1. 旅游的小文章（英语） Last summer vacation,my family and I went to Qingdao by was always sunshine and fresh air,which made us so went to the seaside,the sea was as blue as the sky,and bathing in the sunshine on the beach, was really an enjoyable also picked up a lot of colorful shells with my little we bought many interesting souvenirs,I was planing to send them to my ate many tings there,such as fish,prawn,and so are very we lived in a clean and tidy hotel,and the price was not so like Qingdao very much,and if I got a chance,I hope to e here again,it is such a beautiful and interesting place. 上个暑假，我和我的家人坐火车去了青岛。那里总是阳光明媚，空气也很清新，令人心情舒畅。我们去了海边，海水和天空一样的蓝，在沙滩上沐浴着阳光，是件很享受的事儿。我和妹妹还捡了好多五颜六色的贝壳。我们在这里买了好多有趣的纪念品，我打算送给我的朋友们。我们在这里吃到了很多东西，比如鱼，虾..真的很美味。 我们住在一个干净整洁的旅馆里，而且价格不是很昂贵。 我很喜欢这里，如果有机会我还希望可以再次去青岛，这个美丽有趣的地方。2. 一篇关于旅游英语小短文 好像来晚了呀 不过还是给你参考参考 我自己写的 It was last National Holiday,I went to Shandong Province on my own with a travel really had a unforgotable holiday there. We took a ship there,the weather wasn't so great then,however,when we got to Yantai,it's we had a big was tired that day,and fell asleep fast. The following day,we did some sightseeing in next day,we went to Confucius's home,it was just huge and amazing which I could never with the home of Wang Xizhi,it was great. The third day was really tired for me,cuz we climbed Mount was a rainy day,I put on was really hard for me. My trip to Shandong wasn't bad,I really enjoyed it. 希望楼主满意阿。 3. 关于旅游的英文文章 An orientation tour that begins with a drive around the Civic District past the Padang, Cricket Club, historic Parliament House, Supreme Court and City Hall. Stop at the MERLION PARK for great views of Marina Bay and a picture-taking opportunity with The Merlion, a mythological creature that is part lion and part fish. Visit THIAN HOCK KENG TEMPLE, one of Singapore's oldest Buddhist-Taoist temples, before driving past Chinatown to watch craft *** en at work at a LOCAL HANDICRAFT CENTRE. Proceed to the NATIONAL ORCHID GARDEN, located within Singapore Botanic Gardens, which boasts a sprawling display of 60,000 orchid plants. Our final stop at LITTLE INDIA will entrance you with the scent of joss sticks, ja *** ine and spices。 4. 旅游的好处 英语议论文 旅游的好处（The Advantages of Travel） Whenever a college student is asked, "What are you going to do this summer vacation?" The most probable answer might be "I am going to have a travel. " It sounds that college students are fond of travelling. Why? Because travel has numerous advantages. First of all, travel can widen our knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practise a foreign language through travelling. Finally, travel is the best way of pastime. We can enjoy eating various food and seeing beautiful sceneries. In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time. 旅游的好处 不管你什么时候问一个大学生这样一个问题：“今年暑假你要做什么？”他很可能这样回答：“我要去旅游。”听起来大学生们是喜欢旅游的。为什么呢？ 因为旅游有许多好处。 首先，旅游可以扩大我们的地理知识以及扩大我们对不同地区不同国家的风俗、文化和生活方式方面的知识。其次，通过旅游我们可以交朋友、练外语。最后，旅游是消遣的最好方法，我们可以享受各种食品，观看美丽景色。 一句话，旅游的好处不止一个方面，花些时间是值得的。 5. 跪求旅游英语论文 随着旅游业的发展，在有些国家或地区旅游业甚至成为经济收入最大的支柱产业.旅游是经济、社会、文化等现象的综合反映，这一特性决定了旅游的发展必然给旅游地带来经济，环境，社会等一系列积极的影响。 发展旅游业，还能增长当地的就业机会，使更多的人有业可从，解决了社会中就业的一大难题，降低社会制安事件的发生频率.同时， 各地游客的进入， 增长了当地居民和外地人的接触和交往， 促进了相互间的文化交流， 扩大了视野， 提高了文化素养.发展国内旅游业还可以促进其他产业的发展.旅游业的发展能 *** 旅游者的消费，从而可以形成和扩大新的消费市场。 旅游对经济环境的有利影响是最为显著的，旅游业和其他产业相比，是一个投资少，见效快，无污染 的产业，同时，旅游业还能带动其他产业的发展，这就使旅游业对于该地区国民经济收入具有重大的意义. 旅游业对生态环境也有明显的有利影响.随着旅游业的日益发展，不断地开发旅游资源，其中有不少旅游资源原来就存在一些生态问题，，在旅游资源开发中，便可采取旅游生态建设和污染治理的措施，使开发出来的旅游资源比原来的生态环境质量更高，即旅游开发美化了生态环境.旅游业还能保持生态环境.旅游资源开发出来进入利用阶段，若能科学地管理，能使当地生态环境进入良性循环. 发展国内旅游业对于激发人民的爱国主义热情，增进人们的身体健康，提高生活质量具有较大的作用。 旅游者游览祖国锦绣山河和名胜古迹，对其开阔眼界，陶冶情操，扩大信息交流，增强身心健康都有积极的作用。尤其是在青少年中开展爱国主义教育，国内旅游发挥的作用更为明显。 再次，发展内旅游还可以促进思想观念的更新，从而提高人民的素质。国内旅游发展所形成的游客流是信息流、观念流的载体。 这些信息、观念、思维、生活方式的传播，可以起着打破当地封闭保守思想、引发思维观念更新的作用。强化人们之间的思想文化交流，更新思想观念，其意义比因发展旅游所获得的经济效益要深远得多。 国内旅游业无论对于社会主义物质文明还是精神文明建设都有十分重要的促进作用。因此，发展国内旅游业应当引起社会各界特别是旅游界的充分重视。 当然，有好处就会有坏处。在旅游食宿措施的建设过程中，水、电及其他能源供应的絮乱，费水、废气、垃圾的处理不及时等都可能对生态环境形成污染。 在经济利益的驱使下，不少旅游地超负荷接待游客，或乱建滥造旅游措施，而使得一些有珍贵历史文化价值的古迹或独特、协调的自然、人文景观遭受破坏 新手，没分，不好意思。 愿意的帮一下，谢谢 旅游区的旅游气氛环境是由当地的自然环境，以及反映当地历史、地方或民族气息的环境烘托出来的，这其中，当地的环境和文化以及历史起了很大的作用。游客在欣赏大自然美景中，也要注意遵守社会公德。 游客自身也是风景的组成部分，不文明的行为举止不仅会玷污美丽的风景，也会破坏他人游览时的心情。和谐是大家共同的心声，为了让人人都能尽其游兴，每一名游客都不能放纵自己，应多一份谦让，多一份风度，营造一个彼此友善、相互谦让的良好旅游氛围。 With the development of touri *** in some countries or regions or even bee a touri *** ine of the largest pillar industry. Touri *** is the economic, social and cultural phenomena, such as a prehensive reflection of this decision features of the development of touri *** is bound to bring touri *** to the economy , The environment, a series of positive social impact. The development of touri *** , but also increase local employment opportunities so that more people from the industry has to address the social employment in one of the major problems and reduce the social security system, the frequency of incidents. At the same time, all over the tourists to enter, an increase of Local residents and outside contacts and exchanges to promote mutual cultural exchanges and expand the vision to improve the culture. The development of domestic touri *** can promote the development of other industries. Development of the touri *** industry can stimulate the growth of tourist spending, Thus the formation of a new and expanding consumer market. Touri *** on the beneficial effects of the economic environment is the most significant, touri *** and other industries, the investment is a *** all, effective, non-polluting the industry, at the same time, touri *** can promote other industries Development, which makes the region for touri *** revenue of the national economy is of great significance. Eco-touri *** on the environment is a clear positive impact. With the increasing development of the touri *** industry, continuous development of touri *** resources, touri *** resources, many of which are original to the existence of a number of ecological problems in the development of touri *** resources, can take eco-touri *** And the 。 6. 以"旅游报告"为题写一篇英语作文 Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book. 旅行也是最好的学习方法之一。你可能看过或者听说过某些事物的报道，但只有当你亲眼看到这些事物时你才能获得准确的信息。眼见为实。此外，如果你是一个细心的观察者，在你的旅行过程中你会学到许多有关当地的地理、生物和历史方面的知识。不管你接受过多好的教育，通过旅行总是可以让你学到更多。你会发现在旅行中获得的知识在你的生活中并不比来自任何一本有影响力的参考书上的价值小。 7. 求一篇关于旅游的英文文章关于旅游的英文文章,最好中英对照的,中 Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm Located by the side of Guankouken inner road of No。 324 national highway in Jimei District, the Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm covers an area of 500 mu。 As the field is not very high, tourists can easily get into the orchard to look around。 All year around fruit trees are planted in the garden for picking and tasting by the tourists in any month。 There are lichee, longan, citrus fruits, carambola, persimmon, mango, strawberry, peaches, plums and more。 The farm is also equipped with a fishing pound, barbecue areas, camping areas, farming areas, refreshment rooms and a restaurant for customers' convenience and to meet their special interests。 Further more, a holiday villa within the farm can provide lodging and all kinds of entertainments。 8. 