股简单而非凡强烈的激情一直控制着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的怜悯。这三股激情，象阵阵巨风，把我在痛苦的海洋的路途中吹得任意东西，变动无常，直吹到了绝望的边缘。 我寻求爱，首先是因为它带来了欣喜若狂之情——欣喜若狂使人如此心醉神迷，我常常愿意牺牲我的全部余生来换取几小时这样的欢乐。我寻求爱，其次是因为它能解除寂寞——那种可怕的寂寞，如同一个人毛发悚然地从这世界的边缘探望令人战栗的死气沉沉的无底深渊。我寻求爱，最后是因为在爱的结合中我看到了圣徒们和诗人们所想象的预言中的天堂景象的神秘雏型。这就是我所寻求的东西，虽然它也许似乎是人生所难以得到的美好事物，但这就是——最后——我终于找到的东西。 我怀着同样的激情寻求知识。我希望理解人们的心。我希望知道星星为什么发光。我力图领悟毕达哥拉斯的才能，他的才能使数字支配着不断变动的事物。在这方面，我只达到了一小部分，并不很多。 爱和知识，尽其可能，远远地把人引向九天之上。倡怜悯总是把我带回到地面上来。痛苦的呼号的回声在我心里回荡。受饥挨饿的儿童，在压迫者折磨下受苦受难的人们，无依无靠而成为自己子女嫌恶的负担的老人，以及整个孤苦寂寞的世界，穷困与痛苦都在嘲弄着人生，使人们不能过应有的美好生活。我渴望减轻灾难祸害，但是我力不从心，我自己也在受苦。 这就是我的一生。我觉得我的一生过得很值得。如果我还有机会的话，我将乐意再度过这样的一生。这篇文章 是标准的英语专业四级作文范文，英语专业必备，所有的精美英文收集书中都有这一篇。 英语专业八级 ，希望能够帮到你。
The minor story of EnglishOnce upon a tine, there lived a rich man. He had a servant. He and the servant loved wine and good food very much. Each tine the rich man left his home; the servant would drink the wine and eat up all the nice food in the house. The rich man knew what his servant did, but he had never caught his servant doing morning, when he left home, he said to the servant, “Here are tow bottles of poison and some nice food in the house. You must take care of them.” With these words, he went the servant knew what the rich man had said was untrue. After the rich man was away from his home, he enjoyed a nice meal. Because he drank too much, he was drunk and fell to the ground. When the rich man came back, he couldn’t find his food and his wine. He became very angry. He woke the servant up. But the servant told his story very well. He said a cat had eaten up everything. He was afraid to be punished, so he drank the poison to kill himself. 从前有一个时候，有一个富人。他有一个仆人。他和仆人爱酒水和良好的食物非常多。每当有钱人离开家；仆人就喝葡萄酒，吃的所有食物中的好房子。有钱的人知道仆人做了什么，但是他从来没有被他的仆人这样做。 一天早上，当他离开家时，他对仆人说，“这里有两瓶毒药和一些不错的食物在家。你必须好好照看它们。”说完这些话，他出去了。 仆人知道富人说是不真实的。在富人离开家后，他有一个很好的餐。因为他喝得太多了，他喝醉了，倒在地上。富人回来后，找不到他的食物和酒。他变得很生气。他醒来的仆人了。仆人告诉他的故事非常好。他说，猫吃了一切。他害怕受到惩罚，所以他喝毒药自杀
1．Learning：A Lifelong Career【学习：一生的事业】As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2．heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了，虽然说学生的确应当念书，但是要想长大成为健全的人，他门还需要一些其它的东西，所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的，是在浪费时间，它可以让学生锻炼身体，发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外，繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张，这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业，但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3．Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I’ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返，这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡，以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为；该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时，这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4．Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don't spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day's pressure. On weekends, I'll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week's work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突，事实上，它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说：「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐，会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活，将使你一事无成，因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说，适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道，来渲泄你被压抑的情绪，减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后，我最常做的休闲活动，便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动，但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈，无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时，我都去看早场电影，享受视觉飨宴。如此一来，我将有如再生般的充沛活力，去面对下一星期的工作量。 5．My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业，考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事，倒不如找份差事，尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时，一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重，所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了！ 6．My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动，特别是桌球，桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言，是一项理想的运动，因为它可以使我们全身运动，它可以增强我们的肌肉，扩张我们的肺部，促进血液循环，并且使肌肤产生健康作用，此外，它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的，它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动，甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此，桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。7.经过一周的相处，我发现您是一个可爱而风趣的女士。上您的课时我总感觉时间飞逝。不过我还是不太习惯。不同于我们初中的学习方式的是，您总是在课堂上说口语。有时，我会发现您说的很难理解由于很快的语速、很多的生词。这使我感觉听课会很困难。对此我有一些建议。我希望您可以在最初的这段时间内，对您所用的生词多作解释。这将对我有很大帮助。谢谢。希望我们能成为好朋友。我相信，以后听您的课时我们将十分自信与快乐。I found that you are a lovely and humourous lady after getting along with you for a week. Time flies when I am in your class. However I am not used to your way of teaching. you always speak English in the class, which is different from the way in middle school. Sometimes I found it's difficult to follow you because your fast speed of speach and many new words. Therefore, I have some suggestions. I hope you could explain more about the new words you often use during this period of time. I think it will be a great help for me. hope that we can be good friends. I believe that we will be more self-confident and happier in your Story About Zhou Enlai When Zhou Enlai was a little boy,he always worked kept on write one hundred Chinese characters every day. But one day,many friends of his mather's came to his was helping his mather with housework in the had no time to write. At night,he was very tired and wanted very much to he still thought he should finish writing the Chinese characters before he went to bed. When seeing this,his mother made the bed quickly and said,"Do it tomorrow!" "No, mother,today's work must be done today." Zhou Enlai went to the kitchen,put his head into the clod water .Then he took out some paper and a writing brush. His mother adivised him to sleep he said,"Mum,go to bed must fisish writing one hundred Chinese characters today,for I can't leave today's work over till tomorrow." After Zhou Enlai finished writing,he weng to bed at ease.翻译：一篇关于周恩来当周恩来是个小男孩的时候,他总是工作很努力。他不停地写100汉字每一天。但是有一天,很多朋友他的妈妈来到了他家。ZhouEnlai帮他妈妈做家务在路上行驶。他没有时间再写了。晚上,他非常疲倦,很想睡觉。但他仍然认为他应该写完汉字在睡觉前。当看到这一幕,他的母亲整理床铺迅速,说:“明天再做!”“不,妈妈,今天的工作必须做的今天。”周恩来走到厨房,把他的头撞到了寒冷的水然后他拿出一些纸和毛笔。他的母亲adivised他又睡着了。但耶稣对他们说:“妈妈,去睡觉吧你自己。我必须fisish写100汉字今天,我不能把今天的工作拖到明天去做。”周恩来写完后,他嘛呢嘛呢嗡啊上床自在。9. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization. 中国人民一向赞赏奥林匹克精神的宗旨和原则，支持奥林匹克运动为促进世界和平所做的努力。中国政府和中国人民正全力以赴，做好2008年北京奥运会的筹备工作，力争把2008年奥运会办成一次弘扬奥林匹克精神、促进世界和平、增进各国人民友谊的盛会，让奥林匹克精神在中国这一东方文明古国再次得到发扬。 to Study English Well? 怎样学好英语？ We all know that English is very useful. Many people in the world speak English. So more and more people in China study it. How to study English well? I think we must have a good way to study English. If you want to learn English well, listening, speaking, reading and writing are important. You should listen to tapes every day. You should often speak English with your teachers and friends. You should read English every morning. And, you had better keep a diary every day. In this way, you can study English well. 我们都知道英语很有用，世界上有许多人讲英语。所以中国也有越来越多的人学英语。 怎样把英语学好？我想我们必须有一个好的学习英语的方法。如果你想学好英语，听、说、读、写很重要。你应该每天听磁带，你应该经常同老师和朋友们讲英语，你应该每天早晨读英语，而且你最好每天记一篇日记。用这种方法，你就能学好英语。
初中英语阅读文章
下面我给大家收集整理了初中英语阅读的文章，有兴趣的朋友可以阅读欣赏一下哦!
