珠宝设计与制作毕业论文

浅论“点”在商业首饰设计中的应用更新时间 2009-2-23 21:30:32 打印此文 点击数 96 摘要:在当今商业首饰设计艺术中，用于珠宝设计的构成手段可谓风格各异、流派繁多。但最富于时代精神的表现形式莫过于“点”的构成运用。点的形状、方向、大小、位置、聚集，发散，组合能够给人带来不同的心理感受和艺术魅力。本文分析近几年来商业珠宝首饰设计艺术中“点”的表现形式大体总结归纳出三种类型：强调整齐划一，以形成秩序美。运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应。采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格。关键词:首饰设计形式风格艺术魅力“点”在几何学中的意义只是表明位置而不具备面积和方向，但在设计构成中，代写论文 “点”作为造型要素之一，却具有无法取代的重要作用。在人类远古时期，“点”在手工制品表面装饰纹样中就已经被得到了大量的运用，时至今日，设计师依然情衷于“点”的易变随性和多样组合，再现着“点”那令人惊叹的艺术魅力。一、强调整齐划一。以形成秩序美所谓秩序感，就是一种赋予了作品统一性，而体现出作品的美感与冲击力，从而给人带来的一种稳重感、流畅感和归整感。秩序美是种模式情怀。它蕴含在大小相同、间隔相等、横平竖直的严格模式中。整齐划一虽极易陷入单板，然而背水一战，在极致中追求突破，同样会产生极具个性的优秀作品。秩序美更是种韵律心思。它蕴含在罗列整齐、组合清晰的流畅旋律里。单纯却又意义丰富，代写毕业论文 简明却又规律连续，在统一性和重复性中体现作品的视觉冲击。珠宝首饰没计中的重要原则：条理与反复，同样也是形式美的一种法则。他们是构成秩序美的重要因素。所谓的条理就是有组织、有规律地在设计中对画面进行?概括整理；反复是指把相同、相似的形象有规律的重复排列。调整连续而反复排列的单元个体也会产生如音乐节奏一样的律动感，也能使单调的形式和色彩产生变化而变得缤纷。例如我们所接触的二方连续、四方连续。运用此项秩序美的典型作品是这款源于Tifany经典设计。整体造型装饰简洁、醒目，将横点的等间距排列法应用到了手链造型设计装饰中，把一种完整的秩序美感呈现在了人们的面前。这种“点“的等间距排列法在此款手链设计装饰中将Tifany的创作精髓和理念表现得十分贴切。简约鲜明的线条诉说着冷静超然的明晰与令人心动神移的优稚。和谐、比例与条理在每一件Tifany设计作品巾都得到了自然的融合呈现。图(1)的作品中前后环衬的设计展现了这一设计理念的主题，不是一次性简单的重复，而是采用了两种大小不同的点相互组合，从侧面观看，较大的“点”在一群较小的点的上方，使整个画面呈现出从大到小的流动感，这样一大一小的反复变化将相同的形和色作规律的重复排列，产生了单纯、统一的感觉，给佩带者带来鲜明而深刻的印象。二、运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应如果说整齐划一如同节奏感很强的打击乐，那么散点构成就是旋律优美的丝竹乐。散点构成简而有序、散而不乱、活泼多变。设计者看似随性而为，实者已在不露声色中营造出了视觉美感。运用形式美的法则中另外的两个重要因素是节奏与韵律。节奏原本是指音乐中节拍的长短，用在珠宝设计中，主要体现在图画中点、线、面、形、色的大小、轻重、虚实、快慢的变化；而韵律原本是指诗词中的抑扬顿搓所产生的感觉，在珠宝设计运用中，体现在各元素之间的风格、样式在统一前提下的变化。在图(2)这款耳坠的造型设计中，运用的是一种近乎自然的设计风格。“点”状的花芯图案大小相同、层次分明，代写留学生论文 呈参差状悬吊在空中。耳坠的仿花造型十分逼真，花朵用白银制作，花芯用圆形珊瑚制作。花芯以点的形式呈流动状分布，彼此参差有序，十分自然，毫无做作，把一种自然的情态表现得淋漓尽致，带来一种美妙的艺术享受。图(3)的作品是香港珠宝设计比赛得奖作品中的一款，设计主题灵感来源于烟花。如同烟花的绚烂缤纷一样，散点构成的规律也是丰富多样的。此款设计的风格明显浪漫多于严谨，那么散点构成的手法是最合适不过的。我们通过作品来分析一下散点构成的变化：这款手镯用钻石材质的点做不规则的组织排列，形式自由，星罗棋布般地点缀着，或大或小，或穿透或凸显。光折射出钻石的缤纷火彩，晶莹而又绚烂，使人们联想到头顶灿烂的星空中，烟花以不同的形式在不断的燃烧赞放，具有很强的感染力。相比之下，图(4)作品的设计所采用的散点构成就显得含蓄而理性化了。设计者似乎是漫不经心地将珍珠散乱地排列在桌面上，但从排列的疏密聚散，色彩的协调搭配，均可以感到是经过设计者精密地计算的。作品以球形的点构成为主，大大小小的单元个体有序地排列，其间跳动的色彩或深或浅，与单元个体相呼应，比例有松有紧，从点到线，合理地表达了珍珠优雅含蓄的气质，在和谐中透出华美。三、采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格“点”的外形并不局限于圆形一种，也可以是正方形、三角型、矩形及不规则形等等。但其面积的大小，要限制在“点”的视觉效应的范围之内。在等间隔构成的网络上，把某一个或某一组单元的圆点，变换为上述其它各种形状中的某种或某几种，这种手法被称为类似群化组合。类似群化组合的特点在于统一之中蕴育着变化。每一季配饰都有新的设计元素，从花朵、蝴蝶到几何图案无奇不有，而本季尤以环形配饰以及多种形状的类似群化组合构成为最新焦点，如图(5—7)所示。代写硕士论文与以往不同，本季环形不再简单地强调大，而是善于将不同材质、不同光泽的元素进行组合，使之具有现代感的造型。装饰图案是以圆点、方点、菱形点、十字花纹点等多种形状的类似群化组合为主，均匀分布在主线链条上。所用的材质有树胶、珍珠、金属、玻璃等等，此类具不同光泽的“点f”密集而有节奏地在链条上有序排列，不断延伸，形成一定的量感，与金属链条构架一起，给人以丰富而现代的感觉。不同的材质将活泼与时尚结合起来，将复杂、简约、古典、现代等多种元素融为一体。综上所述，我们不难发现珠宝设计师们正在无穷尽地挖掘着“点”的艺术表现力和感染力。也正因为如此，“点”也更具有无穷尽的艺术表现力和感染力。但愿我国的珠宝设计工作者们重视“点”这个最基本的造型要素，借以激发灵感，记录下自己艺术思维活动中那闪光的理念瞬间。参考文献：[1]英（克）莱夫·贝尔著同金环，马钟元译艺术[M]中国文艺联合出版公司，1984．[2]凌继尧，徐恒醇．艺术设计学[M]．上海人民出社，2001．论文网 on the "point" in the commercial jewelry design updated 2009-2-23 21:30:32 Hits 96 Print this article Abstract: In today's art jewelry design business for jewelry design style can be described as the composition of the various means different from many schools. However, the most wealth to the manifestations of the spirit of the times is the "point" of the composition of the application. Point the shape, direction, size, location, gathering, divergent, different combinations can bring feelings of psychological and artistic charm. This paper analyzes the business in recent years the art of jewelry design, "points" summarized the general expressions of three types: emphasis on uniform,Order to form the United States. Scatter the use of natural composition, access to changing the visual effect. Use a similar combination of grouping, show : jewelry design art form style charm"Point" in the meaning of geometry shows that the location not only have the size and direction, but in the