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英语医学论文视频

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英语医学论文视频

包括有:英语医学科技论文中分词、合成词作定语以及名词连缀的使用英语医学科技论文写作中的常见错误英文医学科技论文中数词的用法及数字的写法外文斜体的使用方法 希望能帮助到你,望采纳!

这个简单啊。你可以到PubMed中下载。输入关键词,然后检索即可。

去PubMed检索,列表后面有fulltext提示,部分新发布的论文免费提供全文。旧刊全文收费不便宜,一篇几美金到20多美金不等。

s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.

If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.

First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.

Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.

Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog

All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。

有几个背后的原因。如今,人们更关心他们的健康,期望寿命更长,从而导致了医疗的繁荣。

人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势,为患者提供更多不必要的体检,以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来,现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先,医生应该对病人的期望值,并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。

其次,当局应承担起它的责任,确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务,以合理的价格。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.

令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今,人们更关心他们的健康,期望寿命更长,从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势,为患者提供更多不必要的体检,以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.

在我看来,现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先,医生应该对病人的期望值,并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次,当局应承担起它的责任,确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务,以合理的价格。

Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文

Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?

Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.

As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.

范文二:

My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。

医学论文英语演讲视频

s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.

If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.

First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.

Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.

Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog

All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。

有几个背后的原因。如今,人们更关心他们的健康,期望寿命更长,从而导致了医疗的繁荣。

人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势,为患者提供更多不必要的体检,以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来,现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先,医生应该对病人的期望值,并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。

其次,当局应承担起它的责任,确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务,以合理的价格。

The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.

令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今,人们更关心他们的健康,期望寿命更长,从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势,为患者提供更多不必要的体检,以使更多的利润。

In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.

在我看来,现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先,医生应该对病人的期望值,并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次,当局应承担起它的责任,确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务,以合理的价格。

Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文

Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?

Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.

As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.

范文二:

My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。

肯定重要了 专业的医学英语只有专业的人才懂得 要是你不学 开错了药。。 治病救人~。。。。。。。。。。。

当然重要了,很多前沿的研究都是英语的,只有足够的专业英语水平才能读懂,我们老主任曾经说过,要想当学科带头人,英语必须好,而且专业英语必须同样好!