第一篇：Dogedog
Dogedog had always been very lazy, and now that his father and mother were dead and he had no one to care for him, he lived very poorly. He had little to eat. His house was old and small and so poor that it had not even a floor. Still he would rather sit all day and idle away his time than to work and have more things.
One day, however, when the rainy season was near at hand, Dogedog began thinking how cold he would be when the storms came, and he felt so sorry for himself that he decided to make a floor in his house.
Wrapping some rice in a banana leaf for his dinner, he took his long knife and went to the forest to cut some bamboo. He hung the bundle of rice in a tree until he should need it; but while he was working a cat came and ate it. When the hungry man came for his dinner, there was none left. Dogedog went back to his miserable little house which looked forlorn to him even, now that he had decided to have a floor.
The next day he went again to the forest and hung his rice in the tree as he did before, but again the cat came and ate it. So the man had to go home without any dinner.
The third day he took the rice, but this time he fixed a trap in the tree, and when the cat came it was caught.
"Now I have you!" cried the man when he found the cat; "and I shall kill you for stealing my rice."
"Oh, do not kill me," pleaded the cat, "and I will be of some use to you."
So Dogedog decided to spare the cat's life, and he took it home and tied it near the door to guard the house.
Some time later when he went to look at it, he was very much surprised to find that it had become a cock.
"Now I can go to the cock-fight at Magsingal," cried the man. And he was very happy, for he had much rather do that than work.
Thinking no more of getting wood for his floor, he started out at once for Magsingal with the cock under his arm.
As he was crossing a river he met an alligator which called out to him: "Where are you going, "Dogedog?"
"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," replied the man as he fondly stroked the rooster.
"Wait, and I will go with you," said the alligator; and he drew himself out of the water.
The two walking together soon entered a forest where they met a deer and it asked: "Where are you going, Dogedog?"
"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," said the man.
"Wait and I will go with you," said the deer; and he also joined them.
By and by they met a mound of earth that had been raised by the ants, and they would have passed without noticing it had it not inquired: "Where are you going, Dogedog?"
"To the cock-fight at Magsingal," said the man once more; and the mound of earth joined them.
The comp
any then hurried on, and just as they were leaving the forest, they passed a big tree in which was a monkey. "Where are you going, Dogedog?" shrieked the monkey. And without waiting for an answer, he scrambled down the tree and followed them.
As the party walked along they talked together, and the alligator said to Dogedog: "If any man wants to dive into the water, I can stay under longer than he."
Then the deer, not to be outdone, said: "If any man wants to run, I can run faster."
The mound of earth, anxious to show its strength, said: "If any man wants to wrestle, I can beat him."
And the monkey said: "If any man wants to climb, I can go higher."
They reached Magsingal in good time and the people were ready for the fight to begin. When Dogedog put his rooster, which had been a cat, into the pit, it killed the other cock at once, for it used its claws like a cat.
The people brought more roosters and wagered much money, but Dogedog's cock killed all the others until there was not one left in Magsingal, and Dogedog won much money. Then they went outside the town and brought all the cocks they could find, but not one could win over that of Dogedog.
When the cocks were all dead, the people wanted some other sport, so they brought a man who could stay under water for a long time, and Dogedog made him compete with the alligator. But after a while the man had to come up first. Then they brought a swift runner and he raced with the deer, but the man was left far behind. Next they looked around until they found a very large man who was willing to contend with the mound of earth, but after a hard struggle the man was thrown. Finally they brought a man who could climb higher than anyone else, but the monkey went far above him, and he had to give up.
All these contests had brought much money to Dogedog, and now he had to buy two horses to carry his sacks of silver. As soon as he reached home, he bought the house of a very rich man and went to live in it. And he was very happy, for he did not have to work any more.
第二篇：The Carabao and the Shell
One very hot day, when a carabao went into the river to bathe, he met a shell and they began talking together.
"You are very slow," said the carabao to the shell.
"Oh, no," replied the shell. "I can beat you in a race."
"Then let us try and see," said the carabao.
So they went out on the bank and started to run.
After the carabao had gone a long distance he stopped and called, "Shell!"
And another shell lying by the river answered, "Here I am!"
Then the carabao, thinking that it was the same shell with which he was racing, ran on.
By and by he stopped again and called, "Shell!"
And another shell answered, "Here I am!"
The carabao was surprised that the shell could keep up with him. But he ran on and on, and every time he stopped to call, another shell answered him. But he was determined that the shell should not beat him, so he ran until he dropped dead.