design of composition, writing papers, "point" as one of modeling elements, but with the important role that can not be replaced. In ancient times human beings, "points" in the artefacts on the surface of decorative patterns have been received a lot of use now, designers continue to work the situation to "point" with the volatile and diverse portfolio, again with " point "that amazing artistic , emphasis on uniform. Order to form the United StatesThe order of the so-called flu, is a unity given works, and works reflect the beauty and impact, and thus bring a sense of a stable, smooth feel and sense to the order of the United States is a mode of feeling. It contains the same in size, the same interval, Wang Ping strict vertical mode. Although vulnerable to a single uniform, but背水一战, in the ultimate breakthrough in the pursuit of the same will produce outstanding works of great order of the United States is thought of rhythm. It contains the list of neat, clear and smooth combination of melody in. Significance of a simple but rich, but simple to write graduation thesis for the law, uniformity and repeatability in the work embodied in visual jewelry of the important principles: systematic and repeated, but also a law of formal beauty. They constitute an important factor in the order of the United States. Is organized so-called well-organized, regularly in the design of the screen for? Summary of finishing; repeatedly refers to the same image is similar to regular repeat order. Repeated with adjustment for individual units will also have the same rhythm as the music dynamic law, but also enable the monotonous change in form and color has become fun. For example, we have come in contact with the second side row, row order of the United States the use of this work is typical of this classic design from Tifany. Modeling the overall decoration is simple and eye-catching, the horizontalPoint method with applications such as distance to the decorative design of bracelet to order a complete sense of beauty presented in front of people. This "point" with spacing, etc. This bracelet design in the decoration will be the essence of Tifany creative and very relevant concept. Simple story line with a distinct clarity and calm aloof exciting move of God's gifted young. Harmony, proportion and well-organized in every towel Tifany designs have been a natural convergence. Figure (1) before and after work in the design of liner ring demonstrated the theme of this design concept, not a simple one-time duplication,Instead of using the two different points, the size of each portfolio, from the side view, the larger "point" in the group of the top of the smaller points so that the whole screen showing the movement of smallest sense, so that small freshman repeated changes in the same shape and color of the repeat order for the law, resulting in a simple, unified feel to the wearer brings a clear and profound impression on , the use of the natural scatter of the composition, access to the visual effect of changingUniform, as if a strong sense of rhythm of percussion, then scatter the beautiful composition is the melody string and wind music. Scatter constitute simple and orderly, rather than scattered and chaotic, lively and changeable. Rather appears as the designer for, it has created in the quiet of the visual rules of use of the two important additional factor is the tempo and rhythm. Refers to the rhythm of the original length of the beat music, used in jewelry design, the main point in the picture, line, surface, shape, color, size, weight, actual situation, the pace of change; and the rhythm of poetry in the original refers to the circumflex Dayton feeling generated by rubbing in the use of jewelry design, manifested