Paper指的是文章，可以是普通文章，也可以学术文章。Thesis就表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。Dissertation只是非常正式，古典的英语。应用的很少了，现在一般专指博士论文，或者研究所的重大研究项目报告
phones may not open the link
国内一些较好的杂志，现在附了英文题目和摘要，目的是让国外读者也能了解论文写作的大概内容。摘要要说明本文的研究动机、类型、贡献和实验结果，各用一句话说 明。一般都introduce某个概念，present某个方法，propose某个主意，或者provide某个系统的描述。很少用bring out, discuss, analyze等这样的动词。我发现，我们论文写作摘要喜欢写得模糊一点。你说它错吧，它不错；你说它对吧，又不知所云。写英文不能这样写。尽可能直来直去。一 般来说，只要中文摘要写得好，英文没有语法错，应该问题不大。 写英文的文章对我们母语是汉语的人来说，比较困难。我虽然已经发表了125篇英文文章，但是，实际上我还是写不好。听、说、读、写，写是最困难的。不过， 我觉得我在斯坦福大学的训练对我帮助很大。麦克劳斯基教授的研究组出文章是有严格手续的。先要把想法向他汇报，如果他认为尚可，就下周到讨论班上报告，听 取意见。然后自己写。写好以后，交给他指定的一位博士生修改。然后送给他的Research Associate修改定稿，最后由他过目，才能投出去。不像我们现在有些学生，离截稿日期只有一周，甚至几天，还让我帮他修改，这当然几乎不可能，投出 去的文章就可能英文错误百出，实在不行只好拒绝。记得我在论文中用到circuit on gate level。这位博士生认为不对，应该用at gate level。我不服，他说你到人家论文上去找例子，看有谁用on。我找不到，这事给我很深的印象。on,in,at这些前置词的使用，必须特别小心。我们 英文写不好，就尽量用简单句，不要用很复杂的带许多从句的长句子。你的目的是让人家看懂。你几乎不可能用精彩的文笔取胜，要靠你的技术内容。你觉得很得意 的句子，可能常常是人家看不懂的句子。对于第一次写英文文章的同学，我还是建议先写中文稿，至少写中文提纲，然后再写英文稿。当然，英文稿并不需要是中文 稿的译文。等你写了若干篇，基本上可以用英文思考了，再直接写英文稿。下面提几点我经常看到的毛病，供大家参考。好像在网上专门有文章，列出我们常犯的一 些错误。我这里写得当然不全，但我有研究生论文的例子。 1。不能用and或数字作为句子的开头。 2。如果不用复数，必须用a或an。用the必须有明确的特指的名词。用it必须有所指。 3。逗号后面要空一格，句号后面空两格。少用;，：等标点符号。不要一逗到底。只要是一个句子就要用句号。我们中国人喜欢把if放在句子的前面，这当然也不是不可以。但是按照他们的习惯，先说结论，接着是if如何如何。 4。and前后应该并列。一般不能前面是一个名词，后面却是一个动名词短语，中间用and。5。Chinglish要防止，例如，。。。has very important 6。论文中尽量少用第一人称。论文基本用一般现在时，即使引用人家的文章也用现在时，不用现在完成时或过去时。 7。不要滥用缩写，尤其不要自造。除非非常常用的缩写，第一次出现时要有说明。题目中最好不用缩写。 以上内容来自辑文编译
人见人爱 花见花开
phones may not open the link
高考英语作文常用写作句式句型汇总一．开头用语：良好的开端等于成功的一半．在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。 1．议论论文： A Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages．B Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more C When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of However,D Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the E As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily F Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of 书信：A I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting B I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the C Thank you for your letter of May D How happy I am to receive your letter of January E How nice to hear from you 口头通知或介绍情况：A Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, I have an announcement to B Attention, I have something important to tell C M Green, Welcome to our To begin with, let me introduce M Wang to 演讲稿：A Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and HB Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished 二．并列用语：as well as, not only…but (also), including,A Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily B All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the C He speaks French as well as E=He speaks English, and French as =He speaks not only English but also F D E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily 三．对比用语：on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to , though, for one thing ;for another, neverthelessA I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid B It is hard work; I enjoy it C Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be 四 递进用语：even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse A The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad 五 例证用语：in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely A As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．B There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of 六 时序用语：first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time, in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,A They will be here Meanwhile, let’s have B Firstly, let me deal with the most important 七 强调用语：especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on , not at all , A Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to B What in the world/on earth are you doing? 八 因果用语：thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help , owe A The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export B As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance E 九 总结用语：in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all A Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending B In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being 常用句型（一）段首句 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…… 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。Nowadays，it is common to …… Many people like …… because …… Besides，…… 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to Some people say that ……To them,…… 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that…… Obviously，……but why? （二）中间段落句 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say…… 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ……For example，……Worst of all，…… ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and First，……What's more, ……Most important of all,…… 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。