global论文范文

风险管理论文篇三 《企业风险管理创新与中国海油自保公司案例研究》 自保公司作为企业进行风险 管理创新的重要工具，在国际上已经得到了广泛的运用。与国际上的研究机构及自保公司行业对于自保公司的 发展所做的大量研究相比，中国企业对设立和运用自保公司进行风险管理的研究非常缺乏。由于缺乏自保公司的行业数据、实际 经验和其他相关信息，国内研究主要还停留在基本理论的阐述上，缺乏与 实践的结合，因此无法深入。本文将结合目前中国境内企业设立的唯一一家自保公司——中海石油 保险有限公司的实际案例来分析企业如何运用自保公司进行风险管理。 一、风险管理与自保公司 企业的生产经营因受到诸多不确定因素影响而存在风险，即存在着经营结果的不确定性。这些风险广泛分布于企业生产经营的各环节和各流程。企业的风险管理，应包括风险的辨识、评估、防范和控制，是防范这些风险的理念、措施、行为的集合。按照亚洲风险管理协会(AARCM)的定义，企业风险管理是企业在实现未来战略目标的过程中，试图将各类不确定因素产生的结果控制在预期可接受范围内的方法和过程，以确保和促进组织的总体利益的实现。 一般而言，风险管理有五种方式：回避、转移、减少、保留和利用。在风险管理过程中，当外部的风险转移方式无法满足或者无法完全满足企业风险管理的需要时，企业会寻求自保，即不通过传统保险而由企业自身对风险进行控制和转移。自保的方式有很多种，包括风险全部自留、建立风险基金、提取风险准备、安排“股东保单”、进行风险融资以及设立自保公司等。其中，自保公司是以成立商业保险公司的方式来为企业风险管理服务，在实践中受到企业的欢迎。 自保公司是指一个由非保险公司拥有的真正的保险或者再保险公司，其主要业务是对其母公司或者关联公司的风险进行承保或者再保险①。自保公司是在企业风险管理创新中产生的一种典型的非传统风险转移工具，称为Alternative Risk Transfer(简称ART)。自保公司的出现改变了企业传统的风险转移模式(见图1)。 母公司的风险转移策略可以通过自保公司与国际保险市场的直接接触而得到更好的贯彻。自保公司也通过参与这一风险转移流程而获得收益，包括获得承保收益和保费现金收益。 当然，自保公司并不适用于所有企业。一般而言，设立和运作自保公司要考虑风险单位是否符合大数法则，保费规模是否足够应付运营成本以及企业的内外部环境是否成熟等诸多因素。 二、全球自保公司的发展情况 全球第一家自保公司——凤凰保险公司②成立于18世纪中叶。20世纪20年代，一些大的跨国企业开始成立自保公司，到2004年，全球自保公司数量已经达到4800余家，保费规模达到560亿美元。自保公司行业已经成为一个非常成熟的行业领域，其主要分布情况见表1。 全球500强企业的80%都拥有自保公司。设立自保公司的著名企业也分布于全球各地。表2列举了全球主要的设立自保公司的母公司情况。另外也有很多的组织、协会以及连锁企业等设立自保公司。 三、自保公司的作用 自保公司在企业实际运作中，起着非常重要的作用，主要表现在以下几个方面。 1. 企业直接与保险市场联系的专业渠道 自保公司的角色非常特殊，它一方面是执行集团风险管理策略的工具，同时也是一个商业保险公司，它在母公司集团(往往是非保险类企业)和商业保险市场之间具有共性，产生交集(见图2)。 由于自保公司在市场上已经存在了很多年，因此非常容易被商业保险市场所熟悉和接受，尤其是专业的再保险公司。自保公司与商业保险市场取得直接联系后，可以最快获得保险市场的最新动态和信息，对于企业制定合适的风险管理策略非常重要。事实上，很多自保公司的管理顾问公司会在每年末做一份针对市场情况和企业经营的风险管理策略建议，并向自保公司的母公司进行 报告 。 2. 全球化风险管理的工具 对于一个企业尤其是跨国集团而言，自保公司在其全球化风险管理中的作用是非常重要的，这主要通过两种方式来体现。 第一种方式是，对不同地区不同国家的项目进行统筹保险安排并参与风险管理。第二种方式是，实现企业制定的全球风险管理策略。作为一个在全球不同国家和地区有项目的跨国公司，当企业对这些项目安排保险的时候，会受到各国保险监管和法律规定的限制。