【关键词】  医学英语论文; 标题写作; 修辞原则; 策略Abstract:As an important component part of a medical research paper,the English title plays a crucial role in promoting international academic exchanges. Its main functions are to summarize and reveal the subject, guide reading, and to be used for storage and retrieval. This paper mainly investigates the strategies of title writing for medical English research paper and presents four principles:focuse on subject,be accurate,be concise,be words: Medical English research paper;   Title writing;   Rhetorical principle;   Strategy人们读书看报,首先要看的是标题,题目常常能概括地反应文章的内容。题目取得好,简练又吸引人,才会引起读者的兴趣。标题“居文之首,句文之要”,被人们比喻为文章的眼睛。标题在学术论文中同样起着至关重要的作用。随着经济全球化的发展,医学界国际交流活动日趋频繁,在交流活动中起主导作用的学术期刊更加“规范化、标准化”,国内越来越多刊物须附英文标题和摘要。因此,学术论文的标题英译也越来越重要。医学论文题名具有高度概括集中反映文献主题的功能,指导读者查找文献资料的导读功能和信息储存提供编制文献检索的功能[1]。本文主要探讨医学论文英文标题写作中应遵循的主要修辞原则及表达策略,以期更好地发挥学术论文标题的功能,促进学术交流。1  突出主题原则及修辞策略    题名是论文最重要的、浓缩的信息点,是读者最先得到的直接信息,即文章的主要观点和主要论点。因此,标题应简明扼要、重点突出、反映论文主题。根据国际医学期刊编辑委员会制定的《生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求》中对文题的要求:简练和反映论文主题,英文标题应切题准确,反映文章的中心内容,便于索引,利于论文广泛流通。    好的标题不仅能起到“画龙点睛”的作用,还可以提高论文索引的利用价值。通常读者总是先浏览期刊的文章标题,在对其感兴趣后才会通读全文。因此,在标题英译时,应从以下两个方面注意修辞策略:    在信息传递上,要充分反映论文的创新内容,重要内容前置,突出中心;准确使用题名的必要结构要素来完整表达医学文献主题,在医学论文中最常见的结构类型是由研究对象、研究目的和研究方法三要素组成的题名。在表达方式上,多用名词、名词词组、动名词来表达。文字安排应结构合理、选词准确、详略得当,重要的词放在文题的起始,如association, application, determination,effect,detection,establishment等词所引导的短语都是研究的中心内容。2  准确规范原则及修辞策略    准确是修辞的基本原则,也是翻译必须遵循的原则。科技文体写作更应遵循这一原则,因为学术研究特别强调准确,不能模糊不清、模棱两可。措辞准确、表达客观、逻辑严密、行文简洁、词义明确、含义固定是科技文体所共有的文体特征[2]。医学英语除了具备以上特征外,它还有大量的专业词汇、术语以及特定的词汇结构体系、语法规则和语篇结构。因此,在医学论文题名写作时语言表达要合乎医学论文写作的规范标准。论文标题英译要在正确理解原文的基础上进行,必须忠实地传达原文的内容,保持原文的风格。具体可采取以下方法:    首先,格式要求规范。标题译文可采用首字母大写,其余的用小写(首字母缩略词全大写,专有名词的首字母大写);也可采用标题首字母大写,其余实词首字母大写,虚词小写(4个字母以上的介词或连词的首字母大写);排列时可根据具体学术期刊的规范分别采用居中排与左对齐的方式;书名应用斜体表示。    其次,选词应强调专业化。与其它学科的英语术语相比,医学英语术语特征相对明显,专业化是医学英语的一大特色。因此,熟知医学英语术语,选择专业词汇,避免使用通俗语是医学工作者治学严谨的表现。例如,“先天性皮肤并指畸形” 应译为“syndactyly of fingers”而不是“congenital skin webbed fingers”;“大黄”“丹参”分别为“Rhubarb”和 “Salvia miltiorrhiza”,而不是“Da Hunag” 和“Dan Shen”。另一方面,科技英语用词强调词义单一、准确,忌用多义词。根据科技英语的这一修辞特点,在英译时应用词义明确单一的词来代替词义较多的词,如用to transmit, to convert, to obtain, to insert, to consume, to absorb, application, sufficient, superior来替代常用的to send, to change, to get, to put in, to use up, to take in, use, enough, better。    此外,用词要准确。注意不使用非标准化的缩略语,应使用公认的缩略词语、代号、符号、公式等。国际上《核心医学期刊文摘》中,对缩写词的使用非常谨慎,对非公认的缩略词语,第一次出现必须先写全名,缩写附后加括号。如丙型肝炎病人:hepatitis C virus (HCV),维甲酸:all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)。    语言的习惯搭配也是医学论文英语标题写作特征的一种重要表现形式。在英语中,有相当数量的动词、名词、形容词都有其固定的介词搭配,在使用此类词语时一定要多加注意,以避免错误。医学英语标题多采用逻辑动宾关系的名词性组合形式,常见的搭配如:patients with, cases of, operation on, cure for, response to, effect on, research in/into/on, approach to, observation(s) of/on/in, treatment of等等。下面的标题译文很好地说明了正确使用介词搭配能有助于准确明了地反映论文的主题。    例: The acupuncture effect on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris (针疗对冠心病心绞痛患者左心功能状态的影响)    “影响”为中心词,但它在文中的意思为“疗效”,因为“针疗”是一种治疗疾病的方法,“针疗的疗效”可译为“acupuncture effect (on)”。“左心功能状态”是表类属的定语,应紧跟“影响”。“患者patients (with)”修饰“左心功能状态”,“冠心病心绞痛”修饰“患者”。层层修饰关系在译文中均以介词表示,译文准确而明晰。[3]3  简明有效原则及修辞策略    好的标题应是高度概括、言简意赅、便于检索。在完整、准确地概括全文内容的基础上,用尽量少的文字恰当反映所研究的范围和深度,不可夸大其词,以偏概全,也不可缩小研究范围,以偏代全。做到简明有效主要从以下两个方面着手:    在信息处理上,遵循科技写作中语言运用的最小信息差原则以谋求语言运用的最大信息量的输出和最佳交际效果,即“作者应该写的都能写出来,读者对作者所表达的意思都能读明白”[4]。    在选词用语上,文题力求语言精炼,中心词突出,一般在10个单词以内,通常不超过16个单词。标题起始处的冠词“A”“The”可以省略,但文题中间的“the”不能省。采用短语翻译题名,医学论文英语标题采取的主要短语结构有:名词+动词不定式;名词或名词短语+过去分词;现在分词短语;介词短语结构;名词或名词短语+介词短语;以动词形式开始的短语结构等。以短语形式来表达一个句子,结构言简意赅,内部组织严密,而且可以把更多的信息融于一体,使彼此的逻辑关系更明确,表达更细密,更有利于达到交际目的。    由于医学英语要求客观和精确,一些旨在加强语言感染力和宣传效果的修辞格不常见。但是,医学英语强调注重有效的语法和词汇修辞,如英语讲求结构平行对称。论文标题中并列的内容,应注意到语法结构上的对称,即名词与名词并列,动名词与动名词并列,不要混杂使用。例如:The Role of Arthroscopy in Diagnosing and the Treatment of Joint Diseases in Children(关节镜在儿童关节疾病诊治中的作用)宜改为:The Role of Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Joint Diseases in Children。修改后两个动名词并列,既简化了文字,符合修辞原则,而且还更为醒目。平行结构的使用可以增强修辞效果,不仅使主题更加突出,而且还富有美感,引起读者兴趣。请看下面两个例子:例1:“Clinical, physiological, and radiological study of a new purpose-designed artificial bowel sphincter”例2:“Socioeconomic status,standard of living,and neurotic disorder”例1中3个形容词平行排列加强了语音的节奏感,也明确了与中心词的修饰关系,既美观又醒目;例2中的3个并列名词短语排列有序、结构工整、逻辑关系明确,读者能很快抓住论文的中心。4  得体原则及修辞策略    一个修辞行为的有效性,还取决于它是否合乎语体的规范,是否符合言语交际环境的规定,是否符合社会交往的礼仪,是否符合文化的习俗,是否符合双方的审美倾向。[5]如用戏曲语体撰写科技论文是不得体的。科技论文的行文要符合科技文体的特点,保持文体的严肃性,是为得体。医学论文的英语题名写作与翻译要求标题与论文的内容协调一致,包括风格的一致,语言表达应符合英语习惯。因此,在医学论文标题英译时,要考虑其语法、修辞特点,尽可能体现出英语的固有风格,避免中式英语的弊病。下面介绍几种表达得体的主要修辞策略。    英文标题的写作可以不拘一格,但应突出主题,服从英语的表达习惯,避免使用中国式的英语表达形式。比如,汉语医学论文标题中常常出现“初探”、“探讨”、“经验”、“体会”等词以示谦逊,而在国外的医学刊物中使用带有“浅谈”“初探”这类句式的题名会被认为所论述的内容没有多大参考价值,缺乏严肃性。这是因为欧美人认为科技论文应立足于事实材料,不必谦虚客套。    汉语论文主标题与副标题之间一般用破折号,而英文的主标题与副标题之间通常用冒号表示。病例数在汉语中一般放在正标题中,在英语中大多放在副标题中,如:Post transfusion hepatitis: A report of 60 cases (输血后肝炎60例报告)。    由于受汉语语法的限制和语言习惯的影响,在中文标题中常含有“……的研究”和“……的观察”等词语,题名英译时应省略“Regarding …”、“Observation(s) of …”、“Investigation of …”、“Studies on …”、“Research(es) on …”、“Some thoughts on …”、“Introduction to …”等冗余套语,使之更简洁且符合英语的表达习惯。    名词化结构较多地使用抽象名词表达动作和状态,这也是英语表达和汉语表达上的主要差别之一。在汉语中用行为动词表达的意思在英语中多转换为名词。英汉语的用词顺序有很大的不同。在汉语中,定语置于中心词之前,而在英语中,“中心词+后置定语”的结构应用非常广泛。例如:葡萄糖在体外和体内对神经细胞瘤的疗效:Effect of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in Vivo;心脏病患者肌酐激酶同功酶的测定:Detection of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes Inheart Disease;严重脑外伤患者大断面骨折接骨时间选择:Timing of Osteosynthesis of Major Fracture in Patients with Severe Brain Injury。    总之,标题在论文中起着至关重要的作用。论文的标题应能准确地概括论文的内容,提纲挈领、点明主题、吸引读者、便于检索。要写好译好英文标题,作者不仅要有严谨的治学态度,还要掌握专业英语知识,熟悉医学英语文体的写作特点,熟记常用的句式结构及英语习惯表达方法,在正确理解论文主旨的基础上,力求重点突出,行文准确、规范、简洁、得体。

