gf
Abstract: With the development of power electronics technology, harmonic hazards has become increasingly serious, harmonic governance issues has been On the power source for electronic devices harmonic analysis and concluded that its harm and the corresponding harmonic management principles and comprehensive management, and management of a harmonic Key words: power electronics; harmonics; hazards; inhibitionINTRODUCTIONWith the development of power electronics technology, power electronic devices to the extensive application of power system harmonics caused serious Various power electronic equipment in the transport, metallurgical, chemical and other industrial traffic the extensive application of harmonics in the grid problem is becoming increasingly serious, many low power factor of power electronic devices to the power grid additional burden on the quality of power and influence, Therefore, the power electronic devices harmonic pollution has become hinder the development of power electronics technology major Therefore, inhibition harmonic pollution and improve the power factor of power electronics technology has become a major issue in This paper focus on the key issues of power through electronic harmonic sources and the danger of understanding and analysis, and control of pollution from the relationship between the consideration of a comprehensive management approach on the final harmonic trends in the development of comprehensive management of the A power electronic device - the main source of harmonicsNonlinear load is a harmonic sources, which caused grid voltage distortion, in the voltage several times with the whole of the fundamental frequency Harmonic as the main source of power for various electronic devices mainly AC-DC converter (rectifiers, inverters, chopper, Drives), as well as bidirectional thyristor controlled switching equipment, as well as internal power system Variable Flow equipment, such as HVDC rectifier valve and the valve, and other Below its harmonics generated an analysis of the 1 RectifierAs a DC power supply devices, rectifiers widely used in various Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) respectively for the single-phase and three-phase circuits In rectifier devices, AC power supply for the current rectangular wave, rectangular wave of the fundamental frequency for the current and Jibeiai several times for the high-frequency harmonic current waveform Obtained by Fourier series of rectangular wave of high harmonics In fundamental component I1 and the largest ratio of 1 / n, with the trigger control angle α, and the decrease of overlap angle μ for the increase of harmonic wave components have reduced In addition, the existing research results indicate that: Rectifier harmonic current operation mode of the size, has a direct impact, therefore consider adjusting the voltage and current rectifier, it is best to conduct overlap angle, as well as for harmonic phase pressure drop calculations, in order to determine safe and economical operation mode when the control close to 40 ° angle α, overlapping in the 8 ° angle μ about the circumstances are often the most serious state of harmonic, so to go through, as far as possible through the correct choice of regulating transformers tap in order to avoid Harmonic most serious point [1]2 exchange regulatorExchange regulator used for lighting dimming and induction motor speed, and so Figure 2 (a) and 2 (b) respectively for the single-phase and three-phase circuits Exchange regulator and the harmonic frequency rectifier basically the Frequency Converter 3Frequency converter is AC / AC Converter behalf of equipment, when used as mot
一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。 如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。 二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。 主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。 需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。 三、摘要 1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。 2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。 3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，5倍行间距。 4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。 5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。 英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。 6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。 四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。 正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。 在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。 五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。 引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。 六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。 标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm,不必留出更多空白。 各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。 英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。 摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。（内容来源：学术堂）
