难得明白
毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节,也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果,培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。一、标题标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题,样式繁多,但无论是何种形式,总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。(一)总标题总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有:①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题,高度概括全文内容,往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性,便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多,也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式,隐去要回答的内容,实际上作者的观点是十分明确的,只不过语意婉转,需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄,轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。②交代内容范围。这种形式的标题,从其本身的角度看,看不出作者所指的观点,只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题,一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳;另一方面,交代文章内容的范围,可引起同仁读者的注重,以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定,可伸可缩,具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的,面较小,但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性,面较宽。这种从小处着眼,大处着手的标题,有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。⑤用形象化的语句。如《激励人心的治理体制》、《科技史上的曙光》、《普照之光的理论》等。标题的样式还有多种,作者可以在实践中大胆创新。(二)副标题和分标题为了点明论文的研究对象、研究内容、研究目的,对总标题加以补充、解说,有的论文还可以加副标题。非凡是一些商榷性的论文,一般都有一个副标题,如在总标题下方,添上“与××商榷”之类的副标题。另外,为了强调论文所研究的某个侧重面,也可以加副标题。如《如何看待现阶段劳动报酬的差别——也谈按劳分配中的资产阶级权利》、《开发蛋白质资源,提高蛋白质利用效率——探讨解决吃饭问题的一种发展战略》等。设置分标题的主要目的是为了清楚地显示文章的层次。有的用文字,一般都把本层次的中心内容昭然其上;也有的用数码,仅标明“一、二、三”等的顺序,起承上启下的作用。需要注重的是:无论采用哪种形式,都要紧扣所属层次的内容,以及上文与下文的联系紧密性。二、目录一般说来,篇幅较长的毕业论文,都没有分标题。设置分标题的论文,因其内容的层次较多,整个理论体系较庞大、复杂,故通常设目录。设置目录的目的主要是:1.使读者能够在阅读该论文之前对全文的内容、结构有一个大致的了解,以便读者决定是读还是不读,是精读还是略读等。2.为读者选读论文中的某个分论点时提供方便。长篇论文,除中心论点外,还有许多分论点。当读者需要进一步了解某个分论点时,就可以依靠目录而节省时间。目录一般放置在论文正文的前面,因而是论文的导读图。要使目录真正起到导读图的作用,必须注重:1.准确。目录必须与全文的纲目相一致。也就是说,本文的标题、分标题与目录存在着一一对应的关系。2.清楚无误。目录应逐一标注该行目录在正文中的页码。标注页码必须清楚无误。3.完整。目录既然是论文的导读图,因而必然要求具有完整性。也就是要求文章的各项内容,都应在目录中反映出来,不得遗漏。目录有两种基本类型:1.用文字表示的目录。2.用数码表示的目录。这种目录较少见。但长篇大论,便于读者阅读,也有采用这种方式的。三、内容提要内容提要是全文内容的缩影。在这里,作者以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。内容提要是正文的附属部分,一般放置在论文的篇首。写作内容提要的目的在于:1.为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时,先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解,知道研究所取得的主要成果,研究的主要逻辑顺序。2.为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要,就能大略了解作者所研究的问题,假如产生共鸣,则再进一步阅读全文。在这里,内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。因此,内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来,便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面,不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋,缺乏说明观点的材料。内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。