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浅谈智能大厦保安监控系统_碧森尤信_建筑设计_建筑中文网本文较详细地阐述了智能大厦保安系统的作用、组成以及实花,并提出了设计、选型中应注意的问题。论文首页法律论文会计论文金融论文建筑论文医学论文计算机论文免费法律论文免费会计论文市场营销论文毕业论文教育论文德育论文党校论文MBA咨讯竞职演讲入党申请书述职述廉报告免费建筑论文人力资源论文免费论文开题报告工作总结MBA论文社会实践英语学习职业经理人个人求职简历免费计算机论文企业管理论文学生评语思想汇报个人总结述职报告述廉报告竞聘演讲个人简历项目经理论文期末学生评语网站导航论文首页英语学习教育论文年终总结毕业论文思想汇报免费论文入党转正法律论文入党自传建筑论文入党申请书金融论文述廉报告会计论文述职报告MBA论文MBA咨讯教学论文学生评语计算机论文德育论文免费会计论文师德论文免费法律论文医学论文免费建筑论文党校论文人力资源论文竞职演讲市场营销论文竞聘演讲职业经理论文任职演讲企业管理论文个人总结免费计算机论文工作总结三个代表论文开题报告社会实践论文当前位置:免费论文《免费建筑论文浅谈智能大厦保安监控系统——[摘要]本文较详细地阐述了智能大厦保安系统的作用、组成以及实花,并提出了设计、选型中应注意的问题。[关键词]智能大厦保安监控保安监控系统集成1智能大厦保安监控系统的概念保安监控系统的作用随着我国改革开放的推进,一批批适合信息社会需要并且具有安全、高效、舒适、便利和灵活特点的智能大厦拔地而起。为了防止各种偷盗和暴力事件的发生和危害,确保大厦的安全,生命和财产不受损害,智能保安系统的设置是必要的。随着科技的发展,新的犯罪手段对保安系统也提出了新的要求,在信息时代的今天,对钱、财物、人身安全的保护是一方面,而对储存在计算机里的大量的重要文件、数据,更需要保护。在一个智能化大厦内,不仅对外部人员要防范,对内部人员也需要加强管理;对某些重要的地点、物品,以及重要的人物也需要特殊的保护。因此,对现代化的大厦,需要设置多层次、立体化的保安系统。保安监控系统的等级确定防护等级(1)相关规范《安全防范工程程序和要求》GA/T75一94《安全防范系统通用图形符号》GA/74一94《民用闭路监视电视系统工程技术规范》GB50198-94根据上述规范,结合安全防范的风险状况和工程实际情况,从而综合确定安全系统达到的防护等级。(2)安全技防系统的种类周界报警系统;玻璃破碎报警装置组成的大厦外墙的警戒系统;电视监控系统(图像复核系统);入侵移动探测报警系统;音频监听系统(声音复核系统);强光照明系统;(3)安全防范等级及主要配置(按四级划分)A.四级防护安全防范系统营业场所(指银行)的门、窗应设开关式报警装置(如门磁开关);设置手动或脚踏式紧急报警装置和联动警铃;报警信号应送保安值班室及附近公安机关。B.三级防护安全防范系统与四级防范系统装置相同;设置空间立体防范系统:设空间(室内与走廊)入侵探测器;中心控制设备具有监昕复核(录音)功能,记录报警发生的时间、士也点;对营业室、主通道设电视监控报警系统与公安报警台联网。C.二级防护安全防范系统与三级防范系统装置相同;电视监控设备具有自动、手动切换功能,多画面显示功能;对于实行柜员制的营业场所,应设一对一的摄录像装置;密码控制由专人操作报警系统的启停、布防、撤防、旁路、复位等;控制中心设备具有有线、无线及其互转换功能,保证报警信号准确且送往有关接警部门;有条件的营业场所设人口控制系统,实行信息卡出入(门禁系统)。D.一级防护安全防范系统所选探测器应有两种及以上不同探测技术组成的入侵探测系统;营业场所营业期长时录像。遇突发事件时,应自动启动照明、录音、录像;统);设出入口控制系统,通过信息卡对主要分区的人员分级、分档管理;中央控制室应能在接受报警信号同时立即识别部位、,性质(抢劫、盗窃、火灾、故障等),且在屏幕上显示、打印、记录、存储报警时间、地点、性质及处置预案;其余与二级防范系统相同。保安监控系统的层次(1)外部入侵保护:此部分是预防外部无关人员侵入,需相应设置周界、门窗、通道、出入口等的报警、复核等处置措施,防罪犯于区域之外。(2)区域保护:此道防线是探测非法入侵此区域者,把信息送往监控中心,中心作出处理。(3)目标保护:这道防线是对特定目标的保护,如保险柜及重要房间。2保安系统的结构在科技发达的今天,再不仅仅是加锁、站岗、放哨等的传统防范设施。锁无论怎么坚固总可以被打开,精神抖擞的哨兵也有打盹儿的时候。在今天,利用现代计算机技术、现代通信技术、现代控制技术和现代图形显示技术(即4C技术)制造出智能防盗保安系统,各子系统独立发挥其功能,同时子系统间又集成为一个防范统二体,从而确保大厦的安全,营造一个极好的工作、生活环境。出入口控制控制原理所谓的出入口控制就是对出人口的管理,该系统控制各类人员的出人以及他们在相关区域的行动,通常被称作门禁系统。其控制的原理是:按照人的活动范围,预先制作出各种层次的卡,或预定密码。在相关的大门出入口、金库门、档案室门、电梯门等处安装磁卡识别器或密码键盘,用户持有效卡或密码方能通过或进入。由读卡机阅读卡片密码,经解码后送控制器判断,如符合,门锁被开启,否则报警。持卡方式的特点(1)卡的密码可随时从系统中取消,不怕丢失,不怕带走。(2)卡的密码带有时间性,可预先设定有效时段。(3)持卡人在所有出入口的活动都被计算机记录在案,可随时打印、分析。(4)节省管理人员。使用计算机管理系统,在控制室就可以控制全部出入口。这样,不仅提高效益,节省人力,也避免了人为的失误、提高了保安效果。门禁系统的种类有光学卡、磁矩阵卡、磁码卡、条码卡、红外线卡、铁码卡、感应式卡,以及生物辨别系统,如指纹机、掌纹机、视网膜辨识机、声音辨识机等等。从接触卡到非接触卡,从l00mm到几千mm的感应卡均被广泛采用。上述各种卡对应着各种门禁机,门禁机主要有联网型和非联网型(独立型)。有单门门禁机,也有双门及四门、八门的门禁机。这使得门禁的应用非常灵活。配合门禁机还有门磁开关和按钮等。若干门禁机与门禁系统的从门控制器与主门控制器相连。门禁机和门控制器内部由计算机控制,门禁机所需电源常为DC12V,由门控制器提供,一般在控制器附近都设有电源AC220V50Hz/门禁系统设置部位对于综合性智能大厦而言,设置部位大致有:各重要办公室、金库、银行营业室、中央控制室、各通信、弱电机房等。