in the various elements of style, under the premise of a unified style Figure (2) The design of the earring, the use of a near-natural style. "Points" to spend like the size of the same core design, structured, students write papers on behalf of irregular shape were suspended in the air. Imitation earring flower shape is very realistic, with silver flower production, flower production of the core with a circular coral reef. Spent batteries were in the form of point-like flow distribution, vary with each other in an orderly, very natural, without affectation, and a natural modal performance thoroughly, bringing the enjoyment of a wonderful (3) the work is the Hong Kong Jewelry Design Competition winning entries in a design theme inspired by the fireworks. Fun as splendid fireworks, as posed by the law of scatter is also rich and varied. This design style obviously stringent than romantic, then scatter the way constitute the most appropriate. We work to analyze changes in the composition of scatter: The bracelets with diamond material points of the organizations do with irregular, free-form, dotted with well-like, large or small, or to penetrate or highlights. Light reflects colorful diamonds color of fire, crystal clear and gorgeous, so that people think of a brilliant sky overhead, theTo different forms of fireworks in the ongoing release of combustion Chan, has a strong contrast, Figure (4) used in the design of works of scatter it is constituted of a subtle and rational. Designers seem to be scattered pearls carelessly will arrange the desktop, but with the density separation, color coordinated with all the designer can feel is the result of precision calculations. Works to constitute the main points of the spherical, large and small, individual units arranged in an orderly manner, during which the beating of the color or deep or shallow, with echoes of individual units, the proportion of pine has tight line from a point to a reasonable expression of a pearl subtle elegant temperament, China and the United States revealed in , use a similar combination of grouping, show style"Point" is not confined to the shape of a circle, it can be square, triangular, rectangular and irregular-shaped and so on. However, the size of its area, it is necessary to limit the "point" of the visual effects within the scope of. In a network such as the interval to a particular unit or group of dots, for the other transformation of the shape of one or a few, this approach is known as the grouping of similar composition. Grouping of similar features of a unified portfolio changes among for every quarter are new design elements, from the flowers, butterflies into strange geometric patterns have, and this season especially in accessories, as well as a variety of ring-shaped grouping of similar combinations for the latest focus of Figure (5-7) by show. Master's thesis writing and the past, this season is no longer simply to emphasize the ring, but that it is good to be different materials, different elements of the combination of gloss to make it with modern design. Decorative patterns are dots, square-point, diamond point, cross a variety of patterns, such as grouping similar combination of shape-based, uniformly distributed in the main line of the chain. Materials used are rubber, pearl, metal, glass, sum up, we can easily find designer jewelry are endless excavation to the "point" of artistic expression and influence. Precisely because of this, "point" has come to an end any more of the artistic expression and influence. Hopefully, our attention to jewelry design workers "point" of this basic design elements inspired to record their activities in the arts of thinking that the concept of instantaneous flash.