学术堂为大家整理了一部分关于英文论文的写作要点及注意事项：1、不要用中国式的思维去写英文句子。2、套用老外的写作思路（比如前言第1段写对疾病的认识及重要性，第2段对基本背景知识的介绍，第3段如何引出研究问题。讨论部分往往每一段第一句为该段的中心句。）3、格式一定要严格按照所投杂志的要求来排版（可以参考投稿须知的要求和该杂志最近发表的文章，要做到一模一样，这样编辑认为你是认真对待的）。4、避免使用首次发现，该研究特别有意义的语句（老外喜欢你陈述事实，是不是首次发现由别人说了算，有没有意义需要时间来检验）。5、首页有什么特殊要求？比如是否写清了通讯作者（Corresponding author）和页眉标题（Running title），Running title是否符合字符数要求，一般50个字符以下。首页是否要求标明全文字符数（The number of characters must be listed on the title page）。首页是否要求提供关键词（Key words)，现在很多杂志在正式出版的时候是看不到关键词的，他多数目的是为了编辑好选择审稿专家。6、摘要是否为有特殊格式（比如格式摘要：目的，方法，结果，结论），是否有字数限制（比如205个字以下）。7、注意参考文献（References）一定要符合杂志的格式，参考文献的数目是否有限制。是否不能引用正在出版的（In press）文章或未公开的（Unpublished data）数据。8、是否引用了较多着名杂志的文章为参考文献（大家看影响因子超过10的杂志文章，他们引用的文献多数也是来自10以上的杂志，也就是说你投高影响因子的杂志就尽量不要引用低档杂志的文章，这是一条潜规则）。9、引用了几篇该杂志的文章作为参考文献（有的杂志有明确要求要引几篇，有的没有要求，但是编辑在还是喜欢你多引他们杂志的文章）。10、写完后最好先找一个在国外呆过几年的中国人修改第1次（这样能纠正明显写作错误和表达，又明白你的写作意思），然后再找一个英语为母语的人修改（最好是学医的，这样能够纠正一些微小错误和表达习惯）。最终的目的是即使退稿也不是因为语言问题。人家修改完了注意在回信中致谢（Thank you very much for the excellent and professional revision of our manuscript. In future， I will send you my English manuscripts for proofreading! I will acknowledge your help in the footnote.）和在文章中致谢（We thank *** for critical reading of the manuscript.）。11、注意文章中不要有中文输入法情况下的标点符号（老外的计算机操作系统可能识别为乱码或者为非法程序）。12、标点符号是否正确？空格是否恰当？13、注意缩写的格式，时间表示的格式，希腊字母的格式。14、该斜体的地方是否是斜体（in vitro，in vivo等）。15、材料与方法中试剂后的厂家是否该杂志的要求（有的不但要标明公司名字和国家，还要城市名，货号）。16、是否进行了伦理道德的申明。（如果进行了动物实验和人体实验）。17、图表是否符合杂志的数目(Number)、大小(Size)和分辨率(Resolution)要求？有几副彩图（建议能设置为灰度的图就改成灰度的图，比如一些统计结果图。因为彩图收费（Color charges）是很贵的）。18、图的格式类型是否有要求，一般只接收EPS或TIFF格式。图的模式是否有要求，比如过去一般要求是CMYK模式，现在很多杂志要求RGB模式。19、图表是放在后面，还是插入在文章中。（看投稿须知要求）。20、字数是否符合杂志要求（有的杂志对字数也有要求。比如最多8个版面。他一般会告诉你怎么推测自己的文章占几个版面，比如有的杂志大约是8000个字符数(characters)（包括空格）为一个版面）。21、全文的字号是否符合要求。（一般是12号字(12-point)，双倍行距（Double space））。22、是否进行了致谢（国外的文章一般都会致谢。一般要求写受什么基金资助，谁对文章改了，谁进行了技术帮助，谁提供了一些实验材料等；其中很多杂志基金资助一般写在Footnote中）。
在初中时，你们英语课上有接触过议论文吗?下面是我给大家整理的初中英语议论文写作，供大家参阅!
Television has come into our life for many years.
We can’t live happily without television. Jt can give us the latest information and news. It can open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge. We can get happiness from the plays on television. We’ll be boring all day if there is no television. Television programs are attractive. After a whole day’s hard worlk we can sit before the television and drink a cup of tea. How wonderful it is!
Television is also bad for people’s health. It’s bad for you to watch TV too long, especially bad for your eyes.
It is true that watching TV can influence our behavior. However, it depends on what we do.
We are middle school students and we are busy with our lessons. So some people think we should concentrate more on our studies. If we volunteer to help others, it’s a waste of time. But I think volunteering is great. I not only feel good about helping others but also get to spend time doing what I love to do. And from volunteering I have learned many things that I have never learned in class. So if I have an oppoutunity, I’d like to visit old people’s home to clean up for them. I’d also like to help sick kids in hospital. I love kids and I plan to put my love to good use by working in hospital. In a word, I’d like to help people who need help. If everyone helps out a bit, the world will be more colorful.
Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. It offers a lot of advantages. The most important one is convenience. You can shop whenever you like because the online shops are open 24 hours a day. And you don’t have to queue with others. And it is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet and it is also easy to find what you are looking for.
There are some disadvantages, too. You can not see the products or check their qualities. Besides you can not enjoy walking around the shops and talking with your friends.
8Should We Keep the Students in School All the Time?
Hello, we should keep the students in school all the time is a hot topic among educationists,teachers and teachers think that in order to let the students have more time for their lessons and develop their good behaviors,the schools are supposed to be sealed off,so the students can't go out and have to stay at some teachers and the students hold a different believe that would cause some students will have no time for relax,doing something they like,and that would do harm to their health,as well as their my mind,I don't think it's a good way to keep the students in school all day every one of us,need time and places for do not keep the students in school all the time,for our students and education,
That's all,thank you.
As the old saying goes(正如老话所言), a life without a friend is a life without a sun.(生活没有了朋友就像没有了太阳).But some people may say,we teenagers may let our friends talk us into doing bad as to pleased their so called "friend".This is because we teenagers are lack of the self-control ability.
I like staying with friends. Because friends are always give me a helping hand when in course, I will treasure(珍惜) my friendship no matter what.
10In modern society, people tend to be self-centered. Yet in my opinion, helping others should still be encouraged.
First of all, when you give a hand to a person in need, not only will he be free from the trouble but you will also feel good helping him.
Apart from that, helping others facilitates an efficient civilization. After the threshold of the new century of information explosion, it's not enough to perform on one's own any more. Teamgeist and cooperation are gaining importance.
Thus from the above mentioned two reasons, i hold the opinion that helping others benefit the most.
