《足球运动科学的发展及展望》北京体育大学学报《足球运动科学进展与未来》北京体育大学学报《现代足球整体攻防性战术思想及其应用的探讨》作者：刘晓宇等。《论现代足球运动员进攻性跑位意识》作者：左刚。《对2008年欧洲杯决赛阶段各队进球情况的研究》作者：马德兴。《关于足球无球队员进攻跑位技术教学与训练的探讨》作者：陈晓。《现代足球运动攻击性防守探讨》作者：萨基（意大利）《谈足球比赛中防守技术的运用》作者：高升。《现代足球攻防战术的思考》作者：陶伟。《现代足球比赛的战术特征及其发展趋势》作者：张庆春，李建立。够用了吧？
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转自毕业论文网： 中文摘要：从第十六届世界杯足球赛看，个人突破依然是重要的进攻手段之一，运用区域趋向前移和靠中，动作快速简练、多变实用，在禁区附近大胆合理使用个人突破可收到事半功倍的作用，是一种打破僵局的最有效手段。 关键词：世界杯；个人突破；进攻；运用形式；运用方法To soccer individual breakthrough ability analysisAuthor: The Wu parental affection instructs the teacher: HuangZhenzhou (Hainan normal university sports is seaport 571158)Chinese abstract: Looking from the 16th session of World Cup soccergame that, individual breakthrough still is one of important attackmethods, utilizes before the region trend to move and to depend on,the movement fast succinct, changeable is practical, bold reasonablyuses individual breakthrough nearby the forbidden area to be possibleto receive the twice the result with half the effort function, is onekind breaks the deadlock the most effective Key word: World Cup individual breakthrough attack utilization formutilization method目录 1 前言 12 研究对象与方法 22．1 参加1998年第十六届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段的队伍 22．2 对所获得统计数据进行分类、归纳、整理，并应用有关专家所研究的结果进行对比得出最终数据。 22．3 查阅国内外有关足球个人突破能力的文献与各大权威网站提供的有关个人突破的结果进行对比得出最终数据。
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看古代皇后娘娘如何不要妄想我会爱上你！”并且很用力气地把皮球踢出了边线——劲承认，他成了她无法挣脱的噩梦。
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文章没有，只有参考文献。一、成立足球社团的目的体育不仅仅是强健体魄，还包括精神状态，心理状态的培养，体育运动提倡的是一种朝气蓬勃的竞争精神，一种一往无前的奋斗精神，一种开放进取的创新精神，参加体育运动，不仅有益身体健康，还会在精神上、心理上产生积极的影响。体育运动和游戏最能培养孩子的自尊心，自信心，激发孩子乐观向上的内在潜质。能够终身参加的体育活动，无意是三大球，而足球是世界第一运动，对一年级的小学生来说，玩足球是一个非常好的锻炼身体，建立自信心和培养情感的运动，在玩耍中，孩子们的身心得到充分的放松，在团队中，孩子交往能力得到提高。尤其是男孩子，有了体育这个特长，就会觉得自己特别酷，这对培养孩子的性情是非常有好处的。足球要从娃娃抓起，我们引进徐州团队之星公司的专业足球人士，带领孩子们认识足球，学习足球，引导学生自觉喜爱和参与足球运动，让更多的孩子从这项运动中获益。二、校园足球的发展潮流教育部部长袁贵仁近日在全国学校体育工作座谈会上透露，教育部将制定并实施校园足球中长期发展规划，今年起逐步建立健全小学、初中、高中和大学四级足球联赛机制，力争校园足球取得重大突破。袁贵仁表示，合理布局小学、中学、大学定点学校，用3年时间把校园足球定点学校由目前的5000余所扩展到2万所。下一步，将把校园足球工作的成功做法逐步拓展到篮球和排球等集体体育项目中。另据了解，在新一轮基础教育课改中，在总课时减少的情况下，小学三至六年级每周3节体育课提高为4节，高中每周2节提高到3节。任何学校不得以任何理由和借口占用体育课时。国家将足球作为学生体育发展的突破口，大力推动足球发展，已经是大势所趋，未来2-3年，足球运动会在中小学校园蔚然成风，越来越多的孩子将投身到这项运动中去。重磅推荐：百度阅读APP，免费看书神器！1/4二、足球社团的发展思路 在足球启蒙的开始阶段，教师根据儿童年龄段生心理特点，利用玩玩练练、练练玩玩、以玩代练的方法，让儿童了解足球，喜爱足球活动，会不会踢球都不重要，玩的开心才是重要的，通过多种无球和结合球的游戏，让儿童尽情玩耍，以培养他们对足球的强烈爱好，提高他们积极参与足球活动的浓厚兴趣，并能从中观察了解儿童的协调、灵敏、速度等素质。普及足球基本技术的基础上，规范足球动作，学习运动防护，在经过半年的时间，每个班选拔5-9名足球小将组建足球队，进行5对5、或9-9的班级比赛。年复一年，周而复始，滚动式提高学校的足球水平。3、由专业少年足球教练为学校免费上足球公开课，普及足球运动，希望在足球方面进一步提高的可以参加矿大科技城的团队之星的足球培训班，训练地点在我校操场。
随着现在足球的发展，当今足球运动逐渐呈现出新的发展趋势。攻防对抗日趋激烈，攻防范围的扩大化，运动员技战术的多样化，使比赛场上各个位置的队员攻防呈现出新的变化，其射门得分的特征也更加鲜明突出。同时，随着世界足球的相互交流与融合，球队之间的差距越来越小，对抗越来越激烈，速度越来越快，但射门得分依然是攻防的焦点，其将永远是世界性的难题。而世界杯、欧洲杯足球比赛是世界上最高水平的足球赛事，其直接体现或引导现代足球的发展方向，是洞察、分析世界足球运动特点和发展趋势的一个重要窗口。 本文通过对2006年第十八届世界杯决赛阶段64场比赛、2004年第十二届欧洲杯决赛阶段31场比赛、2002年第十七届世界杯决赛阶段64场比赛，共计159场比赛385个进球的总体情况，进行观察、统计、分析、归纳和总结，认为这三界大赛在进球进攻上有以下特点： 1这三届杯赛的平均每场进球数都较前一届的平均每场进球数有所下降，呈下滑趋势；上半时进球数量都少于下半时进球数量，在76-90min这个时间段中进球数量最多。2区是进球数量最多的射门区域。中路进攻的进球数量最多，边路进攻的进球数量是最少的，但其在比赛中的作用毫不逊于中路进攻。定位球进攻在比赛中起着极为重要的作用。 2阵地进攻的进球数量最多，快速反击进球的比重正在逐届上升。各种进攻战术得分由中场发起的最多，前场其次，后场最少。任意球进攻战术灵活多变，可以有计划地组织进攻配合，且这种进攻有充分的准备时间。传球配合是全部进攻方式中最主要的得分手段。定位球进攻方式也是现代足球进攻战术中的重要手段之一，是除传球配合以外的又一重要的进攻方式。个人突破、补射、远射、乌龙球等进攻方式获得进球的比例比较小。 3脚内侧、脚背内侧、头部是射门进球的关键部位。其中脚内侧射门进球最多，脚背内侧是准确性和力量结合最好的射门动作，也是定位球射门采用最多的一种方式。直接射门的进球数量最多，运球突破射门和补射进球数量较少；绝大多数的进球是在正常状态下打入的，正常状态和非正常状态进球占全部进球的比例差距越来越小；非直接对抗射门进球数所占的比例远远大于直接对抗射门进球的比例，但直接对抗和非直接对抗的比例成逐年接近趋势。 4直接脚传进球比例呈逐年上升的趋势，而运控突传进球的比例呈逐年下降的趋势，头顶球进球的变化不大。
有关英国文化The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere) Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West I The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home Language Main article: Languages in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has no official English is the main language and the de facto official language, spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK However, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their autochthonous In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely used by officialdom, and Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned Additionally, the Western Isles council area of Scotland has a policy to promote Scottish G Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed itself to the promotion of certain linguistic Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish are to be developed in Wales, Scotland and Cornwall Other native languages afforded such protection include Irish in Northern Ireland, Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where