Expression of dominant-negative versions of both cAMP response element-binding protein and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein blocked the glucose response of the proximal region in a dose-dependent mannerdominant-negative版本的表达两个营和CAAT磷酸腺苷反应要素结合蛋白质/ enhancer-binding蛋白质堵住了葡萄糖响应的地区近端”的态度
用有道翻译，翻译过来是肺的移植(升高)(单人或双人)是一个选择一个更数量有限的病人,以高度的肺功能受损后,血碳酸过多症和二次肺高血压。尽管进步在过去的25年里,短期和长期的--term肺移植的结果并不好像其它固体器官[56个,57]。肺功能改善,但运动能力还可以是有限的,由于周边肌肉功能障碍[58]。肺部复原进一步改善锻炼和生命质量,在肝移植后(59)。根据国际社会对心脏病和肺病的反式-种植园的注册表对肺气肿的生存在一年的85%,在三年是68%,signi -ficant并发症还削弱生存[60]。
5(GDF-5生长分化因子)GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis,成长,图案的发展脊椎动物骨架。它被表达在发展interzone关节。会员GDF-5转变的生长因素TGF_ -科的信号分子)参与关节软骨开发、维护、与再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞分化和刺激蛋白多糖的合成。GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism)制定指间手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)。angel-shaped epiphyseal GDF5引起的突变不典型增生的癌前期病变,其特点是影响食欲办公髋部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育不良,和hypodontia。phalangeal缩短中间angel-shaped epiphyseal发育不全是相似的brachydactyly中观察到C,这个观察导致识别这个实体GDF5的突变。杂合GDF5也会引起的突变brachydactyly C类,其特点是短的中间第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5突变导致的嘴上Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性的推动GDF5的影响(表3)被认为预测对髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人群。结果的敏感性,降低了多态性转录chondrogenic细胞的活动。Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)小精灵基因是广东成员的家庭参与细胞生长分化与初步鉴定为有一个可能的角色对癌症的控制(36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型,成熟、和功能。只有WISP3是众所周知的伴随着人类疾病。分泌WISP-3是一个蛋白质表达synoviocytes和软骨细胞和人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。隐性WISP3突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasiapseudorheumatoid称为进步。关节病没有。#童年(遗传208230)。受到影响的个人现在的年龄在3年,8年进步的小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,和减少机动性。还没有临床证据炎症。揭示了骨骼影像学特点结果表明:spondyloepiphyseal platyspondyly,megaepiphyses,和扩大趾骨天涯海角。射线trigonum巨型的示范操作系统能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。最近,WISP3多态性相已被证实授予对佳(表3)。一个特定的多态性在Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3、有关联的OA易感基因(表3)。Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) 5(GDF-5生长分化因子)GDF-5 acts as a signal for chondrogenesis, GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis,growth, and patterning of the developing vertebrate 成长,图案的发展脊椎动物 It is expressed in the interzone of developing 骨架。它被表达在发展 GDF-5 is a member of the transforming growth 关节。会员GDF-5转变的生长factor _ (TGF_) superfamily of signaling molecules and 因素TGF_ -科的信号分子)is involved in articular cartilage development, maintenance, 参与关节软骨开发、维护、and regeneration (34) GDF-5 promotes chondrocyte 与再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞differentiation and stimulates proteoglycan 分化和刺激蛋白多糖的合成。GDF5_/_ mice (brachypodism) develop GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism)制定interphalangeal wrist and ankle joint defects (34) 指间手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)。Mutations in GDF5 cause angel-shaped epiphyseal angel-shaped epiphyseal GDF5引起的突变dysplasia, characterized by early-onset OA affecting 不典型增生的癌前期病变,其特点是影响食欲办公the hip and hand joints (OMIM 105835) Individuals 髋部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人present with short stature, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, 现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育不良,and The middle phalangeal shortening in 和hypodontia。phalangeal缩短中间angel-shaped epiphyseal dysplasia is similar to that angel-shaped epiphyseal发育不全是相似的observed in brachydactyly C, and this observation led to brachydactyly中观察到C,这个观察导致the identification of GDF5 mutations in this 识别这个实体GDF5的突变。