防盗报警系统防盗报警器的作用防盗报警系统就是用探测器对建筑物内外重点区域、重要地点布防,在探测到非法入侵者时,信号传输到报警控制器:声光报警,显示地址,有关值班人员接到报警后,根据情况采取措施,以控制事态的发展。防盗报警系统除上述报警功能外,尚有联动功能。诸如:开启报警现场灯光(含红外灯)、联动音视频矩阵控制器、开启报警现场摄像机进行严视,电视矩阵控制器一系列联控:使监视器显示图像、录像机录像、多媒体控制器自动或人工操作等等这一切都可对报警现场进行声音、图像等进行复核,从而确定报警的性质(非法入侵、火灾、故障等),以采取有效措施。系统的构成智能建筑的防盗报警系统,负责建筑内各个点、线、面和区域的侦测任务。它一般由探测器、区域控制器和报警控制中心三部分组成。(1)探测器探测器负责探测人员的非法入侵,有异常情况发出声光报警,同时向区域报警器发送信息。开关:开关是基本、简单、经济而有效的探测器。常用的有:微动开关、磁簧开关两种。线路连接分常开、常闭二种。开关的闭合或开断,使电路导通启动警报。光束遮断式探测器:目前用得较多得是红外对射式,它由红外线发射器和接收器组成。当罪犯跨越门窗或其它防护区时,遮断红外光而弓|发报警。为确保此类探测器的准确需配置频率和相位鉴别电路。热感式红外探测器:也称被动式立体红外线探测器。它是利用人体温度来进行探测的。众所周知,任何物体,因表面温度不同,会发出强弱不等的红外线,即辐射出的红外线波长不同。人体所辐射波长约10μm,这一特性被用来制造热感式红外探测器。其中焦电式具有最佳的灵敏度和响应速度。故目前用得较普遍。其上设有7~15问n波长的带通滤波器。以屏蔽非人体红外波,确保报警准确。微波物体移动探测器:利用微波设备对移动物体(含人)发射和反射频差的多谱勒效应,即可探测出人的入侵。超声波物体移动探测器:与微波移动探测器类似,但波长有差别,超声波频率常在20KHz以上。侦光式移动探测器:必须在有光线的环境中才能使用,其原理是利用二个光电池组成差动探测装置,能探测出周围光线的微量变化。玻璃破碎探测器:它是利用压电式拾音器,装在面对玻璃面的位置,它对玻璃高频声有效检测、报警,已广泛用于门窗防护上。还有其它一些类型探测器,此处从略。(2)区域报警器通常一台区域报警器能容纳8个回路的输入信号,经处理,信号送往电视监控系统的视频矩阵切换控制器,以实现联动控制。在一般的系统中,区域报警器≤8台,即≤64个回路,当多于64个回路时,需改用微机控制的报警系统。(3)报警控制中心报警控制中心,通常和电视监控中心合设。其功能是通过控制键盘查看系统工作情况,突发事件的报警可在监视屏上自动弹出报警部位,并记录时间和地址。目前,部份产品在中心设报警输入卡,容量为128路/块,根据需要可增高至2048个点。报警插入卡与C C T V控制器的连接是RS232口。闭路电视监视系统在保安系统中越来越多的应用电视监控系统。它使管理人员在控制室便能看到大厦内外重要地点情况,给保安系统提供视觉效果,为消防、楼内各机电设备的运行及人员活动提供了监视手段。闭路电视监视系统的基本结构依功能基本结构可分为:摄像、传输、控制和显示与记录四部分。(1)摄像机摄像机是监视系统的重要部件。而大量采用电荷稠合式CCD(charge一cowpled device)摄像机。摄像机色彩有黑白与彩色之分。根据用途和经济状况选取其一。摄像机的靶面大小用1/3、1/2、2/3寸来表示。在选镜头时要注意配合二者的尺寸。摄像机有PAL、NTSCK和SECAM三大制式,中国选用PAL制式。选取摄像机时,还需考虑照度要求,如需要可选取红外灯饰。(2)镜头设计中镜头的选择同摄像机的选择是同等重要的。选择镜头的依据是观察的视野和亮度变化的范围,同时兼顾CCD摄像机的尺寸,它们之间的关系是:视野决定用定焦距还是变焦距的镜头,定焦距取多大焦距,变焦距选择什么范围,亮度的变化决定是否使用自动光圈镜头。清晰度:是镜头的重要指标。想成像清晰,则分辩率要高,即在单位长度上能分辨的黑白条纹数大,一般用公式求得:N=180/h N——镜头分辨率(对线/厘米)h——画幅格式的高度(厘米)通常1/2“画幅(mm2)N=38对线/mm h=“画幅(mm2)N=50对线/mm h=镜头的尺寸:目前有1、2/3、1/2、1/3和1/4寸等。一般镜头与摄像机同尺寸或镜头尺寸大于摄像机尺寸。焦距:镜头的焦距和摄像机靶面大小决定了视角。靶面(摄像机靶面)一定,焦距短,则视野大,焦距大,则视野小。用w·h分别表示CCD靶面的宽度、高度,f为镜头的焦距,那么可求得视角值。Qh=2tan-l(w/2f)(0)水平视角Qv=2tan-l(h/2f)(0)垂直视角光通量F:光通量指示光线入镜头的多少,是焦距与通光孔径的比值F=f/φF光通量(无量纲);f一焦距(mm);φ——通光孔径(mm),镜头规格中常标注最大F值,如6m m/,此镜头通光孔径为.光线变化较大场合(如室外)需自动光圈镜头。总之影响摄像效果的有六大因素:被摄物尺寸、被摄物细尺寸、被摄物与摄像机镜头的距离、摄像镜头的焦距、光学接收器的尺寸(靶尺寸)、镜头及摄像系统的分辨率。设计中要综合考虑。(3)信号传输视频信号的传输:传输方式有一般同轴电缆、平衡对电缆、电缆电视同轴电缆、光缆、电话线等,国产SYV-75-2~75一33-2的波阻抗为750,电容不大于76PF/m,30MHz时的衰减不大于.控制信号的传输:控制中心要对现场的设备进行控制,一般都通过设备解调器进行。常用的控制方式有:通信编码的控制方式和同轴视控。前者是把控制信号串行编码:用单根线路传送多路控制信号。其控制距离可达1km,如中间加放大处理,可达10km以上,如利用光缆,则距离会更远。后种方式即同轴视频控制方式,这种方式是视频和控制信号复用一条同轴电缆。此种方式也有二种办法,其一,是把控制信号调制在与视频信号(50Hz~4MHz)不同的主页率范围,然后与视频信号复合在一起传输,到现场再把它们分解开(解调)。其二,是利用视频信号场消隐期间传送控制信号。目前使用第一种。(4)显示与记录此类设备包括监视器、录像机及视频处理设备,这些设备都安装于控制室内。目前监视系统专用录像机用普通带l80分钟可录如,最长可达960h.除了长时外,录像机还需遥控功能,能用控制信号操作录像机。(5)视频切换器视频切换器的使用,可用少量监视器看多个监视点,目前设备有几路输入,1路输出,还有几路输入,m路输出,这极大地提高了监视器的效率。