报道性提要,主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等,对文章内容的提示较全面。指示性提要,只简要地叙述研究的成果(数据、看法、意见、结论等),对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。四、关键词关键词是标示文献关键主题内容,但未经规范处理的主题词。它是为了文献标引工作,从论文中选取出来,用以表示全文主要内容信息款目的单词或术语。一篇论文可选取3~8个词作为关键词。五、目录目录按章、节、条三级标题编写,要求标题层次清晰。目录中的标题要与正文中标题一致。目录中应包括绪论、论文主体、结论、致谢、参考文献、附录等。六、正文一般来说,学术论文主题的内容应包括以下三个方面:1.事实根据(通过本人实际考察所得到的语言、文化、文学、教育、社会、思想等事例或现象)。提出的事实根据要客观、真实,必要时要注明出处;2.前人的相关论述(包括前人的考察方法、考察过程、所得结论等)。理论分析中,应将他人的意见、观点与本人的意见、观点明确区分。无论是直接引用还是间接引用他人的成果,都应该注明出处;3.本人的分析、论述和结论等。做到使事实根据、前人的成果和本人的分析论述有机地结合,注意其间的逻辑关系。七、结论结论应是毕业论文的最终的、总体的结论,换句话说,结论应是整篇论文的结局、是整篇论文的归宿,而不是某一局部问题或某一分支问题的结论,也不是正文中各段的小结的简单重复。结论是该论文结论应当体现作者更深层的认识,且是从全篇论文的全部材料出发,经过推理、判断、归纳等逻辑分析过程而得到的新的学术总观念、总见解。 结论可采“结论”等字样,要求精炼、准确地阐述自己的创造性工作或新的见解及其意义和作用,还可提出需要进一步讨论的问题和建议。结论应该准确、完整、明确、精练。该部分的写作内容一般应包括以下几个方面:1.本文研究结果说明了什么问题;2.对前人有关的看法作了哪些修正、补充、发展、证实或否定。3.本文研究的不足之处或遗留未予解决的问题,以及对解决这些问题的可能的关键点和方向,。八、致谢按照GB7713-87的规定,致谢语句可以放在正文后,体现对下列方面致谢:国家科学基金、资助研究工作的奖学金基金、合同单位、资助和支持的企业、组织或个人;协助完成研究工作和提供便利条件的组织或个人;在研究工作中提出建议和提供帮助的人;给予转载和引用权的资料、图片、文献、研究思想和设想的所有者;其他应感谢的组织和人。在我们的毕业论文中的致谢里主要感谢导师和对论文工作有直接贡献及帮助的人士和单位。九、参考文献在学术论文后一般应列出参考文献(表),其目的有三,即:1.为了能反映出真实的科学依据;2.为了体现严肃的科学态度,分清是自己的观点或成果还是别人的观点或成果;3.为了对前人的科学成果表示尊重,同时也是为了指明引用资料出处,便于检索。毕业论文的撰写应本着严谨、求实的科学态度,凡有引用他人成果之处,均应按论文中所出现的先后次序列于参考文献中,并且只列出正文中以标注形式引用或参考的有关著作和论文,参考文献应按正文中出现的顺序列出直接引用的主要参考文献。十、附录对于一些不宜放入正文中、但作为毕业论文又是不可缺少的部分,或有重要参考价值的内容,可编入毕业论文附录中。例如问卷调查原件、数据、图表及其说明等。
爱宇冰冰
一、毕业论文(设计)的装订顺序依次为封面、诚信承诺书、目录、中文摘要与中文关键词、英文摘要与英文关键词、正文、注释(可选)、参考文献、致谢。二、毕业论文(设计说明书)编写要求1、封面(采用学校统一印制的封面纸)具体内容包括:题目名称、系别、专业名称、班级、学生姓名、学号、指导教师和论文完成时间等。题目名称应简短、明确、有概括性,必要时可加副标题。字数一般不宜超过20个汉字。(注意封面题目与论文正文的题目要一致)2、诚信承诺书诚信承诺书要单独一页,背面空白。3、目录目录按毕业论文(设计说明书)顺序分三级层次编写,要标明页数,以便阅读。目录中的标题应与正文中的标题一致。4、摘要摘要是毕业论文(设计说明书)内容的简短陈述,应以简要文字介绍研究课题的目的、方法、主要内容及主要结果或结论,字数约为300~500字。摘要前以“[摘要]”作为标识。5、关键词关键词是反映毕业论文(设计说明书)最主要内容的词语或术语。关键词数量一般为3~5个。关键词前以“[关键词]”作为标识,关键词之间用“;”分隔。(中文标题、摘要、关键词与英文标题、摘要、关键词各占一页,详见《论文格式》)6、引言或前言等可选内容,笔者认为有必要可写则写,不写亦可。7、正文正文应充分阐明毕业论文(设计说明书)的观点、原理、方法等。正文应分层深入,逐层剖析,并按层设分层标题并编号。标题序次结构采用下列形式:(1)经济管理类毕业论文用:一、(一)1.(1)①……依此类推(2)理工设计类毕业设计和外语类毕业论文用:……依此类推注释主要对文中某一特定内容作必要的解释或说明,可夹在文内(加圆括号),也可排在页末或篇末。序号用带圆圈的阿拉伯数字表示。正文中引述他人的观点、统计数据或计算公式应注明出处,并尽量在句末右上角标注参考文献的编号。毕业论文(设计说明书)中的表格应统一编序(如:表4),也可以逐章单独编序(如:表2-3)。表格编序必须连续,不得重复或跳跃。表格的结构应简洁。各栏都应标注量和相应的单位。表格内数字须上下对齐,相邻栏内的数值相同时,不能用“同上”、“同左”和其它类似用词,应一一重新标注。表的标题和序号置于表格上方中间位置。插图应连续编序(如:图5),也可以逐章单独编序(如:图3-8),图的序号必须连续,不得重复或跳跃。图的标题和序号置于图下方中间位置。标点符号应符合GB/T15834-1995《标点符号用法》的规定。量的单位应符合国务院《关于我国统一实行法定计量单位的命令》等文件的规定。毕业论文(设计说明书)中测量、统计的数据一律用阿拉伯数字。公历的年、月、日一律用阿拉伯数字,如:2009年4月5日,农历的年、月、日一律用汉字,如:二〇〇九年四月十七日。经济管理类论文正文字数原则上不少于6000字,外语专业用外文撰写的毕业论文正文字数不少于3000字。8、参考文献参考文献反映了毕业论文(设计说明书)的参考材料来源。引用文献必须在文中引用处体现出来,并按顺序编号。所列参考文献资料来源不得少于6项。常用参考文献的书写格式如下:⑴期刊:[序号]作者.题名[J].