我们写毕业论文的时候是需要有英文摘要的。
是的。不过语句要通顺，别人只会初步看一下，没有明显错误就可以了。本科的要求不高
是的，而且摘要翻译一般要用被动语态。
基本上是的.
The level of recycling of construction waste in China today is relatively low. As a consequence, resource wastage and environmental pollution occured. This paper discusses, in detail, the categories, composition and sources of the construction waste. This paper offers insights on both the current state, and the future trend of construction waste recycling in China at both policy-making and technological levels. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the importance and the dire necessity of the nation-wide adaptation of of the "resourcing" of construction waste. By exploring the methods used in "resourcing" both within China and overseas (with waste wood chips and cement as examples), we propose a few feasible suggestions. Via an analytical methodology, including rigorous examination of the estimations of the amount of construction waste produced, we establish several applicable ranges of the various methods of estimation. Based on the analysis of the relationship between quantity of construction waste, and other contributing factors, we propose a formula which forecasts the amount of production based on data input. 我修改了一下几个句子的顺序。专业名词你可能还得校正一下哦:)
Abstract By the global financial crisis, the huge impact all over the increasingly serious problem of employment, which makes the situation even worse that the employment difficulties faced by staff, which includes part of education is not high, lack of social experience, no skills of young people, because now at the start of community, social roles of their conversion of a sudden it is difficult to deal with a very good, around the lack of adequate social resources to help them find work, resulting in the employment difficulties faced by these young people indulge in all day at places such as Internet cafes, often this ever It is easy to lead them to commit crimes. Therefore this article attempts a typical case study of employment assistance to explore how to make better use of professional social work values and methods to help those facing employment difficulties of young people to achieve employment objectives. In order to achieve this goal, the first part of this paper, the main card at home and abroad on the subject of employment assistance to the existing research results as well as support for this case the theoretical basis and methods of social work, the latter half is a combination of theoretical foundation and social work method to analyze the case, and to summarize how to better the experience of youth employment assistance. Keywords: employment assistance; casework; talks
As the degree of air pollution in recent years China's increasing severity, people began to realize that the atmospheric pollution hazards and began to reflect, to environmental damage from extensive mode for the cost of economic development has not been able to continue. The atmospheric environment if continue to be very serious pollution, the development of human society will cause inestimable losses. Change the mode of economic growth, control of air pollution, protect the atmospheric environment is imminent. Taking Xinle city as an example, through the data collected from Xinle City, the current pollution situation is very serious, at the same time, according to people in the past on air pollution control experience combined with the local reality put forward the view of their own, starting from the legislative means, economic means, ideological education and so on, in order to provide suggestions for the to solve the problem of local air pollution.（毕业大学生真泛滥啊.............
摘要：进入本世纪以来，以互联网为核心的的网络通信技术已经得到飞速的发展和广泛的应用，世界经济的全球化趋势不可逆转。 Abstract: in the since the turn of the century, the Internet as the core in the network communication technology has been rapid development and the widespread application, the globalization trend of the world economy is irreversible. 在二十一世纪第二个十年的今天，我们已经走入网络经济时代，企业利用互联网有效开展网络营销活动，寻找新的商机，已经成为了一种必然的选择。 In the second decade of the 21st century, we had walked into the network today economic times, enterprise use the Internet to effectively develop network marketing activities, looking for new business opportunities, has become a kind of inevitable choice. 本文从网络营销的内涵入手，探讨了加多宝集团王老吉凉茶的经典网络营销案例，对这一案例的营销创新、存在的不足及网络营销细节问题进行了分析，，并针对加多宝集团在我国的发展、实施的障碍，提出了措施和对策。 This article from the network marketing, probes into the connotation of WangLaoJi cool tea add much treasure group the classic network marketing case, the case of marketing innovation, the shortcomings of the details and network marketing, analyzes the problems, and in the light of the stupa group in China with the development, implementation, and puts forward measures and obstacles countermeasures. 关键词：网络营销 加多宝集团 王老吉 营销策略 发展 障碍 措施 Keywords: network marketing WangLaoJi add much treasure group marketing strategy development obstacle measures
Since ChinaUniversityEnrollment began inthe latenineteen ninties,college students employment difficult problemarose,in recent years,decreasedinitial employmentrate of university graduates,supply and demand ratiois increased,the employment situation is not optimistic,receivedwidespread attention from all sectors of society,college studentsemploymentproblem has become one ofthe most last outbreak of the financialcrisis sweeping the globe,so that morecollege students employmentdifficult,this paper analyzesthe employment situation of university studentsfrom many aspects,in order tolet the studentsunderstand the currentsocial situation,the employment problemand thus a better solution补充：The characteristics ofthe largestemployment of college students isthe totalincrease ingraduates,high,andemployment situation ofwhole andnot improved the status quois contradictory,the difficult employment of college studentshasbecome an indisputable fact,investigate its reason,mainly is thedislocation oftalent supply andmarket demand,and thegraduates'Comprehensive toimprove the quality of personnel training,is the key tosolvethe difficult problem ofemployment of university students.
