你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
"The Black Cat" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of The Saturday Evening Post. It is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart".[1] In both, a murderer carefully conceals his crime and believes himself unassailable, but eventually breaks down and reveals himself, impelled by a nagging reminder of his guilt. The story is presented as a first-person narrative using an unreliable narrator. The narrator tells us that from an early age he has loved animals. He and his wife have many pets, including a large black cat named Pluto. This cat is especially fond of the narrator and vice versa. Their mutual friendship lasts for several years, until the narrator becomes an alcoholic. One night, after coming home intoxicated, he believes the cat is avoiding him. When he tries to seize it, the panicked cat bites the narrator, and in a fit of rage, he seizes the animal, pulls a pen-knife from his pocket, and deliberately gouges out the cat's that moment onward, the cat flees in terror at his master's approach. At first, the narrator is remorseful and regrets his cruelty. "But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS." He takes the cat out in the garden one morning and hangs it from a tree, where it dies. That very night, his house mysteriously catches on fire forcing the narrator, his wife and their servant to next day, the narrator returns to the ruins of his home to find, imprinted on the single wall that survived the fire, the figure of a gigantic cat, hanging by its neck from a first, this image terrifies the narrator, but gradually he determines a logical explanation for it, that someone outside had thrown the dead cat into the bedroom to wake him up during the fire, and begins to miss Pluto. Some time later, he finds a similar cat in a tavern. It is the same size and color as the original and is even missing an eye. The only difference is a large white patch on the animal's chest. The narrator takes it home, but soon begins to loathe, even fear the creature. After a time, the white patch of fur begins to take shape and, to the narrator, forms the shape of the , one day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its master's feet and nearly trips him down the stairs. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tries to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife. Enraged, he kills her with the axe instead. To conceal her body he removes bricks from a protrusion in the wall, places her body there, and repairs the hole. When the police came to investigate, they find nothing and the narrator goes free. The cat, which he intended to kill as well, has gone the last day of the investigation, the narrator accompanies the police into the cellar. There, completely confident in his own safety, the narrator comments on the sturdiness of the building and raps upon the wall he had built around his wife's body. A wailing sound fills the room. The alarmed police tear down the wall and find the wife's corpse, and on her head, to the horror of the narrator, is the screeching black cat. As he words it: "I had walled the monster up within the tomb!" Like the narrator in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator of "The Black Cat" has questionable sanity. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be "mad indeed" if he should expect a reader to believe the story, implying that he has already been accused of madness.