自保公司作为再保险公司则可以很正当地参与到其投资项目的风险管理中去，了解其风险转移的策略以及项目运作的信息。 3. 为母公司减少保费成本 自保公司的参与一方面可减少支付给商业保险公司的佣金支出，另一方面，可通过与国际再保险市场的谈判，获得优惠的再保险条件，从而降低再保险保费支出，减少母公司集团的总体保费成本。 自保公司如果可以直接出具保单，则可以减少支付给商业保险公司的管理费用开支。一般而言，自保公司的管理费用支出不会超过总保费的20%，换言之，保费收入的80%可以用于真实的索赔支出。 自保公司如果不可以直接出具保单，则可以利用长期稳固的再保险安排渠道增加与传统保险公司的谈判能力，降低手续费，从而降低摩擦性成本。 4. 建立风险储备基金 母公司可以通过自保公司建立长期的风险储备基金来应对长期的风险。虽然商业保险公司也会建立风险储备基金，但由于它并非承保一家的风险，因此风险基金并不一定可以保证用在本公司的风险上。自保公司承保母公司的风险，可以保证风险储备基金使用渠道的专门性，并且方便快捷。这种风险储备基金可以表现为风险储备或者累计利润。相对于建立内部安全基金而言，这是从母公司系统内转出而以商业化的方式合理存在的真金白银，随时可用来弥补可能发生的损失。 5. 获得更多的承保能力 自保公司为母公司的保险提供新承保能力，使母公司增加风险转移的宽度和深度。 自保公司的承保能力受到投入资本的限制，但自保公司的承保政策要比商业保险公司宽松，并且许多自保公司的管理公司通过建立不同类型的再保险安排项目来充分利用其承保能力。例如香港自保公司监管机构只要求单一最大风险单位不得超过净资产的15%，中国海油自保公司在遵从这一要求的前提下，可以安排母公司的多个保险项目。 6. 减少商业保险循环周期对企业保费成本的波动影响 费率水平的高低可以反映保险标的风险的大小。保险费率水平会随着损失记录和市场环境的变化而发生经常性和规律性的波动，形成循环周期。因此，企业单纯运用传统方式购买保险来转移风险，保险的成本就不可避免地随之波动，这对于一个企业尤其是上市公司而言是不利因素。自保公司的参与则可以有效地减少这种波动。自保公司承保一定的风险，通过稳定该部分的承保价格来增加成本的刚性，从而使得企业的保费成本稳定在一定范围内。 7. 增加母公司集团盈利能力 自保公司通过参与保险安排获得佣金收入、保费收入和现金收益。自保公司因为向国际再保险市场转移风险而从再保险公司获取佣金收入;通过自留母公司的风险而获得相应的保费收入;通过各种投资手段获得承保收入的现金收益。总之，自保公司的佣金、保费收入和现金收益最终将形成利润在报表中反映出来，也会反映在母公司整体的收入规模和盈利水平中。 8. 获得更宽泛的风险转移条件 不同资产、不同项目、不同地区乃至不同国家的保险条款都会不一样，甚至保单文字都不一样。尽管如此，母公司仍可以通过其自保公司在全球的保险合约对转移自留部分的风险提供更为宽泛、更具有灵活性的保障条款。例如，公司甲通过其自保公司的保险合约购买了限额为1亿美元的一揽子第三者责任保险，则这一保障适用于其母公司所有通过自保公司安排的项目。对于任何一个新增加的投保项目，都可以自动获得这一保障。 9. 为母公司无法在商业保险市场转移的风险提供保障 一个企业会根据其风险管理的策略将不愿意承担的风险转移到商业保险市场上去。但有些风险却是不可保的。有可能是因为市场上不提供这种保险产品，或者市场上可以提供这种保险产品，但所要求的保费成本又超过了公司愿意或者能够承担的限度，或者市场上可以提供这种保险产品，但并没有100%的承保能力支持，或者市场上能为这种保险产品提供的承保能力是不可靠或者不稳定的。中国海油自保公司在风险转移的过程中遇到类似的问题，例如安排井喷控制保险和井下工具保险。自保公司在对此类风险进行转移的过程中起到了很重要的作用，承保了“不可保”的风险。 四、中国海油自保公司案例研究 中国企业设立自保公司的步伐远远落后于其他国家。中国境内尚未对自保公司有明确的监管规定，而香港是最近的自保公司注册地。2000年8月，中国海洋石油总公司(以下简称“中国海油”)在香港设立自保公司，公司全称“中海石油保险有限公司”(英文名称CNOOC Insurance Limited，以下简称CIL)。