Abstract:In summing up the previous research papers on the basis of information through data collection, data analysis, a formation backstripping law (Backstrippingmethod) of the study area seven representative profile for the basin restoration of buried history, on the basis of this structure in the area Evolution for analysis. By analyzing a number of seismic profiles, described Tg7-Tg of the earthquake sequence and the reflection characteristics of geological significance, on various floors of the formation of the distribution. Layered described Cambrian - the Triassic formation, with the period of tectonic events on the sedimentary layers and structural features several important period of formation is not integrated interface, and Tajikistan low uplift tectonic evolution into paleouplift a period ( As early as the late Ordovician), paleouplift stereotypes period (late Ordovician late), the uplift of ancient period (Silurian Period to the Devonian), partial adjustment period (late Hercynian) in four phases. At the same time period the main structural style was analyzed. Papers further study of the work area and tectonic evolution of the relationship between oil and gas accumulation, Ordovician oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is the main purpose of layers. Research shows that: the main source Depression, the Tarim Basin in the Cambrian an Ordovician, the first distribution of the reservoir basin structural framework and system control oil and gas, followed by the source-portfolio, integrated fault and not control. Ⅰ fracture in the tower of the study area of oil and gas accumulation effect Obviously, the fault is the major oil and gas migration channels.
推荐楼主用机译,因为这个文章实在很长.
要的，当年我毕业论文就有。不难吧，网上随便翻译一下就行。其实不太重要，没人看。毕业论文主要看最后老师现场答辩，一般不犯大错误都能给你'良"。
通篇翻译~这项考察的是对外部文献的检索和对其他语言专业相关的文献的理解能力。对找的论文要求不大，大概就是跟所学专业相关的英文文献，字数的话你们导师应该有要求。
需要，翻译也不难，大不了去某宝找个翻译的，也就20块钱
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文 。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
As the degree of air pollution in recent years China's increasing severity, people began to realize that the atmospheric pollution hazards and began to reflect, to environmental damage from extensive mode for the cost of economic development has not been able to continue. The atmospheric environment if continue to be very serious pollution, the development of human society will cause inestimable losses. Change the mode of economic growth, control of air pollution, protect the atmospheric environment is imminent. Taking Xinle city as an example, through the data collected from Xinle City, the current pollution situation is very serious, at the same time, according to people in the past on air pollution control experience combined with the local reality put forward the view of their own, starting from the legislative means, economic means, ideological education and so on, in order to provide suggestions for the to solve the problem of local air pollution.（毕业大学生真泛滥啊.............
In this paper, ordinary differential equations courses, to explore how to realize "high-early binding", and mathematics in secondary schools in the basis of ordinary differential equations, as well as ordinary differential equations of the guiding role of mathematics in secondary schools to do some discussion, for systems of ordinary differential equations of high under the mathematical point of view to provide some secondary words, Ordinary Differential Equations; School Mathematics; combination of high early
论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，要求扼要地说明研究工作的目的、研究方法和最终结论等，重点是结论，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要。
中文名
论文摘要
外文名
abstract
字 数
一般为正文字数10%左右
语 言
一般中文与英文并存
主要组成
目的 方法 结果 结论
1.我们以一篇论文摘要为例。 打开智能翻译官,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
2.点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
3.文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
百度翻译
适用场景：长/短文献
写英文摘要对很多人来说是一件非常痛苦的事，这时候不妨把中文文档上传到【百度翻译】，立马就能得到中英对照的翻译结果。
下载的时候可免费导出Word格式的文档，二次修改很方便~PS:百度翻译不支持上传PDF格式，需要转换成Word格式哦。
译文：abstract
英［＇æbstrækt］
释义：
adj.纯理论的；抽象的；抽象派的
n.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念；抽象派艺术作品
v.摘要；提取；抽象化；退出；转移；使心不在焉
［复数：abstracts；第三人称单数：abstracts；现在分词：abstracting；过去式：abstracted；过去分词：abstracted；比较级：more abstract；最高级：most abstract］
短语：
abstract algebra［数］抽象代数；近世代数；［数］抽象代数学；代数结构
扩展资料：
词语辨析：summary，abstract，digest，outline，resume
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
1、summary普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
2、abstract指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
3、digest侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
4、outline指配以释议文字的提纲。
5、resume源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。