还有多画面分割器二在一台监视器上同时可观看多路监视信号,此技术在控制中心也被普遍采用。停车场管理系统的保安功能一般的智能大厦地下室均设有停车场,对停车场进行自动化管理是必要的,停车场管理系统的功能大致有:出、人口控制、泊车位导向、摄录车辆外形、特征、牌号、记时收费。其中车牌影像识别系统具有保安功能,它可防止偷车事件发生。当用户人场取票或使用月票、储值票时,电脑会通过人口处的摄像机,将车型、车牌号码的彩像记录,同时也记录下该入场票或月票、储值票的编号。当用户离场付费或验票时,电脑会自动将该车编号票证持有者拥有的车辆的车牌、车型等与在入场时留下的录像的车牌、车型等同时显示在显示屏和闭路电视监视器上,工作人员确认后,自动开启闸门放行,同时这些图像存入计算机硬盘备查。电梯控制系统的保安功能对于高层或超高层,电梯控制系统的保安管理显得重要。某种程度上涉及到全大厦的安全。保安功能:电梯楼层控制系统。大厦的电梯根据需要设置时段管理,如下班后某些电梯停止运行,而另一些电梯按需要运行。在运行的电梯中并非各层都停,而是根据持有有效卡所前往的楼层停,这部分电梯设有智慧卡读卡器,经读卡器识别有效卡,电梯送达相关楼层。无有效卡者,电梯不予开门,这便有效的控制了楼层人员的活动空间。从而确保大厦安全。巡更管理系统智能大厦根据需要设置巡更管理系统。其作用是保安人员定点定时前往巡视,把“巡视到位”信号送回保安中心,以示巡更路途平安无事,若“巡视到位,,信号未按时按点返回,则巡视途中即有突发事件发生,保安中心将据此采取措施。巡更系统就是将巡更开关安装在指定的巡更点上。通常设置门禁机来满足巡更的要求。3智能大厦保安系统的具体实施保安系统的实施,首先应根据相关规范及大厦功能要求确定安全防范等级,在此基础上,布置安防系统现场设施,确定规模、选型、安装调试、15f丁。门禁系统门禁机(读卡器)的设置根据需要在门外设置(含房间、楼梯间、通道等)距地~选型一般为感应卡式,根据重要性可选指纹型或瞌孔型门禁机,可双面门禁,也可单面门禁(室内设出门按钮)。从控制器门禁机和门禁主机的连接设备,根据需要从控制器可连一、二、四、八个门禁机。从控制器电源设备选定:AC220V50Hz/DC12V,主控制器主控制器由计算机硬件和软件组成,安装于中央控制室。其中包含各种控制扩展板,遥控程序设置器,机上显示板,数据存储转移模块等。巡更系统读卡器读卡器(读头)就是门禁机(巡更开关)。此部分可纳入门禁系统一并设置。电梯门禁系统前已述及,在部分电梯设置读卡器,持有效卡可前往相关楼层。特别说明(1)智能大厦可实行-卡通门禁管理,还可进入-卡通消费系统。(2)门统应能在火灾时自动开启相应的门。可利用火灾联控装置来完成此功能。防盗报警系统各种探测器的设置根据需要把防盗双鉴探测器、被动红外束射探测器、玻璃破碎探测器、各种开关等布置于大厦出入口、楼梯间、电梯厅、需要防护的门窗、重要办公室、重要机房等场所。按照不同的布设环境选择不同报警器和安装方式(如壁挂、吸顶)。声音复核装置的设置在需要声音复核的场所设置微型监听器(电子监听器),一般采取壁挂方式距地2m左右,监听器与音频矩阵箱间线路多为二芯屏蔽对绞线,如RVVP2×.在控制中心设有音频矩阵箱,该箱与视频切换/控制主机间采用RS485接口,采用对绞线RVVP2×连接。报警控制中心设置在小容量系统(路数≤64):通常按分区设置八路报警接口箱,八台箱使回路可达64个。报警头与报警接口箱间,通常为3芯屏蔽线,RVVP3×.报警接口箱与视频切换/控制主机间采用RS-485串行接口,对绞线RVVP2×.当系统≥64回路时,有两种解决方案:其一:选择大容量系统,该系统配置128路报警输入卡,系统容纳8~16台报警输入卡,则容量可达2048路报警。如还不够,可多系统组合。其二:采用门禁/报警管理系统。系统参数:持卡人数65000;门禁机16320;报警防区(路数)130560;报警输出130560;本地打印机225台;报警状态屏1020个;且支持计算机间加密传输技术……。各设备间连接方式为RS-232/RS一485接口,对绞屏蔽线RVVP2×闭路电视监视系统的设置摄像机的设置根据不同环境选定不同摄像机以及不同的安装方式,如摄像机是黑白的还是彩色的,镜头配置的选择,焦距多大范围,自动调焦、光圈、聚焦是手动调节,固定焦距,摄像和镜头尺寸的配合,是否设置云台,安装方式的确定,是否选择球型、半球型摄像机(尺寸的确定),在大厅和电梯轿厢内选择广角镜头,摄像机防护罩的选取、照明灯具的选取等都随功能的不同而异。摄像机(含镜头)的控制:由控制器解码器完成。解码器因功能不同而种类很多,但都是在接收矩阵主机传来的信号后去遥控云台,镜头和辅助设备的动作。解码器与矩阵/控制主机间的连接有二种方式:“C‘,型(同轴控制)和”D型“(对绞线控制)。前面已述及,同轴控制”C?quot;因设备造价高昂而应用较少。对绞线控制“D型”,即RS485方式可控距离达3km.且这种方式可用于光纤、微波以及其它传送方式。特别提示:保安监控系统的线路因现场设备安装位置一般是在走廊、大厅和房间的上部,有的紧贴吊顶,而且同轴电缆和对绞线也较便宜L运行管理独立,所以一般不宜与大厦综合布线电缆合用。当然其它数据、图像的传输就另当别论了。中央控制室的设置为了保安工作的方便,一般中央控制室随保卫部门设于大厦首层。其设备主要包括:视频矩阵切换/控制主机,报警接口箱,音频矩阵箱,字符发生器,录像机,主控键盘,副控键盘,音视频监视设备,多媒体终端以及电源设备等。视频矩阵切换/控制主机,目前有各种输入/输出规格,如8×2,8×4,16×6,96×8,还有视频96人/8出,音频96入/8出一64路报警8控制键盘等。特大型系统有视频4096入/4096出一报警2048路,32台键盘的切换/控制主机。在设计和安装实施中,根据需要留有余量,设置规模,选定设备。视频主控制器根据报警系统输入信号,完成云台控制,摄像机移动控制,灯光控制,镜头的控制,以及联动音视频监视器、录像机等等。门禁系统通过网关接人主机形成防盗报警、电视监控、出入口控制三合一的集成系统。借助于多媒体技术一声、图并茂的信息传播能力与计算机的交互性相结合的技术,使智能大厦的保安系统智能化,从而确保大厦的安全。上述设备有机结合,一般将音视频监视器设于“电视墙”,其余集中设于控制台上。控制室的面积由系统规模确定,电源可靠,能温湿度控制,地面设防静电活动地板。更多关于工程/服务/采购类的标书代写制作,提升中标率,您可以点击底部官网客服免费咨询:

医学论文英语答辩讲座视频

楼上说的比较详细了,再稍微补充一些。专业是健康科学管理,Health Sciences (management). 性质属于自费留学,去不去也是自愿,只不过是两校间有个合作项目,手续什么的走起来相当方便。关于学校和专业的实力,中等偏上吧,不算太优秀。第一批出国的是我同班同学,跟他们聊天感觉褒贬不一,把优缺点给你稍微总结一下吧。最大的优点就是节省时间!医学英语本科学制5年,如果走这个项目的话可以提前一个学期出国,就是本科学到四年半的时候(大五第一学期之后的那个寒假)就可以出国了,我同学们就是今年1月份走的。然后英国硕士研究生的学制就是1年,这样到12月底就毕业了。虽然根据英国的相关规定要到来年6月份才能拿到毕业证学位证什么的,但是学校在12月份已经可以给你开具证明,不影响找工作。而普通在国内的研究生要到毕业之后才入学,一般是3年,少数2年,没有一年滴!这样一来我出国的同学们在像我这样在国内读研的同学上学半年之后,研究生就毕业了……这个是最让我眼馋的一点!再有一个相当明显的优点就是手续简单!无论从本校还是诺大方面,校方需要的手续方面那是一路大开绿灯,可以说完全没有阻碍。再加上都是很多学生一起,有集团作战优势,就是到外面办手续一般也不会遇到什么麻烦。这个相对于一般自己找学校那省心的不是一点儿半点儿。最起码自己发简历找offer方面就省了。我同学第一次走的时候不放心,签证时还找了中介,也是诺大那面介绍的,收费也尽量压低了,不过实践证明,好像不用也没什么问题。不用中介的话也省一大笔钱。再一个优点就是可以去读研的条件比较低。本校这方面是专四或专八过了,英国那便是雅思就行了。专四专八这个也是拿学位证的基本条件,一般不会有人两次专四两次专八都不过的。雅思是英国统一规定,一般过了专四专八这个也没问题。如果达不到也不是完全不能去,只不过要根据你的成绩在正式入学之前读一段时间的预科。6分读6周,好像是2个月吧,记不太清了。英国都有规定的,可以具体查。满足了这个语言条件,其他可以说没有障碍了。基本上属于能出钱就能去的,对于一些成绩不是太优秀的同学来说比较有益。申请国外的研究生文科是基本没有奖学金的,而且对成绩要求很高,自己申请的话既要成绩好又要超有钱才行。我班一非常优秀的男同学自己申请到了哥伦比亚大学,要70多万呢。学费上号称有优惠,不过据我观察诺大方面其实也都是最大限度的利用了英国政府的相关规定,没有其他特别的优惠。本校这方面倒是有一些优惠。由于同学在学校少读一个学期,学校会以出国留学专项奖学金的形式奖励3000,其实也就是把半年的学费退给你。学费情况我同学是6000+英镑,再加生活费一年下来简朴一点10万出头就能搞定了吧,当初是按20万准备的。按照英国的规定,他的学费是要每年上浮一些的,所以若干年后肯定要贵一些,再加上我同学走的时候那是英镑汇率最低点,还不到10,光是换汇就比最高16的时候省了三分之一还多呢。当时是经济危机最严重的时候,所以这个例子基本不可复制。不过估计有20万左右应该还是可以的,比一般的自费出国还是要便宜不少呢。再有一个,是听同学说的,还不知道是不是真的。就是户口问题。如果你是外地生源,从北京出国,你的户口放到出国留学服务中心,那么你如果毕业之后回国工作,只要有北京的单位接受你,不管这个单位本身可不可以解决户口,你都可以在北京落户,也就是说拿北京户口。这点如果是真的,对外地学生也是个不小的诱惑啊。我班一同学本来就没打算出国,最近也是听说了这个事情,开始考虑出国的事情了。毕竟这个项目走起来相当容易,价格一般家庭也能负担得起。就当花钱买个硕士学位加户口感觉也挺赚的。剩下的就是国外毕竟和国内不一样,出国去开开眼也好。下面再谈谈不好的地方吧。国外的环境特别宽松。我跟人觉得挺好的,但对于大多数中国学生来说多少都会有些不适应,学习啊什么的那是完全靠自己,换句话说,学不学的到东西那也是完全自己的。你自己不会学不善于学,就是到了再有名的名校也没用!我同学的第一学期,每周3节课,其他全自由支配,如果你自律性不强,跑到哪去就说不定了。另外,虽然说课程少,但是课前准备材料,课后延伸材料还有结课的论文什么的,量可一点也不少,如果真想好好学习的话也能累个半死。我个人觉得,从这个专业本身来说,无论在国外还是国内,都没什么竞争优势。看这个专业名字就知道是个医疗卫生管理类的专业,最对口的工作也就是卫生管理部门的工作吧。外国人留在英国做这种工作可能性不大吧。现在也是经济情况不好,我同学找兼职只能找志愿者去体验生活了,带薪的兼职根本找不到。那个男同学还能找个运货的体力活,有一些收入,女同学根本没有兼职收入的,毕业了要想留下那更是难。估计过几年经济好一些情况会好些吧,虽然我觉得想留在那边还是不太容易,至少兼职收入还是应该能保证的。再说在国内,我们的医疗体系跟人家的完全不一样,这个专业学出来,个人感觉,有点儿英雄无用武之地啊~~~找工作还是找不到对口的。还有一个,如果要回国来找工作的话,有些地方对英国的研究生是不太认可的。英国硕士研究生只读1年,有人觉得学制太短,质量不行,还不如在国内读3年的研究生呢。差不多就这些了吧,貌似写的有点偏多,见谅哈~~不过都是我个人和我同学的一些感受。希望对你能有帮助。其实毕业出国和找工作一样,都需要好好考虑的,尤其是到国外去,钱又多又没有家人照顾,更要好好考虑。我当初高考选专业的时候,也是一眼就看见了可以出国,然后就自己蹦过来了。现在已经毕业了,我还是选择留在了国内,楼主还是根据自己的实际情况多加考虑吧。建议你不要只因为一个可不可以出国就做决定吧,还是多看看医学英语这个专业本身,你学起来是不是合适,以及以后的就业情况什么的,综合考虑吧。毕竟出国留学是要在本科学业完成后,到时候什么样还说不准呢,而且也是毕业之后众多选择其中之一。无论走到哪里,好好学习知识和努力锻炼各方面能力才是王道!

