摘要：税法与会计密切相关，会计核算是确定税基的重要途径，通过会计核算可以提供企业的营业收入额以及经营过程中的流转额，从而为税法服务，更好地体现税法精神； Abstract: the tax law and accounting and accounting is closely related to the important way to determine the tax base by accounting can provide enterprise business income and business process, thus the circulation for tax service forehead, better embody the tax law spirit; 而同时，税收又是企业生产经营过程中的一项支出，会计要进行全面核算，也必然要将税收纳入其核算范围。 Meanwhile, tax is in the process of enterprise production and management accounting to a spending, comprehensive accounting, also must use taxes into its accounting scope. 当税制变更尤其是税基变动时，会计核算必然要与之相适应，调整便成为必然。 When tax changes especially tax base changes, accounting must conesponding, adjust and become inevitable. 我国目前税法体系中的 24 个税种，几乎覆盖了企业会计核算的所有环节，对一个中等规模的企业来说，涉税会计核算的工作量约占会计工作总量的三分之一。 Our current tax system in 24 taxes, covering almost all of the enterprise accounting links in a medium-sized enterprise speaking, tax accounting workload of accounting work about one third of the total. 从税收征管的角度看，企业涉税会计核算质量的高低决定着各税种应纳税额计缴的准确性，也制约着税收征管效率。 From the perspective of tax collection, the enterprise fords accounting quality height decide the various categories of taxes payable tax amount plan capture accuracy, also restricts the tax collection efficiency. 由于目前会计人员素质还没达到高标准，涉税会计核算差错率高，税务机关势必投入大量的人力进行申报资料分析和现场稽查。 Because of the accounting personnel quality are not up to high standards, high tax accounting error ration, the tax authorities certainly will invest huge human register material analysis and on-site audit. 从企业内部管理的层面分析，频繁的计税失误，不仅要补缴应纳的税款，还要承担滞纳金及罚款，增加了企业经营资金的意外支出。 From the enterprise internal management level analysis, frequent tax error, not only to capture, but is also responsible for pay the tax payment and fined, increased the enterprise operation fund accidental expenditure. 企业接受税务稽查后，有的及时处理账务，进行纳税调整，但也有不少企业没有意识到纳税调整的重要性，补缴税款后就完事，不调整相关账务，有的虽作账务调整，但因财务人员业务不够熟练，会计处理不当，导致会计资料失真。 Enterprise accept tax inspection, some timely treatment after accounting, tax adjustment, but also have many enterprises didn't realize the importance of tax adjustment, after filling capture imposition done, doesn't adjust relevant accounting, some made for financial accounting adjustment, but enough skilled professional personnel, accountant processing is undeserved, lead to the accounting information distortion. 做好账务调整是巩固稽查成果、确保国家税收的重要一环，对企业来说也至关重要，否则可能会造成重复纳税。 Completes the billing adjustment is consolidate audit results, to ensure tax revenue for the country is important one annulus, it is also vital to enterprise, otherwise it may cause, repeat taxes. 进一步完善涉税会计核算，是加强税收征管和企业会计管理的双重课题。 Further perfecting the tax accounting, is strengthening tax collection and administration and enterprise accounting management of dual task. 会计核算中应交增值税的涉税会计核算大家都能够掌握，但实际操作仍然存在一些误区，本文也对该问题提出了一些解决方法。 Accounting of VAT payable in the tax accounting everyone can master, but the actual operating some misunderstanding about this problem, this paper also put forward some methods to solve them. 关键词：涉税会计核算； Keywords: tax accounting; 增值税会计核算； Value added tax accounting; 进项税会计核算； Income tax accounting;
Time being spent at a university is a most worthwhile period in a young person's life. This is a time when a student begins to form his or her ideas about life in general. Attending classes and studying in the library keep a student busy and provide him or her with access to valuable information, adding to his or her knowledge base. Campus life can also be rich and colorful. Most universities offer a variety of extracurricular activities such as sports events, contests, and other social gatherings, enabling the students to experience relief fi'om study and homework. Students often form lifelong friendships through the varied experiences of university life. During the time a student spends at university, he not only develops his intellectual ahilites,he also develops social skills as well as knowledge and wisdom necessary for choosing a future career. By learning how to balance intense study and recreation, a student will be well prepared for the challenges of future responsibilities.
Accounting Essays and Research Papers on Accounting Topics2. "Custom Research" serviceDo you prefer a BRAND NEW, ONE-OF-A-KIND essay, research paper, book report, term paper, thesis, dissertation, or university coursework essay on Accounting? If so, our experts can research and write a new, original, unique document—JUST FOR YOU—on the particular Accounting essay topic of your choice. We will write an excellent paper based on the EXACT specifications that YOU provide, guaranteed. Whether you are a high school freshman in need of a 1-page summary, or a . candidate in need of a 300-page dissertation, we have the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience to complete your order. One of our 150+, experienced professionals (each having earned a MINIMUM of master-level degree credentials) will research and write the material exactly as you request. Of course, master- and doctoral-level orders will be completed ONLY by those writers who possess a corresponding master- or doctoral-level degree in the particular field of study. You may visit our Custom Research page for more information更多：中文的话，你用金山词霸破解版就能翻译。
Internal auditing is an important part of supervision of audit, with the establishment of a modern enterprise system, and improve the internal audit, the framework to reconstruct, internal audit scope of business need further expansion, the research of internal audit and become hot. Reinforcing the enterprise internal audit is to establish an enterprise as a legal person system and the system of property rights, but also needs to ensure enterprise assets value of the property owners, maintenance and legitimate rights and interests of the business operators. The enterprise internal audit work to do to give full play to its supervision and verification and staff, etc.