Heterozygous mutations in GDF5 also cause 杂合GDF5也会引起的突变brachydactyly type C, characterized by short middle brachydactyly C类,其特点是短的中间phalanges and the first metacarpal joints (35) Homozygous 第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5 mutations give rise to the Grebe and GDF5突变导致的嘴上Hunter-Thompson forms of acromesomelic skeletal dys- plasias and Du Pan dysplasia (35) Polymorphisms in the Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性的promoter of GDF5 (Table 3) are thought to predict 推动GDF5的影响(表3)被认为预测susceptibility to hip and knee OA in Asian 对髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人群。The susceptibility polymorphism results in reduced transcriptional 结果的敏感性,降低了多态性转录activity in chondrogenic chondrogenic细胞的活动。Wnt-induced signaling protein 3 (WISP-3) Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)The WISP genes are members of the CCN family 小精灵基因是广东成员的家庭involved in cell growth and differentiation and were 参与细胞生长分化与initially identified as having a possible role in cancer 初步鉴定为有一个可能的角色对癌症的控制(36) Wnt signaling regulates chondrocyte phenotype, (36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型,maturation, and Only WISP3 is known to be 成熟、和功能。只有WISP3是众所周知的associated with human WISP-3 is a secreted 伴随着人类疾病。分泌WISP-3是一个protein expressed by synoviocytes and chondrocytes and 蛋白质表达synoviocytes和软骨细胞和is essential for human cartilage Recessive 人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。隐性mutations in WISP3 cause a mild chondrodysplasia WISP3突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasiacalled progressive pseudorheumatoid arthropathy of pseudorheumatoid称为进步。关节病childhood (OMIM #208230) Affected individuals 没有。#童年(遗传208230)。受到影响的个人present between the ages of 3 years and 8 years, with 现在的年龄在3年,8年progressive small and large joint polyarthritis, stiffness, 进步的小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,and decreased There is no clinical evidence of 和减少机动性。还没有临床证据 Skeletal radiographs reveal the characteristic 炎症。揭示了骨骼影像学特点spondyloepiphyseal findings: platyspondyly, megaepiphyses, 结果表明:spondyloepiphyseal platyspondyly,megaepiphyses,and expansion of the ends of the 和扩大趾骨天涯海角。The radiographic demonstration of a mega os trigonum 射线trigonum巨型的示范操作系统can differentiate this entity from rheumatoid 能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。Recently, polymorphisms in WISP3 have been shown to 最近,WISP3多态性相已被证实confer susceptibility to JIA (Table 3) A specific polymorphism 授予对佳(表3)。一个特定的多态性in the Wnt antagonist, Frizzled-related protein 在Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3, has also been linked as an OA susceptibility gene 3、有关联的OA易感基因(Table 3) (表3)。谢谢，如果不对的话请在线回给我，我去找找看，谢谢 不是goggle呃
医学人文英语教程答案Unit History of medicineKeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given Change the form where necessary, and payattention to the tense, voice and collocations of the is credited with; are sometimes referred to as; was supposed to; were espoused by; in addition to; was attributed to; categorize; is given credit for; Sentence Simulation（略）Translate the following sentences into EHippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodily fluidsin itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads todifferent In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studiedmedicine under his father from his early Ancient Greek medicine was a field restricted by religious superstition where wizards cureddiseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of humantemperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath onmedical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physicianrevered as "father of medicine” in the WAs the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate the code of ethics thatdoctors are required to comply Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practicehave exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have Four traditional examination methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and ①TCM②thefundamentalsofTCMremainlargelyunchangedanditstheoriesinexplicable to ①the methodological quality of trials is ②Most of these trials are published in Chinese,inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic ③Selective publicationof positive trials is another All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (two opposite, complementary,interdependent, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of fivebasicelements(wood,fire,earth,metal,andwater),andtheuniversewasconstantlychangingtowards dynamic balance or Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the organismand Yang to There is a circulation of Qi (energy) and The organs work togetherby regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and Diseaseoccurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the organs causedby pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy, lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold) Treatmentaims to expel or suppress the cause and restore Unit 2Health professionals for a new centuryText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given Change the form where kept pace In view unterTranslate the following sentences into EMedical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a comprehensive discipline ofhumanities, social sciences and Science and technology development, along with social progress, has put forward higherdemands and greater challenges on higher medical Medical education is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as wellas a comparatively high cost and a long training It is the main task of medical schools to train good doctors needed by the The objective of clinical medical education is to train capable and well qualified academicdoctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students' initiative andenthusiasm to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and In spite of its great progress, our country’s medical education still fails to keep pace withsocial progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and Translate the following passage/sentence into C过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。第一个时代始于20世纪初，注重教授科学课程。大约于20世纪中期，第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。现在，我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革，通过调整核心专业技能使其适应特定环境，同时借鉴国际化知识，从而提升医疗体系的性能。迁移学习是一种重要成果，其包含了三个基本的转变：从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策；从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗体系里有效的团队协作；还有，从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整体资源的创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献，然而，自满只会让人们继续徒劳地采用20世纪的教育策略，而无法应对21世纪的挑战。Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have Because it is crucial to tackle the obstacles of the 21st The outcome-based core curriculum has served as a framework in many countries, and can beadjusted for specific local needs as postulated by the Studentsparticipateinaninternationalforumwhichbringstogetherstudentsofmedicine,nursing,pharmacy,andalliedhealthprofessions(namely,theWorldHealthcareStudentsSymposium) The benefits of the annual World Healthcare Students Symposia are for studentstolearntounderstandthedifferentprofessionsanddiscussthebestwaysofeffectiveandfruitful TAccordingtotheauthors,studentsfromlow-income countries with a lack of resources can especially benefit from such initiatives asthe website Health Sciences Online, although such free initiatives should not counteract theproposal to focus development assistance more strongly on health professionals’ YStudentinitiativeshavetackledclimatechange,migranthealth,andotherissuesofglobal and national Overall,medicalstudentsworldwidehavebeenplayinganactiveroleinimplementingtherecommendations of the Global Commission mainly by developing their own outcome-basedcorecurriculaandlaunchinganinternationalforumwhichbringstogetherstudentsofmedicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, among other
用专业术语进行义译，
5(GDF-5生长分化因子) GDF-5充当信号,为软骨形成, 成长,图案的发展脊椎动物 骨架。它被表达在发展interzone 关节。会员GDF-5转变的生长 因素TGF_ -科的信号分子) 参与关节软骨开发、维护、 与再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞 分化和刺激蛋白多糖的合成。 GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism)制定 指间手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)。 天使形状的闹上体 气体动力设备5引起的突变 不典型增生的癌前期病变,其特点是影响食欲办公 髋部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人 现在与身材矮小,多脑上体发育不良, 和缺牙。趾骨缩短中间 天使形状 脑上体的发育不全是相似的 观察
5(GDF-5生长分化因子)GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis,成长,图案的发展脊椎动物骨架。它被表达在发展interzone关节。会员GDF-5转变的生长因素TGF_ -科的信号分子)参与关节软骨开发、维护、与再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞分化和刺激蛋白多糖的合成。GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism)制定指间手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)。angel-shaped epiphyseal GDF5引起的突变不典型增生的癌前期病变,其特点是影响食欲办公髋部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育不良,和hypodontia。phalangeal缩短中间angel-shaped epiphyseal发育不全是相似的brachydactyly中观察到C,这个观察导致识别这个实体GDF5的突变。杂合GDF5也会引起的突变brachydactyly C类,其特点是短的中间第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5突变导致的嘴上Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性的推动GDF5的影响(表3)被认为预测对髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人群。结果的敏感性,降低了多态性转录chondrogenic细胞的活动。Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)小精灵基因是广东成员的家庭参与细胞生长分化与初步鉴定为有一个可能的角色对癌症的控制(36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型,成熟、和功能。只有WISP3是众所周知的伴随着人类疾病。分泌WISP-3是一个蛋白质表达synoviocytes和软骨细胞和人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。隐性WISP3突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasiapseudorheumatoid称为进步。关节病没有。#童年(遗传208230)。受到影响的个人现在的年龄在3年,8年进步的小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,和减少机动性。还没有临床证据炎症。揭示了骨骼影像学特点结果表明:spondyloepiphyseal platyspondyly,megaepiphyses,和扩大趾骨天涯海角。射线trigonum巨型的示范操作系统能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。最近,WISP3多态性相已被证实授予对佳(表3)。一个特定的多态性在Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3、有关联的OA易感基因(表3)。Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) 5(GDF-5生长分化因子)GDF-5 acts as a signal for chondrogenesis, GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis,growth, and patterning of the developing vertebrate 成长,图案的发展脊椎动物 It is expressed in the interzone of developing 骨架。它被表达在发展 GDF-5 is a member of the transforming growth 关节。会员GDF-5转变的生长factor _ (TGF_) superfamily of signaling molecules and 因素TGF_ -科的信号分子)is involved in articular cartilage development, maintenance, 参与关节软骨开发、维护、and regeneration (34) GDF-5 promotes chondrocyte 与再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞differentiation and stimulates proteoglycan 分化和刺激蛋白多糖的合成。