CIL最初资本金为200万港元，这是香港对设立自保公司的最低资本金要求。 中国海油是中国第三大石油公司，经过多年的发展，已经形成了海上油气勘探开发、专业技术服务、炼油化工化肥、天然气及发电、综合服务、金融服务六大良性互动的产业板块，成为主业突出、产业链完整的综合型企业集团③。中国海油所从事的行业属于高风险行业，通常需要在国际能源保险市场安排保险，以转移企业在生产经营过程中遇到的巨大风险。企业每年需支付5亿元人民币左右的保费，且随着企业规模的不断扩大，保费水平还在不断提高。 CIL在成立初期，由于自身承保能力低，商业保险市场提供的保险条件好，因此只是对母公司——中国海油的部分保险业务安排转分保，收取佣金，自留比例很小。 2001年“9·11”事件之后，国际能源保险市场的承保能力萎缩(见表3)，中国海油同其他公司一样，面临保费成本大幅增加，保险保障范围却不断减少的境遇。免赔额水平从25万美元增加到100万美元，同时费率还上涨了25%。尤其是海上钻井所需购买的井喷控制保险，费率由4美元/英尺甚至增加到90美元/英尺。保费成本占总钻井成本的比例高达10%，远高于“9·11”之前1%的水平。 1. 根据市场变化，调整风险管理策略与经营策略 在保险市场承保能力急剧变化的形势下，中国海油审时度势，重新测算自留风险的大小，根据保险市场变化，做出了如下的风险管理策略调整。 1)对于油田财产保险项目，在当前的免赔额水平和费率水平下，赔付率将大大降低，CIL可以根据自身承保能力适当自留。 2)对于钻井保险项目，由于市场费率水平已经远远超过公司所能承受的成本范围，此风险属于不可保风险。因此，在对该种风险进行充分评估的基础上，CIL可以根据自身的承保能力，大比例自留风险，并收取合理水平的保费，通过长期的承保策略来降低巨灾风险的影响。 3)对于建造项目，鉴于风险较大，自保公司应谨慎自留风险。 4)随着公司发展步伐的加大，CIL应尽快参与到合资合作项目的保险安排中去，为母公司的全球化风险管理策略服务。 针对母公司调整后的风险管理策略，CIL对自身的经营策略也作了相应的调整。 1)CIL以转分保或者风险自留的方式尽可能多地参与到母公司的项目中去，成为母公司风险管理的一个专业平台。 2)对于油田财产保险项目，CIL考虑小比例风险自留，对转移到国际再保险市场的风险收取一定的佣金。 3)对于建造项目，CIL考虑小比例自留或者全部转分保到国际再保险市场，同时收取一定的佣金。 4)对于钻井保险项目，CIL自留大部分的风险，以较低的费率水平来收取保费。同时规定赔付限额，将巨灾风险的影响最小化。 5)CIL参与到中国海油大型合作项目的保险安排中，不以获取保费或者转分保佣金为目的，而主要是通过CIL将这些项目的保险安排纳入中国海油的整体风险管理体系中，为今后中国海油做好全球风险管理策略和保险筹划做好准备。 6)自保公司利用自身的资源与出单公司进行谈判，将一般保险公司向被保险人收取的10%～20%的管理费控制在5%左右，降低了公司的保费成本。 经过4年时间，CIL的保费收入规模由最初的1000万港元增加到5亿港元，资本金也增加到2亿港元。资本金的增加使得CIL的承保能力不断增加，从而更加有效地执行了母公司的策略。 2. 借鉴国外经验，重视战略与管理，使CIL获得快速发展 总结 CIL快速发展的经验，笔者认为有以下几个方面的原因。 (1)中国海油非常重视风险管理，为CIL的成立提供了战略准备和管理基础 中国海油从事的海上油气田勘探、开发和生产活动，属于高风险行业。中国海油从成立之初就很注重风险管理，为财产和项目购买保险以转移风险。企业内部不断完善的风险管理理念为自保公司的成立做好了战略准备。 此外，公司从上世纪90年代初开始就设立专门的岗位，贯彻风险管理策略并授权处理保险业务。公司制定了专门管理法规对公司风险管理策略和保险政策进行明确规定。职能的统一和明确也为自保公司的成立和运作提供了组织和管理基础。 (2)长期与外国油公司合作的历史，为中国海油自保公司的成立提供了可借鉴的实例 中国海油自1982年成立以来，就与壳牌、BP、雪佛龙、丹文、哈斯基(Husky)、阿莫科等国际大石油公司合作。