首先就是要穿着比较得体,千万不要穿着特别的随意。再就是出发的时候一定要准备好相关的材料,千万不要落下相应的东西,而且要提前到场。当然,最重要的一点就是提问的时候,千万不要主动去抢别人的话。一定要等别人说完之后再去回答。

问题一:通过论文答辩用英语怎么说 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 问题二:“如顺利通过论文答辩”用英文怎么说? 如顺利通过论文答辩 If the oral defense goes *** ooth, If I can pass the oral defense successfully, 问题三:“论文答辩”,“答辩论文”英语怎么说? the oral defense for a thes贰s the defensed thesis 问题四:博士学位答辩或论文答辩英语怎么说? plea to Doctor's degree 或者 oral defense of Doctor's degree oral defense of thesis 问题五:国内毕业答辩的“答辩”,英文怎么表达 动词用 defend,名词用 defence。 问题六:“论文答辩”英语怎么说? 5分 oral defense 或者说thesis defense 问题七:毕业答辩,用英语怎么翻译?谢谢 Graduation defence oral defence of Ph绩 口语的话常说viva

我有个同学第一志愿填的就是这个 不过他应该不打算出国 你最好还是打电话到那个学校问清楚吧

医学论文英语演讲视频大全

用P2P软件下载另外,条件允许的话,可以装个锅,有专门的频道~希望有用

去PubMed检索,列表后面有fulltext提示,部分新发布的论文免费提供全文。旧刊全文收费不便宜,一篇几美金到20多美金不等。

hello,everyone!today I would like to tell you something about is the most important thing in the world? I think it is health. You can take away our money, house, car, or even our clothes and we can survive. But if our health was taken away, we would surely order to stay healthy,measures should be taken as soon as far as I am concerned, we should eat more vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins. Besides, regular exercise is an important part of keeping healthy. What's more,keep a good mood could contributes to our mental is what I want to wish all of you could lead a healthy life.

英文的演讲稿篇一 :英文论文演讲稿

1、hello everyone!

today i will introduce you a paper, which is called “effects of corporate governance on capital structure: empirical evidence from pakistan “

2、i will use the following four parts to introduce

3、i got this paper from the emerald reprints the world’s leading publisher of management research and the type of the paper is research paper

纳迪姆阿麦的sheke

4、then we can have a simple knowledge of the two authors:nadeem ahmed sheikh and 王宗军 one is a doctoral degree candidate in the school of management, hua zhong university of science and technology, wuhan .the other is a professor in this college

5. about the paper’s outline

firstly the aim of this empirical study is to investigate whether corporate governance attributes affect capital structure choices of pakistani firms

then the design of the paper is multiple regression analysis

6、in order to have a good knowledge of the paper we can from the following three aspects to

the attributes of the corporate governance are background also includes :measures of corporate governance and their relation to capital structure

8、research design

firstly methodology:it includes three aspects: data variables and methodology date: this study investigates the significant corporate governance attributes that may affect the capital structure of non-financial firms listed on the karachi stock exchange pakistan during 2004-2008. and the final sample set consists of 775 observations for 155 firms over a period of five years.

this study employed panel data methodology(面板数据方式) because sample contained data across firms and over time

9、this table is the definition of variables. it includes three parts:

10. dependent variables consist of total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio. this is a basic formula.

12、this table is the yearly mean value of shareholding pattern

13、here are some of regression analysis tables, through the multiple regression analysis the paper gives the conclusions

14、the results is as follows:

capital structure is positively related to board size、outside directors and ownership concentration. that is to say: a large board serve as a means to obtain support from external environment;

boards with more independent directors can take on more debt on favorable terms due to effective monitoring ;

block holders have more ability than dispersed shareholders to force management to take those actions that maximize the shareholder wealth.

15、on the other hand, capital structure is negative related to managerial ownership、director remuneration 、profitability and liquidity.

16、in the end, i have a summary:

the results of the paper indicate that corporate governance attributes, in part, explicate the financing behavior of pakistani firms

and, the empirical results of this study provide support to corporate managers in establishing an optimal capital structure, and to regulatory authorities for enacting laws and developing institutional support to make corporate governance mechanisms work more effectively in the country.