Interest and talent: to go along with interest inThe most important thing is to do what you really want things to go along with - Yao MingEinstein had a famous saying: "Interest is the best " Ancients Yiyun: "those who know it better than the person, good to know those who were not as " Interested in learning the inner drive has a magical effect, can become null and void effective, turn inefficient for high-Yao Ming was a kid, Yao Ming's parents did not deliberately encourage him to basketball as their future careers, they are just to get him to do the things you They want a small child, like Yao Ming and the general school to university, finding a job, and then find their own way of But Yao had eventually opted for Later, he found himself really love Yao Ming, Yao Ming's parents and his old teachers, coaches, and small partners, say, in fact, he does not like basketball beginning of the year for him, basketball is just a Yao Ming's father, Yao Zhiyuan, said a child, like Yao Ming and the other boys like guns, and later Aikan Shu, in particular, love to read geography There was a time also became interested in archeology, and then further, like to do model aircraft, he was the first time in Ti Gongdui took wages, buy a model aircraft to come back And then later on like playing a In learning, Yao Yao's parents never forced, but rather inspired to display their main emphasis on cultivating his Yao enjoy this way to make learning After growing up, every time someone asked about his childhood, he will say: "I am coming to play, and no one forced me to " In fact, he called the play is to read their favorite books, study all its own curious As the music in which, just like playing the Chinese parents have ordered their children after school and learn this or that - music, painting, Children did not have freedom of choice, parents have the final Yao Ming Yao Ming's mother never forced to do such a thing, and she let Yao trying to do anything they Yao Ming not only required her to do bad things or do things the wrong Yao Ming until 9 years old, began a little interest in To 12 years old, he was very fond of the sport of Parents took him to the Shanghai Sports Institute, where he was a few hours every day playing Live on campus because of Yao Ming, the road away from home more distant, which makes him more time to play basketball, he was increasingly preoccupied with Yao's favorite player has three, they are Aruiweida Division? Sabonis, Hakeem? Olajuwon and Charles? Barkley, Yao has also admitted that he had used "Sabonis" as the network Yao Ming's mind, Sabonis is a basketball center technology, textbooks, "almost all the locations have some of the players in the " Sabonis is Yao started playing when the Yao Ming like Sabonis play the way - skilled dribbling, with incredible way to give the ball to the open man, in the long-distance precision Whenever he was on the floor, he would emulate his idol this Yao was very concerned about the Houston Rockets at the The team of another agile big man Hakeem? Olajuwon led by two consecutive years 1994 and 1995 to win the NBA Yao fell in love with the team, and also very admired Hakeem O These are more interested in basketball to Yao Ming, but also made him even more motivation to play Can be seen that interest in a person's personality formation and development of a person's life and activities have a huge Interest is the individual specific things, activities and man-made objects, the resulting positive and tendentious, selective attitude and Everyone interested in the things of his to give priority attention to and actively explore and demonstrate For example, the Yao Ming on the basketball produced a strong interest in, that is why attention to basketball and basketball only for the devoted enthusiasm, effort; also for example, some people interested in art, he would have a variety of oil paintings, art exhibition, photography will be seriously Watch, commentaries, to a good collection of works, Interested in not only concern the surface of things, any kind of interest in this area are due to receive the knowledge or participation in such activities, people experience the emotional satisfaction For example, a person interested in dancing, he would take the initiative and actively looking for opportunities to participate in, but also in dance to feel pleasure and relaxation, showing a positive and Specifically, the interest in the role of a person shown in the following areas:First of all, the role of the preparation for future For example, a students of chemical interest, it may inspire a variety of chemical knowledge, he has accumulated to study a variety of chemical phenomena, for future research and chemical aspects of the work involved in laying the groundwork to prepare Secondly, the ongoing activities play a catalytic Interest is a kind of strong emotion of the interest of the activities, it can be to get people to focus on knowledge and creativity to complete the current US well-known Chinese scholar Professor Ding Zhaozhong once said with deep feeling: "Any scientific research, the most important thing is to look for his own lack of interest in the work, in other words, that is, there is no dedication, this can not have any such as engaging in physical experiment, because I am interested, I can two days and