Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel The novel is told in the form of an extended After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering H It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named H And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off- But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is This kind of situation often leads to separation or Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from M Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his This separation continued until after M Earnshaw had Another example is between Hindley and H Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young H This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son LHeathcliff did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his Linton even says " my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about HThe hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each This had happened between Isabella and H Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married "(125) Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar L Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be Yet, after a while, she became She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love HThis enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and L Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about LBecause she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the These three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very While these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some One example of this is when M Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, H Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ," be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of S"(35) Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar L The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and L These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she She always thinks and considers things in a simple She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and H She thinks it is a kind of She is a limited In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend An outsider will see the whole thing more However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the As a main character Catherine is a She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and I think this comment is In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s ” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than His existence is natural to her for they are the same in They could understand each other without Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is Everyone has a devil in his The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to H She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human
也发我份儿~谢啦！
小学语文童话教学的反思摘 要:童话是小学中低年级语文课程的一个重要内容以往由于没有去全力理解儿童,忽视了从儿童的特点和需要出发,使童话教学当中出现了一些问题,主要表现为功利化和表演化两种倾向小学语文教学功利化的主要表现一是受语文工具观的影响,将童话教学作为语文知识技能训练的手段;二是过于强调道德教化和思想教育的使命表演化就是不根据童话的具体特点来选择恰当的教学形式,而是为形式而形式,为表演而表演关键词:小学语文;童话教学;反思童话是一种从童年的视角出发,用儿童的语言叙述童年的生活场景(或模拟儿童生活场景) ,表达童年的特殊感受和体验的一种儿童文学样式,具有神奇性,幻想性,叙事性及儿童性等特征表达童心世界的天真,稚拙,勇敢,奋发向上,生气勃勃的原始生命之美为其精神本质儿童在阅读童话时,常常会为那些鲜活逼真的人物形象所打动,被作品精彩离奇的故事情节所吸引,对种种如梦如幻的生活场景心向往之在这个过程中,他们尽情地渲泄自己的情感,释放自己的活跃的想象力,获得如游戏般的快乐体验同时不知不觉中,在他们的内心也建立起了生活的常识,形成了为一般生存和融入社会群体的必要的价值观念,作为方式和情感模式因此,童话深受儿童喜爱,也是小学中低年级语文课程的一个重要内容如第九套全国通用教科书就将童话作品主要安排在小学1～3年级,共有十几篇我们的语文教学虽然意识到了童话的重要性,但在很多时候由于没有去全力理解儿童,没有从儿童的特点和需要出发因此,在童话教学当中出现了一些问题,主要表现为功利化和表演化两种倾向
通话教学，我知道可以，能写
一、纸型、页面设置、版式和用字。毕业论文一律用国际标准A4型纸(297mmX210mm)打印。页面分图文区与白边区两部分，所有的文字、图形、其他符号只能出现在图文区内。白边区的尺寸(页边距)为：天头(上)25mm，地脚(下)20mm，订口(左)25mm，翻口(右)20mm。文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏编辑。使用规范的简化汉字。除非必要，不使用繁体字。忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。二、论文封面封面由文头、论文标题、作者、学校、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目组成。文头：封面顶部居中，占两行。上一行内容为“河南广播电视大学”用小三号宋体；下一行内容为“汉语言文学专业（本科）毕业论文”，3号宋体加粗。文头上下各空一行。论文标题：2号黑体加粗，文头下居中，上下各空两行。论文副题：小2号黑体加粗，紧挨正标题下居中，文字前加破折号。作者、学校（市级电大）、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目名称用3号黑体，内容用3号楷体，在正副标题下适当居中左对齐依次排列。占行格式为：作者：XXX学校：XXX 年级：XXX 学号：XXX指导教师：XXX 职称：XXX答辩组成员：XXX（主持人） 职称：XXXXXX 职称：XXX……答辩日期：X年X月X日申请学位：学士（不申请可省略此项）由于论文副题可有可无，学位可申请可不申请，答辩组成员可以是3、5、7人，封面内容占行具有不确定性，为保持封面的整体美观，可对行距做适当调整。三、论文论文由论文目录（提纲）和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。需要列目录的论文，目录要独占一页。“目录”二字用3号黑体，顶部居中；以下列出论文正文的一、二级标题及参考文献、附录等项及其对应页码。用小4号宋体。论文题目用3号黑体，顶部居中排列，上下各空一行；作者姓名：题目下方居中，用四号楷体。完成时间：作者姓名下方居中，字样为“X年X月”，用四号楷体。摘要：作者姓名下空一行，左起顶头，写明“摘要”字样加粗，点冒号，接排摘要内容。一般用五号字，字体用楷体。关键词：摘要下方，左起顶头，写明“关键词”字样加粗，点冒号，接排关键词。词间空一字。字型字体同摘要。正文：关键词下空一行开始。正文文字一般用5号宋体，每段起首空两格，回行顶格，单倍行距。正文文中标题：一级标题。标题序号为“一、”，4号黑体，独占行，末尾不加标点。如果居中，上下各空一行。二级标题，标题序号为“(一)”，与正文字体字号相同，独占行，末尾不加标点；三、四、五级序号分别为“1．”、“(1)”和“①”，与正文字体字号相同，一般不独占行，末尾加句号。如果独占行，则不使用标点。每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。注释：注释采用脚注形式。加注符号以页为单位排序，标在须加注之处最后一个字的右上角后，用带圈或括弧的阿拉伯数字依次标示。同时在本页留出适当行数，用横线与正文分开，左起空两字后写出相应的注号，再写注文。每个注文各占一段，用小5号宋体。
毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节，也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果，培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。标题标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。总标题总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有：①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。③交代内容范围。这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注重，以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。