一、首饰的加工工艺可分为贵金属首饰加工工艺及宝石镶嵌工艺两大类。二、贵金属加工工艺又可分为传统手工加工工艺、机器加工工艺及表面处理工艺。三、传统手工加工工艺主要有花丝工艺，机器加工工艺包括失蜡浇铸工艺、冲压工艺、机链工艺等，表面处理工艺包括电镀工艺、压花工艺等。工艺细分1. 手工加工工艺 花丝工艺 花丝工艺是指用金属细丝经盘曲、掐花、真丝、堆累等手段制作造型的细金工艺。制作时首先将金或银等金属拉成所需粗细的丝，然后把拉成的丝合股拧起来（业内叫搓花丝），制作师根据图纸的花样用镊子将丝掐成各种花型，各个形状的部件攒在一起，撒上焊药粉过火，即焊起来连接成某种整体造型。这个整体造型被称为“黑胎”，黑胎经过稀酸清洗，还须进行点银、烧蓝、镀金或镀银等后续处理，最后成为一件成品。花丝首饰纤细、精巧，富有内涵，近视效果极好。2. 机器加工工艺 （1）失蜡浇铸工艺 失蜡浇铸是现今首饰业中最主要的一种生产工艺，失蜡浇铸而成的首饰也成为当今首饰的主流产品。浇涛工艺适合凹凸明显的首饰形态，并且可以进行大批量的生产。 失蜡浇铸加工工艺的流程为：制作金属模型——压制胶模——注蜡模——植蜡树——灌制石膏模——铸件浇铸。 （2）冲压工艺 冲压工艺也称模冲、压花，是一种浮雕图案制造工艺。其步骤为：先根据一个母模制出一个模子，然后通过压力在金属上制出浮雕图案。冲压工艺流程：压印图案、成型（弯曲）、将各连结合起来（通常用焊料）。 冲压工艺适用于底面凹凸的饰品，如小的锁片，或者起伏不明显、容易分两步或多步冲压成型或组合的物品，另外极薄的部件和需要精致的细部图案的首饰也需要用冲压工艺加工。 （3）机链加工工艺 机链加工工艺是指用机械进行链饰品加工的方法。常见的威尼斯链、珠子链、回纹链等项链均由机械加工而成。 机链加工主要工艺流程为：拉丝——制链——焊接——表面处理——装配——清理。 机链工艺的特点是加工批量大、效率高、款式多、质量好。现今市场中的项链首饰几乎已被机制项链所占领。3. 贵金属首饰的表面处理工艺 贵金属首饰在其制作的最后阶段都要进行表面处理，以达到理想的艺术效果。表面处理的方法很多，主要包括：錾刻、包金、电镀、车花（铣花）、喷砂等等。 （1）电镀工艺 电镀工艺是一种对贵金属首饰进行表面镀层处理的加工方法，如白银饰品的镀金处理、铂饰品的镀铑处理等。饰品电镀加工方法的主要流程为：酸碱洗——除油磨光——电镀。电镀工艺可以对贵金属首饰的表面色泽、光亮度进行保护，使首饰有更美丽的外观效果。 （2）包金工艺 包金工艺是将锤打得极薄的金箔层层包裹在非黄金的饰物上，然后加温，用工具把金箔牢牢地压在饰物表面，不留接缝。包金饰品外观酷似黄金饰品。包金工艺也是常见的首饰表面处理手段。 （3）錾刻工艺 錾刻工艺是一种用錾刀在贵金属表面用手工一锤一锤打造纹饰的工艺，纹饰可深可浅，凹凸起伏，光糙不一。 （4）车花（铣花） 用高速旋转的金钢石铣刀，在饰物表面刻出道道闪亮的横竖条痕并排列成花纹的工艺叫车花或铣花。由于金钢石铣刀十分坚硬，所以铣出来的条痕光洁闪烁。大家所称的闪光戒或闪光坠即是用车花工艺加工而成，很受人们青睐。 （5）喷砂 用高压将细石英砂喷击在暴露的抛光金属表面上，造成朦胧柔和的表面工艺。金属与宝石牢固连接的常用镶造方式主要有爪镶、包镶、迫镶、起钉镶、混镶等。 爪镶适合于镶嵌颗粒较大的刻面主石，这种镶法空心无底，透光明显，用金量小，加工方便，对宝石的大小要求不十分严格，但因焊口位较大，所以设计时最好另加衬托物遮盖其焊口位。爪镶包括二爪、三爪、四爪或六爪，镶嵌方便，但与包镶相比不太牢固。包镶抓石牢固，适合难于抓牢的凸面石或随形石，包括全包镶和半包镶，但包镶要求石形与镶口非常吻合，且难于修改。 