[2]One of Poe's darkest tales, "The Black Cat" includes his strongest denouncement of alcohol. The narrator's perverse actions are brought on by his alcoholism, a "disease" and "fiend" which also destroys his personality.[3] The use of the black cat evokes various superstitions, including the idea voiced by the narrator's wife that they are all witches in disguise. The titular cat is named Pluto after the Roman god of the Underworld. Publication history"The Black Cat" was first published in the August 19, 1843 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. At the time, the publication was using the temporary title United States Saturday Post.[4] Readers immediately responded favorably to the story, spawning parodies including Thomas Dunn English's "The Ghost of the Grey Tadpole".[5][edit] Adaptations [edit] In film "The Black Cat" was adapted into a film starring Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff in 1934 and another with Lugosi and Basil Rathbone in 1941, although neither version bears much resemblance to the original story.[5] Many other adaptations exist but the most faithful to the original is the middle segment of Roger Corman's trilogy film Tales of Terror in 1962.[5] Although the overall film was cast with Vincent Price as the lead, in this segment, he was in a supporting role with Peter Lorre as the main character. The 1934 film Maniac also loosely adapts the story. This version follows a former vaudeville actor who kills a doctor and takes the doctor's place to hide his crime. "The Black Cat" was also adapted into a film of the same name by Italian horror director Lucio Fulci in 1981. Film director Dario Argento presented his own loose adaptation of the story in the 1990 anthology film Two Evil Eyes.[edit] In television "The Black Cat" is the eleventh episode of the second season of Masters of Horror. The plot essentially retells the short story in a semi-autobiographical manner, with Poe himself undergoing a series of events involving a black cat which he used to inspire the story of the same name.[edit] Recordings In 1997, a compilation of Poe's work was released on a double CD entitled Closed on Account of Rabies, with various celebrities lending their voices to the tales. The Black Cat was read by avant-garde performer Diamanda Galás.[edit] References in literary works In 1970, Czech writer Ludvík Vaculík made many references to "A Descent into the Maelstr�0�2m" as well as "The Black Cat" in his novel The Guinea Pigs.[edit] References in art In 1910-11 Futurist artist Gino Severini painted "The Black Cat" in direct reference to Poe's short story. An illustration and description can be found at this site
简介：小说《黑猫》中，“我”因成了酒鬼，权暴地将家里的宠物黑猫的一只眼睛挖掉，后又将它吊死，谁知当晚家中失火。怀着仟悔的心情，“我”收养了一只不知来路的独眼黑猫，因苦于猫老是“执勤地跟着我的脚步走”，“弄得我跌跌撞撞”，一气之下抄起斧头去杀猫，妻子将“我”挡住，“我”将妻子杀死，把尸体砌进墙力。没想到黑猫也被砌进墙里。当警察到地窖来检查时，黑猫的叫声，使警察找到了杀妻的证据。《黑猫》：是美国作家爱伦·坡的短篇小说之一。讲述了一个人对于黑猫的心理惧怕。作家写的是猫，但表现的却是人；写的是人杀死猫或猫杀死人，但表现的主要是人“杀死”人；写的是黑猫与“我”之间的“爱”和“恨”，表现的是人与人之间、人与自然之间的“爱”和“恨”，其真正凸现的是黑猫形象的象征意蕴——对病态人格的反思。埃德加·爱伦·坡：（Edgar Allan Poe），生于1809年1月19日，逝于1849年10月7日，美国作家，诗人，编辑和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世，他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一，又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖，进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家，从而导致贫困潦倒。
有资料，说明
写哥特小说中的犯罪行为及其表达的内涵吧。
坡写的那篇评论文是《本能与理性——一只黑猫》，百科上就有提到
你这篇中国知网也好，万方数据也好都有例子！甚至百度文库都有！==================论文写作方法===========================论文网上没有免费的，与其花人民币，还不如自己写，万一碰到人的，就不上算了。写作论文的简单方法，首先大概确定自己的选题，然后在网上查找几份类似的文章，通读一遍，对这方面的内容有个大概的了解！参照论文的格式，列出提纲，补充内容，实在不会，把这几份论文综合一下，从每篇论文上复制一部分，组成一篇新的文章！然后把按自己的语言把每一部分换下句式或词，经过换词不换意的办法处理后,网上就查不到了,祝你顺利完成论文!