nights, or even three days and three nights in the laboratory, keep the instrument beside theI was anxious to find that I want to explore "It is the interest and dedication contributed to the scientific research undertaken by Professor Ding effort and he received a great Finally, the attitude of activities to promote the role of Interest will encourage people to delve into the creative work and Secondary school students for a course on interest will be prompted him to study hard, and creative thinking, will not only greatly improved his grades, but will greatly improve the learning methods to improve learning Therefore, the people's interest not only in the study, the occurrence and development activities, up, and also to understand and engage in activities in the great driving Yao Ming's interest in basketball and become a great player and we are able to because of interest in the achievements of their own
red（红色）红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中，这些日子常用红色字体。 black（黑色)在英语中经常有“不好的”、“坏的”、“邪恶的”这种意味。 blue（蓝色）在英语中通常表示不快乐、忧郁的情绪。 green（绿色)英语中的green常用来表示表示“嫉妒”，还表示“新鲜”或没有经验、缺乏训练”的意思。白色（white）英语文化中，white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服，代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。gray 灰色，高中麦琪的礼物上有讲过，党代表抑郁 ，心情低落。深白色绿色green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”，如：green with envy，green as jealousy，green-eyed monster都是指“十分嫉妒”的意思。汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”，应该翻译为green-eyed而不能翻译为red-eyed。由于美元纸币是绿颜色的，所以green在美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等意义，如：(11) In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。 在英语中绿色还用来表示没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄等意思，如：(12) The new typist is green at her 刚来的打字员是个生手。(13) You cannot expect Mary to do business with such She is only eighteen and as green as 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意，她只有十八岁，还毫无经验。黄色黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。在英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼(14) He is too yellow to stand up and 他太软弱，不敢起来斗争。英语中的黄色还用来作为事物的特定颜色，例如，美国有些城市的出租车上标有“yellow”（而不是“taxi”）的字样，代表出租车，因为那里的出租车为黄颜色。如：Yellow Pages 黄页 （电话号码簿，用黄纸印刷）Yellow Book 黄皮书 （法国等国家的政府报告，用黄封面装帧）Yellow boy （俗）金币汉语中x色一词有时象征低级趣味、xx庸俗、x流猥亵的意思，如x色电影、xx书刊、xx光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。能够表示汉语中这些意思的词汇应该是：pornographic（x情的）、vulgar（庸俗x流的）、obscene（猥亵的）等。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（x流的玩笑）， blue films（x色电影）等。蓝色蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”，如：(15) They felt rather blue after the failure in the football 球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。(16）She looks blue What’s the matter with her?She is in holiday 她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事情？ 她得了假期忧郁症。例 (15) 中的holiday blue 相当于winter holiday depression，指冬季假期时，人困在家里，感到无聊寂寞时的心情或情绪。另一个同低落的情绪有关的词组是：a blue Monday（倒霉的星期一），指度过快乐的周末后，星期一又要上学或上班，所以情绪不好。blue在英语中有时用来指“黄色的”、“下流的”意思，如：blue talk 下流的言论blue video 黄色录象有时blue又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义，如blue blood（贵族血统）。此外，blue在英语中与其它词汇搭配，还有另外的含义，如：out of blue 意想不到once in a blue 千载难逢drink till all’s blue 一醉方休白色白色（white）在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁和清白的意思，但也有一些含义上的不同。例如，汉民族文化中，白色与死亡、丧事相联系，如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事（funeral），表示哀悼。但在英语文化中，white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服，代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。英语中的white有时表达的含义，与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系，如：a white lie 善意的谎言the white coffee 牛奶咖啡white man 善良的人，有教养的人white-livered 怯懦的white elephant 昂贵又无用之物汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组，实际上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么联系，而是表达另外的含义，如：白开水 plain boiled water白菜 Chinese cabbage白字 wrongly written or mispronounced character白搭 no use白费事 all in vain黑色黑色（black）在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如，黑色是悲哀的颜色，英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装，中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday 指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五，是悲哀的日子。black在英语中还象征气愤和恼怒，如：black in the face 脸色铁青to look black at someone 怒目而视另外，黑色在汉语和英语中都有“阴险”、“邪恶”的含义，不过翻译时不一定用“黑”或“black”的字眼，例如：黑心 evil mind黑手 evil backstage manipulator黑幕 inside story黑线 a sinister lineblack sheep 害群之马black day 凶日black future 暗淡的前途除上面所提到的各种联想意义外，颜色词还与历史、社会、经济等现象有关系，表现出一定的社会属性，例如：历史方面：to raise to the purple升为红衣主教to be born in the purple 生于帝王之家to marry into the purple 与皇室或贵族联姻社会方面：blue-collar workers 蓝领阶层，指普通体力劳动者grey-collar workers 灰领阶层，指服务性行业的职员white-collar workers 白领阶层，指接受过专门技术教育的脑力劳动者pink-collar workers 粉领阶层，指职业妇女群体golden-collar personnel 金领阶层，指既有专业技能又懂管理和营销的人才经济方面：red ink 赤字in the black 盈利white goods 白色货物，指冰箱、洗衣机等外壳为白色的家电产品brown goods 棕色货物，指电视、录音机、音响等外壳为棕色的电子产品。