it is known in official parlance as "Ulster Scots" or "Ullans" but in the speech of users simply as "Scotch", and British Sign L The Arts Literature Sherlock Holmes, played here by Jeremy Brett, was created by British author Arthur Conan DMain article: British literature The earliest native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic languages of the The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern I Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among educated After the Norman Conquest Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century, with the rise and spread of the London dialect of Middle E Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable individual in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy Following the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, the Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and From this period, poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1745) After a period of decline, the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in vernacular literature, the rhyming weavers of Ulster being especially influenced by literature in Scots from S The following two centuries continued a huge outpouring of literary In the early 19th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier, with such poets as William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord B The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, and Thomas H World War One gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote (often paradoxically), of their expectations of war, and/or their experiences in the The Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and S The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant It remains today the dominant English literary Other well-known novelists include Arthur Conan Doyle, D H Lawrence, George Orwell, Salman Rushdie, Mary Shelley, Zadie Smith, J R R Tolkien, Virginia Woolf and JK R Important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, T S Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Milton, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, and Dylan T Religion Main article: Religion in the United Kingdom Although today one of the most 'secularised' states in the world, the United Kingdom is traditionally a Christian country, with two of the Home nations having official faiths: Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the Established Church in E The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of E Presbyterianism (Church of Scotland) is the official faith in S The Anglican Church in Wales was disestablished in The Anglican Church of Ireland was disestablished in Other religions followed in the UK include Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, and B While 2001 census information [2] suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services, compared to 15 percent of French citizens and 57 percent of American A 2004 YouGov poll found that 44 percent of UK citizens believe in God, while 35 percent do not [3] The disparity between the census data and the YouGov data has been put down to a phenomenon described as "cultural Christianity", whereby many who do not believe in God still identify with the religion they were bought up as, or the religion of their [edit] Food Main article: British cuisine Although there is ample evidence of a rich and varied approach to cuisine during earlier historical periods (particularly so amongst wealthy citizens), during much of the 19th and 20th century Britain had a reputation for somewhat conservative The stereotype of the native cuisine was of a diet progressing little beyond stodgy meals consisting of "meat and two veg" Even today, in more conservative areas of the country, "meat and two veg" cuisine is still the favoured choice at the dinner Traditional British fare usually includes dishes such as fish and chips, roast dishes of beef, lamb, chicken and pork, as well as regional dishes such as the Cornish pasty and Lancashire H On 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of World War II, a system of food Rationing was introduced to conserve stocks and feed the nation during the critical war Rationing persisted until July 4, 1954 [4] when a fourteen year period of relative privation (which profoundly affected a generation of people attitude to 'a culture of food') finally came to an With the end of rationing, Britain's diet began to change, slowly at first during the 1950s and 1960s, but immeasurably by the closing decades of the 20th During the transitional period of the 1970s, a number of influential figures