[经济管理] 浅谈会计人才评价 [佚名][2007年4月24日][2] 简介：无 内容： 在以人为本、人才兴国的战略指导下，财政部从去年开始直接组织高层次会计人才培训，计划用10年左右的时间，培养和造就一批精通业务、善于管理、熟悉国际惯例、具有国际视野和战略思维的高素质、复合型领军人才，发挥会计人才在强化会计职能、宣传会计政策、组织继续教育、研究实务问题等方面的组织推动和辐射作用。这是促进我国会计队伍整体素质全面、迅速提高的一个重要举措。国家通过组织会计从业资格考试、会计技术职称考试、…… [Economic Management] on the evaluation of accounting personnel [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [2] Description: None Content: In people-oriented, human resources strategy of rejuvenating the country, under the guidance of the Ministry of Finance last year directly from high-level accounting personnel training, plans to use about 10 years time, to cultivate and foster a number of good business, good management, familiar with international practice, with an international perspective and strategic thinking of high-quality, complex-type leader personnel, accounting personnel to play in strengthening the accounting functions, accounting policies publicity, organization of continuing education, research and other aspects of the practical problems of organizations to promote the role and radiation. This is to promote the overall quality of China's accounting comprehensive, rapid increase in an important initiative. Through the organization of national accounting qualification examination, the examination of accounting titles, ... ... 12. [Economic Management] On Budget Accounting Problems and Solutions [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [7] Description: None Content: To 1 January, 1998 full implementation of "a total budget of the financial accounting system", "administrative accounting system", "accounting standards and institutions" (pilot), "Accounting systems and institutions" as the signs that have been out of our budget accounting under the planned economy model, embarked on the establishment of the need to adapt to a market economy with Chinese characteristics, scientific norms of the road budget for the accounting model. In recent years, with the financial management to accelerate the pace of structural reform, designed in accordance with the theory of public finance budget management model has to start building, budgeting, implementation and other aspects of the management system is undergoing a fundamental change in the budget accounting of customer ... ... 13. [Economic Management] of the bank accounting management [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [7] Description: None Content: Bank accounting is the emergence of banks and at the same time the birth. Each bank's business operation, that is, the operation of bank accounting, the accounting process to achieve through accounting. In other words, the bank accounts of the accounting process, that is specific for banking business and the realization of the basic functions of the banking process. Bank accounting is not only an important basis for the work of banks, the banks can be an objective starting to reflect the operations, accounting and supervisory role, and of these three banks accounting functions can also be counterproductive in the operation of banks, which are complementary to each other. Accounting functions of the bank to play properly, it may be to promote the bank's business ... ... 14. [Economic Management] of accession to the WTO to meet in rural areas, economic and accounting challenges [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: I. Analysis of the current situation: the 21st century, peace and development remain the two main themes of the world. However, we are faced with the times and changes in the competitive environment. (-) Modern science and technology, the rapid development of knowledge-based economy. The 21st century, state-to-state competition in comprehensive national strength, the key is the competitive scientific and technological strength, the use of high precision, the new science and technology to improve the social productive forces, has been to increase the overall national strength has become an important tool. The overall development of science and technology, integrated and cross-cutting nature, science and technology of an unprecedented rapid spread of knowledge into application and production, will greatly promote the economic and social development. (B) of the whole ... ... 15. [Economic Management], after joining the WTO China's CPA industry supply and demand analysis [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: After China's accession to the WTO Institute of Certified Public Accountants industry analysis of supply and demand has joined the World Trade Organization, which China's reform and opening up will enter a new phase. Accession to the WTO on China's accounting market is bound to a certified public accountant and have a profound impact on the industry, this has been done on a number of experts and scholars. This article from the perspective of supply and demand of China's accession to the WTO a certified public accountant, after an analysis of the industry and pointed out that China's CPA industry will face in the WTO situation and problems, and countermeasures to be taken. A needs analysis: a huge market demand and development of space after China's WTO entry, China's CPA industry needs to face the main ... ... 16. [Economic Management] on the application of a number of issues of Management Accounting Thoughts [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: Management accounting is to meet the needs of economic management within the organization need to be gradually formed and developed, its main function is to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness of a variety of established system of internal accounting controls, preparation and delivery of internal management needs of the kinds of data, information and so on. Ways and means of its needs depending on the design, depending on its mode of economic organization in nature, size, operation and management mode to another. It is the most important function is the best business decisions for maximum operational efficiency and provide a variety of useful programs and information. At present, the Management Accounting in China in the application of business management are at a critical turning point ... ... 17. [Economic Management] Accounting for the current problems and countermeasures [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [0] Description: None Content: The current issue of Accounting and Accounting Measures of the work of my late start, from the 20th century until the late 70s, has experienced trying to stage, stage of development of spontaneous and organized, planned and steady development stage, to current management accounting software-based phase of development. More than 20 years in this course of development, has made great progress, the commercialization of GM of the financial software is widely used. Many of the accounting software development is moving toward specialization, commercialization and socialization of the track. However, due to the financial characteristics of the work itself, as well as the rapid development of networks, the rapid emergence of e-commerce, etc., some ... ... 18. [Economic Management] accounting integrity remodeling [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [2] Description: None Content: Securities market in 2001, the Guangxia, MACAT, ST Dawn of listed companies, such as a series of accounting fraud cases came to light, like a nuclear bomb, the explosion of China's accounting profession, and the outbreak of the end of last year the United States the wake of the Enron case, as well as the recent WorldCom, Xerox, the company's accounting fraud case, it led to a serious crisis in international accounting, the past was known as the iron abacus accounting staff, as a rat running across the street. The credibility of accounting has been severely damaged, resulting in Premier Zhu Rongji in Shanghai National Accounting Institute made no inspection of the school motto accounting. Facing a serious crisis of confidence, how to rebuild the credibility of accounting, ... ... 19. [Economic Management] The essence of strategic management accounting research and analysis of the characteristics [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [0] Description: None Content: First, the nature of strategic management accounting studies, the nature of Strategic Management Accounting Strategic Management Accounting (Strategic Management Accounting hereinafter SMA) is the development of management accounting, but also of the SMA did not form a unified understanding. Although many people have heard their is a clear lack of understanding. Here the author and from the strategic management of SMA, SMA, and the meaning and the development of SMA with the traditional distinction between the management of three areas of accounting, the nature of the SMA. (A) Strategic Management and the SMA SMA-shaped ... ... 20. [Economic Management] Internet era accounting system of innovation: to define property rights and market-oriented [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [10] Description: None Content: 【Abstract】 The development of network technology, making accounting information in order to lower cost is expected to be completed to define property rights, which means private products to sell in the market; to negotiate lower costs, so that the original accounting controls may become loose; information distance real-time transmission costs decline, making the production functions of accounting information may be completed by the market, that is, shareholders can be the production of accounting information entrusted to the enterprise other than the trustee, and so on. Finally, this paper, the direction of future research. 