在合作中，外国石油公司按照惯例，对于油气勘探、开发和生产等项目都提出要购买保险并写入石油合同。例如，对油田财产一定要进行投保，并要求购买免赔额为5000万美元的包括油污责任在内的第三者责任险。中国海油在对外合作的过程中，逐渐意识到保险的重要性，在风险管理理念方面逐步实现了与国际接轨。此外，外国油公司经常利用自保公司来进行风险管理，它们也愿意合作方的自保公司参与。这些为中国海油成立并运作自己的自保公司提供了借鉴。 (3)中国海油较早进行风险集中管理，成立内部风险管理公司，为自保公司的顺利运作提供了条件 在中国海油与外国石油公司合作的初期，外国石油公司是作业者，按照石油合同规定，所有的保险由作业者安排。随着中国海油逐渐成为作业者以及自营油田的出现，中国海油开始接手保险安排，并于1993年后逐步实现集中管理。风险的集中管理为中国海油建立整体风险管理策略提供了前提条件。 1994年，中国海油成立内部风险管理公司，对投保的保费进行内部统一核算，进行模拟化商业运作。这些有益的尝试为自保公司的产生和运作提供了有利条件。 (4)中国海油接触国际保险和再保险市场，为设立自保公司提供了信息和经验 中国海油从1993年开始正式接触国际再保险市场，包括知名的国际再保险公司和国际再保险顾问，这些再保险公司和保险顾问给中国海油带来了最新的国际保险市场的信息。尤其是国际保险顾问，如怡安、达信等，本身也是全球最大的自保公司管理机构，它们对自保公司的运作流程非常熟悉，有丰富的管理经验，为中国海油自保公司的成立提供了很多咨询服务。怡安保险顾问公司更是一手促成了CIL在香港的设立。 (5)国际保险市场持续坚挺，为自保公司快速发展创造了契机 根据国际保险市场的统计结果，1970年以来，国际上的巨灾事件尤其是自然灾害不断增加，在2001-2005年达到历史最高水平。这些损失导致国际市场的保费水平居高不下(见图3)。在这种情况下，自保公司的收益水平也自然水涨船高。 虽然中国海油自保公司还是一个年轻的公司，但其今天的成就，是与中国海油20多年的努力分不开的。在中国海油不断向中下游和海外拓展业务的大背景下，自保公司也将配合母公司发展的需要，不断解决经营中面临的许多新问题，继续发展壮大。 参考文献 [1] PARKINSON J R. Captives & captive management for practitioners andowners. UK: Key Haven Publications PLC,2002. [2] KENDALL R. Risk management for executives. UK: Pitman Publishing, 1998. [3] WONG C. Bullish in China[J].Monthly Journal of Global REinsurance ,2003 (10), 56-60. [4] BI survey(N).Business Insurance, 2003(10). [5] BI survey(N).Business Insurance, 2005(9). [6] 张洪涛. 做大做强中国保险业整体实力与核心竞争力[R].2004中国保 险发展报告.北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2005. [7] 张洪涛,郑功成,主编.保险学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2002. [8] 施绪金.中国企业自保发展趋势及建议[R].2004中国保险发展报告.北 京：中国人民大学出版社，2005. [9] 闫东玲.我国发展专业自保公司的几点思考[J]南开经济研究，2005(2). [10] 徐涟漪.自保公司——企业风险管理模式的选择[N].中国保险报， 2006-03-10. [11] 王清寰.企业可保风险管理模式及中海油实例研究[M].北京：石油工 业出版社，2006. 猜你喜欢： 1. 风险管理论文案例分析 2. 内部控制与风险管理论文案例分析 3. 风险管理论文案例 4. 风险管理论文精选范文 5. 风险管理论文范文精选