期刊名称,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.⑵书籍:[序号]著者.书名[M].版次(第一版应省略).出版地:出版者,出版年份:起止页码.⑶论文集:[序号]著者.题名[C].编者.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年份:起止页码.⑷学位论文:[序号]作者.题名[D].保存地.保存单位,年份.⑸专利文献:[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,发布日期.⑹国际、国家标准:[序号]标准代号,标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年份.⑺报纸文章:[序号]作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期及期号(版次).⑻电子文献:[序号]作者.电子文献题名[EB/OL].电子文献的出版或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).9、致谢主要对在完成毕业论文(设计)过程中给予帮助较大的指导老师、领导、同学等表示谢意,字数一般不超过500字。三、毕业论文(设计说明书)的排版格式要求1、排版要求为:页面统一采用A4纸,页边距为左,上、下、右均为2cm。毕业论文在左侧装订。2、“目录”二字用小二号黑体,字间空一个汉字,居中;目录内容采用小四号宋体,倍行距,下空一行为各层次标题及其开始页码,页码放在行末,目录内容和页码之间用虚线或点连接。往下另起一页接“题目”及“摘要”。3、论文题目为二号黑体字,居中。论文题目下空一行打印摘要,“摘要”二字为小四号黑体,居左排列,摘要内容为小四号宋体倍行距。摘要内容下空一行打印关键词,“关键词”为小四号黑体,其后具体关键词采用小四号宋体,各关键词间用“;”分隔,结束不用标点符号。中文的“摘要”、“关键词”内容与英文的“摘要”、“关键词”内容要单独分页打印装订。4、标题:第一层次标题以小二号黑体,居中打印,标题下空一行;第二层次标题,以小四号黑体居左空两个汉字字符排列;第三层次标题,以小四号黑体居左空两个汉字字符排列等。5、正文:采用小四号宋字体、行间距为倍行距,页码设置为页脚1厘米,居中排列。6、图、表的题名为小四号宋字体。7、“注释”小三号黑体,居中排列,字间空一个汉字字符。“注释”各项内容用小四号仿宋字体,倍行距。注释排在正文篇末空两行。8、“参考文献”用小三号黑体,居中排列。参考文献各项内容用小四号仿宋字体,倍行距。“参考文献”要单独一页排版。9、致谢“致谢”小三号黑体,居中排列,字间空一个汉字字符。致谢内容要单独一页排版。四、打印要求所有材料要求单面打印。
小小爱小吃
英文毕业论文致谢信范文(五篇)
【第1篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)
First of all, I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of this thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.
Last, I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
【第2篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)
I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of the thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.
I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
【第3篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)
My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis; I wish to exPss my sincere apPciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here atTai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.
Firstly, I would like to exPss my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its Psent form.
Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their Pcious suggestions for my study here.
Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
【第4篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)
First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the completion of this thesis.
High tribute shall be paid to Ms. Geng Li, whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English.
I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me.
Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on the draft.
Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.