研究方向、论文大纲、文献综述以及选题分析，这几个都是十分重要的，关于选题分析你可以看看笔杆网的选题分析功能以及在线写作功能，希望可以带给你帮助。
我也是这个专业的，去年写的论文，记得当时还是找品学论文网的老师帮忙的，很不错，从开题报告到最后的修改定稿，帮我省了好多事，老师一会让我改任务书，一会让我给他看修改的稿件，品学论文的王老师都不厌其烦的帮我弄好，搞得我都不好意思了。如果想咨询这方面的文章，可以参考下哦。~嘻嘻
初中是知识储蓄的过程。怎么写100字左右的英语作文呢?下面是我给大家整理的3篇初中英语作文100字左右，供你参考!
When I was a child, always admire the junior high school of big brother big sister, because their knowledge more than me, but now? Don't envy, but think on junior middle school very tired ah! Every day is more than a dozen class, sometimes didn't even have time to relax, holding a book, all day every day recite those who do not know a foreign language, Chinese why want to learn a foreign language? Now is really very tired, too tired!
Because I didn't do my homework a few days ago, today for a long time, finally ready, just show it to mother's signature. I let her sign a class a lesson in the language books, can be written the date a few classes before May 7, I called mother change, she said to let the teacher know is to do in a day. Ok, I think about it,. At this time, but dad said help me to change it, my mother took the pen and put down the book, said: "you ask him to sign, than I can, I can't see you do my homework after I wouldn't have signed." She was angry, a words don't say back to the room. Now talking to dad, and lost his temper.
Silent heart, listen to the whisper of the world, as if to tell me the beautiful future waiting for us. At this point, is the time to express our sentimental, vaguely, waterfall heard the cheerful singing, and see that the world can never see the flowers, sucking the milk of the earth, between my jump the flicker of light is blinking with curious eyes looking at the world. I pray every moment, wish our happy like them.
Where there is a will， there is a way.有志者事竟成。接下来分享初中英语励志美文短篇，供参考。
I was not delivered unto this world in defeat, nor does failure course in my veins. I am not a sheep waiting to be prodded by my shepherd. I am a lion and I refuse to talk, to walk, to sleep with the sheep. I will hear not those who weep and complain, for their disease is contagious. Let them join the sheep. The slaughterhouse of failure is not my destiny.
I will never consider defeat and I will remove from my vocabulary such words and phrases as quit, cannot, unable, impossible, out of the question, improbable, failure, unworkable, hopeless, and retreat; for they are the words of fools. I will avoid despair but if this disease of the mind should infect me then I will work on in despair. I will toil and I will endure. I will ignore the obstacles at my feet and keep mine eyes on the goals above my head, for I know that where dry desert ends, green grass grows.
I will remember the ancient law of averages and I will bend it to my good. I will persist with knowledge that each failure to sell will increase my chance for success at the next attempt. Each nay I hear will bring me closer to the sound of yea. Each frown I meet only prepares me for the smile to come. Each misfortune I encounter will carry in it the seed of tomorrow's good luck. I must have the night to appreciate the day. I must fail often to succeed only once.
我不是为了失败才来到这个世界上的，我的血管里也没有失败的血液在流动。我不是任人鞭打的羔羊，我是猛狮，不与羊群为伍。我不想听失意者的哭泣，抱怨者的牢骚，这是羊群中的瘟疫，我不能被它传染。失败者的屠宰场不是我命运的归宿。
我绝不考虑失败，我的字典里不再有放弃，不可能、办不到、没法子、成问题、失败，行不通、没希望、退缩…这类愚蠢的字眼。我要尽量避免绝望，一旦受到它的威胁，立即想方设法向它挑战。我要辛勤耕耘，忍受苦楚。我放眼未来，勇往直前，不再理会脚下的障碍。我坚信，沙漠尽头必是绿洲。
我要牢牢记住古老的平衡法则，鼓励自己坚持下去，因为每一次的失败都会增加下一次成功的机会。这一次的拒绝就是下一次的赞同，这一次皱起的眉头就是下一次舒展的笑容。今天的不幸，往往预示着明天的好运。夜幕降临。回想一天的遭遇。我总是心存感激。我深知，只有失败多次，才能成功。
It is not easy to think positive thoughts when the world around you appears to be so negative. In fact, it can be as difficult as anything you’ve ever done. However, it is absolutely possible to fill your mind with positive thoughts no matter what the environment is. Doing so makes you powerful like nothing else can.
To think positively is to alignyourselfwith1 the truth that you’re immersed2 in limitless, growing abundance. To think positively is to pleasantly accept that your life is full of meaningful and unique achievements.
Instead of placing a judgement on your situation, apply your most positive purposes to that situation. Instead of seeing the world as negative, see yourself as a powerful agent of the positive possibilities.
If you find yourself giving in to negativity4, you are selling yourself short. The moment you feel the slightest pain of a negative thought, stop and remind yourself how powerful you are. Do the intentional work of keeping your thoughts positive. Because whatever you always think is where your life will surely and steadily go.
当你周围的人或物都看似消极时,让你持有乐观思想并非是件容易的事。实际上,这和你做过的任何一件事一样难。然而,无论身处怎样的环境,用乐观的思想填充你的大脑是完全可能的。这样做会使你变得无比强大。
乐观地思考就是在证明一个事实——你的生活正处于日益丰盈的状态。乐观地思考也是在欣然接受一个事实——你的生活充满着意义深远、与众不同的成就。
不要只顾着对你所处的形势作出评价,要把你的积极目标付诸于实际。不要只看到世界的消极一面,要看到自己能够创造积极可能性的强大力量。
如果你发现自己正向消极屈服,那么你就是在轻视自己。在你感受到消极思想所带来的一丝疼痛的那一刻,停下来吧,提醒自己你是多么强大。做一些有利于塑造积极思想的事情,因为你的思想正引领着你生活稳步前行的方向。
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.
An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of grows old merely by a number of grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
无论是60岁还是16岁，你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和追求事业成功的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底，有一座无线电台，它能在多长时间里接收到人间万物传递来的美好、希望、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会年轻多长时间。
人的生命应当像河流，开始是涓涓细流，受两岸的限制而十分狭窄，尔后奔腾咆哮，翻过危岩，飞越瀑布，河面渐渐开阔，河岸也随之向两边隐去，最后水流平缓，森森无际，汇入大海之中，个人就这样毫无痛苦地消失了。
青春意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致，更主要的是不思进取的结果。
光阴可以在颜面上留下印记，而热情之火的熄灭则在心灵上刻下皱纹。烦恼、恐惧、缺乏自信会扭曲人的灵魂，并将青春化为灰烬。
英语写作中很多都会有字数限制，你知道怎么写一篇100字的英语作文吗?下面是我给大家精心挑选的3篇初中英语作文100字，希望大家喜欢!供你参考和阅读!