【Key Words】 accounting information network technology to hand over power market transaction costs of technology innovation, as well as existing accounting in many ... ...12. [经济管理] 试论我国预算会计存在的问题与对策 [佚名][2007年4月24日][7] 简介：无 内容： 以1998年1月1日起全面执行《财政总预算会计制度》、《行政单位会计制度》、《事业单位会计准则》(试行)、《事业单位会计制度》为标志，表明我国预算会计已摆脱计划经济体制下的模式，走上了建立适应市场经济需要，具有中国特色、科学规范的预算会计模式的道路。近几年，随着财政管理体制改革的步伐加快，按照公共财政理论设计的预算管理模式已开始建立，预算编制、执行等环节的管理制度正在发生根本性的变化，预算会计的客…… 13. [经济管理] 浅谈银行会计管理 [佚名][2007年4月24日][7] 简介：无 内容： 银行会计是与银行的出现而同时诞生的。银行每一笔经营业务的运作过程，也就是银行会计的运作、核算过程，都要通过会计来实现。也就是说，银行会计的核算过程，就是具体办理银行业务和实现银行基本职能的过程。 银行会计不仅是银行的重要基础工作，可以客观地对银行的经营运作起反映、核算和监督作用，而且银行会计的这三个职能还可以反作用于银行的经营运作，它们是相辅相成的。银行会计的职能发挥得当，就可能会促进银行的经营…… 14. [经济管理] 浅谈加入世贸组织,迎接农村、经济、会计的挑战 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 一、当前形势分析： 21世纪，和平与发展仍然是世界的两大主题。但是我们正面临着时代条件和竞争环境的变化。（—）现代科技、知识经济迅速发展。21世纪，国与国之间综合国力的竞争，关键是科技实力的竞争，利用高、精、尖、新的科学技术提高社会生产力，己成为各国提高综合国力的一个重要手段。科学技术发展的整体性、综合性和交叉性，科技知识的空前快速传播、转化应用和生产，将极大地推动经济和社会的发展。（二）全…… 15. [经济管理] 入世后我国注册会计师行业的供求分析 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 入世后我国注册会计师行业的供求分析 我国已经加入世界贸易组织，这标志着我国改革开放将进入一个新阶段。入世必将对我国会计市场和注册会计师行业产生深刻影响，对此已有许多专家学者做过论述。本文仅从供给和需求角度，对入世后我国的注册会计师行业进行分析，并指出我国注册会计师行业在入世后将面临的形势和问题，以及应采取的对策。 一、需求分析：巨大的市场需求和发展空间 入世后，我国注册会计师行业面临的需求主…… 16. [经济管理] 关于我国管理会计应用若干问题思考 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 管理会计主要是为适应经济组织内部的经营管理需要而逐步形成和发展起来的，它的主要职能是为提高经营效率和效益而建立的各种内部会计控制制度，编制和提供内部管理需要的各种数据、资料等。它的方法和手段视不同的需要而设计，其模式视不同的经济组织性质、规模大小、经营管理方式而异。它是最重要的职能是为最优经营决策和最高经营效率提供各种有用的方案和资料。 目前，管理会计在我国企业管理中的应用正处在一个关键的转折点…… 17. [经济管理] 会计电算化目前的问题及对对策 [佚名][2007年4月24日][0] 简介：无 内容： 会计电算化目前的问题及对对策 我国的会计电算化工作起步较晚，从20世纪70年代末才开始，经历了尝试阶段、自发发展阶段和有组织、有计划地稳步发展阶段，到目前的管理型会计软件发展阶段。在这20多年的发展过程中，已取得了长足的进步，商品化、通用化的财务软件得到了广泛的应用。许多会计软件的开发已经走向专业化、商品化、社会化的轨道。但由于财务工作本身的特点，以及网络的迅速发展、电子商务的迅速兴起等等，一些…… 18. [经济管理] 重塑会计诚信 [佚名][2007年4月24日][2] 简介：无 内容： 在2001年的证券市场上,银广夏、麦科特、ST黎明等一系列上市公司会计造假案件曝光，像一枚枚重磅炸弹，在我国会计界炸开，而在去年年底美国爆发的安然事件，以及近来的世界通信公司、施乐公司的会计造假案，则引发了一场严重的国际性会计危机，昔日被称为铁算盘的会计人员，成为过街老鼠。会计的信誉已受到了严重损害，以致于朱总理在上海国家会计学院视察时提出了不做假账的校训。面临严重的信任危机，如何重塑会计的诚信，…… 19. [经济管理] 战略管理会计的本质研究和特点分析 [佚名][2007年4月24日][0] 简介：无 内容： 一、战略管理会计的本质研究 一、战略管理会计的本质 战略管理会计（Strategic Management Accounting以下简称SMA）是对管理会计的发展，但目前人们对SMA还没有形成统一的认识。许多人虽然对其有所耳闻，却缺乏一个清晰的理解。这里笔者从战略管理与SMA、SMA的发展及含义和SMA与传统管理会计的区别三个方面，阐述SMA的本质。 （一）战略管理与SMA SMA的形…… 20. [经济管理] 网络时代会计的制度创新：产权界定与市场化 [佚名][2007年4月24日][10] 简介：无 内容： 【摘要】网络技术的发展,使得会计信息可望以较低的成本完成产权界定,从而以私人产品的方式在市场上出售;谈判成本的降低,使原本的会计管制可能变得宽松；信息远程实时传送成本的下降，使得会计信息的生产职能可能由市场来完成，即股东可将会计信息的生产委托给企业经营者以外的受托人，等等。最后，本文提出了未来的研究方向。【关键词】会计信息 网络技术 交易成本 交权市场化 技术的不断创新以及现行会计在许……
Accounting Essays and Research Papers on Accounting Topics2. "Custom Research" serviceDo you prefer a BRAND NEW, ONE-OF-A-KIND essay, research paper, book report, term paper, thesis, dissertation, or university coursework essay on Accounting? If so, our experts can research and write a new, original, unique document—JUST FOR YOU—on the particular Accounting essay topic of your choice. We will write an excellent paper based on the EXACT specifications that YOU provide, guaranteed. Whether you are a high school freshman in need of a 1-page summary, or a . candidate in need of a 300-page dissertation, we have the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience to complete your order. One of our 150+, experienced professionals (each having earned a MINIMUM of master-level degree credentials) will research and write the material exactly as you request. Of course, master- and doctoral-level orders will be completed ONLY by those writers who possess a corresponding master- or doctoral-level degree in the particular field of study. You may visit our Custom Research page for more information更多：中文的话，你用金山词霸破解版就能翻译。
***********************手工制造，请勿复制****************************Content abstractOur economy coordinated development of health of accounting information from reality. At present, our country can not from the overall curb the spread of false information. Due to the influence of traditional and individual interests, some current enterprise accounting information distortion is serious, a sense of enterprises with the wto is not commensurate with the requirements of the development of endangering the state, even with the fundamental interests of the people. Accounting information distortion of accounting field is a problem, the atmosphere, they are widely, stunning. True, reliable and effective operation of accounting information is the foundation of the market. Accounting work puts forward "don't do false account", it is the requirement of accounting credibility principle. The distortion of accounting information has been badly damaged by the enterprise image, damage the interests of investors, China's capital market development, also shook the social public confidence in the government. Therefore, how to control the distortion of accounting information, and improve the quality of accounting information is the government and enterprises and the social from all walks of life common : the distortion of accounting information reason and countermeasures
In China, internal audit is an important component of the auditing and supervision, with the establishment of a modern enterprise system, and improve the internal audit, the framework to reconstruct, internal audit scope of business need further expansion, the research of internal audit and become hot. Reinforcing the enterprise internal audit is to establish an enterprise as a legal person system and the system of property rights, but also needs to ensure enterprise assets value of the property owners, maintenance and legitimate rights and interests of the business operators. The enterprise internal audit work to do to give full play to its supervision and verification and staff, etcKey words: the internal audit function
Internal audit is an important component of China's audit supervision part of the establishment of modern enterprise system, improve and perfect the internal audit framework to re-build, internal audit is also the need for further expansion of business scope, the study of internal audit once again become a hot spot . Strengthen the internal audit is to establish enterprise legal system and property rights system needs, but also to ensure that increasing the value of corporate assets, maintenance of property rights owners and the legitimate rights and interests of business operators needs. Internal audit work to do well must give full play to their supervision, appraisal, staff and other functions. Keywords: Internal audit function
写本科范文一万字带有英文翻译和引言的会计毕业论文，首先要明确论文的研究背景及方向，确定研究问题和主题，以便在余下的内容中结合各个章节进行研究。在整理研究材料之后，一般将研究分为几个步骤，如引言、正文、结论和建议等。正文应该包含对相关文献、实证分析等的叙述和描述，并有助于实现毕业论文的研究目的。最后，在结束语中，需要总结所有的结果，提出建议和发展趋势，以及翻译英文资料。
In China, internal audit is an important component of the auditing and supervision, with the establishment of a modern enterprise system, and improve the internal audit, the framework to reconstruct, internal audit scope of business need further expansion, the research of internal audit and become hot. Reinforcing the enterprise internal audit is to establish an enterprise as a legal person system and the system of property rights, but also needs to ensure enterprise assets value of the property owners, maintenance and legitimate rights and interests of the business operators. The enterprise internal audit work to do to give full play to its supervision and verification and staff, etcKey words: the internal audit function
Times in development, social progress, with the rapid economic development, China's accounting system has been improved, now advocating the rule of virtue, but in the accounting area of the German character has been portrayed so vividly? The accounting profession in the market plays an important economic activity status, and accounting workers is the key to the accounting profession, and with the corresponding requirement is that the accounting personnel with the standard of professional ethics, how to strengthen the accounting profession in the new period of self-cultivation has become a moral imperative就是用电脑翻得。楼上的好像也是
China's budget is the budget accounting for the management of macro-management information systems and management tools, accounting, reflect and monitor the central and local government budgets at all levels of administrative units and the cause of the implementation of the budget accounting. Budget accounting system marks the development of China's accounting and budget management in the legal system, standardized and scientific track is a forward step. But with the change of government functions, financial system reform, public finance system should be established and and the further economic development of China's current budget accounting system is not very good adapt to the current development requirements, Budget Accounting exposed goal is not clear, based on accounting flaws, the jurisdiction is not comprehensive, accounts set up imperfect system, the accounting system is not a complete report such problems, the budget accounting system reform is a must. This paper is an analysis of the current budget accounting system based on the status quo, they raised the problems, and tackle the problem from a clear accounting, the accounting basis for the introduction of the accrual system, the establishment of a fund accounting model, improving budget accounting system report made four recommendations with a view to our budget accounting system reform provide a reference.