【第5篇】论文致谢词范文(英文版)
At the very first, I am honored to exPss my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticisms with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly apPciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me complete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the completion of this thesis.
Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in coming up with ideas.
At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement.
尐籹孒16
编写提纲的步骤:(一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来,再把选用的材料插进去,就形成了论文内容的提要。(二)原稿纸页数的分配写好毕业论文的提要之后,要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短,文章的各个部分,大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文,考虑序论用1页,本论用17页,结论用1—2页。本论部分再进行分配,如本论共有四项,可以第一项3—4页,第二项用4—5页,第三项3—4页,第四项6—7页。有这样的分配,便于资料的配备和安排,写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000—6000字,因为过短,问题很难讲透,而作为毕业论文也不宜过长,这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(三)编写提纲论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的,只提示论文的要点,如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单,但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的,写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备,边想边写很难顺利地写下去。以《关于培育和完善建筑劳动力市场的思考》为例,简单提纲可以写成下面这样:如何落笔拟定毕业论文提纲呢?首先要把握拟定毕业论文提纲的原则,为此要掌握如下四个方面:(一)要有全局观念,从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当,篇幅的长短是否合适,每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的,作者以浙江××市某企业为例,说只要干部在改革中以身作则,与职工同甘共苦,可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折,我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定,没有论述通过深化改革,转换企业经营机制,提高了企业经济效益,职工收入增加,最终达到社会稳定。(二)从中心论点出发,决定材料的取舍,把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃,尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失,才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵,台不得剪裁去,也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣,必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以,我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的,离开了这一点,无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。(三)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病,是论点和论据没有必然联系,有的只限于反复阐述论点,而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆,论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系,这样的毕业论文都是不合乎要求的,这样的毕业论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力,必须有虚有实,有论点有例证,理论和实际相结合,论证过程有严密的逻辑性,拟提纲时特别要注意这一点,检查这一点。
鼹鼠大小姐
毕业论文写作的内容和标准格式⑴题名.是以最恰当,最简明的语词反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合,应避免使用的不常见的省略词,首字母缩写字,字符,代号和公式,字数一般不宜超过20个题名用语.⑵作者姓名和单位,两人以上,一般按贡献大小排列名次.①文责自负;②记录成果;③便于检索⑶摘要:是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,中文摘要一般不会超过300字,不阅读全文,即可从中获得重要信息.外文250实词.包括:①本研究重要性;②主要研究内容,使用方法;③总研究成果,突出的新见解,阐明最终结论.重点是结果和结论.⑷关键词.是从论文中选取出以表示全文主题内容信息款目的单词或术语,一般3-7个,有专用《主题词表》.⑸引言.回来说明研究工作的目的,范围,相关领域的前,人工作和知识布局,理论基础和分析,研究设想,研究方法,预期结果和意义.⑹正文⑺结论:是指全文最终的,总体的结论,而不是正文中各段小结的简单重复.要求准确,完整,明晰,精练.⑻致谢:是对论文写作有过帮助的人表示谢意,要求态度诚恳,文字简洁.⑼参考文献表(注释),文中直接引用过的各种参考文献,均应开列,格式包括作者,题目和出版事项(出版地,出版社,出版年,起始页码)连续出版物依次注明出版物名称,出版日期和期数,起止页码.⑽附录:在论文中注明附后的文字图表等.