GDF5_/_ mice (brachypodism) develop GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism)制定interphalangeal wrist and ankle joint defects (34) 指间手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)。Mutations in GDF5 cause angel-shaped epiphyseal angel-shaped epiphyseal GDF5引起的突变dysplasia, characterized by early-onset OA affecting 不典型增生的癌前期病变,其特点是影响食欲办公the hip and hand joints (OMIM 105835) Individuals 髋部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人present with short stature, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, 现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育不良,and The middle phalangeal shortening in 和hypodontia。phalangeal缩短中间angel-shaped epiphyseal dysplasia is similar to that angel-shaped epiphyseal发育不全是相似的observed in brachydactyly C, and this observation led to brachydactyly中观察到C,这个观察导致the identification of GDF5 mutations in this 识别这个实体GDF5的突变。Heterozygous mutations in GDF5 also cause 杂合GDF5也会引起的突变brachydactyly type C, characterized by short middle brachydactyly C类,其特点是短的中间phalanges and the first metacarpal joints (35) Homozygous 第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5 mutations give rise to the Grebe and GDF5突变导致的嘴上Hunter-Thompson forms of acromesomelic skeletal dys- plasias and Du Pan dysplasia (35) Polymorphisms in the Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性的promoter of GDF5 (Table 3) are thought to predict 推动GDF5的影响(表3)被认为预测susceptibility to hip and knee OA in Asian 对髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人群。The susceptibility polymorphism results in reduced transcriptional 结果的敏感性,降低了多态性转录activity in chondrogenic chondrogenic细胞的活动。Wnt-induced signaling protein 3 (WISP-3) Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)The WISP genes are members of the CCN family 小精灵基因是广东成员的家庭involved in cell growth and differentiation and were 参与细胞生长分化与initially identified as having a possible role in cancer 初步鉴定为有一个可能的角色对癌症的控制(36) Wnt signaling regulates chondrocyte phenotype, (36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型,maturation, and Only WISP3 is known to be 成熟、和功能。只有WISP3是众所周知的associated with human WISP-3 is a secreted 伴随着人类疾病。分泌WISP-3是一个protein expressed by synoviocytes and chondrocytes and 蛋白质表达synoviocytes和软骨细胞和is essential for human cartilage Recessive 人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。隐性mutations in WISP3 cause a mild chondrodysplasia WISP3突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasiacalled progressive pseudorheumatoid arthropathy of pseudorheumatoid称为进步。关节病childhood (OMIM #208230) Affected individuals 没有。#童年(遗传208230)。受到影响的个人present between the ages of 3 years and 8 years, with 现在的年龄在3年,8年progressive small and large joint polyarthritis, stiffness, 进步的小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,and decreased There is no clinical evidence of 和减少机动性。还没有临床证据 Skeletal radiographs reveal the characteristic 炎症。揭示了骨骼影像学特点spondyloepiphyseal findings: platyspondyly, megaepiphyses, 结果表明:spondyloepiphyseal platyspondyly,megaepiphyses,and expansion of the ends of the 和扩大趾骨天涯海角。The radiographic demonstration of a mega os trigonum 射线trigonum巨型的示范操作系统can differentiate this entity from rheumatoid 能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。Recently, polymorphisms in WISP3 have been shown to 最近,WISP3多态性相已被证实confer susceptibility to JIA (Table 3) A specific polymorphism 授予对佳(表3)。一个特定的多态性in the Wnt antagonist, Frizzled-related protein 在Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3, has also been linked as an OA susceptibility gene 3、有关联的OA易感基因(Table 3) (表3)。谢谢，如果不对的话请在线回给我，我去找找看，谢谢 不是goggle呃