急求英语小作文一篇,200字左右,关于旅游的 last year ,I went to Beijing I love there The summer Places is to beautiful and we went to Wangfujing though there are lots of people in there and the things are too expensive ,most people buy things in bought a pair of beautiful shoes in love Beijing .This too beautiful！ 文章大意：去年，我去了北京，我喜欢那里。 颐和园的景色非常美，我们还去了王府井。虽然那里有很多人，而且东西都很贵，但是许多人还是在那里购物。 我在那里买了一双很漂亮的鞋子。 .我爱北京！那里很美。 9. 关于旅游的英文的毕业论文.知道的朋友告诉我一下,谢谢 二、旅游英语翻译的几种方法 解释是指增加的部分是对字' 词' 句的字面意思的解释% 如花港观鱼） Hua Gang Guan Yu"Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor* "孤山） Gushan"Solitary Hill* "紫来洞） Zilai Cave"Purple Source Cave* %# 西安古称长安$可译成# Xi'an was called Chang'an"or+everlasting peace,in ancient times$"& 天安门$可译成& Tian'anman"the Gate of Heavenly Peace$"这样的译法将名称与其含义联系起来"便于外国游客记忆"加深他们的印象"增加他们的游兴%又如"& 端午节那天"人们都要吃棕子$可以译为& During the Dragon Boat Festival, or the Duanwu Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a mon practice to eat zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with reed leaves$%& 大乘寺坐北朝南"院墙按八卦建造$ 可以译为& The Great Vehicle Temple faces south with its walls shaped after the Eight Diagrams) binations of three whole or broken lines formerly used in divination* $% 八卦是我国古代的一套符号"用于占卜% 一般的中国人都不知道八卦"何况外国游客% 所以此处务必加以解释%在旅游英语翻译中采用类比的手法常常有喜人的效果% 如把杭州历史人物西施比作Chinese Cleopatra"将民间人物月下老人译作Chinese Cupid% 浙江兰溪一个济公纪念馆介绍济公事迹的英译文"也是采用类比的方法%中文为& 济公劫富济贫"深受穷苦人民爱戴$"其英译为& Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor, he was loved by the poor people$"由于采用了& 以此比彼$的手法拉近了外国游客与中国文化的距离！使他们产生亲近感！激发他们的游兴"增加与解释不同！是指为了更好地理解某字#词#句而添加的相关知识和背景资料" 中国悠久历史中有许多著名事件！英雄人物！典故传奇等" 旅游资料中经常提到的许多风景名胜往往与他们有关！不增加说明！一般外国游客就无法理解" 如！$ 绍兴是越瓷的产地%的英译文是$ Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelains. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in ancient China%" 在此！译文增加了一个句子来解释$ 越%这个专有名称" 又如！$ 林边有一洞！叫白龙洞" 传说& 白蛇传' 的白娘子曾在此修炼%的英文翻译为$ Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of the Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine%"这句如果没有添加！外国游客虽然也能看懂！但会产生怀疑！白蛇娘娘在这么小的洞里怎样来修炼呢（ 有了这些添加之后！他们方能正确地理解原文！原来修炼一事纯属传说"有时候！在翻译旅游资料中！删减是十分必要的" 因为大多数外国游客阅读这些资料都是为了了解中国的风土人情！增加一些旅游兴趣" 中国人在写事状物时喜欢引经据典！摘录名人名言或古诗加以验证" 中国读者读了会加深印象！从中得到艺术享受与美感！而在外国旅游者看来似乎是画蛇添足"如介绍青岛的旅游资料中有这么一段文字"$） 烟水苍茫月色迷！渔舟晚泊栈桥西" 乘凉每至黄昏后！人依栏杆水拍堤" *这是古人赞美青岛海滨的诗句" 青岛是一座风光秀丽的海滨城市！夏无酷暑！冬无严寒" 西起胶州湾入海处的团岛！东至崂山风景区的下清宫！绵延80 多华里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷" %其译文为$ Qingdaoisa charmingcoastal city,whosebeautyoftenappears inpoetry. It isnothot insummeror cold inwinter. The 40- km- longscenic line begins fromTuan Island at thewest end toXiaqingTemple ofMount Xaoat the east end%" 译者将古诗全部删除！但不影响译文读者对原文中其他部分的理解！而译文中第一句正是对前面古诗简洁的概括" 再看一段描写桂林地区景区之一兴坪的文字"$ 这些山峰！连同山上绿竹翠柳！岸边的村民农舍！时而化入水中！时而化入天际！真是） 果然佳胜在兴坪*" %其译文为$ These hills and the green bamboo and willows and farmhouse *** erge with their reflections in the river and lead visitors to a dreamy world%" 这段文字最后一句诗句英语译为$ and lead visitors toa dreamyworld%！虽没有正面译出兴坪的美景！它对名游译文却将读者引入梦幻般的奇境！反而烘托出兴坪吸引游客的特点" 再譬如！$ 观光层高达263 米！是岛瞰全市景色的最佳处所！当风和日丽时！举目远望！佘山金山！崇明岛隐隐可见！真有） 登泰山而小天下*之感%" 其译文为$ The observation deck, 263meters high, is the best place toget a bird's- eye- view of the city. On a sunny day, the deck mands an indistinct view of Mount Sheshan, Mount Jishan and the Chongming Island far, far away. Standingon the deck, one gets the feelingthat theworld is belittled%" 以上的这段译文中删除了引自& 论语'中的一句话！$ 登泰山而小天下%" 原文中引用此语无非是形容电视塔之高！如果要将$ 泰山%译出必然要加注！否则外国游客很难将它与电视塔。
旅游英语毕业论文
我整理了旅游英语的毕业论文，一起来学习一下吧！
The Great Wall
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.
Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces--Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 . during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century . when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 ., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is meters high and meters wide at its base, narrowing to meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.
A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night. Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)
Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 ), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.
Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
Notes:
1. the Taj Mahal in India 印度的泰姬陵
2. the Hanging Garden of Babylon 巴比伦的空中花园
3. Sanskrit 梵语
4. Uigur 维吾尔语
10月まで1ヶ月半の余裕がありますので、今から资料を整理して书けば间に合うと思います。テーマは何ですか？具体的な要求を教えていただけないでしょうか？卒论に応援いたしますので、何かあったら、気軽にQQ931979246に连络お愿いします。
日语专业本科大学生毕业论文书写格式要求
毕业论文的论文书写格式是如何的呢?下文是我收集的日语专业本科大学生毕业论文的书写格式要求，欢迎大家阅读!
一. 论文的组成
1. 论文封面指学院下发的硬封面，装订论文时向相关老师领取。
2. 学位论文作者声明(优秀毕业论文作此声明)为中文，见附件一。
3. 开题报告，例文见附件二。用日语书写(一份表格，请查看附件三;一份文字开题报告)。
开题报告(全篇除了参看文献中的中文参考书目用宋体外，其余全用MS Mincho字体)：
标题(论文作成开始报告书)，三号字，加粗，居中。
空一行，左对齐，専攻、学生番号、氏名、指导教师及冒号用小四号字体，加粗，相应内容用小四号字体。
接下来空一行进入开题报告正文，必须包括以下几项：テーマとその由来、テーマを选んだ理由と研究意义、国内外研究现状、研究内容及び実行可能性分析、研究方法及び内容、スケジュール、参考文献。以上项目用MS Mincho字体、小四号字、加粗。相应内容用小四号、宋体。具体格式请参看附件二。
4. 任务书。见附件四。
5. 论文指导记录表，见附件四。由学生填写，论文指导教师签名(至少9次)。
6. 论文内封面：论文内封面统一用日文书写，最上面为襄樊学院校徽。包括论文题目(正标题 明朝MS Mincho，三号，居中，加粗，20字以内;有副标题的，置于第二行，明朝MS Mincho，小三号，居中，加粗);专业(専攻)、学号(学生番号)、姓名(氏名)、指导教师(指导教师)、论文定稿时间(统一为2010年5月，明朝MS Mincho，小四号，居中，加粗)。
7. 论文前五页包括第一页：署名;第二页：要旨(须在300字左右)、キーワード;第三页摘要(须在300字左右)、关键词;第四页：谢辞;第五页：目次。前五页页码用Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等标注在右下角。
①署名：用日文书写(标题：明朝MS Mincho，四号，加粗，居中。下一行，署名内容：明朝MS Mincho，小四，段首空一格)
②要旨、キーワード：
段首空一格，要旨和冒号(加粗)，五号字。紧接着为要旨内容，五号字。
下一行，段首空一格，キーワード和冒号，明朝MS Mincho，五号字。キーワード应在五个左右，キーワード与キーワード之间用分号隔开，最后一个キーワード后无标点。
③摘要、关键词：
段首空两格，摘要和冒号(加粗)，五号字。紧接着为摘要内容，五号字。
下一行，段首空一格，关键词和冒号(加粗)，五号字。紧接着为关键词，应在五个左右，关键词的词与词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后无标点。
④致谢用“谢辞”表示，致谢内容用日文书写(标题：明朝MS Mincho，四号，加粗，居中;下一行，谢辞内容：明朝MS Mincho，小四。段首空一格)
⑤目录：目录用日文还是中文应与论文正文主体保持一致。日文名称：目次。目次(明朝MS Mincho，四号，加粗，居中);空一行进入目录内容(明朝MS Mincho，小四)。中文名称：目录(宋体，四号，加粗，居中);空一行;目录内容(宋体，小四)。
目录(目次)中序号，一级序号为1、2、3、4等。二级序号为、、等，三级序号为、、等，依次类推。
8. 正文：(包括脚注和参考文献)用日文书写。
二. 正文书写
1. 字数：7000～10000字。
2. 使用语言：日语。
3. 正文开始部分：
论文标题，明朝(MS Mincho)字体，四号字加粗，居中。接下来为：専门、学生番号、氏名、指导教师，明朝(MS Mincho)字体，五号字加粗，左对齐，相应填写内容为明朝(MS Mincho)字体，五号字。
空一行，另起一段，段首空一格，要旨和冒号(MS Mincho字体，五号字，加粗)，要旨内容(日语，MS Mincho字体，五号字)。
另起一行，キーワード，冒号(MS Mincho字体，五号字，加粗)，キーワード内容(日文，MS Mincho字体，五号字)。キーワード之间用分号隔开，最后一个无标点。
空一行，另起一段，段首空两格，摘要和冒号(宋体，五号字，加粗)，摘要内容(宋体，五号字)。
另起一行，段首空两格，关键词和冒号(宋体，五号字，加粗)，关键词内容(宋体，五号字)，关键词之间用分号，最后一个无标点。
4. 另起一页进入绪论(はじめに)。
使用字体：
用明朝(MS Mincho)字体。各章一级标题用四号，加粗。各章小标题用小四号，加粗。正文内容用小四号。正文不得使用斜体和字体着色。
份数：定稿后打印两份交至指导老师处。
5. 用纸：毕业论文撰写须选用A4纸，并打印成文。
6. 页面设置：
⑴页面设置按默认格式 (上、下：; 左、右：)，左装订，三个钉。
⑵行距：倍行距。
7. 正文部分页眉需设定“襄樊学院外国语学院日语专业本科毕业论文”字样，小五号宋体，右对齐。非正文部分不需加页眉。
8. 页码：
正文页码在底端右侧，用阿拉伯数字表示，即：… 。
9. 图表：图表必须注名序号和名称,如 图1, 《2000至2005年日本进口贸易额增长明细》, 引用他人图标必须注明出处。
三. 正文各部分撰写要求
1. 绪论(はじめに)：是论文的开头部分，前言要写得简明扼要，篇幅不要太长。
2. 论文主体(本论)：是论文的主要部分，在本部分要运用各方面的信息资料和研究方法，分析问题，论证观点，尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。
3. 结论(おわり)：是毕业论文的收尾部分，是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文，加深题意。
4. 注释(注釈)：毕业论文中有个别名词或引用情况需要解释时，可加注说明，注释用页脚注(将注文放在加注页稿纸的下端，如下例所示)。若在同一页中有两个以上的注释时，按各注释出现的先后，按序排列，注释只限于写在注释符号出现的同页，不得隔页。
文中序号用右上标的①、②、③等。
注：(加粗，日文用MS Mincho，五号，左对齐，中文用宋体，五号，左对齐)
①「考える」の(知力を働かせる)という意味特徴は、长嶋(1979)の记述を受け継ぐものである。
②松木(1995)と砂川(1987)を参照。
③田中角栄：政治家、1947年代议士となり、72～74年首相・自民党総裁。中日国交正常化を実现。政策として打ち出した｢日本列岛改造论｣は狂言物価を招き、ロッキード事件で実刑判决を受ける。
④赵慧.从生态批评看浪漫主义文学中自然科技关系[J].聊城大学学报,2007,(2).