奇文文1314
著名教育学家乌申斯基说:“没有任何兴趣,而被迫进行的学习,会扼杀学生掌握知识的意愿。”孔子曰:“知之者,不如好知者,好之者,不如乐之者。”许多心理学家和教育学家都有过这样的感慨。作为英语教师,我对利用英语课堂教学中培养学生的学习兴趣的重要性感触颇深。在此,愿将自己的点滴体会和作法介绍给同行,希望它能引起共鸣。 第一,提高自身综合素质(道德品质、语言知识、文化知识、言语表达能力和艺术、教研教改能力、交际能力和理论水平),努力使自己适应新大纲新教材的要求,适应新时期教育教学的要求。不断丰富教育教学理论、钻研业务;不断更新专业知识,了解专业发展的新动向。只有这样,才能根据学生和教学实际,运用不同的教学手段和技能技巧引导学生熟练地掌握英语,给学生以良好的影响。 第二,明确学生的学习目的、确定学习目标,激发学生的学习兴趣。当今世界正处在信息时代,科学技术迅猛发展,计算机的普及运用、网络的连通,正在使人类社会越来越成为一个相互依存的世界,英语则是这一世界的最有用的交流思想的工具。可以说英语已经成为了进入二十一世纪的通行证。通过给学生们介绍学习英语的重要性,再以日常生活中的运用英语的事例加以说明,使学生明确学习目的,端正学习态度,激发兴趣,增强求知欲。确定学习目标,可以让学生明确一个时期内或一节课的主攻对象,克服学习中的盲目性。这不仅可以增强学生学习的积极性、主动性,提高兴趣,而且是发挥学生主体作用的必要条件。 第三,指导学习方法,使兴趣正常发展。心理学的研究和教学实践表明:采用生动的,适合学生心理发展水平的教学方式,可以成功地培养学生的学习兴趣。如:英语教学(尤其在起始阶段)应该在唱中学,在情景中说,在说中熟,在游戏中运用掌握。在平时的教学中,教师多用英语组织教学,开辟英语语言环境,再配以大量的感性材料和电化教学手段,多给学生提供英语对话、表演、朗读的机会和时间,使学生在语境中学好英语,始终保持浓厚兴趣。因此,在日常的教学过程中,我侧重开展了以下活动: 1.坚持每节一笑或一哭。在每一节课的开始或结束前,请一名同学用英语讲一个让大家笑的笑话,或一个让大家哭的心酸故事。不仅锻炼了学生的英语口语、听力,而且提高了学生的心理素质。在很大程度上,也激发了学生的学习英语的兴趣。 2.结合教材内容中的重点、难点,给学生布置”每人每天五句漂亮英语”的任务。刚开始由教师根据当天所学内容提炼“五个具有一定鼓动性的地道的英语句子”,要求学生熟读,一直达到脱口而出的地步,并且创造机会让他们都炫耀炫耀他们的漂亮英语,地道的英语句子。经过一段时间的引导以后,开始逐渐地由学生自己去发现地道的英语句子。这一任务的经常性,使学生慢慢地形成了作读书笔记的习惯。几乎每个学生都有自己的“句子财富”。有时,他们甚至会因为报刊杂志上的某个精彩句子而兴奋不已;有时,他们甚至会一天找十几句漂亮英语,弄得我经常求他们允许我“盗版”。 3.每人每天准备一句谚语或名人名言,结组交流。各小组每天评一个最佳谚语或名人名言,在课前写在黑板上供大家欣赏。 4.每周阅读欣赏一篇好文章,从中汲取精华为我所用,并把它融会贯通,为写作打下坚实的基础。如:在我们学到第一册 UNIT 13,LESSON 50 Abraham Lincoln时,给学生介绍了著名的 Gettsburg Speech ;在我们学到第二册 UNIT 19,LESSON 74-75 Martin Luther King,Jr. 时,给学生介绍了著名的 I Have a Dream;等等。学生在研读这类文章时,不仅提炼出其中的精华消化吸收,而且渐渐地体会到“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”的感觉。 5.每周一歌。我充分利用录音机、电脑等电化教育学段,教会学生了许多英文歌曲,如:Yesterday Once More;Say you Say me;Old Black Joe;The Red River Valley;Whatever will be will be;My Heart Will Go On and On等。TITANIC中的一曲My heart will go and on一经班内同学唱出,校内的五名音乐特长生先后找到我,表示要实现英语学科上零的突破。 6.每月读一本英文故事书。要求每个学生根据自己的英语水平选读至少一本英语故事书。很多世界名著的简写本都成了学生的心爱之书,如:A Tale of Two Cities; One Million-pound Note;Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; Robin Hood; Stories by William Shakespeare;Treasure Island; Tom Sawyer; Jane Eyre; Oliver Twist等。 在这些做法的操作过程中,注意吃透教材的同时,还必须吃透学生情况,根据学生的认识水平,接受能力,知识基础等方面的因素,确定每一阶段方法方式;结合每天五句漂亮英语、名人名言、名人名篇的内容适时地培养学生的自信心,结合各项活动给学生提供产生“成就感”机会;经常提问,让学生自学、讨论,引导学生不满足于死记硬背,而注重理解,独立思考,多提供机会,使学生把自己的聪明才智用到掌握知识、解决问题上来,使学生感受到知识增长的喜悦,促使学生学习英语的兴趣进一步加深,真正学到知识,提高能力。 第四,全身心地投入教学之中,以爱心感动学生,以自己的行动行为带动学生。培养学生学习兴趣时,教师要尊重学生,爱护学生的自尊心,使学生对教师有亲切感、信任感,增强学生的学习积极性。在课堂教学时,教师做到精神焕发,情绪饱满,创造引人入胜的情景,使学生头脑中兴奋中心向着要进行的教学活动转移、接近,引起学生对即将进行的教学活动的兴趣和求知欲,创造一种对学习起推动作用的活跃气氛,使学生处于一种跃跃欲试的状态。这样学生听课情绪也会为之一振,并会以高度集中的注意力去听讲。长期坚持下去,学生才会“亲其师,信其道”。 通过一段时间的努力,学生都形成了稳定的、强烈的学习兴趣,产生学习英语知识、提高英语听、说、读、写、译能力的内驱力。学习英语再也不是负担,而是一种娱乐,一种休息。 每天课前,都会从教室里传出动听的英文歌声;每天一上课,都会有一名同学落落大方地走上讲台,给大家讲一个令人捧腹的笑话或一个令人难忘悲伤故事;每天一上课,黑板上都会写有班内五个学英语小组选出来的最佳谚语或名人名言供大家欣赏;每个月末,都利用一节课举办一个小型英语歌曲演唱会,名人名篇朗诵会,读书体会交流会;每一学期,组织一、两次英语综合能力大奖赛。每一次活动,无论大小,学生们都跃跃欲试,各显神通,人人有用武之地,个个有机会体验成功! Educators famous Ukrainian Nina said: "No interest, and was compelled to carry out the study, would stifle students to acquire knowledge and the will." Confucius said: "Those who know, know as well, the good, not the music." Many psychologists and educators have had such emotion . As an English teacher, I used to train in the English classroom teaching students to learn the importance of deep feelings about. Here, their willingness to Experience and practices introduced to the peer and hoped that it would resonate. First, to improve our overall quality (moral character, knowledge of languages and cultural knowledge, verbal expression and the arts, education reform and research capabilities, interpersonal skills and theoretical level), efforts to adapt themselves to new outline new materials to cope with the new era educational requirements. Constantly enriched educational theory, studying business; Constantly updated expertise to understand the new trends in professional development. Only in this way can the students and teaching practice, using different means