只要将摘要的标题,做成一级标题或某及标题的样式,就能够利用自动插入目录的功能了。摘要是毕业论文的重要组成部分,主要是对论文内容进行简单的介绍。
虽然我们看到的摘要都是在论文开头部分,但实际写作中都是在正文完成后才写的。摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等。中文摘要一般不宜超过300字,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。
摘要的写作:
1、客观
论文的摘要要与论文的主题内容相符,不能夸大或缩小。要能紧紧的围绕正文内容中提出的观点和方法进行概括。不要将论文以外的内容写下,也不要将研究的成果或结序写进去,摘要内容应是不做评论的。
2、简洁
摘要是整篇论文的浓缩版,因为对其字数有所要求限制,一般不能超过400字数。所以我们就要用最简洁的语言将论文的主体观点和内容进行概括。这就务必要求我们做到字字为精了。
3、完整
摘要作为一篇论文的浓缩版,是需要能够独立形成的短文。其中的内容结构应包括有目的,方法,结果和结论等。摘要并不是只要将正文内容里的几句话找出来拼凑在一起,而是要语义连贯,保持论文的上下文逻辑关系顺畅,所以结构一定要严谨。
说详细点才可能
1、选中你要作为目录(比如中英文摘要)的标题。然后点击“AaBb标题1”。你会发现原本一级目录前面没有的小黑点出现了,在导航窗格也出现了效果。
2、然后,在你正文的前面插入自动目录即可。插入的方法是:在word里面点击“引用>目录>自动目录”。就生成了自动目录。
扩展资料:
第一部分:封面
封面 :封面是一篇论文的门面,所以要简洁明了。封面应该写明毕业论文,字体为“宋体二号”。名称下面依次是论文题目、作者、学院、专业、学号、班级、指导老师,字体为"宋体小二号",格式居中对齐,有下划线,字体均为黑色(下同)。
题目:题目应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字(不同院校可能要求不同)。本专科毕业论文一般无需单独的题目页,硕博士毕业论文一般需要单独的题目页,展示院校、指导教师、答辩时间等信息。英文部分一般需要使用Times New Roman字体。
第二部分:版权声明
版权声明:一般而言,硕士与博士研究生毕业论文内均正文前附版权声明,独立成页。个别本科毕业论文也有此项。字体为宋体四号字。
第三部分;摘要和关键词
摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字(不同院校可能要求不同)。字体为宋体三号,需要加粗。摘要正文为宋体小四号。
关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个(不同院校可能要求不同)最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。关键词之间需要用分号或逗号分开。关键词为宋体小四号加粗字体 需要顶格写,关键词正文为宋体小四号不加粗字体。
第四部分;目录
目录:写出目录,标明页码。正文各一级二级标题(根据实际情况,也可以标注更低级标题)、参考文献、附录、致谢等。目录两字用宋体三号加粗字体,需要居中。目录中的一级二级标题处用宋体小四号字体不需要加粗,一般用电脑生成.
第五部分;主体部分
正文:专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在5000字以上,本科文学学士毕业论文通常要求8000字以上,硕士论文可能要求在3万字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。
毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。
参考资料:百度百科-毕业论文
一、1.题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”)(学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中)
2.英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。)
3.(英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)
4.正文介绍。顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行)
二、中主要分为“正文、一级标题、二级标题、三级标题,等等” 之所以要分这些类型主要是和自动生成目录有关系。你必须把word中的标题和正文都设置好响应的属性,才能自动生成目录。
2.至于一级标题顾名思义,是这一章的章节名。等同于论文中的编号:1、2、3这个层次的。二级标题则是这一章的内容里的小节名。类似于论文中的编号:、、。三级标题则是内容中更为细分的小节名。类似于论文中的编号:、、。而正文就是你的论文内容文字。
3.在自动生成目录时,系统会根据你设置好的标题名和标题属性给自动按层次生成好目录,而正文是不会被收录到目录中的。
扩展资料
英文题名方法
①英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成;短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要,词序不当,会导致表达不准。
②一般不要用陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义,且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名,因为疑问句有探讨性语气,易引起读者兴趣。
③同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
④国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制,有的规定题名不超过2行,每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;有的要求题名不超过14个词。这些规定可供我们参考。