There are several measures for us to First, we can…… 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…… For one thing，For another， 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about For ……In ……All these measures will certainly…… 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is……For all this, the main cause of ……use to …… 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as …… 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ……because……（三）结尾句 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some I think that …… 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…… But ……and……have heir own For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…… 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because…… 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ……So it's urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…… 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as First ……second …… Last but not least,…… 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of……however, from a personal point of view find…… 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…… 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is 常用句型：开头： When it comes to , some think There is a public debate today that A is a commen way of , but is it a wise one? Recentaly the problem has been brought into 提出观点： Now there is a growing awareness It is time we explore the truth of Nowhere in history has the issue been more 进一步提出观点： but that is only part of the Another equally important aspect is A is but one of the many Another is Besides, other reasons 提出假想例子的方式： Suppose Just imagine what would be like It is reasonable to It is not surprising 举普通例子： For example(instance), such as A,B,C and so on (so forth) A good case in point A particular example for this 引用： One of the greatest early writers said "Knowledge is power", such is the reward of "" That is how sb comment ( criticize/ ) "" How often we hear such words like 讲故事 （先说故事主体），this story is not , such delimma we often meet in daily , the story still has a realistic 提出原因： There are many reasons for Why , for one thing, The answer to this problem involves many Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves The first reason can be obiviously Most people would agree Some people may neglect that in fact Others suggest Part of the explanation is 进行对比： The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages Although A enjoys a distinct advantage Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is A maybe , but it suffers from the disadvantage 承上启下： To understand the truth of , it is also important to A study of will make this point clear 让步： Certainly, B has its own advantages, such I do not deny that A has its own 结尾： From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that In summary, it is wiser In 希望能帮上你，建议你保存好，经常背诵。
from my point of view
论文写作当中，大家经常会遇到一个常见错误，那就是将that或which混用。虽然事情不大，但是造成的后果却不小。that或which混用的文章倘若发表在学术刊物上，会造成外界对刊物的质疑，导致一系列纠纷、诋毁，以及对期刊不利的负面消息产生。因此，为了尽可能规避这种风险，编辑一般都会非常重视作者that或which的应用，排查得非常细。倘若被发现类似的词语使用不当，便立刻会被编辑退稿。词汇混用的背后，往往暴露出的是英语功底的不扎实。而学术期刊又怎么会用英语功底不扎实的作者的文章呢？——因此，就算我们的英语功底不好，在期刊投稿的时候，也要给编辑一个好印象。这里推荐英语功底较差的写作者接受爱思唯尔（Elsevier）英语论文润色服务，让专业人士对论文进行润色，避免这种词类混淆的事情产生。
学术词汇(academic vocabulary)：指常出现在各学科学术文章中的词汇，例如propose，significant，analyze 等， 它们可包括学术论文中8%到10%的词汇（Coxhead，2000）。 当我们把一个词叫做“学术词”时，并不是它只为有学问的人所使用，而意味着它在英语词汇中的出现是由于书籍和文学的培养，而不是日常谈话的实际需要 学术词汇因行业不同，同样的英语单词翻译成中文意思就差别很大。 如：日常用法可能大家都把“服务”译为：serve。在餐厅，服务员“上菜”叫：serve；在球类活动中，“发球”译成;serve。
英文学术性词汇 是术语 英文 terms 仅在特殊领域使用。
选择章节标题后，右键-段落-大纲级别设置成一级标题或二级标题。A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字,加粗）,依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗；单倍行距）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“；”隔开,分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距）（正文章节序号编制，章的编号：,,,…；节的编号：1,2…,1,2…；小节的编号为：1,2…小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如（i）,（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号,如(a),(b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号）扩展资料英语论文题名方法①英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语最常见，即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和（或）后置定语构成；短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。②一般不要用陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义，且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况（评述性、综述性和驳斥性）下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。③同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。④国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制，有的规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；有的要求题名不超过14个词。这些规定可供我们参考。⑤在论文的英文题名中。凡可用可不用的冠词均不用。参考资料：百度百科-论文格式
学术词汇(academic vocabulary)：指常出现在各学科学术文章中的词汇，例如propose，significant，analyze 等， 它们可包括学术论文中8%到10%的词汇（Coxhead，2000）。 当我们把一个词叫做“学术词”时，并不是它只为有学问的人所使用，而意味着它在英语词汇中的出现是由于书籍和文学的培养，而不是日常谈话的实际需要 学术词汇因行业不同，同样的英语单词翻译成中文意思就差别很大。 如：日常用法可能大家都把“服务”译为：serve。在餐厅，服务员“上菜”叫：serve；在球类活动中，“发球”译成;serve。
听我说,论文,用语要严格使用同词汇于频繁,令文章显烦he USAthe States都America更加口语化,代表文章能用,我说两用,都比较式说
就是平时不怎么用，一般出现在学术论文中等的专业性词语，比如(Tourette's syndrome)多发性抽动症
百度搜索lunwendashi 我知道你要资料的
有，但是这方面的资料一般很少。有的大学有专门的校内网站能查到，但是在外面查不到。