迫镶和起钉镶主要用于小石的镶嵌，迫镶多用在小方石的群镶，而起钉镶则主要用于小圆石的群镶，包括马眼钉、梅花钉等。 将不同镶嵌方式结合在同一件首饰上，称之为混镶，这种镶法可以将大石与小石谐调的组合起来，并可以灵活地处理好高低位及各种弯度。首饰加工工艺质量评价顾客选购珠宝首饰时，营业员有责任帮助他们把好质量关，协助他们买到高质量的商品。不同工艺类型的珠宝首饰，质量检查的侧重点不同，具体情况如下：（1）花丝镶嵌首饰工艺质量要求：掐丝流畅，真丝均匀平整，金属丝不歪斜，不扭曲。 （2）失蜡浇铸首饰工艺质量要求：表面光洁、无砂眼、无裂隙，金属表面的修饰度好。 （3）车花首饰工艺质量要求：花纹造型优美自然，分布均匀，层次清楚，整体平整。 （4）冲压首饰工艺质量要求：表面平滑，抛光良好，无孔隙，致密坚硬，凹入部分精致，修饰度好，边棱尖锐。（5）镶嵌首饰工艺质量要求：宝石镶嵌应端正、平直，主石副石不松动，无掉石现象，宝石与齿口吻合无缝；镶边均匀平滑，镶爪高低长短适中，定位均匀分布合理；齿口的高度要与宝石的大小厚度相适应，俯视不露底托；首饰托架无走样变形，表面无划痕，更不能再现裂纹、断口现象。首饰设计趋向随着科学技术的进步，现代生活方式的变化，特别是现代艺术思想的影响，首饰设计得到了长足的发展。首饰设计师们努力顺应时代的潮流，在缤纷的世界中寻找自然，简洁和纯真的东西，以期望达到返朴归真和表达一种恒久美的艺术境界。首饰设计制造的三大潮流为简洁、装饰、回归自然。（1）造型 现代艺术首饰在造型方面正朝着简洁、几何、抽象装饰方向发展。设计师们熟练的应用简洁、明快的线条，三维空间的结构和抽象的几何造型，表达一种出人意料的构思，一件件精美的首饰实际上是一件件小型的雕塑品，甚至是一件件完美的圆雕，无论人们从哪个角度欣赏都可得到一种视觉享受。（2）主题 随着社会电讯、网络、信息传递及高科技的迅猛发展，世界各民族的文化和艺术常常产生异化，人们对于尖端技术所造成的现代物质产生一种难以名状的压力，对现代社会的急剧变革、竞争及环境污染产生焦虑，人们从内心深处希望得到一种宁静，在情感上渴望有一片温馨的绿洲，表现在首饰设计中，人们崇尚古典艺术和复古之风，追求传统风格和民族特色，提倡回归自然、返朴归真，这些将成为永恒的主题。为了表现这一主题，那些美丽的花草、可爱的动物、质朴的民族纹饰将被更多地运用在首饰设计中。（3）材料 随着社会的发展，在首饰的材质上，人们将不再拘泥于传统昂贵的材料，新型材料层出不穷，包括有机材料和无机材料，甚至俯首可得的材料，都将赋予作品更丰富的内涵和极强的表现力。例如钛金这种以往很少使用的材料在被加热后可变换出丰富的色彩，极富层次感，常被一些现代首饰大师采用。（4）加工工艺 现代首饰制作已不再单纯拘泥于传统的失蜡浇铸及装饰雕琢工艺，只要作品需要，艺术家们可采用更多的工业加工方法，如车、铣、刨、磨、铆、钻、电镀、喷砂、腐蚀等等，这些加工工艺将给首饰制造带来意想不到的效果。（5）个性化生产 现代首饰的设计者，其设计不满足于从前的只是绘画，将制作交由匠人去完成的方式，而是努力表现个性，视整个制作过程为完成其创作的过程。他们的作品多数在个人的工作室中以手工制作，辅以精密机械加工完成。艺术家将其特有的灵感与精湛的手艺融为一体，一件成功的作品是完美的、优秀的设计与金工技术的结晶。这只是一些很笼统的资料，你最好去买专业知识的本书看看。

如果你想自己设计一款饰品的话我推荐你去一家珠宝公司 他们有这项服务因为我之前也是很喜欢一个吊坠，可是外面找不到，后来朋友介绍我在一家珠宝公司定制而且定制出来的效果和我想象的一样，很漂亮的如果你有兴趣的话，可以去看看或者了解下的你可以上谷歌或者百度搜索他们公司的名字就看到他们的官网了他们公司叫星诗曼