范文(一)

Nowadays we can enjoy the same films, fashions, brands, advertisements and TV channels. The evident difference beeen countries is disappearing. To what extent do you think the disadvantages overweight the advantages of this?

Globalization creates conditions for widening international exchanges, strengthening mutual understanding beeen nations, expanding cultural, educational, and scientific cooperation beeen nations and countries, enjoying the cultural achievements of people around the world which encourages the process of modernization and the enrichment of national culture.

However, these conditions also create the possible danger of diminishing the national culture with a negative impact on the pre123vation of national identity. Through globalization and an open door policy, erroneous concepts and a lowering of ethical standards, a selfish and individualistic lifestyle and harmful cultural products can easily be imported into the country. At present, modern information technology which in the main is controlled by US is hourly and intensively disseminating US ideology, way of life, culture and films across the world. Even US food is promoted so that some people consider globalization as global Americanization.

During the process of economic globalization, inequality beeen developed and developing countries has been increasing and the gap beeen the rich and the poor has bee wider, most of the result of globalization go to assist developed countries. Globalization does not pose equal interests and risks to all nations. With an overwhelming advantage pared to most of the developing countries in terms of finance and the level of science and technology, developed ca123alist countries control the situation of economic globalization.

For these reasons, globalization is a fierce and plicated struggle in both cultural and ideological fields. We take the initiative in international economic integration but also have to take the initiative in fighting to keep our distinct culture resisting pro-foreign and cross-bred phenomena, and overing the psychology of preferring money over ethical values.

我的梦想 My Dream

Last week, my cousin was back at home from his trip. He had been away for more than a month and he was a backpacker. I felt so envious, because he could live the life he wanted. I listened to him and was so attractive by the scenery he saw. The people he met also caught my attention. I made up my mind. When I earned money in the future, I would do the things as my cousin do now. So the first thing for me was to be more independent. I should learn to do the things by myself, such as cleaned my own stuff instead of asking my mother to wash. Secondly, I needed to study hard, so as to find a good job. I needed money to support my dream. I believe that I can realize my dream and live my own life.

上周，我表哥结束他的旅行回到家。他已经离开一个多月了，他是一个背包客。我很羡慕，因为他能过自己想要的生活。我听他讲述了一路上他见到的风景，遇到的人，我都很感兴趣。我已经下定决心，等将来我赚了钱，我要做和我表哥一样。所以我要做的第一件事就是变得更加独立。我应该学会自己事情自己做，比如自己收拾自己的东西，而不是叫我妈妈帮洗。第二，我要努力学习，以便找到一份好工作，因为我需要钱来支持我的梦想。我相信我可以实现我的梦想，过我自己想过的生活。（本文出自：//）

展开全部 Nowadays almost everyone knows Coca-cola,and when we want to pursue all aspects of all-around development,we can't avoid staying in contact with other globalization has bee a unstoppable trend. Different people have different point of people believe that globalization is a good thing ,because they enjoy the convenience and quality life globalization brings, whereas others argue that the developed countries are the only beneficiaries of globalization,and the developing countries in the course of globalization suffered a series of environmental pollution problems. Globalization is a double-edged sword.现在，几乎每个人都知道可口可乐，当我们追求全面发展的时候，我们不能避免与其他国家联系。

因此，全球化已经变成一种无法停止的趋势。

不同的人有不同的观点。

有的人相信全球化是件好事，因为他们享受全球化带来的方便和品质生活；而其他人认为，发达国家是全球化的唯一受益者，发展中国家在全球化过程中遭受一系列的环境污染问题。

全球化是一把双刃剑。

...

Economic opportunities of globalization on developing countries:First,economic globalization for developing countries to attract more foreign investment conditions and attract foreign investment scale will no doubt help to solve the problem of shortage of funds in developing globalization for developing countries outside of the capital voted to create a favorable external environment and conditions,so that foreign direct investment scale is continually expanding and growing globalization brought about a worldwide economic and technological development zones and bonded areas and free trade zones and other forms of development of free economic economic globalization so that the worldwide industrial restructuring was further deepened,the pace of countries can take advantage of this opportunity to follow based on reality and focus on the future of the anic unity and take the initiative to coordinate the worldwide industrial restructuring and upgrading of domestic industries globalization has promoted the development of transnational corporations in developing countries so that in the world market development trend,as a result of economic globalization for developing countries in the broader field of active participation in international petition opportunities for transnational corporations in developing countries more actively active in the world economic stage of the era just around the economic globalization has driven the rapid development of international developed countries are the biggest beneficiaries of international trade,but developing countries,especially developing countries in Asia also benefited from international trade,its trade volume of world trade accounted for about 20% of the challenges of globalization on developing countries The challenges posed by economic globalization is tough,developing countries and developed countries brought about by economic globalization to share some interests,but under pressure from economic globalization brought about by the negative effects of even a serious blow to their globalization on developing countries,the challenges are:First,developing countries in the current process of economic globalization in a disadvantageous the global trade and the global production system of rapid development,as well as multinational corporations and capital expansion of the national economy of developing countries are faced with increasing pressure and the impact of dependence on the developed countries is also increasing .Developed countries to control the international economic system,holds the hands of capital,technology and other advantages,in economic globalization to the majority of developing countries far the economic globalization of financial globalization in developing countries in promoting economic growth,brought about the financial risks can not be ignored and economic present,24 hours of electronic transactions in the global financial market has taken shape,in order to provide greater facilitation of market transactions,but also for the financial sector has provided many opportunities for under the conditions of economic globalization,market forces around the world to strengthen,as well as developed countries,the expansion of large multinational panies,there may be some impact on domestic industries of developing countries,threatening the safety of its domestic market to enable developing countries in economic affairs the relative decline in power.