5(GDF-5生长分化因素)GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis、成长的发展模式vertebrateskeleton。它被表达在发展interzone关节。会员GDF-5转化生长因子TGF_)-科的信号分子,参与关节软骨开发、维护、及再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞分化和刺激蛋白多糖合成GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism指间建立手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)Mutations GDF5引起angel-shaped epiphyseal在办公具有发育不良,影响食欲臀部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育障碍,hypodontia。在angel-shaped中间phalangeal缩短epiphyseal发育不全是类似于brachydactyly中观察到C,以及这个观察导致GDF5的识别这个实体的突变杂合的突变brachydactyly GDF5也会引起C类,其特点是短的中间第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5突变导致的嘴上和Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性相GDF5的发起者(表3)也被认为对预测髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人口结果的敏感性,降低了在transcriptionalactivity多态性chondrogenic细胞。Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)小精灵基因是家庭成员的成员在广东细胞生长分化与最初被发现有一种癌症中可能的作用(36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型、成熟、和功能。只有WISP3被视为伴随着人类疾病。WISP-3是synoviocytes分泌蛋白表达了和软骨细胞和人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。WISP3隐性突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasia称为进步的pseudorheumatoid撕裂。hildhood(遗传208230号)。现在受到影响的个人年龄在3年,8年,进行性小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,并减少机动性。没有临床证据的炎症。揭示了spondyloepiphyseal骨骼影像学特点,megaepiphyses发现:platyspondyly,以及扩展的两端趾骨射线巨型的示范操作系统trigonum能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。最近,多态性相已经被证明WISP3颁授对佳(表3)。一个特定的多形性Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3,目前也被媒体作为OA易感基因的影响(表3)。
第一段：当肺炎这个词被用在医学实践中，它最长指的是一种急性的反应，常见地细菌造成的综合征，它的特点是一半或一侧肺或两侧肺的临床的和/或放射照相的征象的实变。常用的这个词意然而已经很大程度上延伸到被各种各样的微生物造成的包括非细菌性的肺部的感染。肺炎也偶尔被用作是肺炎的一个同义词，特别的当炎症的肺由非感染因素造成比如化学或射线伤害。第二段：从实际目的出发，肺炎的分类应当既依解剖学部位，又指明病因：前者使用描绘性词语表达肺（一侧肺或左右两侧）病程的发展程度和分布，后者指明涉及的微生物。考虑到，作为最初的原因，肺炎感染的原因被认为是否是社区或者是医院的感染是不被知道的。它也被有帮助的认为是否肺炎也许能由咽部吸入造成和是否或不是发生在免疫力下降的宿主身上。第三段：从解剖学上肺炎习惯表明是否包括一个或更多进入肺叶或是否被限制在一节段或多节段的过程。在涉及面及小时，肺炎也许是节段的。对解剖部位的描述在实际中完全依赖胸透，（它透过X光检查）所显示的肺炎过程比体检所得到的的估计更准确。早期的诊断医生通过病理学组织在支气管肺炎和小叶性肺炎中分辨。支气管肺炎被认为是支气管在炎症性的过程被一小部分或中端的气管和肺叶对向它限制的并发症，因此是肺叶的交替性肺炎。小叶性肺炎，在另一方面，频繁地从头发生和特征是一种炎症性的外流或液体渗出物填充经过一叶或多叶肺。第四段;作为补充的是小叶肺炎被认为是在临床和放射上表现的融合性实变出现在一部分或一肺叶或两个肺。组织离段型肺炎被认为是合并不扩张的大多肺叶但是和解剖学上的支气管肺段在一侧或两侧更紧密。当X光阴影的区域出现更多的小的阴影，压迫性肺炎是一个适当的可描述的组织，虽然这仍是暗指一个融合的和局限的过程。如果显示亚段病变的阴影呈零星状（非融合的），散布于一肺或左右肺的一部分或全部，很难定位，则仍可以使用支气管肺炎。第五段：这种解剖学上的肺炎分类是完全的但是有用的是病因的分类，确定被认为很有价值的可能性大的原因是有传染性的因素，{老师课件}因为除了通常引起大叶性肺炎链球菌，其他微生物也可以引起大叶性肺炎，其他以解剖学分类的肺炎也如此，（所以解剖学分类是对病因性分类的补充，在确定可能引起肺炎的感染因子方面作用有限。）因为如果不了解致病菌的种类，一些本来可以康复的患者就不能康复，因此，要尽可能确定每个患者的病原，以使有针对性的选择特定的抗菌治疗。第六段;仅仅被猜到的组织原因当病人第一次见到和被认为区分是否是通过社区或是医院所感染的区别，作为感染组织不同的原因。医院获得性肺炎是一种特殊的问题在术后病人和在ICU治疗中的病人，后者的这些人有很高的易感染的机会通过呼吸道感染。不用类型的致病体发现在医院环境中的部分原因是那些患有严重疾病的人改变了免疫活性能力，部分细菌体的改变是由于抗生素的治疗和一部分器械使用或插管用于病人身上。因此医源性的感染更多的常见原因是有氧的革兰氏阴性杆菌和球菌的获得远远比在社区获得的多。
第一科1如何写私人信件2礼貌：关键是一个快乐的世界3单元星期日在公园两个4野心5人力情报不是我们认为这是6 Kratylus自动化他Urnworks第三单元7父与子八阿干净，明亮的地方9罗伯特弗罗斯特的收藏诗单元四10月对职业发展趋势的21毛毯15世纪11再思考关于信息高速公路12遥控外科单位五名13是如何感觉是失去工作14爸爸卷起的一银勺单位6个16的时间来计划你的生活17妇女在教育18胜利者本能装置闻19字面20即将语言意识从21镗内：单位散文艺术的新生第八22 23灭火与消防悲情的亨特24禁止吸烟
dominant-negative版本的表达两个营和CAAT磷酸腺苷反应要素结合蛋白质/ enhancer-binding蛋白质堵住了葡萄糖响应的地区近端”的态度。