such as Delia Smith (perhaps Britain's most famous homegrown exponent of good food), began the drive to encourage greater experimentation with the new ingredients ( pasta) increasingly being offered by the The evolution of the British diet was further accelerated with the increasing tendency of the British to travel to continental Europe (and sometimes beyond) for their annual holidays, experiencing new and unfamiliar dishes as they travelled to countries such as France, Italy, and S Towards the mid to late 1990s and onwards an explosion of talented new 'TV chefs' began to come to prominence, (with figures as diverse as Jamie Oliver, Ainsley Harriott, Ken Hom, Nigella Lawson, Madhur Jaffrey, Nigel Slater, and Keith Floyd) this brought about a noticeable acceleration in the diversity of cuisine the general public were prepared to try and their general confidence in preparing food that had would once have been considered pure staples of foreign cultures, particularly the Mediterranean European, South and East Asian As a result, a new style of cooking called Modern British This process of increased variety and experimentation in food inevitably dovetailed with the very profound impact that the post-war influx of immigrants to the UK (many from Britain's former colonies in the Caribbean and Indian sub-continent) had on the national The new communities propelled new and exciting dishes and ingredients onto restaurant tables and into the national In many instances, British tastes fused with the new dishes to produce entirely new dishes such as the Balti, an English invention based on Indian cuisine that has since gained popularity across the Many of these new dishes have since become deeply embedded in the native culture, culminating in a speech in 2001 by Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, in which he described Chicken Tikka Masala as 'a true British national dish' [5] With the rich diversity of its peoples and its (arguably) relatively successful attempts at creating a true multicultural society, married to a reputation as an experimental and forward thinking nation, the future of British cuisine looks [edit] Education University College, Oxford was founded in the 13th centuryMain article: Education in the United Kingdom The education system in the United Kingdom varies in important respects between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern I Education is devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the assemblies in Wales and Northern I Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of five and Most children in the UK are educated in state funded schools financed through the tax system and so parents do not pay directly for the cost of Less than ten percent of the UK school age population attend independent fee-paying Many prominent independent schools, often founded hundreds of years ago, are known as public schools of which Eton, Harrow and Rugby are three of the better Most primary and secondary schools in both the private and state sectors have compulsory school This is a contentious point with generations of school children who would like to see them abolished, only to support their retention once they become parents, this is due to people wanting to have a 'uniform' appearance in schools and it reduces the brand logo culture from coming out in educational Due to the multicultural nature of England, some allowances have had to be made in the uniform regulations to accommodate the needs of some children's religious [edit] England Main article Education in England Most schools came under state control in the Victorian era, a formal state school system was instituted after the Second World W Initially schools were separated into infant schools (normally up to age 4 or 5), primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational secondary modern schools) Under the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s most secondary modern and grammar schools were combined to become comprehensive Although the Minister of Education is responsible to Parliament for education, the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Education A Northern Ireland Main article Education in Northern Ireland Scotland Main article Education in Scotland Wales Main article Education in Wales Higher education The United Kingdom includes many historic These include the so-called Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University) which are amongst the world's oldest universities and are generally ranked at or near the top of all British Other universities include the University of St Andrews, the oldest