⑤袁宪军.华兹华斯的《水仙》与诗歌语言[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2006, (2).
⑥马玉凤.华兹华斯浪漫主义自然观解读[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),
(3).
⑦王颖.华兹华斯诗歌的现代阐述[J].重庆工学院学报(社会科技报),(8).
⑧刘启君.浪漫派诗歌——情的兴发，意的表达[J].双语学习，: 21-23.
5. 文献格式规范：
参考文献另起一页，用五号字，排序先日文后中文。具体要求请参看附件五。
四. 其他
1. 术语和标点符号要合乎日文的规范。
2. 如果文中夹杂中文, 字体使用宋体， 字号同前后文的日文。
3. 例句图标的序码要用阿拉伯数字，阿拉伯数字一律使用半角,序码采用当页单独排序的方式。比如第一页的脚注为①②③，第二页也要重新从①开始。
4. 正文中的注释序码为右上标的“①②③”，相关文中的序码使用①②③……
5. 标题体系
毕业论文的全部标题层次应有条不紊，整齐清晰，相同的层次应采用统一的表示体例，正文中各级标题下的内容应同各自的标题对应，不应有与标题无关的内容。章节编号方法应采用分级阿拉伯数安编号方法，第一级为“1”、“2”、“3”、等，第二级为“”、“”、“”等，第三级为“”、“”、“”等，但分级阿拉伯数字的.编号一般不超过四级，两级之间用下角圆点隔开，除第一级外，其余各级的末尾不加标点。各层标题均单独占行书写，第一级和第二级标题序数顶格书写，空一格接写标题，第三级和第四级标题均顶格书写序数和标题。第四级以下单独占行的标题须序采用.…和. …两层，标题均空一格书写序数和标题。正文中对总项包括的分项采用1)、2)、3)…的序号，对分项中的小项采用①、②、③…的序号，数字加半括号或括号后，不再加其他标点。
6. 如遇未规定的其他格式问题请和指导教师探讨商定，尽量保持页面整洁美观
学位论文一般应包括下述几部分：
论文首页格式：
其中学位论文题目用 黑体二号 字，其余用 宋体四号 字
论文题目应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，简明、恰当，一般不超过25个字。
中文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版)：
4论文第二页为500字左右的中文内容摘要，应说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
学位论文摘要是学位论文的缩影，尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和
新见解。论文摘要应尽量深入浅出，通俗易懂，少用公式字母，语言力求精炼、准确。
4 在本页的最下方另起一行，注明本文的关键词3╠5个。
英文摘要及其关键词(宋体5号字b5排版)：
论文第三页为英文摘要，内容与中文摘要和关键词相同。
学校名称：东北师范大学
院(系)名称：计算机系
本科生学号：
学 位 论 文 题 目
学 科、专 业： 计算机科学技术
本科生姓名： _____ _
指导教师姓名： _________
指导教师职称： ___________
你们让写多少字的？有选择真好。。。我当初是被强迫分的题目。其实你说得这几类都不难写，语言、文学、翻译类基本就是举例子，比如通过中日语言的对比来说明某个语法，或是多查询一下历史方面的书籍，通过特定时代的发展对同期的文学作品进行说明，还可以谈谈文学作品对社会的影响等等。图书馆会有很多书可以参考，应该不难。但是个人感觉很难写出新意，所以如果写得不是尽善尽美的话，很难拿到高分。商务类就比较麻烦了，比如关税壁垒，你就需要找很多的事例，从事例中来论述关税壁垒对两国经济造成的影响。所以我感觉如果你对语法等知识不是特别熟悉了解的话，还是选择商务类型的比较好，可以通过生动的实例来论述文章，也比较好凑字。我毕业时候写的是教育（被强迫分到的一个很恶心的题目），最后我写的是日语教育与互联网的联系，那些日本老教授老专家什么的哪懂英特网啊，所以就把他们忽悠住了，最后得了个不错的成绩。所以论文就是把老题目写出新东西来比较容易拿分。
方法有三种：1、好好想一想自己对什么领域或者范围最感兴趣，或者对某一方面有疑问或看法，接下来的时间集中精力搜集这方面的资料，并佐证自己的想法，或者就这一话题请教老师。写一篇自己满意的论文，算是对大学四年的总结。2、去网上搜集自己感兴趣方面的论文，拼凑一篇，此为下策。3、找别人代笔或者付钱买论文，此为下下策。
1. 旅游的小文章（英语） Last summer vacation,my family and I went to Qingdao by was always sunshine and fresh air,which made us so went to the seaside,the sea was as blue as the sky,and bathing in the sunshine on the beach, was really an enjoyable also picked up a lot of colorful shells with my little we bought many interesting souvenirs,I was planing to send them to my ate many tings there,such as fish,prawn,and so are very we lived in a clean and tidy hotel,and the price was not so like Qingdao very much,and if I got a chance,I hope to e here again,it is such a beautiful and interesting place. 上个暑假，我和我的家人坐火车去了青岛。那里总是阳光明媚，空气也很清新，令人心情舒畅。我们去了海边，海水和天空一样的蓝，在沙滩上沐浴着阳光，是件很享受的事儿。我和妹妹还捡了好多五颜六色的贝壳。我们在这里买了好多有趣的纪念品，我打算送给我的朋友们。我们在这里吃到了很多东西，比如鱼，虾..真的很美味。 我们住在一个干净整洁的旅馆里，而且价格不是很昂贵。 我很喜欢这里，如果有机会我还希望可以再次去青岛，这个美丽有趣的地方。2. 一篇关于旅游英语小短文 好像来晚了呀 不过还是给你参考参考 我自己写的 It was last National Holiday,I went to Shandong Province on my own with a travel really had a unforgotable holiday there. We took a ship there,the weather wasn't so great then,however,when we got to Yantai,it's we had a big was tired that day,and fell asleep fast. The following day,we did some sightseeing in next day,we went to Confucius's home,it was just huge and amazing which I could never with the home of Wang Xizhi,it was great. The third day was really tired for me,cuz we climbed Mount was a rainy day,I put on was really hard for me. My trip to Shandong wasn't bad,I really enjoyed it. 希望楼主满意阿。 3. 关于旅游的英文文章 An orientation tour that begins with a drive around the Civic District past the Padang, Cricket Club, historic Parliament House, Supreme Court and City Hall. Stop at the MERLION PARK for great views of Marina Bay and a picture-taking opportunity with The Merlion, a mythological creature that is part lion and part fish. Visit THIAN HOCK KENG TEMPLE, one of Singapore's oldest Buddhist-Taoist temples, before driving past Chinatown to watch craft *** en at work at a LOCAL HANDICRAFT CENTRE. Proceed to the NATIONAL ORCHID GARDEN, located within Singapore Botanic Gardens, which boasts a sprawling display of 60,000 orchid plants. Our final stop at LITTLE INDIA will entrance you with the scent of joss sticks, ja *** ine and spices。 4. 旅游的好处 英语议论文 旅游的好处（The Advantages of Travel） Whenever a college student is asked, "What are you going to do this summer vacation?" The most probable answer might be "I am going to have a travel. " It sounds that college students are fond of travelling. Why? Because travel has numerous advantages. First of all, travel can widen our knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practise a foreign language through travelling. Finally, travel is the best way of pastime. We can enjoy eating various food and seeing beautiful sceneries. In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time. 旅游的好处 不管你什么时候问一个大学生这样一个问题：“今年暑假你要做什么？”他很可能这样回答：“我要去旅游。”听起来大学生们是喜欢旅游的。为什么呢？ 因为旅游有许多好处。 首先，旅游可以扩大我们的地理知识以及扩大我们对不同地区不同国家的风俗、文化和生活方式方面的知识。其次，通过旅游我们可以交朋友、练外语。最后，旅游是消遣的最好方法，我们可以享受各种食品，观看美丽景色。 一句话，旅游的好处不止一个方面，花些时间是值得的。 5. 跪求旅游英语论文 随着旅游业的发展，在有些国家或地区旅游业甚至成为经济收入最大的支柱产业.旅游是经济、社会、文化等现象的综合反映，这一特性决定了旅游的发展必然给旅游地带来经济，环境，社会等一系列积极的影响。 发展旅游业，还能增长当地的就业机会，使更多的人有业可从，解决了社会中就业的一大难题，降低社会制安事件的发生频率.同时， 各地游客的进入， 增长了当地居民和外地人的接触和交往， 促进了相互间的文化交流， 扩大了视野， 提高了文化素养.发展国内旅游业还可以促进其他产业的发展.旅游业的发展能 *** 旅游者的消费，从而可以形成和扩大新的消费市场。 旅游对经济环境的有利影响是最为显著的，旅游业和其他产业相比，是一个投资少，见效快，无污染 的产业，同时，旅游业还能带动其他产业的发展，这就使旅游业对于该地区国民经济收入具有重大的意义. 旅游业对生态环境也有明显的有利影响.随着旅游业的日益发展，不断地开发旅游资源，其中有不少旅游资源原来就存在一些生态问题，，在旅游资源开发中，便可采取旅游生态建设和污染治理的措施，使开发出来的旅游资源比原来的生态环境质量更高，即旅游开发美化了生态环境.旅游业还能保持生态环境.旅游资源开发出来进入利用阶段，若能科学地管理，能使当地生态环境进入良性循环. 发展国内旅游业对于激发人民的爱国主义热情，增进人们的身体健康，提高生活质量具有较大的作用。 旅游者游览祖国锦绣山河和名胜古迹，对其开阔眼界，陶冶情操，扩大信息交流，增强身心健康都有积极的作用。尤其是在青少年中开展爱国主义教育，国内旅游发挥的作用更为明显。 再次，发展内旅游还可以促进思想观念的更新，从而提高人民的素质。国内旅游发展所形成的游客流是信息流、观念流的载体。 这些信息、观念、思维、生活方式的传播，可以起着打破当地封闭保守思想、引发思维观念更新的作用。强化人们之间的思想文化交流，更新思想观念，其意义比因发展旅游所获得的经济效益要深远得多。 国内旅游业无论对于社会主义物质文明还是精神文明建设都有十分重要的促进作用。因此，发展国内旅游业应当引起社会各界特别是旅游界的充分重视。 当然，有好处就会有坏处。在旅游食宿措施的建设过程中，水、电及其他能源供应的絮乱，费水、废气、垃圾的处理不及时等都可能对生态环境形成污染。 在经济利益的驱使下，不少旅游地超负荷接待游客，或乱建滥造旅游措施，而使得一些有珍贵历史文化价值的古迹或独特、协调的自然、人文景观遭受破坏 新手，没分，不好意思。 愿意的帮一下，谢谢 旅游区的旅游气氛环境是由当地的自然环境，以及反映当地历史、地方或民族气息的环境烘托出来的，这其中，当地的环境和文化以及历史起了很大的作用。游客在欣赏大自然美景中，也要注意遵守社会公德。 游客自身也是风景的组成部分，不文明的行为举止不仅会玷污美丽的风景，也会破坏他人游览时的心情。和谐是大家共同的心声，为了让人人都能尽其游兴，每一名游客都不能放纵自己，应多一份谦让，多一份风度，营造一个彼此友善、相互谦让的良好旅游氛围。 With the development of touri *** in some countries or regions or even bee a touri *** ine of the largest pillar industry. Touri *** is the economic, social and cultural phenomena, such as a prehensive reflection of this decision features of the development of touri *** is bound to bring touri *** to the economy , The environment, a series of positive social impact. The development of touri *** , but also increase local employment opportunities so that more people from the industry has to address the social employment in one of the major problems and reduce the social security system, the frequency of incidents. At the same time, all over the tourists to enter, an increase of Local residents and outside contacts and exchanges to promote mutual cultural exchanges and expand the vision to improve the culture. The development of domestic touri *** can promote the development of other industries. Development of the touri *** industry can stimulate the growth of tourist spending, Thus the formation of a new and expanding consumer market. Touri *** on the beneficial effects of the economic environment is the most significant, touri *** and other industries, the investment is a *** all, effective, non-polluting the industry, at the same time, touri *** can promote other industries Development, which makes the region for touri *** revenue of the national economy is of great significance. Eco-touri *** on the environment is a clear positive impact. With the increasing development of the touri *** industry, continuous development of touri *** resources, touri *** resources, many of which are original to the existence of a number of ecological problems in the development of touri *** resources, can take eco-touri *** And the 。 