When you carry a new schoolbag, junior high school when the first step that had begun to your junior high school life.
Junior high school life, short and beautiful. You can make many friends, and they share your joys and sorrows. When you have a happy experience of junior high school life, imperceptibly approaching mid-term exam.
Junior high school life, like a bottle of mature vinegar, sour taste. As if you play test is not ideal, feel very sour, really want to jump in bad friend crying in a field.
Junior high school life, like a jar of honey, taste sweet. When you get a minute of honor, the in the mind is better than eating the honey still sweet, the feeling is very happy.
Today, my mother bought a potted flower, the green leaves as lovely as the fan. Red flowers smile red in the face and the branches were weighed down by their waist.
I said, "mom let me of a potted flower! I took the flower pot, I'll put the soil in the basin and put flower seeds in the soil, fertilizing watering, I put it in a room of the sun, the bright sunshine on the flower face beautiful, looked at his contribution in my heart is glad and happy.
"Battlefield" smoke in the distance gradually in the past, the tense mood also finally got a moment's respite, looking back already "disastrous" today "seems to still" at the Ming dynasty the final battlefield as hordes of running the mighty. This is the student, this is me.
Mid-term exam was burned in a mournful voice last light - report released. Looked at his name does not fit in among them, want to complain, die rate. I don't want to put the weekly diary written summary, also don't want to look back at the approximate mocking rankings, I want to talk today said that the Ming dynasty. Things at this point, don't need to say more, what is divided into between appeared, straight as strong as death, no place to buy regret medicine but between turn grief into strength, to meet in front of a bright spring day!
周作人的关于“美文”的思想有一个产生发展过程。下面我整理了初中英语必背美文，希望大家喜欢!初中英语必背美文摘抄 我的心在那高原 My heart's in the highlands, my heart is not here; My heart's in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe My heart's in the highlands wherever i go. Farewell to the highlands, farewell to the north! The birthplace of valour, the country of worth; Wherever i wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the highlands for ever I love. Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow! Farewell to the straths and green valleys below! Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods! My heart's in the highlands, my heart is not here; My heart's in the highlands, a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe My heart's in the highlands wherever I go. 我的心在那高原，在追赶鹿群; 追赶着野鹿，跟踪着獐鹿， 我的心在那高原，无论我走到哪里。 再见了，高原，再见了，北方! 敬爱的家园，英雄的故乡; 无论我在哪里漂泊流浪， 高原的群山，永远在我心上! 再见了，白雪皑皑高耸的群山， 再见了，山下的河谷，青翠的山涧; 再见了，参天的大树，丛生的森林， 再见了，汹涌的激流，雷鸣的浪涛! 我的心在那高原，我的心不在这里， 我的心在那高原，在追赶鹿群; 追赶着野鹿，跟踪着獐鹿， 我的心在那高原，无论我走到哪里! 初中英语必背美文鉴赏 论说谎 Now as to the matter of lying. You want to be very careful about lying, otherwise you are nearlysure to get caught, once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the pure and the good,what you were a young person has injured himself permenently throuth a singleclumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Someauthorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That, of course, is putting it ratherstronger than necessary. Still, while I can't go quite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe Iam right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice andexperience shall give them that confidence, elegance, precision which alone make theaccomplishment graceful and profitable. Patience, diligence, painstaking attention to detail- these are the requirments. These, in time ,will make the student perfect. Upon these, andupon these only, mayhe rely as the sure foundation for future eminence. Think what tedious years of study, thought, practice, and experience ,went to the equipmentof the peerless old master who was able to impose upon the whole world with the lofty andsounding maxim that "Truth is mighty and will prevail."- The most majestic compoundfeature of fact which any of woman born has yet achieved. For the history of our race and every individual's experience, are sown thick with evidence thata truth is not hard to kill and that a lie told well is immortal. There is in Bostain a monument ofthe man who discover the anesthesia. Many people are aware, in these later days, that he didn'tdiscover it at all, but stole the discovery from another man. Is the truth mighty, and will itprevail? No, My hearers, the monument is made of hard materials, but the lie it tells will outlasta millon years. An awkward, feeble, leaky lie is a thing which you ought to make it yourunceasing study to avoid. Why, you might as well tell the truth at once and be done with it. 现在来谈一谈说谎。你们可要特别谨慎地看待说谎;否则十有八九会被揭穿。一旦被揭穿，在善良和淳朴的人们眼中，你就再也不可能是以前的你了。许多年轻人，仅仅由于一次拙劣难圆的谎言，由于不完备的 教育 而导致轻率的后果-而使自己长期蒙受损失。一些权威人士认为年轻人根本不该说谎。当然，这种说法言之过甚，其实未必如此。不过，虽然我不能把话讲的太过分，我却坚信-我认为确乎如此，在实践和阅历使人获得信心，文雅，严谨之前，年轻人运用这门伟大的艺术时应当把握好分寸，因为只有这三点才能使说谎的本领无伤大雅甚至带来益处。耐心，勤奋，细致入微则是必备素质，经年累月，这些素质便会使学生变得完善起来。凭借这些，也只有凭借这些，他才可能为将来的出类拔萃打下牢固的基础。 试想，要经过学习，思考，实践， 经验 等多么漫长的岁月，那举世无双的大师才具备如此的素养，他使得整个世界接受了“真理是强大的，并且终将战胜一切”这句崇高而响彻云霄的格言，这是关于事实的复杂性所道出的最豪迈的一句话，至今任何一个出自娘胎的人都未有此成就。 原因是我们人类的历史以及每个人的经历都深深地印证了这样的事实:一个真理不难抹杀，一个说的巧妙的谎言则经久不衰。在波士顿，人们为纪念发现麻醉法的人而立了一座纪念碑：很多人到近期才知道,那个人根本没有发现麻醉法，而是窃取了另一个人的发现。这个真理强大吗?它终会取胜吗?唉，非也，听众们，虽然纪念碑是用坚硬的材料建造的，而它所散布的谎言却将比它持久百万年。你们应该不断研究如果避免制造那些拙劣，无力而又破绽百出的谎言;诸如此类的谎言比起一个普通事实来，决不具有更加真实的永久性。嗨，你们倒不如既讲真话又同真理打交道。 初中英语必背美文赏析 爱的礼物 If I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong ora clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and allknowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I amnothing. If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, butdo not have love, I gain nothing. Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. It does notinsist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, butrejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends. But as for prophecies, they will come to an end; as for tongues, they willcease; as for knowledge, it will come to an end. For we know only in part, and we prophesyonly in part; but when the complete comes, the partial will come to an end. When I was a child,I thought like a child; when I became and adult, I put an end to childish ways. For now we see inmirror, dimly, but then we will see face to face. Now I know only in part; then I will know fully,even as I have been fully known. And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and thegreatest of these is love. 就算我能说万人的方言和天使的话语，但如果没有爱，我不过就如鸣锣一般;就算我有预知未来的能力，就算我精通各种知识和奥秘，就算我有坚定的信念，但如果没有爱，我就什么都算不上;就算我拿所有的财物周济穷人，就算我能做出舍己为人的壮举，但如果没有爱，我仍将一无所有。 爱是一种忍耐，爱是一种友善;爱不是嫉妒，不是自大，不是鲁莽，不是固执己见，不是轻易发怒。爱意味着憎恶不义，赞赏真理;爱意味着包容一切，相信一切，对生活充满希望，并能忍受生活中的一切。 爱是永无止境的，但又是有尽头的;就像知识一样，必将归于乌有。我们现在搜掌握的知识很有限，当我们掌握了完整的知识时，有限的知识必将归于乌有。当我还是一个孩子的时候，我像孩子一样说话，像孩子一样思考问题，像孩子一样推理;但我一旦成年，就不再像孩子一样了。现阶段，我们很多时候好像是从镜子里观看事物，对很多事物都看不清，但有朝一日我们会直面这些事物。现阶段，我知道的东西很有限，但有朝一日我会懂得一切。如今，常存在人们心中的东西有三样：信念、希望和爱，而其中爱是最重要的!