university in S Academic degrees are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class) [Sport Main article: Sport in the United Kingdom The national sport of the UK is football, and the UK has the oldest football clubs in the The home nations all have separate national teams and domestic competitions, most notably the Scottish Premier League, the FA Cup and the FA Premier L The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in The match ended Other famous British sporting events include the Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National, the London Marathon, the ashes series of cricket matches and the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: Football (soccer), squash, golf, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and National costume The kilt is a traditional Scottish garmentThere is no specifically British national Even individually, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland has the kilt and Tam o' In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard are considered by tourists to be symbolic of Englishness, however they are not official national Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English may dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English Naming convention The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a parent's family This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches of the other home nations until much Since the 19th century middle names have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible however in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era Anglo Saxon and mythical names became Since the middle of the 20th century however given names have been influenced by a much wider cultural 英国式足球（Wall game）的英文介绍Wall gameWally (pronounced Wall - ey ) is a groupe of games played predominantly in secondary schools in E The games are generally played during breaks and require a wall and tennis ball or Numbers involved in games range from four to 30-ish; however, numbers become unmanageable beyond How to playUsing a tennis ball The game is played against a stretch of wall with a smooth flat surface The wall should preferably be above two meters (although skilled players never use more than meter) The ball is 'served' by throwing the ball hard at the ground and making it bounce on to the wall; this is normally done from two to three meters away from the Players then have to hit the ball in the cupped palm of their hand towards the wall ensuring that it bounces on the ground before it hits the A player is out if they fail to hit the ball, fail to make the ball bounce before hitting the wall, or miss the The winner is the last person left A tennis raquet can be used instead of handsUsing a football The rules are the same although the ball is kicked rather than hit with the handDetailed RulesThe length of wall is changeable depending on the number of players but generally stays under eight Players can call for a re-serve if they feel there was a bad serve; this can only be done before the ball is The person who is nearest to the ball is the one that has to hit Failure to do so results in them being Players can step out of the way of the ball if there is someone behind them, thus making the person behind them responsible for hitting the If two players begin to claim the other person was nearer to the ball then both players are The ball is sometimes aimed at other players because they are out if the ball hits If the ball hits the joining of the wall and floor (a '50/50') players can call for the round to start Playing StyleThe game is played differently to the way the rules would The playing style is fast and furious and when well-played the ball is hit very hard and low to the ground three or four meters away from the Playing occasionally changes to the ball being hit very softy close to the wall requiring players to be very close to the wall; this is generally used tactically as players can then hit the ball hard so that it shoots off almost parallel to the wall catching out people who had not been playing close to the This tactic generally only last a round or part of one as it is considered VariationsThere are a few variations of the game although they are played with less frequency than the main 'Stings' is played exactly the same as the normal game except at the end of a game the first person has to stand against the wall while the winner gets one shoot against them with the '3D' wally is generally played in corridors or classrooms, in this variant of the game 2 or 3 walls are used as well as the
发起全民足球运动，让足球和篮球，乒乓一样在校园里流行起来