Economic opportunities of globalization on developing countries: First, economic globalization for developing countries to attract more foreign investment conditions and opportunities. To attract foreign investment scale will no doubt help to solve the problem of shortage of funds in developing countries. Second, economic globalization for developing countries outside of the capital voted to create a favorable external environment and conditions, so that foreign direct investment scale is continually expanding and growing fast. Third, economic globalization brought about a worldwide economic and technological development zones and bonded areas and free trade zones and other forms of development of free economic zones. Fourth, the economic globalization so that the worldwide industrial restructuring was further deepened, the pace of increase. Developing countries can take advantage of this opportunity to follow based on reality and focus on the future of the anic unity and take the initiative to coordinate the worldwide industrial restructuring and upgrading of domestic industries relationship. Fifth, economic globalization has promoted the development of transnational corporations in developing countries so that in the world market gradually. However, the development trend, as a result of economic globalization for developing countries in the broader field of active participation in international petition opportunities for transnational corporations in developing countries more actively active in the world economic stage of the era just around the corner. Sixth, the economic globalization has driven the rapid development of international trade. Although developed countries are the biggest beneficiaries of international trade, but developing countries, especially developing countries in Asia also benefited from international trade, its trade volume of world trade accounted for about 20% of the total. Economic challenges of globalization on developing countries The challenges posed by economic globalization is tough, developing countries and developed countries brought about by economic globalization to share some interests, but under pressure from economic globalization brought about by the negative effects of even a serious blow to their economies. Economic globalization on developing countries, the challenges are: First, developing countries in the current process of economic globalization in a disadvantageous position. With the global trade and the global production system of rapid development, as well as multinational corporations and capital expansion of the national economy of developing countries are faced with increasing pressure and the impact of dependence on the developed countries is also increasing . Developed countries to control the international economic system, holds the hands of capital, technology and other advantages, in economic globalization to the majority of developing countries far behind. Secondly, under the economic globalization of financial globalization in developing countries in promoting economic growth, brought about the financial risks can not be ignored and economic shocks. At present, 24 hours of electronic transactions in the global financial market has taken shape, in order to provide greater facilitation of market transactions, but also for the financial sector has provided many opportunities for speculators. Second, because under the conditions of economic globalization, market forces around the world to strengthen, as well as developed countries, the expansion of large multinational panies, there may be some impact on domestic industries of developing countries, threatening the safety of its domestic market to enable developing countries in economic affairs the relative decline in power.

Nowadays we can enjoy the same films,fashions,brands,advertisements and TV evident difference beeen countries is what extent do you think the disadvantages overweight the advantages of this?Globalization creates conditions for widening international exchanges,strengthening mutual understanding beeen nations,expanding cultural,educational,and scientific cooperation beeen nations and countries,enjoying the cultural achievements of people around the world which encourages the process of modernization and the enrichment of national conditions also create the possible danger of diminishing the national culture with a negative impact on the pre123vation of national globalization and an open door policy,erroneous concepts and a lowering of ethical standards,a selfish and individualistic lifestyle and harmful cultural products can easily be imported into the present,modern information technology which in the main is controlled by US is hourly and intensively disseminating US ideology,way of life,culture and films across the US food is promoted so that some people consider globalization as global the process of economic globalization,inequality beeen developed and developing countries has been increasing and the gap beeen the rich and the poor has bee wider,most of the result of globalization go to assist developed does not pose equal interests and risks to all an overwhelming advantage pared to most of the developing countries in terms of finance and the level of science and technology,developed ca123alist countries control the situation of economic these reasons,globalization is a fierce and plicated struggle in both cultural and ideological take the initiative in international economic integration but also have to take the initiative in fighting to keep our distinct culture resisting pro-foreign and cross-bred phenomena,and overing the psychology of preferring money over ethical values.