摘要：税法与会计密切相关，会计核算是确定税基的重要途径，通过会计核算可以提供企业的营业收入额以及经营过程中的流转额，从而为税法服务，更好地体现税法精神； Abstract: the tax law and accounting and accounting is closely related to the important way to determine the tax base by accounting can provide enterprise business income and business process, thus the circulation for tax service forehead, better embody the tax law spirit; 而同时，税收又是企业生产经营过程中的一项支出，会计要进行全面核算，也必然要将税收纳入其核算范围。 Meanwhile, tax is in the process of enterprise production and management accounting to a spending, comprehensive accounting, also must use taxes into its accounting scope. 当税制变更尤其是税基变动时，会计核算必然要与之相适应，调整便成为必然。 When tax changes especially tax base changes, accounting must conesponding, adjust and become inevitable. 我国目前税法体系中的 24 个税种，几乎覆盖了企业会计核算的所有环节，对一个中等规模的企业来说，涉税会计核算的工作量约占会计工作总量的三分之一。 Our current tax system in 24 taxes, covering almost all of the enterprise accounting links in a medium-sized enterprise speaking, tax accounting workload of accounting work about one third of the total. 从税收征管的角度看，企业涉税会计核算质量的高低决定着各税种应纳税额计缴的准确性，也制约着税收征管效率。 From the perspective of tax collection, the enterprise fords accounting quality height decide the various categories of taxes payable tax amount plan capture accuracy, also restricts the tax collection efficiency. 由于目前会计人员素质还没达到高标准，涉税会计核算差错率高，税务机关势必投入大量的人力进行申报资料分析和现场稽查。 Because of the accounting personnel quality are not up to high standards, high tax accounting error ration, the tax authorities certainly will invest huge human register material analysis and on-site audit. 从企业内部管理的层面分析，频繁的计税失误，不仅要补缴应纳的税款，还要承担滞纳金及罚款，增加了企业经营资金的意外支出。 From the enterprise internal management level analysis, frequent tax error, not only to capture, but is also responsible for pay the tax payment and fined, increased the enterprise operation fund accidental expenditure. 企业接受税务稽查后，有的及时处理账务，进行纳税调整，但也有不少企业没有意识到纳税调整的重要性，补缴税款后就完事，不调整相关账务，有的虽作账务调整，但因财务人员业务不够熟练，会计处理不当，导致会计资料失真。 Enterprise accept tax inspection, some timely treatment after accounting, tax adjustment, but also have many enterprises didn't realize the importance of tax adjustment, after filling capture imposition done, doesn't adjust relevant accounting, some made for financial accounting adjustment, but enough skilled professional personnel, accountant processing is undeserved, lead to the accounting information distortion. 做好账务调整是巩固稽查成果、确保国家税收的重要一环，对企业来说也至关重要，否则可能会造成重复纳税。 Completes the billing adjustment is consolidate audit results, to ensure tax revenue for the country is important one annulus, it is also vital to enterprise, otherwise it may cause, repeat taxes. 进一步完善涉税会计核算，是加强税收征管和企业会计管理的双重课题。 Further perfecting the tax accounting, is strengthening tax collection and administration and enterprise accounting management of dual task. 会计核算中应交增值税的涉税会计核算大家都能够掌握，但实际操作仍然存在一些误区，本文也对该问题提出了一些解决方法。 Accounting of VAT payable in the tax accounting everyone can master, but the actual operating some misunderstanding about this problem, this paper also put forward some methods to solve them. 关键词：涉税会计核算； Keywords: tax accounting; 增值税会计核算； Value added tax accounting; 进项税会计核算； Income tax accounting;
毕业论文格式范文[摘要]页面要求：毕业论文须用A4(210×297mm)标准、70克以上白纸，一律采用单面打印；毕业论文页边距按以下标准设置：上边距(天头)为：30 mm;下边距（地脚）25mm;左边距和右边距为：25mm；装订线：10mm;页眉：16mm;页脚：15mm。 页眉：页眉从摘要页开始到论文最后一页，均需设置。页眉内容：浙江广播电视大学专科毕业论文（设计），居中，打印字号为5号宋体，页眉之下有一条下划线。 页脚：从论文主体部分（引言或绪论）开始，用阿拉伯数字连续编页，页码编写方法为：第x页共x页，居中，打印字号为小5号宋体。题目采用黑体二号居中，题目下空一行写摘要，摘要（包括关键词）、参考资料用宋体5号。 前置部分从中文题名页起单独编页。 字体与间距：毕业论文字体为小四号宋体，字间距设置为标准字间距，行间距设置为固定值20磅。正文中的小标题用三号黑体.[关键词]毕业论文，免修免考，社会实践为加强中央广播电视大学免修免考，促进广播电视大学教育与其他高等教育的相互沟通，推进中央广播电视大学人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点的深入开展，中央广播电视大学制定了《中央广播电视大学免修免考课程管理办法（试行）》文件，现就文件中有关问题问答如下：一．《中央广播电视大学免修免考课程管理办法（试行）》何时实施，以往中央电大所发文件与本规定有不符者，将如何执行？ 本规定自文件发布之日起开始执行；以往中央电大所发文件与本规定有不符者，废止。二．免修免考课程内容有何要求？ 作为免修免考替代的课程，其专业层次、教学内容和教学要求应不低于现修专业被替代课程的专业层次、教学内容和教学要求。三．免修免考对象？免修不免考的对象？ 免修免考对象为电大课程、国家自学考试课程、合作高等学校课程、国家外语等级证书；另外，对于公共基础课程（15年有效），允许已获得相应科类专业专科以上学历（国家承认的国民教育系列）者免修免考，并获得相应学分，如：数学专业毕业的学生可申请非数学专业的高等数学课程免修免考。免修不免考的对象为其他高等学校课程。注：开设专业与合作高校一览表专业名称合作高校专业名称合作高校会计学北京工商大学英语北京外国语学院计算机科学与技术清华大学工商管理东北财经大学金融学中国金融学院法学中国政法大学汉语言文学北京大学数学与应用数学东北师范大学土木工程天津大学机电哈尔滨工程大学公共事业管理（卫生）北京大学医学部小学教育上海师范大学公共事业管理(教育)东北师范大学水利水电工程华北水利水电学院四．现修专业所有课程只要符合条件均能被免修免考吗？ 现修专业并不是所有课程只要符合条件均能被免修免考！因为考虑到课程开放的特点，课程开放专业所有课程暂不考虑学分替换和免修免考问题；反之，对于已获得课程开放专业的合格课程可免修免考电大其它非课程开放专业的课程。五．免修免考课程学分如何记载？ 经审核允许进行学分替换的课程，学分按现修专业中被替代课程规定的学分记载；对批准免修免考课程的成绩，按“合格”记载。六．如何理解文件中的专业层次？ 专科段层次的课程只能替换相同或不同专业专科段层次的课程，即使其它条件符合免修免考要求，也不能用它来替换本科段层次专业的课程。例如：某生在专科段学了经济数学课程，在本科段学习时又必修相同内容和要求的该课程（且教材相同），可它仍然不能被免修免考。但是中央电大对英语课有特殊规定，对于在低层次（如专科段）所学的，并记入毕业总学分审核的英语（1）（2）课程，在高层次（如本科段）学习中只给予免修免考，但不能获得学分，其学分必须通过选修同层次课程获得；在同层次中予以免修免考，并获得本课程学分。相反，某生在本科段学了经济数学课程，在专科段学习时又必修相同内容和要求的该课程（且教材相同），那么该课程允许免修免考，并获得相应的学分。七．只要教学内容、教学要求不低于现修专业被替代课程教学内容、教学要求的课程都能免修免考吗？ 不是。作为免修免考替代的课程，除了考虑其教学内容、教学要求不低于现修专业被替代课程的教学内容、教学要求外，还应考虑其有效年限、课程所在院校和专业层次等等。八．所有免修免考的课程均可获得相应的学分吗？ 不是。