6. 以"旅游报告"为题写一篇英语作文 Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book. 旅行也是最好的学习方法之一。你可能看过或者听说过某些事物的报道，但只有当你亲眼看到这些事物时你才能获得准确的信息。眼见为实。此外，如果你是一个细心的观察者，在你的旅行过程中你会学到许多有关当地的地理、生物和历史方面的知识。不管你接受过多好的教育，通过旅行总是可以让你学到更多。你会发现在旅行中获得的知识在你的生活中并不比来自任何一本有影响力的参考书上的价值小。 7. 求一篇关于旅游的英文文章关于旅游的英文文章,最好中英对照的,中 Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm Located by the side of Guankouken inner road of No。 324 national highway in Jimei District, the Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm covers an area of 500 mu。 As the field is not very high, tourists can easily get into the orchard to look around。 All year around fruit trees are planted in the garden for picking and tasting by the tourists in any month。 There are lichee, longan, citrus fruits, carambola, persimmon, mango, strawberry, peaches, plums and more。 The farm is also equipped with a fishing pound, barbecue areas, camping areas, farming areas, refreshment rooms and a restaurant for customers' convenience and to meet their special interests。 Further more, a holiday villa within the farm can provide lodging and all kinds of entertainments。 8. 急求英语小作文一篇,200字左右,关于旅游的 last year ,I went to Beijing I love there The summer Places is to beautiful and we went to Wangfujing though there are lots of people in there and the things are too expensive ,most people buy things in bought a pair of beautiful shoes in love Beijing .This too beautiful！ 文章大意：去年，我去了北京，我喜欢那里。 颐和园的景色非常美，我们还去了王府井。虽然那里有很多人，而且东西都很贵，但是许多人还是在那里购物。 我在那里买了一双很漂亮的鞋子。 .我爱北京！那里很美。 9. 关于旅游的英文的毕业论文.知道的朋友告诉我一下,谢谢 二、旅游英语翻译的几种方法 解释是指增加的部分是对字' 词' 句的字面意思的解释% 如花港观鱼） Hua Gang Guan Yu"Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor* "孤山） Gushan"Solitary Hill* "紫来洞） Zilai Cave"Purple Source Cave* %# 西安古称长安$可译成# Xi'an was called Chang'an"or+everlasting peace,in ancient times$"& 天安门$可译成& Tian'anman"the Gate of Heavenly Peace$"这样的译法将名称与其含义联系起来"便于外国游客记忆"加深他们的印象"增加他们的游兴%又如"& 端午节那天"人们都要吃棕子$可以译为& During the Dragon Boat Festival, or the Duanwu Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a mon practice to eat zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with reed leaves$%& 大乘寺坐北朝南"院墙按八卦建造$ 可以译为& The Great Vehicle Temple faces south with its walls shaped after the Eight Diagrams) binations of three whole or broken lines formerly used in divination* $% 八卦是我国古代的一套符号"用于占卜% 一般的中国人都不知道八卦"何况外国游客% 所以此处务必加以解释%在旅游英语翻译中采用类比的手法常常有喜人的效果% 如把杭州历史人物西施比作Chinese Cleopatra"将民间人物月下老人译作Chinese Cupid% 浙江兰溪一个济公纪念馆介绍济公事迹的英译文"也是采用类比的方法%中文为& 济公劫富济贫"深受穷苦人民爱戴$"其英译为& Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor, he was loved by the poor people$"由于采用了& 以此比彼$的手法拉近了外国游客与中国文化的距离！使他们产生亲近感！激发他们的游兴"增加与解释不同！是指为了更好地理解某字#词#句而添加的相关知识和背景资料" 中国悠久历史中有许多著名事件！英雄人物！典故传奇等" 旅游资料中经常提到的许多风景名胜往往与他们有关！不增加说明！一般外国游客就无法理解" 如！$ 绍兴是越瓷的产地%的英译文是$ Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelains. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in ancient China%" 在此！译文增加了一个句子来解释$ 越%这个专有名称" 又如！$ 林边有一洞！叫白龙洞" 传说& 白蛇传' 的白娘子曾在此修炼%的英文翻译为$ Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of the Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine%"这句如果没有添加！外国游客虽然也能看懂！但会产生怀疑！白蛇娘娘在这么小的洞里怎样来修炼呢（ 有了这些添加之后！他们方能正确地理解原文！原来修炼一事纯属传说"有时候！在翻译旅游资料中！删减是十分必要的" 因为大多数外国游客阅读这些资料都是为了了解中国的风土人情！增加一些旅游兴趣" 中国人在写事状物时喜欢引经据典！摘录名人名言或古诗加以验证" 中国读者读了会加深印象！从中得到艺术享受与美感！而在外国旅游者看来似乎是画蛇添足"如介绍青岛的旅游资料中有这么一段文字"$） 烟水苍茫月色迷！渔舟晚泊栈桥西" 乘凉每至黄昏后！人依栏杆水拍堤" *这是古人赞美青岛海滨的诗句" 青岛是一座风光秀丽的海滨城市！夏无酷暑！冬无严寒" 西起胶州湾入海处的团岛！东至崂山风景区的下清宫！绵延80 多华里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷" %其译文为$ Qingdaoisa charmingcoastal city,whosebeautyoftenappears inpoetry. It isnothot insummeror cold inwinter. The 40- km- longscenic line begins fromTuan Island at thewest end toXiaqingTemple ofMount Xaoat the east end%" 译者将古诗全部删除！但不影响译文读者对原文中其他部分的理解！而译文中第一句正是对前面古诗简洁的概括" 再看一段描写桂林地区景区之一兴坪的文字"$ 这些山峰！连同山上绿竹翠柳！岸边的村民农舍！时而化入水中！时而化入天际！真是） 果然佳胜在兴坪*" %其译文为$ These hills and the green bamboo and willows and farmhouse *** erge with their reflections in the river and lead visitors to a dreamy world%" 这段文字最后一句诗句英语译为$ and lead visitors toa dreamyworld%！虽没有正面译出兴坪的美景！它对名游译文却将读者引入梦幻般的奇境！反而烘托出兴坪吸引游客的特点" 再譬如！$ 观光层高达263 米！是岛瞰全市景色的最佳处所！当风和日丽时！举目远望！佘山金山！崇明岛隐隐可见！真有） 登泰山而小天下*之感%" 其译文为$ The observation deck, 263meters high, is the best place toget a bird's- eye- view of the city. On a sunny day, the deck mands an indistinct view of Mount Sheshan, Mount Jishan and the Chongming Island far, far away. Standingon the deck, one gets the feelingthat theworld is belittled%" 以上的这段译文中删除了引自& 论语'中的一句话！$ 登泰山而小天下%" 原文中引用此语无非是形容电视塔之高！如果要将$ 泰山%译出必然要加注！否则外国游客很难将它与电视塔。
Where we live is the earth, with the universe inside like this without the earth The same planet. Because the universe is too much! In the immense universe, have Milky Way Department, now we already know about the Milky Way's knowledge, but the secret of the universe for We are still a mystery! The Milky Way inside a dozen planet, we live Ball, fiery red sun, by the beautiful aura around Saturn, frosty of Pluto, Mars, mercury, Uranus, etc. The moon is a minimal planet from our earth, he only has millions of kilometers Far, however, we have already been to the moon of world history. At that time, America's o mother Tear especially lang driving "Apollo" spacecraft landed on the moon, the moon has no empty Gas, so, astronauts had to back heavy tank. On the moon, raise a cake Boulders, drifting strength, because the moon's gravity are smaller than earth, in the moon Weight is just one of six points on earth, how, is a very light? An eclipse of the moon, I Believe you met right, that's because sunlight not according to the moon, the earth just blocked The light of the sun, since such, can appear an eclipse of the moon. The sun is in the galaxy's largest planet! Its surface temperature is 6000 degrees Celsius, Center temperature is about surface temperature 3,000 times! Is almost 1500000 degrees Celsius, Such temperature, in the universe is a miracle! Is anything touched it, too Into a gas, ah! The temperature is remarkable. We [terms] : if steps Line, go to the sun, almost to go by plane, is more than 3500 years [jet Type], also want to fly over twenty years! We see the sun on the earth, only small, because of For the sun too far from earth, so, just have so big! Larger than the sun star and many! The sun is a star. The two stars also A big enough! Participation is the sun's lodge 2 planet more than 200 times! And four star is the sun and accommodation More than 500 times, is an alarming number of ah! The big non-polar! The universe is a treasure-house, hiding inside many knowledge General! He was waiting for us grow up to dig inside the "treasure", I grow up to be An astronomer, to explore the mysteries of the universe!