almost everyone knows Coca-cola,and when we want to pursue all aspects of all-around development,we can't avoid staying in contact with other globalization has bee a unstoppable trend. Different people have different point of people believe that globalization is a good thing ,because they enjoy the convenience and quality life globalization brings, whereas others argue that the developed countries are the only beneficiaries of globalization,and the developing countries in the course of globalization suffered a series of environmental pollution problems. Globalization is a double-edged sword.

从当今世界经济发展状况来看，有这样几种趋势值得我们注意。

一是世界经济技术合作加强，全球化趋势愈益明显。

经济市场化、贸易与投资国际化、区域经济合作化的步伐加快，各国经济联系日益紧密，相互依存度增加，合作增强，摩擦和竞争也在加剧。

全球市场、资金、资源的争夺矛盾更加尖锐，世界范围的贸易竞争和国与国之间经济实力的较量越来越激烈。

二是世界科技革命突飞猛进，各国更加重视发展高新技术和关键技术。

国际上有这样一种说法，下一个世纪将进入信息经济、科技先导型经济和可持续发展经济的时代。

新技术革命正在改变着传统的生产方式，已经成为现代经济增长的主要推动力量。

三是国际金融越来越活跃，对经济发展的影响越来越大。

近些年，国际资本流动加快，但金融风险也随之加大，金融市场动荡不定，特别是今年发生的东南亚金融风波，波及世界许多地区。

我们要密切注视国际金融市场的变化，借鉴其他国家的经验教训，为我所用，努力做到趋利避害。

In today's world economy development situation, there are worth our attention to this trend. One is to strengthen the economic and technical cooperation, addressing the trend of globalization. Economic marketization and internationalization of trade and investment, and accelerate the regional economic co-operation, economies increasingly interlinked, increase mutual dependence, strengthen cooperation, friction and petition has intensified. The global market, capital, resources for the contradiction sharpened, world trade petition beeen countries and the increasingly fierce petition of economic strength. Second is the revolution of science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds countries pay more attention to the development of high and new technology and key technology. There is such a world, the next century will enter information economy, science and technology straight-pilot economy and sustainable development of the economy. The new technology revolution is changing the traditional mode of production, has bee a modern economic growth of main driving force. Three is more active in international financial and economic development is more and more big. In recent years, the international capital flows faster, but also increase the financial risk, financial market, especially the volatile financial crisis of southeast Asia this year, spread to many parts of the world. We must pay close attention of international financial market changes, learn from the experience of other countries, such as teaching, and strive to achieve the disadvantages.

展开全部Globalization is a word, it is a kind of concept, is also a kind of phenomenon of human social development process. Globalization there are many definitions, usually in the sense of globalization refers to the global connections, human life in the global scale on the basis of the development and the rise of global awareness. Beeen countries in political, economic and trade interdependence. Globalization also can be interpreted as the pression of the world and see the world as a whole. After the 1990 s, with the expansion of globalization forces affect the level of human society, has gradually drawn disciplines, such as politics, education, society and culture, have caused the boom. For's perception of ＂globalization＂ is good or bad, still the lights....

globalization and povertyMany people who are concerned about the fate of the world's poor now attribute their plight to argue that globalization has weakened the position of poor countries and exposed poor people to harmful concern is understandable,especially since the gap beeen rich and poor has indeed bee more glaring in recent a direct link beeen economic globalization and poverty is a plex task for several mon consent,globalization has proceeded rapidly since the according to the recent Global Poverty Report,the proportion of the world population living in poverty has declined from 29% in 1988 to 26% in indicators for many poor countries also show improvement over several helped the poor countries that adopted sound policies and contributed to ine convergence among the countries participating in the global stagnation continued in many countries isolated from globalization,world inequality still is time for opponents and proponents of globalization to join forces to help low-ine countries expand their access to rich country markets and develop and nurture their governing institutions so that the world's poor gain from the benefits of a more integrated world.

转载请注明出处作文大全网 » “全球化”英语作文，