中央电大对英语课有特殊规定，对于在低层次（如专科段）所学的，并记入毕业总学分审核的英语（1）（2）课程，在高层次（如本科段）学习中只给予免修免考，但不能获得学分，其学分必须通过选修别的课程获得；在同层次中予以免修免考，并获得本课程学分。九．如何理解文件中的有效年限？ 有效年限是指已获得的毕业证书、单科结业证书、国家外语四、六级证书签发日期到电大注册日期。如6年有效这样理解：如果你是合作高校97年7月毕业生，02年入学注册，注册时离毕业时间只有5年，不到规定年限6年，那么你将有权利申请免修免考课程，并且此门课程保留八年学籍有效。假如你是03年秋季或之后前入学注册，注册时离毕业时间已到规定年限（6年），那么你将没有权利申请免修免考。另外，高校毕业生课程均视为毕业年所学，比如98年合作高校学生在第一学历学习时学了国际公法课程（不管此门课程当年毕业时间，均视为该专业毕业年98年7月所学），假如这位学生03年春季或之前注册中央电大开放教育本科法学专业，那么根据《中央广播电视大学免修免考课程管理办法（试行）》规定和中央广播电视大学专业教学计划，他将可以免修免考该课程，并获得该课程5学分（前提是符合免修免考应具备的其它条件）；相反，假如这位学生03年秋季或之后注册中央电大开放教育本科法学专业，那么根据《中央广播电视大学免修免考课程管理办法（试行）》规定，此门课 程已过免修免考有效年限6年，因此他将不能申请免修免考。对于有单科结业证书的课程，有效年限起始日期不应以毕业证书日期为准，而应以单科证书签发日期为准（审核人员应加强管理力度，预防学生舞弊）。十．省级成人高等本科英语统测证书能替换电大公共外语课程吗？国家外语四、六级证书呢？ 获得省级成人高等本科英语统测证书可以免修电大英语（1）（2）（或电大英语（3）（4）课程）课程和大学英语Ⅲ（1）（2）课程，但其不能获得相应学分，其学分必须通过选修同层次其他课程获得相应学分。我们建议具有较高外语水平的学生，各校应鼓励他们学习更高层次的公共外语课程。 获得国家外语四、六级证书的学生可以替换所有设置公共外语课程（包括大学英语Ⅲ（1）（2）），并可取得相应的学分。十一．是否除合作高等学校之外的任何其他高等学校课程，均不能免修免考？ 不是！对于普通高等学校基础专业毕业的课程，将可申请电大非原毕业专业基础课程的免修免考，并取得相应的学分。如：数学专业毕业的学生可申请非数学专业的高等数学课程免修免考。十二．免修免考外语课程将影响申请学位吗？ 不一定！如《免修免考课程管理办法》允许注册前6年内或注册后学籍期间，获得国家外语四、六级证书者可免修免考电大非英语专业所有外语课程，但是中央电大学位条例只承认申请学位当年前5年内所获得的国家外语四、六级证书。另外，通过外语专业毕业证书取得电大非英语专业外语课程免修免考者，将无法替代学位外语。十三．只要符合替换要求的课程都能100%替换吗？ 不是！替换课程比例有限制，如下表课程类型替代必修总学分比替代方法电大课程(含注册生)100%免修免考国家自学考试课程40%免修免考合作高等学校课程100%免修免考其他高等学校课程50%免修不免考十四．某生98年注册国家自考办法律专科专业（共11门课程），现已通过9门，还有两门屡站屡败，后来这位学生转入中央电大注册视听生法律专科专业学习，恰好有5门课教学内容、教学要求、有效年限、专业层次等都不低于现修专业被替代课程的教学内容、教学要求、专业层次。试问这位学生的5门课能免修免考吗？ 不一定，文件规定课程替换有比例限制，对于国家自考办课程，只能替换现专业（电大注册视听生法律专业）必修课总学分的40%，那么根据电大注册视听生法律专业教学计划，其必修课总学分为47分，折40%，实际能替换为学分。即从5门课中挑出学分和不高于18学分的完整课程来替换。假如这位学生的5门课程是中央电大或合作高校的，那么这些课程将100%替换。假如这位学生是92年注册国家自考办，那么情况又不同了，还得验证这5门课程的有效年限（国家自考办单科结业证书6年，电大课程和合作高校均为8年）。十五．对于分学期课程（如刑法学（1）（2）课程、学校管理（1）（2）课程等分两学期开设的课程）应如何执行替代原则？ 对于分学期课程（如《刑法学（1）（2）》），首先应明确它在教学计划中是作为一门课程，因教学内容和教学任务等较重而分两学期开设，严格课程名称为《刑法学》，（1）（2）只是标识分两学期开设。单独的《刑法学（1）》或《刑法学（2）》都不能构成一门完整的课程。因此不能对现修课程《刑法学（1）》或《刑法学（2）》中之一进行免修免考，只有原修课程的教学内容、教学要求、有效年限、专业层次等都不低于现修被替代课程《刑法学（1）（2）》方可免修免考。如：高自考《刑法学》教学内容和要求高于电大《刑法学（1）》但低于《刑法学（1）（2）》，因此高自考《刑法学》不能替代电大《刑法学（1）（2）》。那么能否替代《刑法学（1）》呢？回答不能！因为《刑法学（1）》不是一门课，无法替代一门课的部分内容。十六．那些证书能免修免考电大课程？ 国家外语四、六级证书（替代非外语专业所有英语课程，6年有效期）、国家承认的基础专业（如数学专业、英语专业等）毕业证书（替代非本专业相对应的基础课程）等。十七．省级电大审核的基本程序？ （1）由省级电大按照申请免修免考的条件、申请免修免考的原则，负责对学生有关证件的有效性进行审核，并将有关证件、材料复印存档且填写初审意见。（由经办人初审并填写）。 （2）省级电大要聘请熟悉本课程教学要求且具有中级以上职称的专职教师，根据专业层次、教学内容和要求不低于现修课程教学大纲要求的原则，对有关教材（或教学大纲）进行审核。对于学科发展变化较快的课程，应以学生知识结构的合理性为原则，严格控制并适当缩短证书有效年限。审核之后，要认真填写审定意见及审定结论。 （3）教务处主管领导，要根据免修免考申请条件、原则、专家审定意见及证件的有效性等情况，对申请作最后的审批。 （4）省级电大根据批准的申请报告，将免修免考课程人员情况、单科结业证书复印件及审核意见等文件存入学生成绩档案。（对批准免修免考课程的成绩，按“合格”记载） （5）省级电大应将审批结果，填入“广播电视大学课程替代、免修免考情况登记表”；采用教务管理系统中的成绩管理子模块，录入免修免考课程数据。将免修免考数据和“广播电视大学课程替代、免修免考情况登记表”（打印稿）随考试成绩单报中央电大。 （6）省级电大应按时向申请人反馈中央电大审批结果，通知应包括未批准的原因等情况。十八．中央电大终审程序？ （1）中央电大负责对“广播电视大学课程替代、免修免考情况登记表”进行审核，并根据省级电大上报的有关情况，对学生的课程免修免考档案进行抽查。 （2）中央电大自收到“广播电视大学课程替代、免修免考情况登记表”起三个月内，将终审结果以书面形式通知省级电大你看这里：
你们学校应该有毕业论文的知道手册啊，照上面的就可以了，别人说的不一定对，因为各个学校的论文格式存在一定的差异。 1、论文题目：（下附署名） 要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、内容提要： 是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多 不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文 的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容 特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取 3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分 析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语 主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言 一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作 的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论 证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出问题-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤； d.结论。 6、参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要 文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB77 14-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期） 英文：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出 版物信息。
我也是会计专业的，你可以写纳税方面的，这是老师比较重视的话题 题目：依法纳税的认识 目录：1、企业所得税概述 2、计税依据概述 3、计算应纳税额根据的标准 4、税率概述 5、记税方法 （1）查账征收方式下应纳税额的计算 （2）核定征收方式下应纳税额的计算 6、税收筹划概述 7、合理避税的方法 8、税收筹划最经典的表述 内容摘要：1994年，我国实施了分税制改革。新的《企业所得税暂行条例》规定，企业的所得税税率为33%。这个税率对我国大中型企业和效益好的企业是比较合适的，但对规模较小的企业来说，税收负担水平与原实际税负相比有所上升。为了照顾小型企业的实际困难，也参照世界上一些国家对小企业采用较低税率征税的优惠照顾办法，税法规定，对年应税所得额在3万元以下（含3万元）的企业，按18%的税率征收企业所得税；对年应税所得额超过3万元至10万元（含10万元）的企业，按27%的税率征税， 另外，对设在西部地区国家鼓励类产业的内资企业，在2001年至2010年期间，减按15%的税率征收企业所得税，正确理解税收筹划，做到合理避税。 内容：企业所得税是对各类内资企业和组织的生产、经营所得和其他所得征收的一种税。现行的企业所得税是1993年12月13日由国务院发布《中华人民共和国企业所得税暂行条例》，从1994年1月1日起实行的。 企业所得税的征税对象为来源于中国境内的从事物质生产、交通运输、商品流通、劳务服务和其他营利事业取得的所得，以及取得的股息、利息、租金、转让资产收益、特许权使用费和营业外收益等所得。企业所得税的纳税人为中国境内实行独立经济核算的各类内资企业或组织。具体包括国有、集体、私营、股份制、联营企业和其他组织。 企业所得税的计税依据为应纳税所得额，即纳税人每一纳税年度内的收入总额减除准予扣除的成本、费用、税金和损失等项目后的余额。 计算应纳税额根据的标准，即根据什么来计算纳税人应缴纳的税额。计税依据与征税对象虽然同样是反映征税的客体，但两者要解决的问题不相同。征税对象解决对什么征税的问题，计税依据则是确定了征税对象之后，解决如何计量的向题。有些税种的征税对象和计税依据是一致的，如各种所得税，征税对象和计税依据都是应税所得额。但是有些税种则不一致，如消费税，征税对象是应税消费品，计税依据则是消费品的销售收入。再如，农业税的征税对象是农业总收入，计税依据是税务机关核定的常年应税产量。