Higher Tourism English professional English teaching model to explore scenarios[Abstract] the primary characteristics of vocational education to write papers on behalf of students is to cultivate the ability to integrate theory with practice, this paper discusses the characteristics of tourism in English and discusses the use of more on the way to - scenes approach, noting that such Method The advantages and problems, and Tourism English Teaching Problems also included in the scope of discussion.[Key words] Vocational Education Tourism English teaching methods and problem scenariosFirst, several characteristics of Tourism English1. Practical strong. We often talk about the theory and practice should be a combination of (theory must be integrated with practice), the theory of learning is to better guide the practice, guides the work of one of the characteristics is to practice. Guides, known as civil ambassadors and image ambassador, who in the international exchanges of the role is particularly important, even if they have a solid theoretical knowledge, but it can not be used for practical work, this is not a qualified tour . Specialized. There is no doubt that in the tourism teaching English inevitably involves travel to the deep expertise. The six basic elements of tourism, food, shelter, transportation, travel purchase, entertainment and tourism resources, tourism planning, hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions such as the various departments of knowledge, requires students to master these basic professional basic knowledge. If the creation of the relevant professional courses on tourism professionals to learn and understand English will be of great . Comprehensive and strong. Involved in the tourism industry knowledge is very complex, politics, history, literature, art, architecture, religion, gardening, such as multi-disciplinary knowledge, I have seen a few of the basic teaching materials are in accordance with the six elements of tourism know-how into the above into which constitute a , tourism scene in English TeachingAs the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, then how to train students interested in teaching has become one important aspect. Above have already said that guides the work of highly practical, but also in certain scenes occurred, such as tours at the airport shuttle, how welcoming and farewell speech, to move into the hotel, along the guided tours, attractions and so on , the author based on different scenarios into the training purposes of which have achieved good results, the following I would like to give one example, Unit 11 WaterTour: Lijiang . BACKGROUND introduced (backgroundinformation)This is paving the way each unit of knowledge and information to add, so that students of the natural resources of water have a total understanding, it can generally be divided into several categories: rivers, lakes, sea, hot springs, waterfalls, each category is a list of the most distinctive examples, such as: the Yangtze River, the West Lake, Jinan's Baotu Spring, Guizhou Huangguoshu waterfall, and then broken down into each, such as: What are the sites of West Lake, and the English translation shown to students, the I have followed each of the modules in this order, descending from a whole to partial, and the use of courseware ppt documents, first introduced after the display picture. Here I want to say is, the traditional template significantly those of very old, very old-fashioned style, teachers can browse the Web in the process of peace will be their favorite picture or interesting for tourism save the picture of English language teaching, and their ppt documents into standby, the best choice of picture and each unit can be relevant to the subject, of course, need to spend a lot of work, but good value for money, students in the learning process can inspire their . Courseware on specific (detailed explanation)The theme of this module is to introduce the world famous Lijiang River in Guilin landscape, the article is mainly to readers as a tourist, took us to visit the scenic甲天下, Castle Peak, Xiushui, Qishi, reflection ..., the article is more inclined to the narrative is a Field guides word. In order to allow students to Lijiang's landscape there is a general understanding, I will introduce into the relevant spots in which, such as the Reed Flute Cave, Cheung Pei Shan, Qixingyan and so on, to the students a whole . Scenarios interpretation (situational presentation)This is the most difficult step in the process of belonging to the output. At the end of each unit after the lecture, I will place the students of this unit have learned the content of drilling can be carried out group work, to enable students through role-playing (role play), so that students feel like, and give full play to their own imagination, and promote active learning students enthusiasm. Another method is to knowledge in their own language to organize themselves, and then they speak out, each class 10 minutes before I do, so can study the effect of book knowledge. However, in the course of the author, Professor, students or the existence of certain problems will arise, if students are too rigidly adhere to teaching materials, as well as the students are short of certain cross-cultural communication of knowledge, in exchange they would often make the phenomenon of culture shock. Such as in teaching to join the cross-cultural communication on the knowledge, you can play with the foreign exchange the role of lubricants to avoid conflict, do not be embarrassed to enable the two , the main problems1. Materials relatively singleMost of the tourism professional teaching English only for the province or a region, there is no nationwide introduction of the overall attraction, and the same theme, introducing a time when almost all of the same language, the lack of reference materials; part of teaching materials to more Tourism deep expertise in the overall translated into English, which is no tourism expertise to pave the way for English learners is difficult to understand, but such a career as higher vocational institutions, such as pure things significantly less useful, specific spots should be introduced to include a good word to focus on a good sentence, such as better able to recite in order to achieve the purpose of training. In addition, if the publication of these films all over the scenery of the English version of CD-ROM, coupled with on-site tour guides, students can imitate, or if there is mute function to allow students to come under the shooting scene with their own explanations, so the skills the requirements and further improved, for those who have a higher base and capacity of . The lack of professional teaching English for TourismAt present, the majority of teachers are tourism management professional or graduate English majors, specialized school English teachers very little tourism, so it is very difficult to teach the process of grasping the curriculum focus, or not grasped, may be the beginning of the semester or students, and gradually becomes a monologue students became teachers, Ap Lei like to listen to teaching. I think the teachers can take part in some training activities, continue to accumulate experience, check the length of others make up for our own short, At the same time, teachers can also go to the first line of services for others to experience the pleasure brought about by, to better promote classroom . The lack of school internship training baseAt present most of the opening of Tourism English professional school, the teaching and practice are basically out of touch. First of all, to impart theoretical knowledge, and then make use of other practical semester. If we can combine theory and practice so that you can receive good results. However, due to practical needs some practice material support, so most students will need on their own to sum up in practice, so that delayed a lot of valuable time.