red（红色）红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中，这些日子常用红色字体。 black（黑色)在英语中经常有“不好的”、“坏的”、“邪恶的”这种意味。 blue（蓝色）在英语中通常表示不快乐、忧郁的情绪。 green（绿色)英语中的green常用来表示表示“嫉妒”，还表示“新鲜”或没有经验、缺乏训练”的意思。白色（white）英语文化中，white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服，代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。gray 灰色，高中麦琪的礼物上有讲过，党代表抑郁 ，心情低落。深白色绿色green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”，如：green with envy，green as jealousy，green-eyed monster都是指“十分嫉妒”的意思。汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”，应该翻译为green-eyed而不能翻译为red-eyed。由于美元纸币是绿颜色的，所以green在美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等意义，如：(11) In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。 在英语中绿色还用来表示没有经验、缺乏训练、知识浅薄等意思，如：(12) The new typist is green at her 刚来的打字员是个生手。(13) You cannot expect Mary to do business with such She is only eighteen and as green as 你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意，她只有十八岁，还毫无经验。黄色黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。在英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼(14) He is too yellow to stand up and 他太软弱，不敢起来斗争。英语中的黄色还用来作为事物的特定颜色，例如，美国有些城市的出租车上标有“yellow”（而不是“taxi”）的字样，代表出租车，因为那里的出租车为黄颜色。如：Yellow Pages 黄页 （电话号码簿，用黄纸印刷）Yellow Book 黄皮书 （法国等国家的政府报告，用黄封面装帧）Yellow boy （俗）金币汉语中x色一词有时象征低级趣味、xx庸俗、x流猥亵的意思，如x色电影、xx书刊、xx光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。能够表示汉语中这些意思的词汇应该是：pornographic（x情的）、vulgar（庸俗x流的）、obscene（猥亵的）等。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（x流的玩笑）， blue films（x色电影）等。蓝色蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁苦闷”，如：(15) They felt rather blue after the failure in the football 球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。(16）She looks blue What’s the matter with her?She is in holiday 她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事情？ 她得了假期忧郁症。例 (15) 中的holiday blue 相当于winter holiday depression，指冬季假期时，人困在家里，感到无聊寂寞时的心情或情绪。另一个同低落的情绪有关的词组是：a blue Monday（倒霉的星期一），指度过快乐的周末后，星期一又要上学或上班，所以情绪不好。blue在英语中有时用来指“黄色的”、“下流的”意思，如：blue talk 下流的言论blue video 黄色录象有时blue又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义，如blue blood（贵族血统）。此外，blue在英语中与其它词汇搭配，还有另外的含义，如：out of blue 意想不到once in a blue 千载难逢drink till all’s blue 一醉方休白色白色（white）在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁和清白的意思，但也有一些含义上的不同。例如，汉民族文化中，白色与死亡、丧事相联系，如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事（funeral），表示哀悼。但在英语文化中，white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘在婚礼上穿白色礼服，代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。英语中的white有时表达的含义，与汉语中的“白色”没有什么关系，如：a white lie 善意的谎言the white coffee 牛奶咖啡white man 善良的人，有教养的人white-livered 怯懦的white elephant 昂贵又无用之物汉语中有些与“白”字搭配的词组，实际上与英语white所表示的颜色也没有什么联系，而是表达另外的含义，如：白开水 plain boiled water白菜 Chinese cabbage白字 wrongly written or mispronounced character白搭 no use白费事 all in vain黑色黑色（black）在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如，黑色是悲哀的颜色，英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装，中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday 指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五，是悲哀的日子。black在英语中还象征气愤和恼怒，如：black in the face 脸色铁青to look black at someone 怒目而视另外，黑色在汉语和英语中都有“阴险”、“邪恶”的含义，不过翻译时不一定用“黑”或“black”的字眼，例如：黑心 evil mind黑手 evil backstage manipulator黑幕 inside story黑线 a sinister lineblack sheep 害群之马black day 凶日black future 暗淡的前途除上面所提到的各种联想意义外，颜色词还与历史、社会、经济等现象有关系，表现出一定的社会属性，例如：历史方面：to raise to the purple升为红衣主教to be born in the purple 生于帝王之家to marry into the purple 与皇室或贵族联姻社会方面：blue-collar workers 蓝领阶层，指普通体力劳动者grey-collar workers 灰领阶层，指服务性行业的职员white-collar workers 白领阶层，指接受过专门技术教育的脑力劳动者pink-collar workers 粉领阶层，指职业妇女群体golden-collar personnel 金领阶层，指既有专业技能又懂管理和营销的人才经济方面：red ink 赤字in the black 盈利white goods 白色货物，指冰箱、洗衣机等外壳为白色的家电产品brown goods 棕色货物，指电视、录音机、音响等外壳为棕色的电子产品。
In flat vast Yudong
1、论文格式的论文题目：（下附署名）要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、论文格式的目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、论文格式的内容提要： 是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、论文格式的关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。 5、论文格式的论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： 提出问题-论点； 分析问题-论据和论证； 解决问题-论证方法与步骤； 结论。 6、论文格式的参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期） 英文：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
1、论文格式的论文题目：（下附署名）要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、论文格式的目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、论文格式的内容提要： 是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、论文格式的关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。 5、论文格式的论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： 提出问题-论点； 分析问题-论据和论证； 解决问题-论证方法与步骤； 结论。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期） 英文：作者--标题--出版物信息
手写的小论文肯定还是需要有关键字只有引用文献可以说少一点毕竟你的引用的东西很少
论文主要内容：一、论文的标题部分标题就是题目或题名，标题需要以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中重要的特定内容逻辑组合，论文题目非常重要，必须用心斟酌选定。二、论文的摘要 论文一般应有摘要，它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。摘要应该包含以下内容： 1、从事这一研究的目的和重要性 2、研究的主要内容3、完成了哪些工作4、获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解 5、结构或结果的意义三、论文关键词关键词属于主题词中的一类，主题词除关键词外，还包含有单元词、标题词和叙词。关键词是标识文献的主题内容，单未经规范处理的主题词。四、引言又称为前言，属于正片论文的引论部分。写作内容包括：1、研究的理由2、研究目的3、背景4、前人的工作和知识空白5、作用和意义五、正文部分论文的主题，占据论文大部分篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果，都将在这一部分得到充分的反映，要求这部分内容一定要充实，论据充分可靠，论证有利，主题明确。 六、参考文献参考文献是文章在研究过程和论文撰写是所参考过的有关文献的目录，参考文献的完整标注是对原作者的尊重。不只在格式上有具体要求，在数量、种类、年份等方面又有相关要求。
小论文即论文。论文是一个汉语词语，拼音是lùn wén，古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。具体的范文模板链接：_NtKMPnWFxA8vw?pwd=rx9h 提取码: rx9h