⑤在论文的英文题名中。凡可用可不用的冠词均不用。
(参考资料 百度百科 论文格式)
只要将摘要的标题,做成一级标题或某及标题的样式,就能够利用自动插入目录的功能了。摘要是毕业论文的重要组成部分,主要是对论文内容进行简单的介绍。
虽然我们看到的摘要都是在论文开头部分,但实际写作中都是在正文完成后才写的。摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等。中文摘要一般不宜超过300字,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。
摘要的写作:
1、客观
论文的摘要要与论文的主题内容相符,不能夸大或缩小。要能紧紧的围绕正文内容中提出的观点和方法进行概括。不要将论文以外的内容写下,也不要将研究的成果或结序写进去,摘要内容应是不做评论的。
2、简洁
摘要是整篇论文的浓缩版,因为对其字数有所要求限制,一般不能超过400字数。所以我们就要用最简洁的语言将论文的主体观点和内容进行概括。这就务必要求我们做到字字为精了。
3、完整
摘要作为一篇论文的浓缩版,是需要能够独立形成的短文。其中的内容结构应包括有目的,方法,结果和结论等。摘要并不是只要将正文内容里的几句话找出来拼凑在一起,而是要语义连贯,保持论文的上下文逻辑关系顺畅,所以结构一定要严谨。
毕业论文如何自动生成目录如下:
打开WPS文字,粘贴一段文字。修改标题样式,将引言选为标题1。选择各个段落的标题,设置为标题2。选择要插入目录的位置,点击引用,选择目录,点击插入即可完成操作。
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章,简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。
论文的基本结构
论文属于议论文,其基本结构一般包括三部分,分别是论题、论证和结论。论题指论文真实性需要证明的命题,论证即论述并证明。主要指引用论据来证明论题的真实性的论述过程,是由论据推出论题时所使用的推理形式。
论文标题应以最恰当、最简明的语词来反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合,尽可能避免使用不常见的缩写省略词、字符、代号、符号和公式等。论文摘要即摘录要点,是对论文内容的简短陈述,提示论文的主要观点、见解、论据或概括地简单介绍论文的主要内容。
选中摘要俩字,Alt+Shift+O 搞定!英文摘要也一样噢
先打开word文档。步骤一:打开要更改的word文档,点击文档页面上面工具栏里面的引用工具,再选择插入目录工具。步骤二:在弹出来的页面上点击选项,在标题后输入1这个数字,然后再点击页面上的确定。步骤三:再次点击页面上的确定,这样就可以自动生成对应的目录。步骤四:如果后面写论文时有修改增加或减少论文标题,可以点击上面的引用工具,选择更新目录。步骤五:然后在弹出来的页面上勾选更新整个目录,再在弹出来的页面上点击确定即可得到一个新的目录。
在WPS Office软件中打开文档,选择引用工作栏中的目录选项,在下拉列表中选择目录样式,即可完成目录的自动生成。
工具/原料:
联想ThinkVision
Windows7
WPS Office2021
1、打开文档
运行WPS,打开要生成目录的Word文档。
2、找到目录
在工具栏中选择引用,在工作区找到目录,单击目录下边的三角箭头。
3、选择自动目录
在下拉列表中选择自动目录的样式。
4、自动生成目录
选择成功后就会自动生成目录。
摘要放进自动生成的目录里有以下方法。1.单击进入endnote设置页面。2.设置endnote,选择该部分的结尾,然后单击apply。3.因此尾注是在本节末尾生成的。4.单击章节导航,查看文章中有多少章节。5.找到知道章末尾的目录,将光标移动到前一章,点击分隔符,下一页分割,可以把目录和目录的前一节,以同样的方式引用到一段之后,删除多余的空间。6.分为四节,中间部分有两节,参考部分仍分为两部分。7.找到引用所在的部分,点击合并到前面的部分,使操作直到中间部分变成一个部分。引用后面是可以插入分隔符的文档。论文目录自动生成的步骤如下:工具:2021版WPSword文档。操作系统:win0。电脑:联想笔记本Y50-70AM-ISE。1、打开WPSword文档,删除原来的目录,点击【引用】选择【插入目录】,点击【选项】,在标题后输入1,再点击【确定】。2、再次点击【确定】,就自动生成了目录;3、修改增加论文标题后,点击【引用】选择【更新目录】;4、再点击【确定】这样就可以直接生成目录了,非常的方便。论文目录自动生成步骤如下:电脑:华硕A456U。系统:win7。1、在桌面打开word文档,并输入一段需要更改的目录。2、选中需要设为一级标题的文字,点击功能区“开始”选项下的“标题一”。3、长按ctrl键,选中全部需要设为二级标题的文字。4、点击上方的“标题二”。5、长按ctrl键,选中全部需要设为三级标题的文字。6、同样的点击上方的“标题三”。这样所有的格式已经设置好了,下面开始生成目录。7、在一级标题的开头点击“enter”,使它上边留出空余的一行,把光标放在空余的一行最前边,然后点击功能区”引用“。8、在”引用“下找到第一个”目录“,点开找到下列的”自动目录“就可以了。