埃德加·爱伦坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809—1849），美国小说家、诗人、批评家。提倡“为艺术而艺术”，宣扬唯美主义、神秘主义。受西欧尤其是法国资产阶级文学颓废派影响大。小说有《怪诞故事集》、《黑猫》、《莫格街谋杀案》等。论文有《写作的哲学》、《诗歌原理》等。 爱伦·坡被誉为“侦探小说的鼻祖”。《莫格街谋杀案》、《罗杰疑案》和《失窃的信》被奉为侦探小说的先河。《莫格街谋杀案》写密室凶杀，凶手居然是猩猩。《罗杰疑案》借新闻报道，纯粹用推理形式破案。《失窃的信》是对人类心理进行解剖与逻辑演示的范本。在这三篇小说中塑造了业余侦探杜宾的形象，将科学精神和诗意灵韵融于这个理想的侦探身上，可以说他是柯南道尔笔下福尔摩斯的前辈
爱伦全家于1820年7月回到里士满，埃德加在当地私立学校继续学业。表现出学习拉丁文以及对戏剧表演和游泳的天赋。写双行体讽刺诗。诗稿除《哦，时代！哦，风尚！》一首外均已遗失。倾慕一位同学的母亲简·斯坦纳德，后来把她描写为“我心灵第一个纯理想的爱”，并把她作为1831年发表的《致海伦》一诗的灵感来源。爱伦的商行在连续两年经济不景气后于1824年倒闭，但1825年他叔叔之死又使他成了一名富人，他在市中心买下了一幢房子。埃德加不顾双方家庭的强烈反对与爱弥拉·罗伊斯特私定终身。1826进入（一年前由托马斯·杰斐逊创办的）弗吉尼亚大学，古典，语言及现代语言成绩出众。发现爱伦提供的生活费不够开销，常参加赌博并输掉2000美元。爱伦拒绝为他支付赌债，坡回到里士满，发现罗伊斯特夫妇已成功地废除了他与爱弥拉的婚约。1827抱怨爱伦无情，不顾弗朗西丝·爱伦的一再劝慰于三月离家出走。化名“亨利·勒伦内”乘船去波士顿。五月应募参加美国陆军，报称姓名“埃德加·A·佩里”，年龄22岁，职业“职员”，被分派到波士顿港独立要塞的一个海岸炮兵团。说服一名年轻的印刷商出版了他的第一本书《帖木儿及其它诗》，作者署名为“波士顿人”，这本薄薄的诗集没引起人们注意。11月坡所在部队移防到南卡罗来纳州的莫尔特雷要塞。1828—29在一连串提升之后，坡获得了士兵中的最高军衔军士长。怀着当职业军人的打算谋求约翰·爱伦帮助谋求进入西点军校的机会。爱伦夫人于1829年2月28日去世，坡从军队荣誉退伍，居住在巴尔的摩几位父系亲戚家。在等候西点军校答复期间写信求爱伦出钱资助第二本诗集的出版，信中说“我早已不再把拜伦当作楷模。”爱伦拒绝资助，但《阿尔阿拉夫、帖木儿及小诗》仍于1829年12月由巴尔的摩的哈奇及邓宁出版社出版，这次坡署上了他自己的姓名。包括修改后的《帖木儿》和六首新作的该书样本得到著名评论家约翰·尼尔的认可，他为此书写了一篇虽短但却不乏溢美之词的评论。1830—311830年5月入西点军校；语言学识过人，因写讽刺军官们的滑稽诗而在学员中深得人心。约翰·爱伦于1830年10月再次结婚，婚后不久读到坡以“A先生并非经常清醒”开篇的来信，因此立即与坡断绝了关系。坡故意“抗命”(缺课，不上教堂，不参加点名)以求离开军校，1831年1月受军事法庭审判并被开除。2月到纽约。用军校同学捐赠的钱与一出版商签约出版《诗集》第二版。该书被题献给“合众国士官生”，内容包括《致海伦》、《以色拉费》、以及他第一次发表的评论性文章，即作为序的《致XX先生的信》。在巴尔的摩与姨妈玛丽亚，克蒂姆和她八岁的女儿弗吉尼亚同住；住姨妈家的还有坡的哥哥威廉·亨利，他于8月病逝，此外还有坡的祖母伊丽莎白·凯恩斯·坡，她因亡夫在独立战争中的贡献而领取的一点抚恤金弥补了这个家庭收入之不足。送交五个短篇小说参加费城《星期六信使报》主办的征文比赛；小说无一中奖，但全部被《信使报》于次年发表。1832—33住姨妈家，教表妹弗吉尼亚念书。写出六个短篇小说，希望加上《信使报》发表的5篇以《对开本俱乐部的故事》为书名结集出版。1833年夏天送交这六篇小说参加由巴尔的摩《星期六游客报》举办的征文比赛。《瓶中手稿》赢得五十美元的头奖，同时《罗马大圆形竞技场》在诗歌比赛中名列第二。两篇获奖作品均于1833年10月由《游客报》刊登。
The Narrator in The Tell-Tale HeartThrough the first person narrator,Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" illustrates how man's imagination is capable of being so vivid that it profoundly affects people's manifestation of the narrator's imagination unconsciously plants seeds in his mind,and those seeds grow into an unmanageable situation for which there is no room for reason and which culminates in narrator takes care of an old man with whom the relationship is unclear,although the narrator's comment of "For his gold I had no desire" lends itself to the fact that the old man may be a family member whose death would monetarily benefit the narrator also intimates a caring relationship when he says,"I loved the old had never wronged had never given me insult".The narrator's obsession with the old man's eye culminates in his own undoing as he is engulfed with internal conflict and his own transformation from confidence to fixation on the old man's vulture-like eye forces the narrator to concoct a plan to eliminate the old narrator confesses the sole reason for killing the old man is his eye:"Whenever it fell upon me,my blood ran cold; and so by degrees - very gradually - I made up my mind to rid myself of the eye for ever".The narrator begins his tale of betrayal by trying to convince the reader he is not insane,but the reader quickly surmises the narrator indeed is out of fact that the old man's eye is the only motivation to murder proves the narrator is so mentally unstable that he must search for justification to his mind,he rationalizes murder with his own unreasonable fear of the narrator wrestles with conflicting feelings of responsibility to the old man and feelings of ridding his life of the man's "Evil Eye".Although afflicted with overriding fear and derangement,the narrator still acts with quasi-allegiance