经典美文与英语写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、相辅相成的关系,这一结论对写作教学有很大启发。我整理了初中英语美文，欢迎阅读!
友谊
No young man starting life could have better capital than plenty of friends.
年轻人人生起步最好的资本莫过于拥有众多的朋友。
They will strengthen his credit support him in every great effort, and make him what，unaided, he could never be.
朋友可以增加他的声望，尽最大的努力支持他，并使他达到无朋友帮助时绝不可能达到的成就。
Friends of the right sort will help him more to be happy and successful than much money or great learning.
交对朋友将会比大笔的金钱或高深的学问更能让他快乐和成功。
Friendship is no one-sided affair.
友谊不是单方面的事。
There can be no friendship without reciprocity.
没有互惠就不能算是友谊。
One cannot receive all and give nothing，or give all and receive nothing，and expect to experience the joy and fullness of true companionship.
一个人不可能只是接受而不付出，只是付出而不回收，却期望能够享有真挚友谊的欢欣和满足。
Those who would make friends must cultivate the qualities which are admired and which attract.
想交朋友必须培养受人赞赏和吸引人的特质。
If you are mean stingy and selfish，nobody will admire you.
如果你小气、吝啬又自私，没有人会欣赏你。
You must cultivate generosity and large-heartedness; you must be magnanimous and tolerant;
你必须培养慷慨和宽宏大量的气度;你必须有雅量并对人容忍;
you must have positive qualities, for a negative, shrinking, apologizing，roundabout man is despised.
你必须要有积极的特质，因为消极、畏缩、爱赔不是和迁回不前的人总是让人瞧不起。
You must believe in yourself. If you do not, others will not believe in you.
你必须信任你自己，否则就不会获得别人的信任。
You must look upward and be hopeful，cheery, and optimistic.
你必须要向前看，充满希望，愉快且乐观。
No one will be attracted to a gloomy pessimist.
没有人会理会一个忧郁的悲观者。
快乐之钥
To help others，you don't have to be an efficient expert in the art; the main thing is theintention.
你若想助人，并不一定要在助人的艺术方面猛下工夫，重要的是你有没有一颗助人的心。
You may be crude and clumsy, wasteful and ineffective, but if you sincerely try to help, yourattempt produces nothing but good.
你或许粗里粗气，笨手笨脚，徒劳又无成效，但你若真心想帮忙，你的努力只会带来善果。
The one you are trying to help knows your intention and is strengthened and encouraged bythe magic of your sharing.
你想要帮助的人得知你有心相助时，会因为你共担困苦的魔力而变得坚强振作。
In nearly every case，your simple desire to help，converted into action，produces the goodsought.
你单纯的助人之心每次付诸行动时，几乎都会产生预期的善果。
But perhaps the greatest good is the good that you yourself get out of the attempt.
但或许最大的善果却是你从自己努力助人的企图中所得到的善果。
Service to others delivers more joy to you than the joy you deliver to them.
帮助别人所带给你的快乐要多过你带给别人的快乐。
In doing good，you free yourself from the terrible burden of self; you escape from yourself intoa clean world of joy and light.
行善时，你便摆脱了以自我为本位的可怕重担，而进入一个充满喜悦及光明的清新世界。
The good you simply try to do, regardless of the outcome, is always a success inside yourself.
你一心想行的善，不论结果如何，在你心中始终就是一种成功。
Unselfish giving is your most efficient formula for happiness, for you have embraced Eternityinstead of Self;
无私的施舍乃是获得快乐最有效的法则，因为你拥抱的是“永恒”而非“自我”;
you have felt Life, and you are now the world bigger than you were before you began theproject.
你感受到“生命”的存在，而你现在的世界也比你开始行善前还要开阔。
爱美
The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.
爱美乃是所有正常的人性中不可或缺的一部分。
It is a moral quality.
它是心灵的特质。
The absences of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is aninvariable sign of goodness of heart.
不爱美并不一定是坏事，但爱美则象征了不变的善心。
In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which noblenessand beauty of character will be attained.
品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与爱美的感受度成正比。
Natural beauty is an all一pervading presence.
大自然的美是随处可见的。
The universe is its temple.
宇宙即是其殿堂。
It unfolds into the numberless flowers of waves in the branches of trees and the greenblades of grass.
美存在于春天无数的花蕊开放时，存在于随风摇曳的树枝与片片绿草中。
It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea.
在陆地及海底深处皆可见到美的芳踪。
It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone.
它绽放于贝壳以及宝石的色泽上。
And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, therising and the setting sun一all overflow with beauty.
不只是这些细微的东西，还有海洋、山庄、云朵、繁星、日升与日落，无一不美。
This beauty is so precious，and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings，
这样的美是如此珍贵，也如此适合我们最温柔与高尚的情感，
that it is painful to think of the multitude of people living in the midst of it and yet remainingalmost blind to it.
以至想到一大群人身处在美之中却几乎对之视若无睹就令人痛心。
All persons should seek to become acquainted with the beauty in nature.