最佳答案I went to Hainan on vacation Summer comes , and the weather has become irritating. My big sister suggested going to Hainan for a good relax. I thought about it for a while and agreed. Hainan is really a good place, where palm trees are abundant. We went to a park where we enjoyed cool palm drinks. We also went to visit the monkey island. The monkeys were really cute to look at. 夏日来临,天气变得惹人心烦. 我大姐建议去海南好好放松放松. 我想了一会,同意了.海南真是个好地方,棕榈树无处不在. 我们去了一个公园,在那里我们享受到了冰凉的椰子汁.我们还参观了猴岛.猴子们看起来真可爱. After we came back from the travel, we found that our bodies have become stronger and healthier than before. My sister told me that she planned to travel again next year.我们从旅途返回后,我们发现身体比以前更结实了,健康了.我的姐姐告诉我她明年还打算旅游一次. We really enjoyed this trip. We were very happy! 我们真的很享受这次旅途.我们好开心!
论旅游从业人员队伍的建设 关键词：从业人员素质 旅游业发展 人才培养 摘要：在旅游飞速发展的今天，旅游行业中从业人员素质偏低问题不容忽视，它不仅阻碍国内旅游业发展，也是我国旅游业国际竞争力不强的关键 正文：目前随着旅游业的飞快发展，国际，国内游客的需求发生了变化，而且旅游业已成为我国国民经济新的增长点，旅游业的经营体制发生了很大变化。旅游管理，政策，法规也日趋完善。 在旅游行业中从业人员素质偏低问题不容忽视，在他们的大多数人中，知识结构不够完善，专业水平比较低，讲解技巧不够娴熟，而且文化程度在高中。大专以上的居多，进而他们的素质普遍偏低，所以要尽快加强从业人员队伍素质的建设已变为刻不容缓的事实，发展旅游业为全行业带动创造良好的旅游环境，需要一大批高素质人才。 旅游业的发展需要人才的推广，提高从业人员素质也有旅游业的经济效益，吸引一批回头客，全面扩达旅游业的发展，更能激发潜在的旅游消费者，搞活时常经济，从而使相关产业也可以得到进一步的发展，推动社会的进步，使旅游成为第三产业中潜力最大的产业，在当今这个飞速发展的时代，旅游已逐渐成为当今时代的主题，在她需要较高的政治觉悟和良好的职业道德，较好的文化修养，掌握必要的服务常识和服务技能，较强的识别能力和活动能力，良好的心理素质和健康的体魄，在心理素质上，一方面要经得起客人的赞扬而不自我陶醉；另一方面要随时准备承受某些误解怨言、委屈、甚至打击，从业人员要做到在各种环境中能保持一种持续的，积极的良好的心理状态，做到处处为客人着想，除其具备一些专业服务知识和服务能力，从业人员还应有多种兴趣爱好等多方面特长，使其与客人之间有更多的共同话题，更容易沟通情感，只有这样工作才会做得更好，令个人更满意，此外，从业人员平时要学习掌握一些处理意外事故的知识和技巧，一旦遇到意外事故，除及时汇报外，自己能做到冷静，衣积极的态度，客观分析情况、准确做到判断及时采取有效措施，使问题得到妥善解决。 旅游需要综合型、应用型、复合型人才，因而旅游社应建立从业人员培训中心，应侧重培养应用型人才，因为旅游学校培养的是管理型人才，这导致了操作层应用型人才的缺乏。 目前，旅游社的人才资源开发不够，应加强对从业人员的职业培训建立旅游培训的奖惩制度，提高公共旅游的意思，并建立旅游的人力资源数据库，为进一步提高从业人员素质，成立“旅游培训中心”将旅游从业人员纳入素质培训之列，应根据旅游市场的实际要求，开设导游基础知识，旅游餐饮服务，导游政策法律与法规，佛教知识及使用技巧等各种课堂，并通过调查摸底及时掌握当地旅游从业人员基本状况，然后采用课堂授课与实地授课方式。 随着旅游也日星月异的变化不仅要求导游人员要有上述三个方面的过硬本领，而且在观念上、角色上和所有的作用上都要有新的变化，从而对导游人员的素质提出了更高的要求。 高尚的思想品德 高尚的思想品德是社会主义社会对其成员的共同要求，也是导游人员应具备的基本素质之一。 1、具有爱国主义意识 爱国主义是社会主义精神文明建设的重要内容。导游人员工作在旅游业的窗口工作岗位，代表着国家或地区旅游业的形象，在行业精神文明建设中起着重要作用。导游人员在向游客提供导游服务时，要自觉维护国家的利益和民族的尊严。导游人员发扬爱国主义精神，首先表现在要热爱祖国的社会主义制度，在导游讲解中通过向游客介绍祖国社会主义建设所取得的辉煌成就，加深游客对中国社会主义制度的了解。其次表现在热爱祖国的悠久历史、灿烂的文化和壮丽的山河。在游览过程中。导游人员要满怀激情，通过生动的讲解，向游客介绍中国五千年的历史文化，并提醒游客在游览过程中爱护景区的一草一木。 2遵守社会公德和旅游职业道德
论我国旅行社经营体系调整的目标模式 1978年以来，我国旅游业得到了迅速的发展，作为旅游业重要组成部分的旅行社也从发展初期的寡占行业发展成为现在的垄断竞争行业，行业规模已经基本形成。然而，正如许多学者和业内人士所注意的那样，与我国旅行社市场结构变迁过程相伴而生的是我国旅行社业的发展渐入困境，现行旅行社经营体系暴露出越来越多的问题。与此同时，《服务贸易总协定(GATS)》的最终达成和我国政府对加入包括《服务贸易总协定》在内的世界贸易组织的坚定态度，决定了我国旅行社业终将直接面对由外国旅行社的进入而对我国旅行社的发展所形成的挑战。本文试图通过对我国旅行社行业特征和现行经营体系的系统分析，提出我国旅行社经营体系调整的目标模式，以使我国的旅行社行业未雨绸缪，更为有效地迎接挑战和参与国际竞争。 一、我国旅行社业经营体系剖析 我国旅行社业经过十几年的发展，已形成一定的规模，并在行业法规、行业制度和市场机制的双重作用下形成了自身的特征：从我国旅行社业的类别结构[1]来看，三类社占压倒优势；从我国旅行社业的规模结构来看，小规模旅行社占绝对多数；从地理分布情况来看，我国旅行社在全国的分布基本合理；行业利润逐年下降，我国旅行社业正逐步成为一个低利润行业。 我国旅行社业现行经营体系是行业政策法规、传统经济体制和现行市场机制综合作用的结果，尽管这一体系在某种程度上具有其存在的合理性，但就我国旅行社业发展的实践和趋势而言，其最大弊端是造成下述一系列问题的存在和不断恶化： (1)大型旅行社没有实现规模经济，其规模优势得不到发挥。 大型旅行社在经营中具有旅游产品开发、旅游服务采购、旅游市场拓展、旅游接待以及资金、信息、人才和抵御风险等多方面的优势，因此易于实现规模效益，而在我国旅行社行业中，大旅行社的规模效益并不明显，优势也远未得到充分发挥，这主要表现在以下几个方面：①我国旅游业近几年一直保持着较好的发展势头，市场持续扩大，旅游收入尤其是国际旅游收入增长很快。而在此情况下，一些大型旅行社的业务发展缓慢，在竞争中面对众多新的商业机会，自身却处于保市场或无奈于市场份额下滑的困境之中。②大旅行社未能在旅游市场中发挥应有的作用，即未能平抑市场的过度竞争，未能起到引导和稳定市场的作用，致使市场的混乱无序成为困扰我国旅行社业发展和造成旅行社资源浪费的顽症，大社自身也未能避免这种市场混乱所带来的负面效应。③在旅行社的内部管理方面，一个突出现象是一些大社内部普遍实行部门承包或变相部门承包，强化部门权益，使得部分大型旅行社实际上成为一些业务上相对独立的小旅行社的集合体，在这种格局下，大旅行社当然发挥不了应有的优势，难以形成规模经济。 (2)中小旅行社缺乏明确的市场定位，发展可谓举步艰难。 就目前我国中小旅行社的总体情况而言，其特点集中表现为有限的接待数量和低下的利润水平。在接待数量方面，近年来我国许多小旅行社处于发展无望而又能勉强支撑的境地。自1995年1月国家旅游局在旅行社行业实施旅行社质量保证金制度以来，很多小型旅行社不堪重负，纷纷退出行业。这种现象一方面反映了众多小型旅行社的经济实力和经营状况，另一方面也从一定程度上反映出业主对行业和自身未来发展的理性预期。在利润率方面，我国以经营国内旅游业务为主的众多中小旅行社多为二类社和三类社。根据国家旅游局提供的资料，1994年这两种类型旅行社的平均利润率不足8%，1995年约为，而为数众多的三类旅行社1995年的平均利润率更是下降到。这些资料反映的还只是税前利润，如果再扣除所得税，则这些旅行社所剩净利润更是微乎其微了。 有限的接待量和低利润率现象的并存充分说明了当前中小旅行社经营的艰难局面。造成这种结果的原因当然是多方面的，而从旅行社自身因素来看，绝大多数中小旅行社人、财、物力有限，而其经营活动却涉及从产品设计开发到旅游接待的各个环节。这种经营的多环节必然造成每一经营深度的不足。浅层次的产品开发直接影响其对旅游者的吸引力；促销的乏力使得很多国内游客对旅行社的服务缺乏了解，对利用旅行社能获得的价格实惠及其它便利半信半疑，最终使得国内旅游者对旅行社的利用率偏低，市场范围狭小；接待的不周更是造成或强化了社会公众对旅行社的不良印象，减少了回头客和其它顾客来源。旅行社在这种恶性循环中求生存，必然举步艰难。 (3)旅行社业恶性价格竞争盛行，市场秩序混乱。 国家旅游主管部门1985年对旅行社类别的划分和对旅行社业务范围的规定，其初衷或许在于通过这种形式的分工来起到规范市场和保证产品质量的作用，而在我国旅行社业后来的发展过程中，由于一、二类社比例失调造成二类社业务量明显不足，致使许多二类社为谋求生存而违反国家规定超范围经营，直接在海外招揽客源。在此期间，国家主管部门在执法方面的乏力，使得这种现象迅速蔓延，而部分一类社贪图蝇头小利，通过为二类旅行社代办签证通知赚取不义之财的做法无疑对此起到了推波助澜的作用，最终致使许多三类社也开始从事外联和国际旅游接待业务。除此之外，这种现象的出现和普及无疑也包含着旅行社实业界对我国以水平分工为基础、以各种特许经营权为特征的旅行社人为市场分工模式的否定。1996年10月国务院颁布了《旅行社管理条例》，对我国旅行社管理制度进行了一系列重大的调整，但单就对旅行社类别进行的调整而言，我们在某种程度上或许可以说这只是一种“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”的做法，即只是取消了曾经对我国旅行社市场秩序干扰最大的二类社，然后根据剩余两类旅行社的业务分工情况更名为国际旅行社和国内旅行社，水平分工的基础和特许经营权的特征并未改变，其未来的运转结果很可能会重蹈历史覆辙。如此看来，人为的市场分工模式未被也难被业者所接受，行业中某种有效的自然分工体系又难以形成，加之为数不多的几个行业组织极其有限的约束力及其在管理权威方面所遇到的各种问题，出现当前这种市场混乱的现象自然也是难免的。 旅行社市场混乱的一个突出表现是以削价竞争为主的旅行社之间的恶性价格竞争。削价竞争是行业市场机制不成熟、同时行业内缺乏有效的规范准则的集中反映，它使参与者大伤元气，非参与者经营更加困难。竞争的结果不会刺激产品质量的改进，而是导致质量被忽视，无意保证质量或无力保证质量，使旅行社卷入另一种形式的恶性循环。 除以上几个问题与我国当前旅行社的经营体系直接相关之外，行业内许多其它问题的存在也与目前的经营体系有很大的联系。如旅行社产品的重复雷同，旅行社促销能力尤其是海外促销能力薄弱和旅行社总体接待能力低下等。其中，旅行社产品的重复雷同是我国旅行社业长期存在的突出问题。旅行社产品由于缺乏诸如商标权、专利权这样的进入限制[2]，又无太多技术障碍可供保留和垄断，使得一些有开发能力的旅行社一旦开发出某种能够迎合市场需求的新产品，众多中小旅行社便一哄而上，竞相模仿或参与经营，这在很大程度上削弱了有实力的旅行社向深度开发和促销产品的积极性，而一些既缺乏必要的硬件设备，又不具备藉以保证接待质量的“软件”基础的中小型旅行社的存在必然会降低旅行社的总体接待力量。 二、我国旅行社经营体系调整的目标模式 如前所述，我国现行的旅行社经营体系造成了众多难解的问题，而通过前面的分析我们也已经得知，目前我国旅行社业的行业特点是以三类社为主体的小规模旅行社占绝对多数，但我们并没有否定少数大规模旅行社的存在。事实上，正是为数有限的大规模旅行社在一定程度上带动了行业平均利润水平的上升，但它们却不能改变行业利润率逐年下降和我国旅行社业正逐渐成为一个低利润行业的事实。此外，我国旅行社行业的另一突出特点是其基本合理的地理分布特点。有鉴于此，我们认为我国旅行社经营体系调整势在必行，考虑到行业当前的现实，同时考虑到加入世界贸易组织后我国旅行社业将要面临的国际竞争态势，我们认为我国旅行社经营体系调整的方向是通过对现有旅行社的改造、分化、组合以及增设等方式实现大型旅行社集团化、中型旅行社专业化和小型旅行社通过代理制形成网络化的目标模式。
旅游专业人才供需矛盾问题长期存在，完善旅游管理专业实践教学是解决人才供需矛盾，培养高素质旅游专业人才的重要途径。下面是我为大家整理的旅游专业毕业论文，供大家参考。
摘要：通过文献分析及访谈的方法，提出地方高校旅游管理专业学生的专业认同测量模型由七个维度构成。对该模型进行了因子分析分析，结果表明旅游管理专业学生的专业认同测量模型包括情况专业前景、专业归属与发展、专业教学3个维度，最后提出地方高校应从提高教学水平，强化教师队伍建设;寻求教学方法的改革创新;开展专业各项活动，形成良好的学习氛围和归属感等方面提高旅游管理专业学生专业认同。
关键词：旅游管理;专业认同;福建省
随着我国旅游业的发展，越来越多的地方本科院校也开设旅游管理专业，毕业生人数也逐年增多。然而，就业形势缺不容乐观。造成这一矛盾的原因应该是多方面，但从现实情况而言，可能更多的是学生对本专业的认同度低造成的，认同度低，就缺乏学习的兴趣，即使毕业了，也不会愿意从事本专业的工作。为此，以专业认同为视角，对地方高校旅游管理专业的学生进行了调查，了解目前旅游管理专业学生对本专业的认同评价情况，为营造有利于专业认同的生成环境、提高专业认同水平提供参考。
1研究假设
“专业认同”是由埃里克森首次提出的，是自我认同和自我发展的重要内容。白凯等人认为学科认同由专业学习、专业前景、专业意识、职业发展、专业投机、社会偏见、专业归属等7个维度构成[1]。邱宏亮等人认为导游专业认同包括专业教学、专业前景、专业意识、专业归属和职业发展等5个维度[2]。再结合现实的情况，将旅游管理专业学生的专业认同测量模型划分教学、专业前景、专业意识、专业归属、专业发展、专业投机、职业偏见等7个维度。在此基础上，提出研究假设：地方高校旅游管理专业学生专业认同测量模型具有多维性，包含专业教学、专业前景、专业意识、专业归属、专业发展、专业投机和职业偏见。
2研究设计
为了解旅游管理专业学生的专业认同现状，笔者对福建省部分新建本科院校旅游管理专业的学生进行了问卷调查，依据上述假设的七个维度，设计23道问题，对学生的专业认同情况进行调查。采用李克特量表，分为五个等级，分值分别为1～5分，分数越高者，代表其对专业的认同度越高，反之则越低[5]。本次调查一共发放了350份问卷，最终回收的有效问卷为326份，有效率达到93%，符合要求。其中，男生72名，占22%;女生278名，占78%。从性别看，男女生数量差距较大，原因在于旅游管理专业的生源中，女生要比男生多。
3旅游管理专业学生专业认同因子分析
在进行因子分析前，先要进行题项的纯化。题项纯化标准是：(1)题项与总体的相关系数值小于且删除题项后内部一致性α系数反而变大者删除;(2)旋转后因子载荷值小于或者同时在两个因子上的载荷值都大于者删除[2]。根据上述标准，使用进行题项纯化，23个选项最后删除了10项，剩下13个题项进行因子分析。结果表明，13个题项的KMO检验统计量的值为，巴特利特球形检验的值为，Sig值为，符合探索性因子分析的要求。采用进行因子分析，由方差解释贡献率来看，前3个因子累计解释了的信息，符合要求，说明可以提取3个公因子。从因子分析的结果看，第一个公因子“专业前景”;第二个公因子“专业归属与发展”;第三个公因子“专业教学”。
4结论与建议
结论
通过上述因子分析，验证了文章开头的假设，即地方高校旅游管理专业学生专业认同测量模型具有多维性，只是从实际分析结果看，多维性只包括专业前景、专业归属与发展和专业教学3个维度，其中专业归属与发展包含了专业归属和专业发展的部分指标。
建议
(1)提高教学水平，强化教师队伍建设。教学工作是培养学生专业认同的重要途径。所以提高学生的专业认同首先应该从提高教学水平、加强教师的专业素养着手。地方高校可以有计划分派到国内外知名高校进行深造进修，完善、拓展其知识体系，提升其教育理论水平和科研能力;鉴于旅游管理专业强烈的实践性和地方高校培养目标的职业化，增强教师的实践技能显得尤为重要。
(2)寻求教学方法的改革创新。教学中，要打破过往的以教师纯理论知识教授为主的授课模式，尝试创建以培养学生应用、创业、创新能力的职业技能为目标的人才培养模式。解决问题的关键在于要将理论和实践教学相结合，结合地方高校特色，以案例教学和项目教学贯穿整个教学活动的始终，突出以学生为主体，教师讲授为辅。
(3)开展专业各项活动，形成良好的学习氛围和归属感。良好学习氛围的营造需要校方和专业教师的共同引导。一方面校方可以出台指导学生专业认同和职业素质培养的相关制度文件，比如对学生的社会调查给予资金支持，由专业教师分别带队就知名的旅游城市、旅游饭店、旅游集团等进行社会调查，形成书面报告进行交流学习，让学生提升专业认知度和把握行业最新动态;另一方面需要深化师生互动关系，让教师走下讲台，与学生多些交流互动，鼓励学生积极参与各项活动，鼓励学生创新，引导整个专业良好学习氛围的形成，从而促进学生专业归属感的提升。
参考文献：
[1]官春兰等.特殊教育专业本科生专业认同现状的调查研究-以两所部属全国重点师范大学为例[J].中国特殊教育,2011(4):22-29.