toward the old man; however,his kindness may stem more from protecting himself from suspicion of watching the old man every night than from genuine compassion for the old narrator shows his contrariety when he confesses he loves the old man,but he is still too overwhelmed by the pale blue eye to restrain himself from the all-consuming desire to eliminate the struggle is evident as he waits to kill the old man in his sleep so that he won't have to face the old man when he kills him; but on the other hand,the narrator can't justify the killing unless the vulture eye was narrator is finally able to kill the man because "I saw it with perfect distinctness - all a dull blue,with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones; but I could see nothing else of the old man's face or person:for I had directed the ray as if by instinct,precisely upon the damned spot".The mission of the narrator begins with meticulous planning and confidence,but ultimately his guilty conscience creates his seven days,the narrator watches the old man while he sleeps and he even "chuckled at the idea" that the old man knows nothing of the narrator's "secret deeds or thoughts".The narrator's comments show his confidence and audacity,even pride,in his plan to kill:"Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers - of my could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph".The narrator's assurance in his evil deed continued even when the police came to check on the old man and investigate the loud noises neighbors heard the night before:"I smiled,-for what had I to fear?I bade the gentlemen welcome".However,the narrator's mind is quickly consumed with guilt,which creates his delusion of hearing the old man's heartbeat taunting him from under the paranoia makes the heart beat "louder - louder - louder!" and in his state of delirium he confesses to killing the old man in hopes of ridding his life of the menacing heartbeat:"I felt that I must scream or die!- and now [...]"The narrator sets out to rid his life of the fear he created by obsessing over the man's eye,but once that fear is destroyed,another fear - that of the heartbeat - is created and becomes more overwhelming than the playing mind games with himself - seeing how far he can push himself to triumph over his own insanity - the narrator slips further into a fantasy overriding confidence in killing the man ultimately turns into overriding guilt even as he justifies in his mind the savage killing,chopping up the body and placing it under the narrator's imagination creates his need and plan to destroy the eye,but it then creates the need to save himself from the heartbeat that drives him over the edge.
你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
人是非常可怕的动物，每个人的灵魂深处都藏着一个恶魔，在平常，它处于抑制状态，这个时候的人通常表现为善良，温和。然而，一旦条件有变，有时是外部环境的诱导，有时是内心世界的崩溃，被封印在身体里的恶魔就会被唤醒，怒浪滔天，邪念横行。在恶的驱使下，人变成恶魔的奴隶，危害他人。小说中的我从小就是个心地善良，心肠柔软的人，我特别喜欢小动物，但是长大之后，由于染上了酗酒的毛病，我的脾气越来越暴躁，开始虐待动物，辱骂妻子。最后，我竟然心狠手辣地用刀剜掉了普罗托的眼珠，它是我最喜欢的一只黑猫。酒醒之后，我后悔莫及。但是我酗酒的毛病丝毫没有减轻，终于在一次次暴躁的情绪积累之后，我亲手吊死了普罗托。这时的我虽然被邪恶主导，但良心未泯，我的内心仍有一些模糊的愧疚之感。为了弥补内心的愧疚，我又从新收养了一只黑猫，但好景不长，没过多久，我的暴戾与日俱增，我终于天良丧尽，完全丧失了自我，在一次的暴怒中，我不但对黑猫痛下毒手，还残忍地杀死了妻子。我把妻子的尸体砌入墙里，我甚至对这样的处理方式洋洋得意，至此，我完全成了魔鬼本身，万劫不复。爱伦坡是一个天才作家，他擅长心理描写，擅长营造恐怖氛围，他看到了人异变的本质。人性本恶还是人性本善，这个话题千百年来为各路先贤为之争论不休，爱伦坡以他敏锐的洞察力，给出了他的答案。
这个可以帮忙的，要求多少字呢
乌鸦象征其已逝的爱人。后来的诗no where , no more指再也看不到爱人，再也听不到爱人了。I cannot see you no where,I cannot hear you no more.诗中哀伤的氛围反映了作者悲凉的心境。
你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？ 老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
写哥特小说中的犯罪行为及其表达的内涵吧。
埃德加·爱伦·坡是美国文学史上最有影响的作家之一。