论文易-致力于为用户提供最好的学术平台Abstract是对论文最精髓的提炼。其重要性体现在:将论文发给审稿人后,审稿人一般会用最短的时间阅读abstract,判断论文内容是否为其所熟悉的领域,决定是否接受审稿。故abstract和 Coverletter一样是论文的门面,会给审稿人留下极为重要的第一印象。如果“第一口苹果的味道不好”,审稿人会拒绝评审您的论文。这样会使得杂志需要再次筛选合适的审稿人而延长审稿时间。更为严重的是,有的审稿人甚至会直接寻找理由建议主编退稿。此外,abstract 也是电子期刊数据库免费提供的部分,能读到abstract的读者远比能读到全文的读者多得多,读者会根据abstract来判断是否需要阅读全文,因此abstract的清楚表达十分重要。杂志对摘要的形式要求大致可以分为:报道性摘要(informativeabstract)、指示性摘要(indicative abstract)和报道指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)三种。摘要一定要简明扼要(多数杂志会在投稿指南中标明要求的规定数字),按照规定的顺序介绍主要的研究目的(objective)、研究背景(background)、研究过程(methods andmaterials)、结果 (results)以及结论(conclusion),这种介绍必须让审稿专家及读者能够看懂并把握整个实验的主要过程及结果。撰写摘要常采用的句型:(1)以to eluicdatie the mechanism..…,to investigate..…, 或者 for the purpose of ..,讲述研究目的。注意写出最适合表达目的的动词。(2)… was/were carried out..写研究的内容及方法,注意一般是过去时态。(3) The results showed that ,讲述研究得出的主要结果。不一定要面面俱到地列出具体数据,可根据杂志习惯把握详细程度。(4) The result of the present work implied that.,讲述您得出的结论。这种表达方法会让读者感到作者对科学研究具有严谨的态度,使其对结果的可信度增高。注意要避免空泛、夸大结论等常见问题。另外,在写abstract时应尽可能避免用到参考文献,如果一定要用,那么一定要将全部细节写出来。要始终记住一点,abstract是一个独立的部分;换句话说,别人不看您的论文,只看您的abstract就能了解您的研究工作。经验是:在写论文正文时,先写一篇abstract的草稿,使这个草稿发挥正文提纲的作用,写完正文;正文定稿以后,回过头再检查abstract能否堪任论文最精华缩影的作用,如果不能则再做修改。始终记住好的abstract和好的论文一样是改出来的,不是写出来的。写作中需要谨慎、正确地使用时态,因为科学领域的职业道德规范决定了在撰写论文是应正确使用时态。论文发表后,其内容就成为科技领域中的已有知识;后人在提及发表的科研成果,都应该表示出应有的尊敬:而表示尊敬的方法就是使用现在时态。相反,如果已发表的研究成果后来被证实是错误的,那么在论文中提及该研究结果时使用过去式更为合适。
英语论文摘要怎么写?英语论文摘要格式模板(附范例)
英语论文摘要
英语专业毕业论文摘要怎么写
英文论文摘要怎么写
怎么写好英语论文摘要
……
这些都是百度知道中网友们提出来的热点话题,在此我为大家总结了英语论文摘要的写法,英语论文摘要的格式参考,并附上范例一则,希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式
中英文摘要对应,内容要基本保持一致;中文在前,英文在后。字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要
①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)
②下空一行居中打印“摘要”二字(宋体小四号加粗),字间空一字符。
③“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(宋体小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个,宋体小四号),各关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要
①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)
②下空一行居中打印英文单词“Abstract”(Times New Roman小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四,倍行距,两端对齐)
④摘要内容后下空一行打印“Key Words”( Times New Roman 小四号加 粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词,Times New Roman小四号)。除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写。各关键词之间用分号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma
(空1行)
Abstract
(空1行)
Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.
After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others’ mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma’s self-knowledge.
(空1行)
Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge
范例:
A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and English
Abstract
Word is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part of culture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, "English" is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of "English" and "English" is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concerned about the characteristics of the "norms" word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.
Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere
中西方文化差异
摘要
词是社会的的结晶,是人类历史和文化的结晶。它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识,历史文化,风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。不同的文化背影和文化传统,使中西方在思维方式,价值观念,行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。语文是文化的载体,词汇是文化信息的浓缩,是语言的重要组成部分,它反映着文化的发展和变化,同时也直接反映着文化的差异。我们都知道中西方有着不同的文化氛围。中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化遗产。英语在当今世界政治、经济、文化等领域发挥着暂时无其他语言可以替代的作用,英语除了是一些国家的母语之外,还作为第二语言或通用外语在许多国家使用。作为一种符号系统,“英语”是一种语言,就其使用情况而言,当今世界存在着各种各样的“英语”,“英语”这个名称事实上只是一个简单的称呼,我们不能望文生义地认为它是一种单一的,同质的现象;它是在世界各地和各种不同情况下使用的许多英语变体的集合。但是由于地理、历史、文化、社会习俗等不同因素的影响,当今的英语之行演化成为家具有广泛影响的两种世界性的英语变体,那就是英国英语和美国英语。随着语言本身的发展,它们之形成各自的特点,并且相互间存在差异。在美国英语和英国英语方面,关注的特点在于“规范”两字。本文对英、美英语的起源和发展简单介绍后,就英、美语在词汇方面的差异研究并探讨这两种英语的特点及其差异,有利于正确地表达、丰富相关的英语知识,提高运用英语的能力。
关键词::独立;文化;氛围
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英文摘要可以用百度翻译,然后复制上去,目录设定很简单,在word或者wps里面有目录设定,选中目录点选那个目录设定可以来设定是一级目录还是二级目录的。
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第步:光标停第页第行第字前插入-分隔符-连续-文件-页面设置-版式-节起始位置:接续本页-应用于:本节-确定-插入-页码-首页显示页码-确定;此时整篇文档首页显示页码其按顺序从2直排下去;第二步:光标停第二页第行第字插入-分隔符-下页-文件-页面设置-版式-节起始位置:新建页-应用于:本节-确定-插入-页码-首页显示页码-确定;此时第二页也显示页码;第三步:光标停第三页第行第字插入-分隔符-下页-文件-页面设置-版式-节起始位置:新建页-应用于:本节-确定-插入-页码-首页显示页码-格式-数字格式:IIIIII…-选起始页码--确定;此时从整篇文章第三页起IIIIII…依次排下去;第四步:光标停第五页首行首字母插入-分隔符-下页-文件-页面设置-版式-节起始位置:新建页-应用于:本节-确定-插入-页码-对齐方式:居-首页显示页码-格式-数字格式:123…-选起始页码--确定;
实在太多了,看不下去
中文摘要及关键词:“摘要”二字采用三号字黑体、居中书写,“摘”与“要”之间空两格,内容采用小四号宋体。“关键词”三字采用小四号字黑体,顶格书写,一般为3—5个。英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应,字体为小四号times new roman。
1、摘要
论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以300字左右为宜。
摘要是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。
2、关键词
关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句,一般3-5个。
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“摘要”的左下方。
扩展资料:
1、论文的结构:
论文一般由题名、作者、目录、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。论文各组成的排序为:题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献、附录和致谢。
2、摘要写作的注意事项:
(1)不得简单重复题名中已有的信息,忌讳把引言中出现的内容写入摘要,不要照搬论文正文中的小标题或论文结论部分的文字,也不要诠释论文内容。
(2)尽量采用文字叙述,不要将文中的数据罗列在摘要中;文字要简洁,应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容,应删除无意义的或不必要的字眼;内容不宜展开论证说明,不要列举例证,不介绍研究过程;
(3)摘要的内容必须完整,不能把论文中所阐述的主要内容(或观点)遗漏,应写成一篇可以独立使用的短文。
(4)摘要一般不分段,切忌以条列式书写法。陈述要客观,对研究过程、方法和成果等不宜作主观评价,也不宜与别人的研究作对比说明。
参考资料来源:百度百科-论文格式
In the Chinese market economy system of perfect gradually and personnel system reform, college graduates also further by the former national bag distributive changed into talent market, execute self-dependent career choice, two-way choice. Students think graduates employment, the whole process often become very important for an interview by the necessary one level. Want to fierce job hunting competition seek to their ideal position, break through the interview shut are particularly important. I personally think graduate needs thorough understanding of contemporary the profound meaning of the interview. It is the accepting unit personnel recruitment procedures important segment. It is mainly through the interviewee applicant with the formal talk to applicant, in order to achieve the business knowledge level, appearance poise, work experience, to apply for a job motivation, expressing ability, development potential, reaction ability, individual hobby etc form relatively objective understanding, familiar with, to decide whether to hire the judgement of the candidates with the decision-making process. The interview form agile diversity, general the interviewer is two-way communication, the applicant with a different number of contrast, interview process take the question and answer form, ask questions are generally by the interviewer design ahead of good questions group, or the applicant with a conversation in the random questions. No matter what forms and modes, the purpose is to comprehensive study and understand the basic quality. This paper discusses the recruitment concept, and the meaning of a job interview, analyzes the characteristics of a job interview, finally, it introduces the design of a job interview, including interview system flow, interview questions design and common interview mistakes. Individual students think interviews are the most frequently used recruitment selection tool. Interview have other method incomparable advantages, it can make a recruiter opportunity to directly contact applicant, judge whether the applicant work with enthusiasm and wit, still can evaluate the facial expressions, instruments and emotional control ability, etc, thus obtains the direct-viewing understanding and eventually decide if you can offer. So, many enterprises in hire employees, before an interview with the applicant is very necessary.