of teaching skills and techniques to guide the students to master English proficiency, students with good effect. Second, students learn to clearly determine learning goals and inspire students to learn. The world today is in the information age, science and technology are developing rapidly, the universal use of computers, network connectivity, the human society is increasingly becoming an interdependent world, the world of English is the most useful tool for the exchange of ideas. It can be said that English has become the 21st century passes. Through learning to students on the importance of English and then to use English in daily life examples to illustrate, to enable students to learn to clear, correct attitude towards learning, stimulate interest and enhance thirst for knowledge. Set learning goals, it will give students a clear or a period of the main targets, learning to overcome blindness. This will not only enhance the students learning the enthusiasm, initiative and raise interest, but students play the main role in the necessary conditions. Third, guidance learning methods, the normal interest in the development. Psychology research and teaching practice that: lively, suitable for students of the psychological development of teaching methods, students can successfully cultivate interest in learning. Such as: English Teaching (especially in the start-up phase) should be sung in schools, in that scenario, said in cooked, use master in the game. In peacetime teaching, teachers use English Teaching, open up English language environment Coupled with a lot of emotional power of the materials and teaching methods, to provide students with more English dialogue, performances, the opportunity and time to read, so that students in secondary Context good English, always maintained strong interest. Therefore, in the course of day-to-day teaching, I focused in the following activities: 1. Adhere each laugh or a cry. In each class, or the beginning of the end to an English speaking students with a joke for everyone laugh, or you cry to a sad story. Exercise not only students of English speaking, listening, but also improve the psychological quality of the students. To a large extent, also inspired the students interested in learning English. 2. Combining content of the materials focus on key to the students staged "per person per day five beautiful English" task. Teachers from the beginning of the day by refining content "will grow 5 with the authentic English sentence," the students familiar with, the stage has been reached blurted out, and to create opportunities for them to show they are flaunting a beautiful English, authentic English phrases. After a period of time after the guide, start gradually by the students themselves to find authentic English phrases. This task often, students slowly formed to study notes habits. Almost every student has its own "sentence wealth." Sometimes, they will even newspapers and magazines because of a brilliant sentence and excited; Sometimes, they will even say a few nice day for 10 English, I often get them for allowing me to "pirate." 3. Each day for a celebrity or famous proverb, a guitar group exchanges. On a day the teams best celebrity or famous proverb, in the classroom for inspection before writing you to the blackboard. 4. Weekly appreciate a good article to read, to learn the essence for our use, and to digest it, to lay a solid foundation for writing. Example: In our first learned of UNIT 13, 50 LESSON Abraham Lincoln, to the students on the famous Gettsburg Speech; We learned of the second UNIT 19, 74-75 LESSON Martin Luther King, Jr. When introduced to the students the famous I Have a Dream; Etc. . Students studying in these articles, which not only extracted the essence of digestion and absorption, and gradually realize that "familiar with the Tang Dynasty 300, a poem will not shrugged." 