所有的人都应该设法去认识大自然之美。
There is not a worm we tread upon, nor a leaf that dances merrily as it falls before the autumnwinds, but calls for our study and admiration.
我们所踩过的小虫以及秋风拂掠前飞舞的树叶，皆值得我们研究与赞赏。
The power to appreciate beauty not merely increases our sources of happiness一it enlargesour moral nature, too.
欣赏美的能力不仅可以增加我们快乐的来源，它也开阔了我们的灵性。
Beauty calms our restlessness and dispels our cares.
美使我们不安的心平静下来，也驱散了我们的忧虑。
Go into the fields or the woods, spend a summer day by the sea or the mountains, and all yourlittle perplexities and anxieties will vanish.
走进田野或森林，在夏日的海边或山上待上一天，那么你所有微不足道的困惑与焦虑都会消失。
Listen to sweet music, and your foolish fears and petty jealousies will pass away.
倾听悦耳的音乐，那么你愚昧的恐惧感与微不足道的嫉妒心都会过去。
The beauty of the world helps us to seek and find the beauty of goodness.
世界之美将有助于我们找到善良之美。
经典美文与 英语写作 是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、相辅相成的关系,这一结论对写作教学有很大启发。下面是我带来的初中英语美文摘抄，欢迎阅读!初中英语美文摘抄精选 Different from the Start 一开始就与众不同 Five-year-old Albert Einstein stared at his hand as if it held magic. Cupped in his palm was a small，round instrument with a glass cover and a jiggling needle. Albert's father called it a compass. Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north. Quietly Hermann Einstein watched his son. Albert was a chubby little boy with pale, round cheeks and thick, black hair that was usually messy. His bright brown eyes were wide with discovery. 五岁的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦盯着他的手，仿佛手上掌控着魔法。他的掌心托着一个小小的、圆形的仪器，仪器带有一个玻璃罩和一根会摆动的针。阿尔伯特的父亲称它为指南针，阿尔伯特称它是一个谜。不管他如何移动罗盘，指针总是指向北方。赫尔曼·爱因斯坦静静地注视着他的儿子。阿尔伯特是一个胖乎乎的小男孩，白白的脸颊圆乎乎肉嘟嘟的，黑色的头发常常乱成一团。看到这一发现，他明亮的棕色眼睛睁得大大的。 Something was in the room with him, Albert realized--something he couldn't see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Spellbound, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. But nothing his father said made the invisible power seem less mysterious or wonderful. To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget. 阿尔伯特意识到，房间里有什么东西在他的身边--他无法看到或感觉到的某种东西，同时也对指南针产生着作用。阿尔伯特入迷地听父亲解释磁力，一股使罗盘的指针指向北方的奇特的力量。但是，不管父亲说什么，也丝毫没有减少这股无形力量的神秘感和奇妙感。对许多孩子来说，指南针本来只是一个玩具，对阿尔伯特来说，指南针却是一个他永远不会忘记的奇迹。 But then Albert had always been different from other children. Born March 14，1879，in Ulm, Germany, Albert hadn't been looked like other babies. As she cradled her new son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. Other babies didn't have such large, pointed skulls. Was something wrong with Albert? Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert's head began to look right to her. 然而，阿尔伯特总是不同于其他孩子。1879年3月14日他出生在德国的乌尔姆，出生时，他看上去就不像其他婴儿。当母亲波林·爱因斯坦抚慰着怀抱里的这个新生儿时，她觉得他的后脑勺看起来怪怪的，其他婴儿没有那么突出的大头骨。阿尔伯特有什么问题吗?虽然医生告诉波林一切安好，但几个星期之后她才觉得阿尔伯特的头形正常。 When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich，where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. Looking down at the tiny sleeping bundle, Albert was puzzled. Where were the baby's wheels? The disappointed two year old wanted to know. Albert had expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels. 阿尔伯特一岁时，全家搬到了慕尼黑，一年后妹妹玛雅出生了。看着襁褓中熟睡的小婴儿，阿尔伯特感到疑惑不解。婴儿的轮子在哪里呢?这个失望的两岁的孩子很想知道。阿尔伯特以为小妹妹应该是像玩具一样的东西，并且他的大部分玩具都是有轮子的。 Albert's parents were amused by his confusion. But any response at all would have delighted them. At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. Hermann and Pauline wondered why he was so late in talking. Was their son developing normally? As Albert grew older, he continued to have trouble putting his thoughts into words Even when he was nine years old, he spoke slowly, if he decided to say anything at all. Pauline and Hermann didn't know what to think. 阿尔伯特的父母被他充满疑惑的样子逗笑了，但孩子的可反应都令他们感到快乐。在这个年龄，许多孩子都能讲不少话了，阿尔伯特在语言方面却似乎异常落后。赫尔曼和波林不知道为什么他说话这么晚。他们的儿子生长发育正常吗?阿尔伯特更大一些的时候，仍然难以用文字表述自己的思想。甚至在他九岁时，如果他决定说些什么，速度还是很慢。波林和赫尔曼不知道该如何看待。 But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. Sometimes when he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father's compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open meadows were filled with more than the wind or the scent of flowers. They were also filled with magnetism. The very thought of it quickened Albert's pulse. 但是，阿尔伯特非常善于倾听和思考。有时当他和父母还有妹妹玛雅一起去远足时，他会想到父亲的指南针，思考它向他揭示的秘密。清新开阔的草地不仅充满着风声或花的香味，也充满着磁力，一想到这点阿尔伯特就脉搏加速了。 初中英语美文摘抄阅读 The Old Man and the Sea老人与海 老人与海 The sun rose thinly from the sea and the old man could see the other boats, low on the water and well in toward the shore, spread out across the current. Then the sun was brighter and the glare came on the water and then, as it rose clear, the flat sea sent it back at his eyes so that it hurt sharply and he rowed without looking into it. He looked down into the water and watched the lines that went straight down into the dark of the water. He kept them straighter than anyone did, so that at each level in the darkness of the stream there would be a bait waiting exactly where he wished it to be for any fish that swam there. Others let them drift with the current and sometimes they were at sixty fathoms when the fishermen thought they were at a hundred. 