计税依据分为从价计征和从量计征两种类型，从价计征的税收，以征税对象的自然数量与单位价格的乘积作为计税依据；从量计征的税收，以征税对象的自然实物量作为计税依据，该项实物量以税法规定的计量标准(重量、体积、面积等)计算。 下列项目在计算应纳税所得额时，不得扣除： 1.资本性支出。 2.无形资产受让、开发支出。 3.违法经营的罚款和被没收财物的损失。 4.各项税收滞纳金、罚款和罚金。 5.自然灾害或意外事故损失有赔偿的部分。 6.各类捐赠超过扣除标准的部分。 7.各种非广告性质的赞助支出。 8.与取得收入无关的其他各项支出。 税率:企业所得税实行33%的比例税率。同时，对小型企业实行二档优惠税率。即：全年应纳税所得额3万元以下的，税率18%; 3万元至10万元的，税率为27%; 10万元以上的，税率为33%. 计税方法:企业所得税有查账征收和核定征收两种征收方式。 1、查账征收方式下应纳税额的计算： （1）季度预缴税额的计算 依照税法规定，企业分月（季）预缴所得税时，应当按季度的实际利润计算应纳税额预缴； 按季度实际利润额计算应纳税额预缴有困难的，可以按上一年度应纳税所得额的1/4 计算应纳税额预缴或者经主管国税机关认可的其他方法（如按年度计划利润额）计算应纳税额预缴。计算公式为： 季度预缴企业所得税税额＝月（季）应纳税所得额×适用税率或者 季度预缴企业所得税税额＝上一年度应纳税所得额×1/12（或1/4）× 适用税率 （2）年度所得税额的计算 年度应缴纳的企业所得税和地方所得税都应当在分月（季）度预缴的基础上，于年度终了后进行清算，多退少补。其税额的计算公式为： 全年应纳企业所得税额＝全年应纳税所得额×适用税率 汇算清缴应补（退）企业所得税税额＝全年应纳企业所得税额－月（季）已预缴企业所得税税额 （3）应纳税所得额的计算： 税法规定，应纳税所得额的基本计算公式为： 应纳税所得额=收入总额－准予扣除项目金额 在所得税的实际征管工作及企业的纳税申报中，应纳税所得额的计算，一般是以企业的会计利润总额为基础，通过纳税调整来确定的，即： 应纳税所得额=利润总额+纳税调整增加额-纳税调整减少额-以前年度亏损-免税所得 2、核定征收方式下应纳税额的计算： （1）定额征收方式下应纳税额的计算： 税务机关按照一定的标准、程序和方法，直接核定纳税人年度应纳企业所得税额，由纳税人按规定进行申报缴纳。 （2）核定应税所得率征收方式下应纳税额的计算： 应纳所得税额=应纳税所得额×适用税率 应纳税所得额=收入总额×应税所得率 或……=成本费用支出额÷(1-应税所得率)×应税所得率 税收筹划是纳税人充分利用现行税收法律、法规和制度等政策的不完善、不健全，通过对投资决策、经营管理和会计核算方法的合理安排，达到合法享受税收优惠，避免因对税收政策的不解或误解而产生的税收陷阱，降低公司税负，减少税收支出，增加自身利益，实现公司价值最大化的一种税收筹划行为。即税收筹划是指在税收法律规定的范围内，当纳税人存在着多种纳税方案可供选择时，选择最低的税收负担来处理财务、经营和交易事项。税收筹划是一种有别于偷税、漏税、逃税等非法手段的一种合法的理财行为。 所谓的税收筹划也就是合理避税，既然是合理避税，我想最重要的问题就是不能违反税法，这里的不违反不单指国家颁布的税法，还包括各项税法解释，税务总局的问题答复等等； 避税一定要建立在对税法熟知的基础上，合理避税是要把会计准则和税法相结合,在税法允许的范围内达到不多交纳税款. 怎么把企业所交税合理的降下来，有如下方法可供参考： 1—合理加大成本，降低所得税，可以预提的费用应该进行预提。 2—对设备采取快速折旧法来降低当期所得。 3—采用“分灶吃饭”的方法，把业务分散，原来一个公司名下做的业务分成2-3个公司做，这样既可以增加成本摊消，又可以降低企业所得：比如你现在公司做一年30万利，需要交9万9的所得税，如果分成3个公司做，一年利每个公司就是10万的利，那么所得税3个公司一共是8万1，而其实因为成本渠道的增加，3个公司年利也不会做到30万了，很多成本已经重复摊消和预提了，其节约下来的税就不仅仅是近2万的税了。 4—采用“高税区往低税区”走的方式：各个特区和开发区在税率方面国家都有优惠政策，把公司总部就转设到这些地方，比如深圳的企业所得税才15%。公司的工厂和分公司的一切业务总核算就算到公司总部去，也就享受到了国家的优惠政策了。把企业结算做到：高所得税向低所得税地方走；搞了税赋率的地区向没有搞税赋率的地区走。 5—采用“把工厂和公司注册到香港”的办法，香港是个自由港，是个低税区，一般企业的所得税不超过8%，其他税也特别低和少。 6—借用“高新技术”的名义，享受国家的税务优惠政策：有2免3减，还有3免8减的。把其他业务和产品套进这个里面来做—搭“顺风车”。 7—借用“外资”的名义对企业进行改制，各个地区对外资企业都有税务优惠政策。 8—使用下岗工人和残疾人，也可以享受到国家的税务优惠政策。 9—和学校的校办工厂联合，校办工厂在税务方面国家是有特别优惠政策的。 这些做法是在企业具体运转中可以采用的安全的、合理的、可靠的企业避税方法。 税收筹划最经典的表述，来自于英国上议院议员汤姆林爵士在1935年针对“税务局长诉温斯特大公”一案所作的声明：“任何一个人都有权安排自己的事业，依据法律这样做可以少缴税。为了保证从这些安排中得到利益，不能强迫他多缴税。”之后，这一观点得到了法律界的认同。 综观国外诸多对税收筹划的观点，都指出税收筹划是纳税人所进行的减轻税收负担的节税行为。尽管表述众多形式各异，但基本意义却是一致的，即税收筹划是企业经营者通过合法的的策划和安排，以达到少缴税或实现税后利润最大化的目的。
[经济管理] 浅谈会计人才评价 [佚名][2007年4月24日][2] 简介：无 内容： 在以人为本、人才兴国的战略指导下，财政部从去年开始直接组织高层次会计人才培训，计划用10年左右的时间，培养和造就一批精通业务、善于管理、熟悉国际惯例、具有国际视野和战略思维的高素质、复合型领军人才，发挥会计人才在强化会计职能、宣传会计政策、组织继续教育、研究实务问题等方面的组织推动和辐射作用。这是促进我国会计队伍整体素质全面、迅速提高的一个重要举措。国家通过组织会计从业资格考试、会计技术职称考试、…… [Economic Management] on the evaluation of accounting personnel [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [2] Description: None Content: In people-oriented, human resources strategy of rejuvenating the country, under the guidance of the Ministry of Finance last year directly from high-level accounting personnel training, plans to use about 10 years time, to cultivate and foster a number of good business, good management, familiar with international practice, with an international perspective and strategic thinking of high-quality, complex-type leader personnel, accounting personnel to play in strengthening the accounting functions, accounting policies publicity, organization of continuing education, research and other aspects of the practical problems of organizations to promote the role and radiation. This is to promote the overall quality of China's accounting comprehensive, rapid increase in an important initiative. Through the organization of national accounting qualification examination, the examination of accounting titles, ... ... 12. [Economic Management] On Budget Accounting Problems and Solutions [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [7] Description: None Content: To 1 January, 1998 full implementation of "a total budget of the financial accounting system", "administrative accounting system", "accounting standards and institutions" (pilot), "Accounting systems and institutions" as the signs that have been out of our budget accounting under the planned economy model, embarked on the establishment of the need to adapt to a market economy with Chinese characteristics, scientific norms of the road budget for the accounting model. In recent years, with the financial management to accelerate the pace of structural reform, designed in accordance with the theory of public finance budget management model has to start building, budgeting, implementation and other aspects of the management system is undergoing a fundamental change in the budget accounting of customer ... ... 