17、thats all, thank you for listen to me, if you are interested in this paper you can have a study after class

thank you !

篇二:英语论文演讲稿

my paper is revenge tragedy in english renaissance——about 《hamlet》 ppt1:.... ppt2:....

ppt3:....

ppt4:next, let`s analyse the relationship between the characters in the drama. this is a relationship diagram.

hamlet ,the prince of denmark and also the protagonist(主角、主要人物、领导者)was about thirty years old at the start of the play. hamlet is the son of queen gertrude and the late king hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, claudius. hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle’s scheming and disgust for his mother’s sexuality. a reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the university of wittenberg, hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts.

哈姆雷特 prince hamlet —— 丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰,要对杀父凶手复仇。经历了痛苦的挣扎之后他达成了目的,整个王宫也陷入了死亡的恐怖之中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。

claudius, as the king of denmark, hamlet’s uncle and the villain(反派角色) of the play, was a calculating, ambitious politician,and was driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally showed signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for gertrude, for instance, seems sincere.

克劳迪斯 claudius —— 丹麦现任国王。他是哈姆雷特的叔父,在哥哥死后继任了王位。老国王的鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特,他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得,最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。

鬼魂 king hamlet (ghost) —— 哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成的鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时,哈姆雷特正在国外。

ophelia - polonius’s daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom hamlet has been in love. ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, laertes. dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to polonius’s schemes(诡计) to spy(侦察) on hamlet. even in her lapse into(陷入) madness and death, she remains maiden, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river。

欧菲莉 ophelia—— 波洛涅斯的女儿。她与哈姆雷特双双陷入爱河,但种种阻力警告王子,政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分,她被他无情抛弃,加上父亲的死让她陷入精神错乱,最终失足落水溺毙。

ppt6: then let`s look at the character analysis of hamlet. hamlet pretended to be mad in order to revenge. he also use his intelligence to approve his uncle`s guilt.

when hamlet confirmed that claudius was guilt, he decided to revenge without fear. then he also use stratagem to make himself avoid being killed. all of these approved that he was brave and smart.

ppt7: he pursued ophelia and finally gave up because of the revenge. before he was fight with laertes, he said sorry to him. this indicates he was guilt and sorry for laertes because it was he that made laertes lose his father. these approved that he was a kind and sincere man.

ppt8:.....

ppt9: when we read the play, we can also easily feel the dilemma. just like the words “to be or not to be-that is the question”

ppt10:.....

ppt11:......

篇三:如何写好英文演讲稿

从很多方面来说,写演讲稿就像写论文,但演讲稿却没有像论文那般特别注重单词的拼写与标点的错误。写演讲稿的时候,不要用一些发音不顺畅或是你不明白意思的单词,因为会导致你的演讲不够流畅。

instructions 说明

how much time your speech should take. if you dont have a time limit, try to keep your speech brief yet informative.

估算自己演讲所需的时间。如果没有演讲上的时间限制,就尽量让你的演讲篇幅简短且内容丰富。

about your audience and let your perception of the audience shape the tone of your speech as you write it.

站在听众的角度多想想,当你撰写演讲稿时,你要让观众也能在演讲稿中切身体会你的演讲魅力。

with an introduction that establishes who you are, what your purpose is, what youll be talking about and how long youre going to take. you may want to include a joke, anecdote or interesting fact to grab the audiences attention.

先介绍自己,以表述演讲目的、演讲主题和演讲时长作为开端。在这段话中,你要说一个笑话、奇闻奇事或趣事来直接引起听众的`注意。

your information into three to seven main points and prioritize them according to importance and effectiveness.

用3-7条大纲组织演讲内容信息,并根据重要性和有效性分清要点主次。

5. points that arent crucial to your speech if you have too many for your time frame.

假如时间不允许,你可以删减一些演讲中不重要的点。

with your most important point, then go to your least important point and move slowly back toward the most important. for example, if you have five points with no. 5 being the most important and no. 1 being the least important, your presentation order would be

5-1-2-3-4. 从最重要的一点开始你的演讲,之后到次重要点,然后再慢慢回到最重要点上。例如,你的演讲稿中有5点要讲,第5点是其中的重中之重,而第1点是次重要点,你的演

讲顺序应为:51234。

support to each point using statistics, facts, examples, anecdotes, quotations or other supporting material.

借助图表、事实、例子、奇闻轶事、引文与其它材料作为演讲点的支撑部分。

your introduction, points and conclusions together with smooth transitions. 引言、演讲要点和结论连贯顺承地串在一起。

a conclusion that summarizes each of your points, restates your main purpose and leaves the audience with a lasting impression.用结论总结所有演讲点,重申主题,让观众留下最后的深刻印象。

英文的演讲稿篇四:三分钟英语励志演讲稿

Good afternoon ,ladies and gentlemen!

I'm very honored to stand here and give you a short speech! To begin with ,I want to ask a question .Does everybody dream a good dream last night?

Actually ,today I want to talk about dream with you. Of course, What I want to talk is not a dream you have last night,but a dream—— about life.

Everyone has dreams about life, different dreams at different life stage,and we need dreams to support us. Dreams are like the stars we never reach in the sky,but like most mariners(水手),we can chart our course by them. With the dream,we have a direction,with a direction, we were no longer the dream, there is hope,With hope, we have the strength to fight.

But I know,life is tough,and there are always ups and downs, maybe we fail in the way to our aims,and we may feel depressed ,whenever at this time, the dream in our heart can always comfort us, encourage us ,and support us to move ahead . Young!Fortunately, I am young now. Just due to it, I know that nothing is firmly believe that nothing can stand in my way. If

I can't realize my dream,it result from that I haven't work harder enough and I won't find other excuses. If no people believe you, you can make it to prove that you are right. If you think the god haven't blessed you and there is no truth here, you can become the god and create the truth.

"My breath swallows the sky and make the yellow river overflow, my sword is famous in Kyushu and it can collapse the five sacred mountains." At some time in the past I also had am bitious words and I had some achievements. Each achievement results from my hard work. I always believe that "If you want to have more achievements than others, you must work harder."

In some extent, the dream is the hope. If you can insist on doing something, the victory will come.

Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams, for when dreams go, life is a barren field frozen with snow. So my dear friends, think of your old and maybe dead dreams. Whatever it is, pick it up and make it alive from today. Let's--- move ----out! Thank you for your listening!

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