5. Every Monday songs. I fully utilize tape recorders, computers, and audio-visual education school, the church many students English songs, such as: Yesterday Once More; Say you Say me; Old Black Joe; The Red River Valley; Whatever will be will be; My Heart Will Go On and On. . TITANIC in a My heart will go on and on with the students singing classes, the school has five music talent and I find that English subjects to achieve zero breakthrough. 6. Monthly Reading an English story books. According to require each student to choose their level of English at an English story books. Many world famous acronyms of the students have become the beloved book, such as: A Tale of Two Cities; One Million-pound Note; Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; Robin Hood; Stories by William Shakespeare; Treasure Island; Tom Sawyer; Jane Eyre; And Oliver Twist. These practices in the operation process, pay attention to the materials thoroughly, students must also understand well, according to the level of understanding, acceptance, and the knowledge base, identify each stage method; With five beautiful English daily, celebrity famous, famous celebrities in the timely capacity to train students self-confidence, with various activities to provide students with a "sense of achievement"; often questions for students learning, discussion and guide the students satisfied with rote, and focus on understanding, independent thinking, provide more opportunity for the students to their talent use knowledge to solve question, to increase knowledge to enable students feel the joy of learning English to students interested in further deepening and truly learn, and enhance our ability. Fourth, threw himself into teaching, the students moved to love, to conduct their own actions led students. Training students interested in learning, teachers must respect students, students love the self-esteem, students teachers friendliness, a sense of trust, enhance student learning initiative. When teaching in the classroom, teachers do refreshed, emotional plump, creating spectacular scenes, in the minds of excited students to the center toward teaching activities transfer, nearly caused students to the teaching activities of the forthcoming interest and thirst for knowledge, creating a starting role in promoting the study of living Yue atmosphere, the temptation to students in a state. Such students will be taught emotional our spirits and will be highly concentrated attention to the lecture. A long time to go, students will be "pro-its divisions, its letter Road." Through the efforts of a period of time, students have formed a stable, strong interest in learning and knowledge have to learn English to improve English language skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation capabilities Drive. Learning English is no longer affordable, but an entertainment, a break. The day before, from the classroom will be warned that the English-sounding voice; A school day, students will have a royal took to the podium, speaking to you is himself a joke or a sad story is unforgettable; One day classes will be written on the blackboard in five English classes elected by the Panel the best celebrity or famous proverb for you to; at the end of each month, using an English class held a small concert songs, recite the famous celebrities, reading of the exchange; each semester, an organization, two English comprehensive ability Grand Prix. Every event, large or small, students have the temptation to channel, they have all, everyone has the opportunity to experience success!
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可
能。重复率很高,它提供的文章内容都是现已经发布在网上的内容,论文在提交时,会因为重复率过高而打回,而且属于抄袭行为。
秘塔写作猫相同类型的论文不会一样。据网上资料查询得知,秘塔写作猫开发公司自动写作用的是量子写作,采用生成式AI,内容绝对不重复,是有保证的。
看完 TED的演讲(你有拖延症吗?) ,觉得很有意思。到大神的网站吧原文扒了下来(赤裸裸的抄袭)。 这是 如何打败拖延症 的链接 拖延症 我说字典你是和
论文框架由以下几部分组成: 1、介绍 简要地总结论文主题,说明为什么这个主题有价值,也许还可以概述一下你的主要结果。 2、背景信息(可选) 简短地介绍背景信息是