奥曲肽—埃索美拉唑冲击疗法与垂体后叶素治疗
[摘要] 目的 了解奥曲肽联合埃索美拉唑治疗EGVB的临床疗效,为EGVB提供有效的药物治疗方法。 方法 72例EGVB患者被随机分为治疗组37例和对照组35例。对照组采用垂体后叶素治疗;治疗组采用埃索美拉唑联合奥曲肽冲击治疗。观察两组的输血量、止血时间、止血率、再出血率、疗效评价结果和药物不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗组的临床输血量(344.7±76.9) mL,止血时间(7.3±2.3) h,均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后6 h、12 h、24 h的止血率均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗组的再出血率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组的显效率59.5%,总有效率97.3%;对照组的显效率42.9%,总有效率74.3%。治疗组的显效率、总有效率均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率5.4%(2/37);对照组不良反应发生率17.1%(6/35)。治疗组的药物不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 奥曲肽-埃索美拉唑冲击疗法可有效治疗EGVB,不良反应较少,具有较高的临床应用价值。
[关键词] 奥曲肽;埃索美拉唑;垂体后叶素;冲击疗法;食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血
[中图分类号] R573.2 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2015)01-0040-03
Comparative observation of octreotide-esomeprazole shock therapy and pituitrin for patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding
LI Zhongming
Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the Second Hospital of Yinzhou District of Ningbo City, Zhejiang,Ningbo 315100,China
[Abstract] Objective To find out the efficacy of the therapy of octreotide combined with esomeprazole for patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB),providing medical treatment for EGVB. Methods All 72 patients with EGVB were randomly divided into 37 cases of treatment group and 35 cases of control group. The control group was treated with vasopressin, and the treatment group was treated with shock therapy of octreotide and esomeprazole. Blood transfusion, bleeding time, bleeding rate, rebleeding rate, efficacy and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions were observed. Results Blood transfusion of treatment group was (344.7±76.9) mL, and bleeding time was (7.3±2.3) hours, were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). After 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of treatment, bleeding rates were significantly higher (P<0.05); rebleeding rate of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Effective rate of the treatment group was 59.5%, and the total efficiency was 97.3%; while remarkable efficiency was 42.9% in the control group, and the total efficiency was 74.3%. Effective rate and total effective rate of the treatment group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate of treatment group was 5.4%(2/37); adverse reaction rates of control group were 17.1% (6/35). Adverse reaction rates of treatment group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of the octreotide-esomeprazole shock therapy was significantly effect for patients with EGVB, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was less, and the clinical value was high.
Octreotide; Esomeprazole; Pituitrin; Shock therapy; Esophagogastric variceal bleeding
食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(esophagogastric va-riceal bleeding,EGVB)是消化内科的常见急症之一,其死亡率较高,是肝硬化门脉高压症的最常见死亡诱因[1-3]。当前临床上治疗该疾病的方法主要有内镜下止血、内科药物治疗与外科手术等方法[4,5]。大量内科治疗临床实践证明,血管收缩剂垂体后叶素治疗EGVB的疗效明确,但存在一定的不良反应,部分患者无法耐受[6]。奥曲肽是生长抑素的人工合成八肽衍生产物,半衰期长,目前已应用于应激性溃疡、消化道出血、胃肠道瘘管、重型胰腺炎、肢端肥大症和突眼性甲状腺肿等疾病的治疗[7-9]。为了解奥曲肽联合埃索美拉唑治疗EGVB的临床疗效,为EGVB提供有效的药物治疗方法,本文回顾性分析72例EGVB患者的临床资料,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2012年1月~2013年12月宁波市鄞州第二医院急诊内科收治的EGVB患者72例,男41例,女31例;年龄32~73岁,平均(59.2±9.1)岁。所有患者入院时均有呕血、黑便等症状,通过了解临床症状、病史、体征,结合电子胃镜、B超等检查手段均诊断为EGVB。出血量少于500 mL者16例,500~1000 mL者41例,大于1000 mL者15例。肝功能检查结果用Child-pugh分级[10]为A级6例,B级56例,C级10例。患者两周内未使用血管活性药物、抑酸剂及非甾体类抗炎药,排除消化道溃疡疾病、恶性肿瘤、肝肾功能不全、严重心脑血管疾病,入院前两周未使用抑酸剂、血管活性药与非甾体抗炎药。采用简单随机化法将所有病例随机分为治疗组37例和对照组35例,两组的年龄、性别比等一般资料比较无显著性差异(P均>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 治疗方法
两组均采用常规手段,包括禁食、给予维生素K1、补充血容量、输血等[11]。治疗组采用埃索美拉唑联合奥曲肽冲击治疗:注射用埃索美拉唑钠(40 mg/支;阿斯利康制药有限公司;国药准字H20093314;批号:1201074、1203052、1203901、1210909)40 mg加入10 mL生理盐水缓慢静脉注射,每日2次,连续使用4 d;醋酸奥曲肽注射液(1 mL∶0.1 mg;瑞士诺华公司;进口药品注册证号H20090948;批号:S0216、S0213、S0249、S0275)100 mg缓慢静脉注射,再给予奥曲肽600 mg加入1000 mL生理盐水缓慢静脉滴注,并维持24 h,连续使用4 d。对照组采用垂体后叶素治疗:垂体后叶素注射液20 U加入生理盐水中,以0. 3
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