[2]白凯等.旅游管理专业的学科认同:量表开发与维度测量[J].旅游学刊,2012(5):41-48.
摘要：旅游行业的特点决定了旅游管理专业硕士研究生必须具备创新能力，创新能力的培养是研究生教育的核心内容。但是我国旅游管理专业研究生创新能力培养中仍然存在着学生自主创新能力的不够、教育模式单一、课程体系不合理等问题。针对这些问题，应通过优化教学模式、营造学术氛围、实行校企联合等方式，培培育旅游管理专业研究生创新能力。
关键词：旅游管理;研究生;创新能力;培养
创新能力是民族进步的灵魂、经济竞争的核心;当今社会竞争，与其说是人才的竞争，不如说是人的创造力竞争。对于综合性旅游产业而言，创新型人才尤为重要。我国旅游管理专业硕士研究生教育是为旅游业培养具有创新能力高端人才的摇篮，所以加强对我国旅游管理专业研究生创新能力培育的研究尤为重要。
一旅游管理研究生创新能力概述
(一)创新能力的概念
创新能力是指研究者运用积累的知识和经验，经过科学的思维加工和再造,产生新知识、新思想、新方法和新成果的能力，是一种思维作用动机、认知指导实践的综合性能力。创新能力强调的是一种在打破常规的基础上产生具有现实意义的东西的能力。
(二)旅游管理专业研究生需具备的创新能力
(1)获取和转化知识的能力
掌握丰富的的基础理论知识是研究生进行创新的必要条件，没有知识的积累，一切创新都只是空谈。在研究生阶段，对于知识的获取需要注意的有知识的广度、深度以及获取知识的速度。旅游管理是一个涉及知识面非常广的专业，学生只有拥有了广博的知识才能使自己的思维更加灵活。研究生阶段学习具有很强专业性，对知识的获取需更加深入，在“专”的基础上再“破”。同时，快速获取和不断更新知识的能力是知识创新的基础和前提。知识是永无止境的，学术研究也是无止境的，加之旅游业的迅猛发展，学生如果不能保证获取知识的时效性，那么创新就无从谈起[1]。
(2)开拓创新的能力
墨守成规是发展的绊脚石，创新的意义在于“出新”，新是创新的本质，是创新的价值所在。要创新，就要突破常规戒律，突破固有的习惯，突破条条框框，突破已有经验，突破过去的思维定势。旅游管理专业的研究生要善于用新思维、新方法、新角度看问题，突破旧的观念，使用新思维方式对现有资料进行梳理和分析;在汲取优秀文化遗产的同时,赋予其新时代内涵;除需具备时代精神外,还要注重新资料的发掘考证,对其进行科学分析,古为今用,赋予新的内涵和外延。
(3)预测和承担风险的能力
创新就意味着风险，任何创新都与风险相伴相依，充满了不确定因素。旅游行业本身也是一个风险重重的行业，越来越激烈的市场竞争环境使得旅游管理创新型人才必须勇于承担风险,对经营、管理中可能遇到的问题有充分的思想准备,勇于接受挑战,并能够经受风险考验,在困难中不断开拓进取。
(4)实践和应变的能力
创新能力的形成离不开学生的实际活动，学生只有在各种实践中发现问题，提出问题，解决问题，在不断探索中产生新的观点和思想火花，才能形成“求异”的思维，萌发创新意识。旅游管理专业研究生在学习和研究过程中，需要更加注重实践的作用，旅游属于服务性的行业，实践和应变能力显得尤为重要，只有将研究与实践有机结合，在实践中灵活处理各种可能出现的问题，随机应变，才能碰撞出真正符合实际的创新火花，使这些创新成果运用到实处，实现创新目的。
(5)集成和移植创新能力
集成创新能力是指创新行为主体采用系统工程的理论与方法,以提供特别优点的方式,将创新要素经过主动的优化、选择搭配,使其相互之间以最合理的结构形式结合在一起,形成一个由适宜要素组成的、相互优势互补、匹配的有机体,从而使有机体的整体功能发生质的跃变的一种自主创新过程的能力[2]。移植创新能力指的是将已有的知识在不同的时空引进、消化、吸收并进行再次创新的能力[3]。旅游管理专业是一个覆盖很多门类的学科，经济学、心理学、历史学等学科知识对于旅游管理专业的研究生而言，都是非常重要的。学科合理整合可以使学生在思考问题时避免了直线思维方式，有助于创新思维形成，在研究学习中，旅游管理专业的研究生要善于灵活运用交叉学科,采用不同的标准思考问题。
二旅游管理专业硕士研究生创新能力培养的必要性
旅游业的迅速发展,市场对各层次旅游管理专业人才的需求量急剧增长，对旅游管理人才也提出了更高的标准。
(一)创新是旅游企业家的使命
研究生培养的核心是创新能力和综合素质的培养。旅游管理专业硕士研究生的职业定位已经和本专科旅游管理专业的毕业生有了明显区别，旅游企业家已经成为了很多旅游管理专业硕士研究生职业选择。创新是企业家的本质特征和核心使命，也是企业家精神的灵魂。对于欲在旅游行业中有所作为的企业家而言，创新显得尤为重要。旅游作为新兴产业，存在的机会和可以利用的资源都还很充足，需要旅游企业家具有独特的投资眼光，发现一般人无法发现的机会，充分利用一切可以利用的包括一般人不能运用的资源，找到一般人无法想象的办法，创造性地进行开发，或者对已有资源重新进行整合，实现再次发现，为自己创造具有独创性的事业保证。这些都需要企业家具备创新精神和能力。
(二)创新是旅游企业核心竞争力的核心
旅游企业核心竞争力是很多种能力的有机结合，它是旅游企业自身控制的且不易被别的企业所模仿和复制的可以是旅游企业在行业竞争中保持持久优势的一种综合能力，创新是旅游企业核心竞争力的重要组成部分[4]。创新是旅游企业发展的不竭动力，是企业核心竞争力中最重要的因素，创新的主动与被动以及创新的快慢与效果也成为了旅游企业在竞争中获得优势的关键。旅游企业核心竞争力的不断生成与强化，特别明显地表现在开发潜在市场能力的不断更新，强化产品的升级换代上。旅游企业之间的竞争，最直接的体现是旅游企业产品之间的竞争。人民生活水平的提高，以及消费观念的改变，旅游消费者对旅游企业产品的需求也随之更为多样化。所以，绝妙的创意、经典的策划和产品的不断开发创新将对旅游企业行业地位的提升及企业未来的长远发展起到巨大的推动作用。
(三)创新是旅游行业持续发展的推动力
旅游业是高度综合的服务型产业。加快旅游业持续健康地发展,必须树立新的旅游资源观、新的旅游产品观、新的旅游市场观和新的旅游投入观,不能仅仅局限于对本行业的研究，而要拓宽视野，根据市场要求，并结合旅游相关行业的发展情况，开拓新的旅游市场，推出新的旅游产品，开发引领创新型的旅游消费方式。只有不断更新，不断改进，才能确保整个旅游行业蓬勃发展。旅游行业的发展需要具有专业旅游管理知识的人才，创新型旅游管理人才的优势，对于促进旅游业的发展具有十分重大的意义，高校旅游教育是我国旅游管理人才培养的重要基地，为我国旅游业的发展提供了智力支持和原动力。
三旅游管理专业硕士研究生创新能力培养中存在的问题
(一)学生自主创新意识不强，学术氛围不浓
我国研究生大多受传统教学模式影响，对老师传授的知识被动地接受，甚少对老师所讲授的问题进行独立思考，更鲜见提出自己的观点，学术讨论和交流的氛围不浓。包括旅游管理专业研究生在内的我国研究生普遍地养成了一种依赖性接受知识的学习态度和学习习惯，缺少教育发达国家所倡导的开放式追问风气，没有养成批判性思维方式。在很大程度上影响了研究生创新能力的提升。研究生创新能力培养受多种因素影响，其中营造浓厚的学术氛围、形成良好的学术风气是重要环节之一。目前我国许多高校开展的学术活动相对较少，学术氛围不够浓厚，很少组织有研究生参加的科研实践和学术活动[5]。很多学校研究生在研究生学习期间，因为导师的不同，即使在同一学院或同一专业，除了在公共课或全体大会之外学生基本很少联系，那么相互之间对学术问题的探讨就很少。一些导师忙于自己的教学和科研，对研究生的学术活动关注不够，研究生学术视野狭窄，对学科国际前沿问题缺乏了解，科研能力、创新意识不强。
(二)教学模式和方法落后，师资力量相对薄弱
研究生教学与本科教学的方法有着本质区别，但我国研究生教学仍存在许多问题。很多学校教学模式单一，归纳型和以“教”为主的教学模式仍被广泛运用于旅游管理专业研究生教学中。教学方法对课堂教学效果起着非常重要的作用，即便教学内容再新颖、再先进，没有科学合理的教学方法，也很难取得预期的教学效果。目前，我国研究生教学中普遍存在着导师仍旧采用灌输式的“授之以鱼”方法，而很少采用引导式的“授之以渔”授课方法。很多老师教学方式手段落后，很少利用先进教学设备进行辅助授课，很难激起学生兴趣，影响教学效果。旅游管理是一个比较年轻的学科，师资力量还不够雄厚，很多导师都是直接从别的专业转入，知识体系不够完备;大师级别的导师较少，师资力量相对于其他成熟专业较弱，严重影响了旅游管理专业研究生创新能力的培养。
(三)课程体系设置不合理
当前我国旅游管理专业研究生课程体系设置仍不够合理,存在学分较多、公共基础课偏多、课程体系缺乏层级性、实践课比重不足、跨学科、跨专业课程较少、前沿性课程不够等问题,没有突出课程的专业性、前沿性、综合性,不能充分反映交叉学科、边缘学科和新兴学科的新发展。旅游管理是一个跨多个领域的学科，但是很多学校对于此专业的研究生课程安排没有体现这个显著的特征，课程安排很少涉及除旅管理专业之外的其他专业课程。课程设置和本科专业课程部分重复。
(四)创新与实践结合的能力不强
目前旅游管理专业研究生教学仍主要是对于课本知识的课堂讲授，这种方式不仅空洞乏味，而且理论和实践脱节现象较为严重，忽视了对学生研究能力、实践动手能力、综合分析能力以及与社会沟通协调能力的综合培养。很多学校只是注重学生发表的论文数量，注重学生所获的学分多少，却不注重实践能力的培养。对于本专业而言，学校和旅行社、酒店等旅游企业的横向合作是培养硕士研究生创新能力的重要途径。需要学校和旅游企业密切合作、协同发展，为旅游管理专业研究生创新能力培养，搭建坚实的平台。
四提升旅游管理专业硕士研究生创新能力的具体措施
(一)重视知识积累，培养自主创新意识，营造良好学术氛围
知识积累是创新的基础，任何创新都是在前人基础上做出的，只有了解前人成果，才能实现超越。旅游管理专业研究生培养，既要注重培养获取和转化知识的能力，也要了解问题的研究基础，善于思考问题，在丰富的理论知识基础上进行自主创新。学校要设法营造一个良好的学术环境，努力创造教师到境外培训、学习的机会，同时让研究生积极参加各种学术活动。扩宽研究生视野、增长见识、锻炼思维能力，培养创新意识。学生通过参加学术活动，与同行接触交流，孕育创新的思想，产生从事科学研究的兴趣，聆听专家和优秀代表的报告，相互交流，拓宽研究视野，启迪思维，激发创新灵感，培养创新意识，促进自身创新能力的提高，使学生在一种良好的学术环境中潜移默化地实现创新素质与创新能力的提升。
(二)培养导师创新观念，优化教学模式，改进教学方法
对于研究生而言，导师的作用不言而喻。一个拥有创新能力和创新意识的导师往往能给予学生很多帮助，要让研究生做出好的研究，导师首先带头垂范。这种垂范要体现在教授、示范、指导和控制等多个方面。学校要优化教学模式，改进教学方法，可采取小班授课，采用讲座式、启发式、互动式教学，扩大自学比重,鼓励研究生进行课程专题报告，互相讨论交流。有条件的课程可以通过聘请院士、知名专家举办专题讲座等形式进行。学校应该以旅游管理重点学科建设为龙头，以教学、科研建设为中心，加大经费投入，建立一支年富力强的培养教育、科学研究、服务地方经济建设的师资队伍。充分发挥学科教学带头人作用，推进教学工作的老中青相结合，创建教学质量高、结构合理的教学团队;建立有效的团队合作机制，推动教学内容和方法改革研究，促进教学研讨和教改经验交流，开发教学资源。
(三)优化课程体系，拓宽学生视野
要进一步优化旅游管理专业研究生课程体系结构。降低必修课程总学分,提高选修课比重;调整部分老化课程,增加包含新观点、新方法、新内容的课程，鼓励开设学科交叉的课程;鼓励研究生跨专业、跨学科选课。由于旅游管理专业的涉及面很广，学校可以加入一些旅游相关专业的课程，如经济学、历史学、心理学等方面的课程，打破学科界限，加大课程融合，培养学生广博的知识面和良好的综合素质。
(四)加强实践教学，在实践中创新
学校和学生都要提高对实践的认识，实践对于旅游管理专业的研究生而言尤为重要，脱离了实践，培养出来的创新型人才将无法真正服务于社会。学校需要提升实践课程地位，通过实验实训课、旅游企业调研、专业实习和毕业设计环节提高学生实践创新能力。实践教学的主要目的是培养学生应用能力和在实践创新能力。旅游资源富集区是旅游专业学生见习和实习难得的社会课堂。在旅游专业课的学习之余或者是学习过程中，可采用理论与实践结合的方式授课，让学生走出校门,带着问题到宾馆、风景区、旅行社去学习。在实践中深化理论知识,在实践中运用已有的知识进行创新，做真正适应社会需求的创新型人才。
参考文献：
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'!howamazingitwas!itwasanicetrip.到海洋公园旅游上星期日我和父母去海洋公园旅游。我们坐公交车去。我们8：00从家出发，8：30到那里。公园里有很多人，男女老少到处都是人。我们看到很多鱼。最有趣的是看海豚表演。表演在下午3：30.可爱的海豚从水中跳出，有突然潜入水里。然后它们游向一个球，用鼻子来打球，并随着音乐起舞。太棒了！真是好玩
相信很多人都旅游过，如果用英文描述关于旅行，又是怎样呢?下面给大家分享一些关于旅游的 英语 作文 ，希望对大家有帮助。
关于旅游的英语作文1