题名又称题目或标题。题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合。论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：“论文题目是文章的一半”。对论文题目的要求是：准确得体：简短精炼：外延和内涵恰如其分：醒目。(二)作者姓名和单位(Authoranddepartment）这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负，二是记录作用的劳动成果，三是便于读者与作者的联系及文献检索(作者索引)。大致分为二种情形，即：单个作者论文和多作者论文。后者按署名顺序列为第一作者、第二作者……。重要的是坚持实事求是的态度，对研究工作与论文撰写实际贡献最大的列为第一作者，贡献次之的，列为第二作者，余类推。注明作者所在单位同样是为了便于读者与作者的联系。(三)摘要(Abstract）论文一般应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内容：①从事这一研究的目的和重要性;②研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作;③获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解;④结论或结果的意义。(四)关键词(Keywords）关键词属于主题词中的一类。主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词的叙词。主题词是用来描述文献资料主题和给出检索文献资料的一种新型的情报检索语言词汇，正是由于它的出现和发展，才使得情报检索计算机化(计算机检索)成为可能。主题词是指以概念的特性关系来区分事物，用自然语言来表达，并且具有组配功能，用以准确显示词与词之间的语义概念关系的动态性的词或词组。
Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's However, different people hold different attitudes A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of______________It does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the 最近，_______问题已引起人们的关注，然而，人们的态度各不相同，很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问，对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处（好处）。我十分赞同这一论述_________________，主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________它的利多弊少。弊多利少 在我的观点，把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然，现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。
标题摘要关键词正文
gf
一，议论文的格式： 议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：立论部分，论证部分。结论部分。二，一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题，第二段立论且加以论证，第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。 三，写作攻略：初中生在写议论文时要首先考虑自己的观点是什么，明确观点后要围绕观点进行论证，最后再进行总结。议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，但有时也要运用说明，叙述，描写等手法。初中议论文的写作格式一般为三段式：开头，主体和结尾。四，一般写作步骤如下：确定主题，引出论点。通过摆事实，讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实，原因，理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起。得出结论。要简明扼要，回扣全文。扩展资料：模板范文Many students think that they do not need to learn Engish, because they don't plan to go abroad。But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view。I think that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well。First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English。Secondly, in the world today most books are written in English。If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English。Most important of all, you can learn something more widely。All in all, I hold the opinion that we should learn English well。 And I hope that all the students can use English freely。参考资料：百度百科——英语作文