淡淡的太阳从海上升起，老人看见其他船只低低地挨着水面，朝海岸漂去，向海浪垂直的方向分散开。接着，太阳更明亮了，刺眼的强光照在水面上。当太阳从地平线上完全升起，平坦的海面把阳光反射到他眼睛里，使他的眼睛剧烈地刺痛，所以他划着船，不朝太阳看。他俯视水中，注视着那几根一直垂到漆黑的深水里的钓索。他把钓索垂得比任何人更直，这样，在黑暗的湾流深处的几个不同的深度，都会有一个鱼饵刚好在他所指望的地方等待着游动的鱼来觅食。别的渔夫让钓索顺水漂流，有时钓索在六十英寻的深处，他们却自以为在一百英寻的深处呢。 But, he thought, I keep them with precision. Only I have no luck any more. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready. 但是，他想，我总是把它们放在精确的地方。只是我没有运气，可谁知道呢?也许今天就有好运。每天都是新的一天。走运当然更好，但我宁愿做得精确。那么运气来的时候，你就准备好了。 The sun was two hours higher now and it did not hurt his eyes so much to look into the east. There were only three boats in sight now and they showed very low and far inshore. 两个小时过去了，太阳升得更高了，朝东望去，眼睛没有刺痛得那么厉害。现在只能看见三艘船，它们显得很低，靠近海岸。 All my life the early sun has hurt my eyes, he thought. Yet they are still good. In the evening I can look straight into it without getting the blackness. It has more force in the evening too. But in the morning it is painful. 这一辈子，初升的太阳总是刺痛我的眼睛，他心想。然而，眼睛仍然是好好的。傍晚时分，我能直视它，不会有眼前发黑的感觉。阳光在傍晚要更强烈些，不过在早上它叫人感到痛苦。 Just then he saw a man-of-war bird with his long black wings circling in the sky ahead of him. He made a quick drop, slanting down on his back-swept wings, and then circled again. 就在这时，他看见一只军舰鸟，有着黑色的长翅膀，在他前方的天空中盘旋。它斜着后掠的双翅迅速俯冲下来，然后又盘旋起来。 "He's got something," the old man said aloud. "He's not just looking." "他逮到东西了，"老人大声说，"他不只是看看。" He rowed slowly and steadily toward where the bird was circling. He did not hurry and he kept his lines straight up and down. But he crowded the current a little so that he was still fishing correctly though faster than he would have fished if he was not trying to use the bird. 他缓慢而坚定地划向鸟儿盘旋的地方。他并不匆忙，使钓索保持着上下垂直的位置。不过他朝海流靠近了一点，这样他依然在用正确的方式 捕鱼 ，尽管他的速度要比不打算利用鸟儿来引路时来得快。 The bird went higher in the air and circled again, his wings motionless. Then he dove suddenly and the old man saw flying fish spurt out of the water and sail desperately over the surface. 鸟儿在空中飞得更高了，再次盘旋起来，翅膀纹丝不动。然后它猛然俯冲下来，老人看见飞鱼跃出水面，拼命地在海面上掠过。 "Dolphin," the old man said aloud. "Big dolphin." "海豚，"老人大声说道' "大海豚。" He shipped his oars and brought a small line from under the bow. It had a wire leader and a medium-sized hook and he baited it with one of the sardines. He let it go over the side and then made it fast to a ring bolt in the stern. Then he baited another line and left it coiled in the shade of the bow. He went back to rowing and to watching the long-winged black bird who was working, now, low over the water. 他取下桨，从船头下面拿出一根细钓丝。钓丝上系着铁丝导线和一只中号钓钩，他把一条沙丁鱼挂在上面，顺着船舷放下水，然后将丝紧紧地系在船尾一只带环螺栓上。接着他在另一根线上安上鱼饵，把它盘绕着搁置在船头的阴影里。他又划起船，看着长翅黑鸟，它此刻正在水面上低飞。 As he watched the bird dipped again slanting his wings for the dive and then swinging them wildly and ineffectually as he followed the flying fish. The old man could see the slight bulge in the water that the big dolphin raised as they followed the escaping fish. The dolphin were cutting through the water below the flight of the fish and would be in the water, driving at speed, when the fish dropped. It is a big school of dolphin, he thought. They are widespread and the flying fish have little chance. The bird has no chance. The flying fish are too big for him and they go too fast. 他正看着，鸟儿又斜起翅膀准备俯冲，它向下冲来，然后又猛烈地扇动着双翼，追踪飞鱼，但是没有成效。老人看见大海豚在追赶飞鱼时海面微微隆起的水浪。海豚在飞掠的鱼下面破水而行，等鱼一落下，海豚就会飞速潜人水中。这群海豚真大呀!他想。它们分散开去，飞鱼很少有机会逃脱。军舰鸟也没有机会，飞鱼对它来说太大了，并且它们速度太快。 He watched the flying fish burst out again and again and the ineffectual movements of the bird. That school has gotten away from me, he thought. They are moving out too fast and too far. But perhaps I will pick up a stray and perhaps my big fish is around them. My big fish must be somewhere. 他看着飞鱼一次次地跃出水面，鸟儿的行为也一无所获。那群海豚要远离我了，他想着。它们动作太快，游得太远。但是，也许我会逮住一条掉队的，也许我的大鱼就在它们周围。我的大鱼一定在某个地方。 初中英语美文摘抄学习 无限风光在险峰 Risk is endemic in human affairs. To say to someone "I love you" or to say in church "I believe"can never be risk-free undertakings. They are to make investments in things that are not fullyunder one's control. The other person may not love you back. The God in whom you stakeyour trust may turn out not to exist. The French philosopher Pascal famously attempted ametaphysical hedge with regards to the existence of God. He argued that if believers are rightabout God's existence, then they have gained everything. But if they are wrong about it, theyhave lost nothing. It's an attempt to eliminate risk from believing. But, like the risk avoidancestrategies of investment banks, where you invest your heart and your soul can never be riskfree. All commitment, whether it be financial, emotional or religious, is subject to thepossibility of failure. That's life. And indeed it may well be that the attempt to eliminate riskfrom life can, in extreme forms, become an attempt to eliminate life itself. 冒险几乎是人群中的常见病。对别人说“我爱你”或者在教堂里说“我相信”其实一直都是有风险的。他们所作的承诺并不完全由自己掌控。对方也许不爱你。你相信的上帝有可能根本就不存在。法国哲学家Pascal曾就上帝的存在与否尝试过一个形而上的推敲。如果信众对于上帝存在的认识是正确的，那么他们就得到了一切，如果不对，那他们也毫无损失。这是对消弭信仰风险的尝试。但是，就像投行规避风险的策略一样，这个你投入一切的地方绝不是个全无风险的地方。所有承诺，不管是资金方面的，感情方面或是宗教方面的，都有失败的可能性。这就是生活。在某些极端情况下，想从生活中消除风险就等于消除生活本身。