I like to travel so much. When holiday comes, I will make travel plans. My friends like travel, too. So we make up the group. Travel means a lot to me. On the one hand, I can broaden my vision. Every city has its own feature and lifestyle, so I can experience different lifestyles. Books can provide us theorical knowledge, but if we go to the place to witness the real scenery, then what we learn from the book will be useful. On the other hand, travel can bring me the new mood. If I live in the same place for a long time and do the same thing every day, my life will be boring. But travel can help me to refresh my mood. When I come back, I am full of energy again.
关于旅游的英语作文2
I think nearly everyone likes traveling. Sometimes we will travel with our friends or families, but sometimes we will travel alone. I believe different ways for traveling will have different feelings. And I prefer travelling alone. Travelling alone is more excited. Just imagine, you go to a beautiful place, but you have never gone there before, so you have to deal all the things by yourself. It is very adventure, right? In addition, travelling alone can avoid many conflicts that will have when travelling in group. Last, watching the same scenery by yourself or with many people will have different feelings. Therefore, sometimes you can think about traveling alone. It is good.
关于旅游的英语作文3
Travel is a good way to refresh and broaden our horizon. During your travel, you can turn off your cellphone and keep far from the Internet. You can forget your work, your study or your family, and just enjoy the leisure time. From the moment when you start your journey, all the trifles should be locked at your house. During the travel, you can kill your time slowly to have a good rest, and you can contact with different people. They may be a window for you to know a different world. Meet various people, experience things, which make your world bigger. You just clean up your entire mind and you can get the true meaning of travel.
关于旅游的英语作文4
Winter holiday is coming. It's in December or have a plan for it. I am going to Canada during this winter holiday. I will go there by plane with my parents and friends. I am going to stay with my aunt and uncle. There will be snow everywhere. We can make snowmen there. We're going to go skiing, ice-skating and have some Canadian food. We are going to visit the Niagara Falls. It's a famous waterfall in Canada. We will also take some photos of it. I hope we can have a grate time in Canada!
关于旅游的英语作文5
Since I went to college, I have made many friends and we shared the same interest. My friends and I liked traveling so much. We decided to travel abroad. The destination was Thailand. We spent ten days there and had a nice trip. It was such an unforgettable trip, and I learned a lot.
Firstly, it was my first time to travel abroad. My friends and I had made many preparations. We read the travel guide and chose the information that was useful to us. I classified the information and wrote down tourist sites. During the trip, I become much independent. Sometimes I even walked down the foreign street by myself, appreciating the beautiful scenery.
Secondly, I broadened my vision and enrich my mind. Before I came to Thailand, I needed to read some information, then I got to know this country's culture and their tradition. When I was in Thailand, I could feel its religious belief. What's more, there were so many foreigners here, and I talked to them happily.
Traveling is a good way to learn knowledge, and I know the importance of English. It is the key to know about the world.
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请问你是学生吗？ 这样作文应该自己来写！ 而不是求助于网络！
As for this essay, I want the person who likes travel to read. And, I also want the person who yearns to the solitary journey to read. I like travel very much. I often go to travel. It meets a lot of people when traveling. It can touch not only the person but also the region. Therefore, it comes to want to go even times how many. I was traveling and all the people met had a very warm mind. It was very kind. There is a person who taught variety of land, too. I do not think meeting with two another degrees in the person. However, I do not think that I forget. Because, The reason is that there are a lot of very good memories. Therefore, travel is not stopped. It went to not only the country but also foreign countries. The communication of the intention can have been done with the person in the country though the word did not run well. However, I thought that the handicap of the word was large. I thought it was good if the word could be understood more many times. Therefore, I think that I should study the language study more. It can meet the one different according to the land when traveling. The tourist spot is, and there is a lot of one not so either. There are a lot of very good points of the place taught to the person in local. Therefore, it is always made to speak. I have not traveled still alone. I want to go out to travel alone sometimes. How about you? Traveling with someone is also good. However, I yearn to the solitary journey very much. It is not, and yearns for the destination to free travel. I want to go out to unrestrained travel some time. Finally, I yearn to the solitary journey. However, I do not hate tour travel. I think that there is a merit also in the tour. I think that traveling with the person who does not know also has the enjoyment. However, I like independent tour more. Which do you like? 至于这篇文章，我想谁喜欢的人前往阅读。此外，我也想谁的人渴望的孤独之旅阅读。我喜欢旅行非常。我经常去旅行。它满足了很多人旅行的时候。它不仅可以触摸的人，而且该地区。因此，涉及到希望能走的时候有多少。我是旅游和所有的人遇到了非常热情的态度。这是非常亲切。有一个人谁教各种土地也。我不认为会议有两个人中的另一个学位。不过，我不认为我忘记了。因为，原因是有一些非常美好的回忆。因此，旅游是没有停止。它接着不仅在国内而且在国外。意图的沟通已做了该国的人，但这个词没有很好地运行。不过，我认为这个词是大障碍。我认为这是很好的，如果这个词可以理解的许多倍。因此，我认为我应该学习更多的语言学习。它可满足一个不同根据土地旅行的时候。在旅游景点，并有一个地段的不这样做。有一对很好的地方很多积分，教导当地的人。因此，总是发言。我没有单独旅行依然。我想出去旅行，有时独自。你怎么样？与人行也很好。不过，我渴望孤独的旅程非常。这不是，并享受免费旅游目的地渴望。我想出去旅行一段时间无限制。最后，我渴望孤独的旅程。不过，我不恨观光旅游。我认为是有可取之处还参观。我认为，旅行的人谁不知道，也有享受。不过，我更喜欢独立的旅游。你喜欢哪个？