正文标题 :黑体、小2或2号、加黑、居中 凝练、概括、有启发性作者姓名:楷体、小4、加黑、居中 准确作者基本信息 :宋体、5号、居中 单位
毕业论文的基本格式要求: 1、封面和封底 封面必须在学校文印室打印封面含中英文标题,中文标题置于英文标题之上中文标题文字:黑体,小2;英文标题:Times New Roman,小2;其他:宋体,小3、封面所有填写信息一律居中 2、标题 应在25字以内,能简明、具体、确切地表达论文的内容 3、扉页 扉页是对研究生论文题目、导师、单位等作较详细的说明,其格式为分类号、密级、UDC、编号:宋体,5号;其他信息:宋体,4号不编页码 4、中文摘要(Abstract) 在500字以内摘要是对学位论文内容不加注释和评论的简述它应使人不阅读学位论文全文即可获得全文的主要信息和结论,是一篇完整的短文,可以独立使用论文摘要应说明研究工作的目的、方法、内容和结论要突出本文的新见解和研究工作的创新点 中文"摘要"、"目录"、"图目录"、"表目录"等,用小2号,黑体,行距2,居中每个字中间空两格,如目录,"目"与"录"中间空两格 5、关键词(Keyword) 论文关键词一般3至8个,应采用能覆盖论文主要内容的通用标准词条(参照相应的技术术语标准),按词条的外延层次从大到小排列,并以显着的字符另起一行,排在摘要左下方词之间用逗号分隔 6、英文摘要 与中文摘要相应的英文摘要和关键词 "致谢"、英文"摘要"、"目录"、"符号缩略表"、各章标题及"参考文献"、"附录"等,居中,用大写字母,字号18,行距2,加粗,段前后各空1行(行距2) 7、正文 (1)字体:Times New Roman、 (2)字号:章标题14,加粗,节标题12,加粗,正文12,不加粗(标题字体?) (3)章节:章节使用阿拉伯数字进行编排,正文分到第四级,例如:1-1、1--1、1、1--1、111、各节标题不得置于页1面最后一行;章节标题编号最后一个数字末不带小圆点;标号与标题名称之间只空一个字符距离标题分两行时章序号行段前和章标题行段后各空一行(2倍行距)每一章均从新的一页开始行距:章标题2倍,前后空0磅;节标题1、5倍,前后空12磅 (4)段落:采用小四号(12)字,两端对齐书写,段落各行均顶格书写行距为固定值20磅(段落中有数学表达式时,可根据表达需要设置该段的行距),段前空0磅,段后空0磅 (5)页码编号格式采用阿拉伯数字 8、附表和附图 附表和附图分别列出清单置于目录之后在正文中出现的图表均居中,图表必须自己制作,不得复制粘贴 所有图表需Table/Figure1-1(第1章,表或图1)的形式标注主题和资料年份、出处等来源信息,不得标注为:来自内部资料 附表表号、表题居中,居于表之上,字体:Times New Roman,11 附图图号、图题居中,居于图之下,字体:Times New Roman,11 9、脚注 只能用脚注采用小五号字,按两端对齐格式书写,单倍行距,段前段后均空0磅脚注的序号按页编排,不同页的脚注序号不需要连续序号采用"①,⑩"样式,全文格式要统一,正文处脚注序号"①,⑩"的字体是是"上标",脚注处脚注序号"①,⑩"的字体是"正文",不是"上标",序号与脚注内容文字之间空半个汉字符,脚注的段落格式为:单倍行距,段前空0磅,断后空0磅,悬挂缩进1、5字符;字号为小五号字,汉字用宋体,外文用Times New Roman体;中外文混排时,所有标点符号(例如逗号","、括号"()"等)一律使用中文输入状态下的标点符号,但小数点采用外文状态下的样式 10、页面设置 学位论文一律要求A4纸双面打印页面设置为上2、54厘米,下2、54厘米,左3、17厘米,右3、17厘米 11、参考文献 参考文献以中文文献、英文文献、网站资料、其他资料的顺序按字母先后顺序进行排列学位论文参考文献着录执行新的国家标准《文后参考文献着录规则》(GB/T 7714-2005) (学术堂提供更多论文知识)
正规的论文格式应该是这样的： 1、篇名 篇名应简明、具体、确切，能概括文章的特定内容，符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则，一般不超过20个字。必要时可加副篇名，用较小字号另行起排。篇名应尽量避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号和公式。 2、作者署名及工作单位 1 文章均应有作者署名。作者姓名置于篇名下方，译文的署名，应著者在前，译者在后，著者前用方括号标明国籍。各种补白短文，作者姓名亦可标注于正文末尾。 2 中国作者姓名的汉语拼音采用姓前名后，中间为空格，姓氏的全部字母均大字，复姓连写；名字的首字母大字，双名中间加连字符，姓氏与名均不缩写。 示例： ZHANG Ying(张 颖)，WANG Xi-lian（王锡联），ZHUGE Hua（诸葛华） 3 对作者应标明其工作单位全称、所在省、城市名及邮政编码，单位名称与省市名之间以逗号分隔，加圆括号置于作者署名下方。 4 多位作者的署名之间用逗号隔开；不同工作单位的作者，应在姓名右上角加注不同的阿拉伯数字序号，并在其工作单位名称之前加注与作者姓名序号相同的数字；各工作单位之间连排时以分号隔开。示例： 熊易群1，贾改莲2，钟小锋1，刘建君1 （陕西师范大学 教育系，陕西 西安710062；陕西省教育学院 教育系，陕西 西安710061） 3、摘要 论文应附有中英文摘要。摘要应能客观地反映论文主要内容的信息，具有独立性和自含性。一般不超过200字，以楷体字排在作者署名与关键词之间。英文摘要的内容一般应与中文摘要相对应。