13. [Economic Management] of the bank accounting management [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [7] Description: None Content: Bank accounting is the emergence of banks and at the same time the birth. Each bank's business operation, that is, the operation of bank accounting, the accounting process to achieve through accounting. In other words, the bank accounts of the accounting process, that is specific for banking business and the realization of the basic functions of the banking process. Bank accounting is not only an important basis for the work of banks, the banks can be an objective starting to reflect the operations, accounting and supervisory role, and of these three banks accounting functions can also be counterproductive in the operation of banks, which are complementary to each other. Accounting functions of the bank to play properly, it may be to promote the bank's business ... ... 14. [Economic Management] of accession to the WTO to meet in rural areas, economic and accounting challenges [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: I. Analysis of the current situation: the 21st century, peace and development remain the two main themes of the world. However, we are faced with the times and changes in the competitive environment. (-) Modern science and technology, the rapid development of knowledge-based economy. The 21st century, state-to-state competition in comprehensive national strength, the key is the competitive scientific and technological strength, the use of high precision, the new science and technology to improve the social productive forces, has been to increase the overall national strength has become an important tool. The overall development of science and technology, integrated and cross-cutting nature, science and technology of an unprecedented rapid spread of knowledge into application and production, will greatly promote the economic and social development. (B) of the whole ... ... 15. [Economic Management], after joining the WTO China's CPA industry supply and demand analysis [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: After China's accession to the WTO Institute of Certified Public Accountants industry analysis of supply and demand has joined the World Trade Organization, which China's reform and opening up will enter a new phase. Accession to the WTO on China's accounting market is bound to a certified public accountant and have a profound impact on the industry, this has been done on a number of experts and scholars. This article from the perspective of supply and demand of China's accession to the WTO a certified public accountant, after an analysis of the industry and pointed out that China's CPA industry will face in the WTO situation and problems, and countermeasures to be taken. A needs analysis: a huge market demand and development of space after China's WTO entry, China's CPA industry needs to face the main ... ... 16. [Economic Management] on the application of a number of issues of Management Accounting Thoughts [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [1] Description: None Content: Management accounting is to meet the needs of economic management within the organization need to be gradually formed and developed, its main function is to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness of a variety of established system of internal accounting controls, preparation and delivery of internal management needs of the kinds of data, information and so on. Ways and means of its needs depending on the design, depending on its mode of economic organization in nature, size, operation and management mode to another. It is the most important function is the best business decisions for maximum operational efficiency and provide a variety of useful programs and information. At present, the Management Accounting in China in the application of business management are at a critical turning point ... ... 17. [Economic Management] Accounting for the current problems and countermeasures [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [0] Description: None Content: The current issue of Accounting and Accounting Measures of the work of my late start, from the 20th century until the late 70s, has experienced trying to stage, stage of development of spontaneous and organized, planned and steady development stage, to current management accounting software-based phase of development. More than 20 years in this course of development, has made great progress, the commercialization of GM of the financial software is widely used. Many of the accounting software development is moving toward specialization, commercialization and socialization of the track. However, due to the financial characteristics of the work itself, as well as the rapid development of networks, the rapid emergence of e-commerce, etc., some ... ... 