1、其作品大多以死亡、凶杀、复仇等为主题。
2、他常常以第一人称，用象征、叙述、重复等表现手法，为读者描绘出许多怪诞诡异的另类世界。
3、 埃德加·爱伦·坡小说其巨大魅力源于恐怖与美丽的结合。
4、其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
5、爱伦·坡的恐怖小说带有浪漫主义的特色。纵观爱伦·坡的恐怖小说创作，其故事主题大都“揭示了人类意识及潜意识中的阴暗面”，这—点显然迥异于同时代的其他浪漫主义作家。爱伦·坡以恐怖小说这样一种特殊的文学形式深入刻画与呈现了非现实状态下人的精神状态和心理特征，试图“以非现实、非理性的表达方式来揭示现代人的精神因顿”。他借助想象奇特、恐怖怪异的故事情节，通过夸张、隐喻和象征等修辞手段表现人性的危机，激起读者浓厚阅读兴趣的同时，震撼心灵，发人深省。
6、爱伦·坡恐怖小说的浪漫主义特色还体现在他独特的创作风格上。与爱默生、惠特曼等主流作家乐观自信、热情洋溢的格调不同，爱伦·坡通过展示死亡与丑恶来表现自己独特的浪漫主义灵感，以象征、隐喻的方式表达自己对世界、对人性的理解。他的恐怖小说常常置景于深渊、城堡、暗室、暴风雨或月光之下，人物备受孤独、死亡意识与精神反常的折磨，读起来令人毛骨悚然、不寒而栗，宛如噩梦一般。爱伦·坡文笔考究，运词精当，通过构思设计惊险奇绝的情节，在恐怖小说中向读者极力描绘了一个个常人难以想象的怪诞事件和恐怖场景，制造意境，渲染气氛，准确达到作品预期的艺术效果。
代表作：《厄舍古屋的倒塌》《黑猫》《泄密的心》《莫格街凶杀案》
"The Black Cat" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of The Saturday Evening Post. It is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart".[1] In both, a murderer carefully conceals his crime and believes himself unassailable, but eventually breaks down and reveals himself, impelled by a nagging reminder of his guilt. The story is presented as a first-person narrative using an unreliable narrator. The narrator tells us that from an early age he has loved animals. He and his wife have many pets, including a large black cat named Pluto. This cat is especially fond of the narrator and vice versa. Their mutual friendship lasts for several years, until the narrator becomes an alcoholic. One night, after coming home intoxicated, he believes the cat is avoiding him. When he tries to seize it, the panicked cat bites the narrator, and in a fit of rage, he seizes the animal, pulls a pen-knife from his pocket, and deliberately gouges out the cat's that moment onward, the cat flees in terror at his master's approach. At first, the narrator is remorseful and regrets his cruelty. "But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS." He takes the cat out in the garden one morning and hangs it from a tree, where it dies. That very night, his house mysteriously catches on fire forcing the narrator, his wife and their servant to next day, the narrator returns to the ruins of his home to find, imprinted on the single wall that survived the fire, the figure of a gigantic cat, hanging by its neck from a first, this image terrifies the narrator, but gradually he determines a logical explanation for it, that someone outside had thrown the dead cat into the bedroom to wake him up during the fire, and begins to miss Pluto. Some time later, he finds a similar cat in a tavern. It is the same size and color as the original and is even missing an eye. The only difference is a large white patch on the animal's chest. The narrator takes it home, but soon begins to loathe, even fear the creature. After a time, the white patch of fur begins to take shape and, to the narrator, forms the shape of the , one day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its master's feet and nearly trips him down the stairs. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tries to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife. Enraged, he kills her with the axe instead. To conceal her body he removes bricks from a protrusion in the wall, places her body there, and repairs the hole. When the police came to investigate, they find nothing and the narrator goes free. The cat, which he intended to kill as well, has gone the last day of the investigation, the narrator accompanies the police into the cellar. There, completely confident in his own safety, the narrator comments on the sturdiness of the building and raps upon the wall he had built around his wife's body. A wailing sound fills the room. The alarmed police tear down the wall and find the wife's corpse, and on her head, to the horror of the narrator, is the screeching black cat. As he words it: "I had walled the monster up within the tomb!" Like the narrator in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator of "The Black Cat" has questionable sanity. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be "mad indeed" if he should expect a reader to believe the story, implying that he has already been accused of madness.[2]One of Poe's darkest tales, "The Black Cat" includes his strongest denouncement of alcohol. The narrator's perverse actions are brought on by his alcoholism, a "disease" and "fiend" which also destroys his personality.[3] The use of the black cat evokes various superstitions, including the idea voiced by the narrator's wife that they are all witches in disguise. The titular cat is named Pluto after the Roman god of the Underworld. Publication history"The Black Cat" was first published in the August 19, 1843 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. At the time, the publication was using the temporary title United States Saturday Post.[4] Readers immediately responded favorably to the story, spawning parodies including Thomas Dunn English's "The Ghost of the Grey Tadpole".[5][edit] Adaptations [edit] In film "The Black Cat" was adapted into a film starring Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff in 1934 and another with Lugosi and Basil Rathbone in 1941, although neither version bears much resemblance to the original story.[5] Many other adaptations exist but the most faithful to the original is the middle segment of Roger Corman's trilogy film Tales of Terror in 1962.[5] Although the overall film was cast with Vincent Price as the lead, in this segment, he was in a supporting role with Peter Lorre as the main character. The 1934 film Maniac also loosely adapts the story. This version follows a former vaudeville actor who kills a doctor and takes the doctor's place to hide his crime. "The Black Cat" was also adapted into a film of the same name by Italian horror director Lucio Fulci in 1981. Film director Dario Argento presented his own loose adaptation of the story in the 1990 anthology film Two Evil Eyes.[edit] In television "The Black Cat" is the eleventh episode of the second season of Masters of Horror. The plot essentially retells the short story in a semi-autobiographical manner, with Poe himself undergoing a series of events involving a black cat which he used to inspire the story of the same name.[edit] Recordings In 1997, a compilation of Poe's work was released on a double CD entitled Closed on Account of Rabies, with various celebrities lending their voices to the tales. The Black Cat was read by avant-garde performer Diamanda Galás.[edit] References in literary works In 1970, Czech writer Ludvík Vaculík made many references to "A Descent into the Maelstr�0�2m" as well as "The Black Cat" in his novel The Guinea Pigs.[edit] References in art In 1910-11 Futurist artist Gino Severini painted "The Black Cat" in direct reference to Poe's short story. An illustration and description can be found at this site
埃德加·爱伦坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809—1849），美国小说家、诗人、批评家。提倡“为艺术而艺术”，宣扬唯美主义、神秘主义。受西欧尤其是法国资产阶级文学颓废派影响大。小说有《怪诞故事集》、《黑猫》、《莫格街谋杀案》等。论文有《写作的哲学》、《诗歌原理》等。 爱伦·坡被誉为“侦探小说的鼻祖”。《莫格街谋杀案》、《罗杰疑案》和《失窃的信》被奉为侦探小说的先河。《莫格街谋杀案》写密室凶杀，凶手居然是猩猩。《罗杰疑案》借新闻报道，纯粹用推理形式破案。《失窃的信》是对人类心理进行解剖与逻辑演示的范本。在这三篇小说中塑造了业余侦探杜宾的形象，将科学精神和诗意灵韵融于这个理想的侦探身上，可以说他是柯南道尔笔下福尔摩斯的前辈