中文摘要前以“摘要：”作为标识；英文摘要前以“Abstract：”作为标识。 4、关键词 关键词是反映论文主题概念的词或词组，一般每篇可选3－8个，应尽量从《汉语主题词表》中选用。未被词表收录的新学科、新技术中的重要术语和地区、人物、文献等名称，也可作为关键词标注。关键词应以与正文不同的字体字号编排在摘要下方。多个关键词之间用分号分隔。中英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前以“关键词：”作为标识；英文关键词前以“Key words：”作为标识。示例： 关键词：《左传》；语言艺术；修辞；交际语言 5、分类号 应按照《中国图书馆分类法》（第4版）对每篇论文标引分类号。涉及多主题的论文，一篇可给出几个分类号，主分类号排在第1位，多个分类号之间以分号分隔。分类号排在关键词之后，其前以“中图分类号：”作为标识。示例： 中图分类号：A81；D05 6、文献标识码 按照《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范》规定，每篇文章均应标识相应的文献标识码：A 理论与应用研究学术论文；B 理论学习与社会实践总结；C 业务指导与技术管理性文章；D 动态性信息；E 文件、资料。中文文章的文献标识码以“文献标识码：”作为标识。示例： 文献标识码：A 7、文章编号 凡具有文献标识码的文章均可标识一个数字化的文章编号；其中A、B、C三类文章必须编号。文章编号由每一学报的国际标准刊号、出版年、期次号及文章篇首页页码和页数等5段共20位数字组成，其结构为：XXXX-XXXX（YYYY）NN-PPPP-CC。其中文标识为“文章编号：”。示例： 文章编号：1672-0059（2003）01-0001-03 8、收稿日期 1 收稿日期是指编辑部收到文稿的日期，必要时可加注修改稿收到日期。 2 收稿日期采用阿拉伯数字全数字式日期表示法标注，以“收稿日期:”作为标识，排文末，并用10字距正线与正文分开。 收稿日期：2003-08-18 9、基金项目 获得基金资助产出的文章应以“基金项目：”作为标识注明基金项目名称，并在圆括号内注明项目编号。多项基金项目应依次列出，其间以分号隔开。基金项目排在收稿日期之后。示例： 基金项目：国家社会科学规划基金资助项目（96BJL001） 10、作者简介 对文章主要作者的姓名、出生年、性别、民族（汉族可省略）、籍贯、职称、学位等作出介绍，其前以“作者简介：”作为标识。置于收稿日期（或基金项目）之后。同一篇文章的其他主要作者简介可以在同一“作者简介：”标识后相继列出，其间以分号隔开。示例： 作者简介：乌兰娜，1968年生，女，蒙古族，内蒙古达拉特旗人，内蒙古大学历史学系副教授，博士。 11、正文 1 文内标题力求简短、明确，题末不用标点符号（问号、叹号、省略号除外）。层次不宜过多，一般不超过5级。大段落的标题居中排列，可不加序号。层次序号可采用一、（一）、1、（1）、1）；不用①，以与注释号区别。文中应做到不背题，一行不占页，一字不占行。 2 用字应符合现代汉语规范，除某些古籍整理和古汉语方面的文章外避免使用旧体字、异体字和繁体字。简化字应执行新闻出版署和国家语言文字工作委员会以1992年7月7日发布的《出版物汉字使用管理规定》，以1986年10月10日重新发表的《简化字总表》为准。 3 标点符号使用要遵守GB/T15834-1995《标点符号用法》的规定（参考文献著录中的标点作为标识的用法另据后文规定），除前引号、前括号、破折号、省略号外，其余都应紧接文字后面，不能排在行首。夹注及表格内的文句末尾不用句号。著作、文章、文件、刊物、报纸等均用书名号。用数字简称的会议或事件，只在数字上加引号；用地名简称的，不加引号。外文的标点符号应遵循外文的习惯用法。 4 数字使用执行GB/T15835-1995《出版物上数字用法的规定》，凡公历世纪、年代、年、月、日、时刻和各种记数与计量（包括正负数、分数、小数、百分比、约数），均采用阿拉伯数字。年份不能简写。星期几一律用汉字。非公历纪年用汉字，并加圆括号注明公元纪年。多位的阿拉伯数字不能移行。4位以上数字采用3位分节法，即节与节之间空1/4字距。5位以上的数字尾数零多的，可以“万”、“亿”作单位。数字作为语素构成定型的词、词组、惯用词、缩略语，应使用汉字。邻近两个数字并列连用所表示的概数均使用汉字数字。 5 插图和照片应比例适当，清楚美观；图中文字与符号一律植字。插图应标明图序和图题，序号和图题之间空1字；图序以阿拉伯数字连续编号，仅有1图者于图题处标明“图1”；图题一般居中排于图的下方。图一般随文编排，图较多时也可集中排在文末或其他适当位置。插图的横向尺寸不超过版面2/3者，图旁应串文。图需卧排时，应顶左底右。插页图版可另编页码，并在图版上方标识文章篇名和所在页码。 6 表格应结构简洁，具有自明性。尽可能采用三线表，必要时可加辅助线。表格应有表序和表题。序号和表题居中排于表格上方，两者之间空1字。表序以阿拉伯数字连续编号，仅有1表者，于表题处标明“表1”。表内数据一律采用阿拉伯数字，个位数、小数点位置应上下对齐。相邻行格内的数字或文字相同时，应重复填写。表一般随文编排，先见文字后见表。表格的横向尺寸不超过版面2/3者，表旁应串文。表需卧排时，应顶左底右；需跨页时，一般排为双面跨单面；需转页时，应在续表上方居中注明“续表×”，表头重复排出。 7 文稿中的计量单位应严格执行GB 3100-3102-93《量和单位》的规定。 8 文稿中的数学公式应简明、准确地表达各个量之间的关系，一般另行编排，主辅线须区分清楚。在不引起误解的前提下，某些公式也可夹在文句中间。数学公式的编排，应遵循量、符号的书写规则。 9 每篇文章应尽可能排在连续页码上。确需转页时应在当页最末一行标点停顿处注明“下转第×页”；在接转部分之前注明“上接第×页”，字体与正文区别，加圆括号。转页应尽可能少，并不可逆转。 10 分期连载的长文，应在每期篇名之后加注连载序号，文末加注“待续”，最末一期加注“续完”。 12、致谢 致谢是作者对认为需要感谢的组织或个人表示谢意的文字，排于注释及参考文献之前，字体应与正文有所区别。