5(GDF-5生长分化因素)GDF-5充当信号,为chondrogenesis、成长的发展模式vertebrateskeleton。它被表达在发展interzone关节。会员GDF-5转化生长因子TGF_)-科的信号分子,参与关节软骨开发、维护、及再生(34)。GDF-5促进骨软骨细胞分化和刺激蛋白多糖合成GDF5_ / _老鼠(brachypodism指间建立手腕和踝关节缺陷(34)Mutations GDF5引起angel-shaped epiphyseal在办公具有发育不良,影响食欲臀部和手关节(遗传105835号)。个人现在与身材矮小,多epiphyseal发育障碍,hypodontia。在angel-shaped中间phalangeal缩短epiphyseal发育不全是类似于brachydactyly中观察到C,以及这个观察导致GDF5的识别这个实体的突变杂合的突变brachydactyly GDF5也会引起C类,其特点是短的中间第一趾骨逆行掌骨近端关节(35)。纯合子的GDF5突变导致的嘴上和Hunter-Thompson形式的acromesomelic骨骼dys - plasias、杜二盘不典型增生的癌前期病变(35)。多态性相GDF5的发起者(表3)也被认为对预测髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎在亚洲人口结果的敏感性,降低了在transcriptionalactivity多态性chondrogenic细胞。Wnt-induced信号蛋白3(WISP-3)小精灵基因是家庭成员的成员在广东细胞生长分化与最初被发现有一种癌症中可能的作用(36)。Wnt信号调节软骨细胞表型、成熟、和功能。只有WISP3被视为伴随着人类疾病。WISP-3是synoviocytes分泌蛋白表达了和软骨细胞和人类是非常必要的软骨的完整性。WISP3隐性突变造成轻微的chondrodysplasia称为进步的pseudorheumatoid撕裂。hildhood(遗传208230号)。现在受到影响的个人年龄在3年,8年,进行性小型和大型联合polyarthritis、刚度,并减少机动性。没有临床证据的炎症。揭示了spondyloepiphyseal骨骼影像学特点,megaepiphyses发现:platyspondyly,以及扩展的两端趾骨射线巨型的示范操作系统trigonum能鉴别这个实体类风湿性关节炎。最近,多态性相已经被证明WISP3颁授对佳(表3)。一个特定的多形性Wnt拮抗剂,Frizzled-related蛋白质3,目前也被媒体作为OA易感基因的影响(表3)。
Subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a group to become the main causes, small in subcortical multiple lacunar infarction and cerebral white matter lesions as main brain damage of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, is the most common vascular cognitive impairment of SIVD can cause gait obstacles, such as Parkinson's appearance, all lose tonal gait gait, walking instability or without apparent cause of frequent fall, a study showed that abnormal gait might be early vascular This paper will SIVD gait obstacles in pathological mechanism, gait types, gait obstacles and cognitive impairment of the relationship, gait obstacles analysis and evaluation,
Section A 图片原文：你长大以后打算做什么？我打算成为一名计算机程序设计员。那你打算怎样去做呢？我打算学习计算机科学。 1a 计算机程序设计员 厨师 医生 工程师 教师 小提琴手 公共汽车司机 飞行员 钢琴家 篮球运动员 科学家 演员 1c 你长大以后打算做什么？我打算成为一名篮球运动员。那你打算怎样去做呢？我打算每天练习篮球。 2b 安迪：你在读什么，肯？肯：海明威的《老人与海》。安迪：哇，现在我知道为什么你如此擅长写故事啦。肯：是的，我想成为一名作家。安迪：真的吗？你打算怎样成为一名作家呢？肯：哦，当然我要坚持不懈地写作。你想做什么呢？安迪：我父母想让我成为一名医生，但是我对此没有把握。肯：哦，不要担心。不是每个人都知道自己要做什么。保证尽自己的最大努力。然后你就能够成就你想做的！安迪：是的，你说得对。 Grammar Focus 你长大以后打算做什么？我想成为一名工程师。你打算怎样去做呢？我打算努力学习数学。你打算去哪儿工作？我打算去上海。你打算什么时候开始呢？我打算上完中学和大学时开始。 3a 我的朋友想成为一名工程师。我的哥哥想成为一名演员。我想成为一名科学家。我的姐姐想成为一名教师。那些男孩想成为足球运动员。我和我的朋友想成为歌手。我的表哥想成为一名厨师。我想成为一名赛车手。他们打算每天练习。我打算买一辆速度快的车。我们打算上歌唱课。她打算学习教育。她打算学习数学。我打算学习科学。他打算去烹饪学校上学。他打算上表演课。 3b 凯莉，长大后你想做什么？我想成为一名医生。哇！那你打算怎样去做呢？我打算在大学里学习医学。哦-----听上去有点困难。你打算去哪里学习？我打算去伦敦学习。你打算什么时候开始？我打算明年九月份开始。 3c 长大后你想做什么？我想成为一名记者。那你打算怎样去做呢？我打算写些文章并把它们寄给杂志社和报社。 Section B 1a 新年时下的决心 明年，我打算：学会弹钢琴 组建足球队 取得好成绩 吃更有益于健康的食品 多锻炼 1b 明年你打算做什么？哦，我打算上吉他课。我真的热爱音乐。听起来很有趣。我打算学另一门外语。真的吗？太棒了！但是外语不适合我。 1e 我想成为一名教师。那你打算怎样做呢？哦，我打算努力学习并取得好成绩。听起来像个好计划。我想多锻炼。 2a 去年你下决心了吗？你能坚持执行它们吗？为什么或为什么不？ 2b 你知道决心是什么吗？它是一种承诺。大多数时候 ，我们向他人承诺。（“妈妈，我保证我从学校回来时整理我的房间。”）可是，你对自己许下的承诺就叫做决心，而且最普通的一种是新年时下的决心。 我们在一年的开头下决心时，我们希望会改善我们的生活。一些人写下来年的决心和计划。这会帮助他们记住他们的决心。其他人把有关他们的愿望和计划告诉他们的家人和朋友。决心有不同的类型。一些是有关身体健康的。例如，一些人保证自己将启动一个锻炼项目或少吃快餐。许多决心与自我提高有关。 一些人可能说他们要培养一种爱好，比如画画或照相，或学习弹吉他。一些决心是关于制订更好的计划的，比如为学校作业制订周计划。 虽然有不同之处，但是多数决心有一个共同之处。人们几乎不能将它们坚持下去！ 有时是决心太难执行。有时只是人们将它们忘了。鉴于这个原因，一些人说最好的决心是没有下决心！你呢----你将为明年
Life in the futureIn 20 years, our lives will be It will be comfortable and In the school, there will be computers on everyone’s We can use it to do our homework, send We can send our homework to our teacher by Also, we can study at And we can play lots of computer games In our home, we will have many beautiful In my room, I will have a big and comfortable I will have a small and light I will have a new and small cell I can call my friends I will have lots of interesting In 20 years, I will find a good job, I can get much money a I will go shopping and do sports every I will have a new It can do much dull and heavy work, so I will have lots of free I’m sure I will have an interesting
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