18. [Economic Management] accounting integrity remodeling [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [2] Description: None Content: Securities market in 2001, the Guangxia, MACAT, ST Dawn of listed companies, such as a series of accounting fraud cases came to light, like a nuclear bomb, the explosion of China's accounting profession, and the outbreak of the end of last year the United States the wake of the Enron case, as well as the recent WorldCom, Xerox, the company's accounting fraud case, it led to a serious crisis in international accounting, the past was known as the iron abacus accounting staff, as a rat running across the street. The credibility of accounting has been severely damaged, resulting in Premier Zhu Rongji in Shanghai National Accounting Institute made no inspection of the school motto accounting. Facing a serious crisis of confidence, how to rebuild the credibility of accounting, ... ... 19. [Economic Management] The essence of strategic management accounting research and analysis of the characteristics [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [0] Description: None Content: First, the nature of strategic management accounting studies, the nature of Strategic Management Accounting Strategic Management Accounting (Strategic Management Accounting hereinafter SMA) is the development of management accounting, but also of the SMA did not form a unified understanding. Although many people have heard their is a clear lack of understanding. Here the author and from the strategic management of SMA, SMA, and the meaning and the development of SMA with the traditional distinction between the management of three areas of accounting, the nature of the SMA. (A) Strategic Management and the SMA SMA-shaped ... ... 20. [Economic Management] Internet era accounting system of innovation: to define property rights and market-oriented [Anonymous] [April 24, 2007] [10] Description: None Content: 【Abstract】 The development of network technology, making accounting information in order to lower cost is expected to be completed to define property rights, which means private products to sell in the market; to negotiate lower costs, so that the original accounting controls may become loose; information distance real-time transmission costs decline, making the production functions of accounting information may be completed by the market, that is, shareholders can be the production of accounting information entrusted to the enterprise other than the trustee, and so on. Finally, this paper, the direction of future research. 【Key Words】 accounting information network technology to hand over power market transaction costs of technology innovation, as well as existing accounting in many ... ...12. [经济管理] 试论我国预算会计存在的问题与对策 [佚名][2007年4月24日][7] 简介：无 内容： 以1998年1月1日起全面执行《财政总预算会计制度》、《行政单位会计制度》、《事业单位会计准则》(试行)、《事业单位会计制度》为标志，表明我国预算会计已摆脱计划经济体制下的模式，走上了建立适应市场经济需要，具有中国特色、科学规范的预算会计模式的道路。近几年，随着财政管理体制改革的步伐加快，按照公共财政理论设计的预算管理模式已开始建立，预算编制、执行等环节的管理制度正在发生根本性的变化，预算会计的客…… 13. [经济管理] 浅谈银行会计管理 [佚名][2007年4月24日][7] 简介：无 内容： 银行会计是与银行的出现而同时诞生的。银行每一笔经营业务的运作过程，也就是银行会计的运作、核算过程，都要通过会计来实现。也就是说，银行会计的核算过程，就是具体办理银行业务和实现银行基本职能的过程。 银行会计不仅是银行的重要基础工作，可以客观地对银行的经营运作起反映、核算和监督作用，而且银行会计的这三个职能还可以反作用于银行的经营运作，它们是相辅相成的。银行会计的职能发挥得当，就可能会促进银行的经营…… 14. [经济管理] 浅谈加入世贸组织,迎接农村、经济、会计的挑战 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 一、当前形势分析： 21世纪，和平与发展仍然是世界的两大主题。但是我们正面临着时代条件和竞争环境的变化。（—）现代科技、知识经济迅速发展。21世纪，国与国之间综合国力的竞争，关键是科技实力的竞争，利用高、精、尖、新的科学技术提高社会生产力，己成为各国提高综合国力的一个重要手段。科学技术发展的整体性、综合性和交叉性，科技知识的空前快速传播、转化应用和生产，将极大地推动经济和社会的发展。（二）全…… 15. [经济管理] 入世后我国注册会计师行业的供求分析 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 入世后我国注册会计师行业的供求分析 我国已经加入世界贸易组织，这标志着我国改革开放将进入一个新阶段。入世必将对我国会计市场和注册会计师行业产生深刻影响，对此已有许多专家学者做过论述。本文仅从供给和需求角度，对入世后我国的注册会计师行业进行分析，并指出我国注册会计师行业在入世后将面临的形势和问题，以及应采取的对策。 一、需求分析：巨大的市场需求和发展空间 入世后，我国注册会计师行业面临的需求主…… 16. [经济管理] 关于我国管理会计应用若干问题思考 [佚名][2007年4月24日][1] 简介：无 内容： 管理会计主要是为适应经济组织内部的经营管理需要而逐步形成和发展起来的，它的主要职能是为提高经营效率和效益而建立的各种内部会计控制制度，编制和提供内部管理需要的各种数据、资料等。它的方法和手段视不同的需要而设计，其模式视不同的经济组织性质、规模大小、经营管理方式而异。它是最重要的职能是为最优经营决策和最高经营效率提供各种有用的方案和资料。 目前，管理会计在我国企业管理中的应用正处在一个关键的转折点…… 17. [经济管理] 会计电算化目前的问题及对对策 [佚名][2007年4月24日][0] 简介：无 内容： 会计电算化目前的问题及对对策 我国的会计电算化工作起步较晚，从20世纪70年代末才开始，经历了尝试阶段、自发发展阶段和有组织、有计划地稳步发展阶段，到目前的管理型会计软件发展阶段。在这20多年的发展过程中，已取得了长足的进步，商品化、通用化的财务软件得到了广泛的应用。许多会计软件的开发已经走向专业化、商品化、社会化的轨道。但由于财务工作本身的特点，以及网络的迅速发展、电子商务的迅速兴起等等，一些…… 18. [经济管理] 重塑会计诚信 [佚名][2007年4月24日][2] 简介：无 内容： 在2001年的证券市场上,银广夏、麦科特、ST黎明等一系列上市公司会计造假案件曝光，像一枚枚重磅炸弹，在我国会计界炸开，而在去年年底美国爆发的安然事件，以及近来的世界通信公司、施乐公司的会计造假案，则引发了一场严重的国际性会计危机，昔日被称为铁算盘的会计人员，成为过街老鼠。会计的信誉已受到了严重损害，以致于朱总理在上海国家会计学院视察时提出了不做假账的校训。面临严重的信任危机，如何重塑会计的诚信，…… 19. [经济管理] 战略管理会计的本质研究和特点分析 [佚名][2007年4月24日][0] 简介：无 内容： 一、战略管理会计的本质研究 一、战略管理会计的本质 战略管理会计（Strategic Management Accounting以下简称SMA）是对管理会计的发展，但目前人们对SMA还没有形成统一的认识。许多人虽然对其有所耳闻，却缺乏一个清晰的理解。这里笔者从战略管理与SMA、SMA的发展及含义和SMA与传统管理会计的区别三个方面，阐述SMA的本质。 （一）战略管理与SMA SMA的形…… 20. [经济管理] 网络时代会计的制度创新：产权界定与市场化 [佚名][2007年4月24日][10] 简介：无 内容： 【摘要】网络技术的发展,使得会计信息可望以较低的成本完成产权界定,从而以私人产品的方式在市场上出售;谈判成本的降低,使原本的会计管制可能变得宽松；信息远程实时传送成本的下降，使得会计信息的生产职能可能由市场来完成，即股东可将会计信息的生产委托给企业经营者以外的受托人，等等。最后，本文提出了未来的研究方向。【关键词】会计信息 网络技术 交易成本 交权市场化 技术的不断创新以及现行会计在许……