英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
1.It goes without saying that…不言而喻…
2.It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
4.It has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
5.It's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
4.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
英语论文开头怎么写
英语论文开头怎么写,大家都知道万事开头难，写论文的时候也是一样，写一个好的开头就意味着你可以顺利的写下去了，对于不少人而言英文论文的难度比中文论文的难度更大，下面我带大家简单了解一下英语论文开头怎么写。
一篇
文章的第一段左右通常是整个文章的最重要的部分得到“just right”。它不仅是一个机会，抓住读者的注意力，同时也有机会来设置文章的其余议程，语气和内容的条款。严格地说，没有单一的“right”的方式开始了一篇文章，只是因为它有可能写了无数主题的文章，所以也有可能开始在很多方面的文章。然而，大多数好的开端，以散文分享一定的素质，如果考虑进去，可以大大提高可另外缺乏的文章前奏。请参见下面的步骤1开始！
为你的文章铺设路线图
1、启动带有引人注目的一句话。 当你的文章可能（或者，诚然，可以不）是有趣的你，作家，它不一定有趣的读者。读者，总的来说，是关于他们所读内容有点挑剔，他们做了什么没有。如果一件作品不会立刻吸引他们的注意力在第一段，有一个很好的机会，他们不会懒得看它的其余部分。正因为如此，它往往是开始的作文与从一开始就命令读者注意一个句子一个好主意。只要这第一句话就是逻辑连接到文章的其他部分，有一个在成为引人注目的右出了大门没有羞耻。
您可能要开始一个迷人，鲜为人知的事实和统计抓住读者的注意力。举例来说，如果你在儿童肥胖的危险与日俱增全世界写一篇文章，你可能会这样开始："Contrary to the popular idea that childhood obesity is only a problem for rich, pampered Westerners, the WHO reports that in 2012, over 30% of preschool-age children in developing countries were overweight or obese、"在另一方面，如果它适合你的文章更具逻辑性，你可能要启动一个特别扣人心弦的图像或描述。关于暑假的文章，你可能会这样开始： "When I felt the Costa Rican sun filtering through the jungle canopy and heard the sound of howler monkeys far off in the distance, I knew that I had found someplace very special、"
2、让你的读者进入你的文章的“meat” 。一个伟大的第一句话可以吸引读者的注意力，但是如果你不把读者拉进你的文章里，她还是会很容易失去兴趣。按照你的第一句话，一个句子或两个逻辑连接的注意抓住“钩”在第一句中的其余部分作为一个整体。通常，这些句子将在第一个句子的狭窄范围内扩展，将特定的快照放在一些更大的上下文中。
例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会遵循如下第一句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a growing problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike、”这句话解释了第一句中所描述的问题的'紧迫性，并给出了更广泛的内容。
为你的假期的文章，你可能会跟你这样的第一句话是： "I was deep in the jungles of Tortuguero National Park, and I was lost in more ways than one、" 这句话告诉读者在第一句的意象从哪里来，带领读者走进其余的文章嘲笑它最终将被揭示的旁白是“lost”。
3、告诉读者你的文章是什么 。大多数时候，文章不是纯粹的描述-他们不存在完全告诉你什么是基本的，事实上。通常情况下，他们有一个特定的目的以外的。这几乎可以是任何东西。这篇文章可能是为了改变读者对某个主题的想法，说服读者采取行动，为某个不被很好理解的事情，或者简单地讲述一个令人深思的故事。在任何情况下，第一段的基本目的是要告诉读者什么是文章的目的是。这样，读者就可以快速选择是否继续到其余的文章或不。
在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会总结出这样的事情：“The purpose of this essay is to analyze current trends in childhood obesity rates worldwide and recommend specific policy initiatives to combat this growing problem，”这清楚地告诉什么文章的目的是。这里没有混乱。
为你的假期的文章，你可以试着这样的话： "This is the story of my summer in Costa Rica, a summer that neither spider bites, nor rotten plantains, nor Giardia could keep from being life-changing、" 这告诉读者，他们会在戏弄的具体细节在文章体店就是阅读一个人的旅行到外国帐户。
4、或者，你的文章结构概要 。有时，它是适当的走一步的介绍来描述你的文章的计划来实现其目的。如果你的文章能够很容易地被分解成不同的，特定的部分，这将是有用的，将使主题更容易掌握的读者。如果你是一个学生，你知道如何做到这一点也很有用，因为一些老师会要求你这么做的。然而，具体地概述了不同的文章在介绍中的文章并不总是一个好主意。在某些情况下，特别是对轻心的文章，这可能是有点机械读，可以通过提出太多的信息，对读者的威胁。
你可能会继续这样说：“这篇文章涉及三个主要的全球健康问题：高热量食品的供应，减少体育锻炼，以及日益普及的久坐不动的休闲活动。”对于一个简单的研究论文，概述了主要议题的讨论是一个好主意，因为它允许读者立即理解文章的理由解释在过去的句子的目的。
另一方面，对于你的假期文章，你可能不会以这种方式勾勒出你的文章。既然你已经建立了你的文章是轻松俏皮，这听起来有些奇怪的继续，例如：“通过体验城市生活在圣若泽和农村生活的资本在托土盖罗的丛林里，我像变了一个人在我的旅途中，“这不是一个可怕的句子，但它不流从前面的人因为它奠定了一个严格的刚性结构，不需要。
5、如果有必要，包括一篇论文 。在论文写作中，一个句子是一个句子，这是一个简单的句子，尽可能清晰、简洁地描述文章的“要点”。一些文章，特别是五段为学术作业或是标准化考试的一部分而写的论文，或多或少都要求你将论文陈述部分作为开篇的一部分。即使不需要这篇文章的文章也能从一个大胆的命题陈述的简洁的目的性中受益。一般情况下，在第一段的结尾处或附近包含论文陈述，虽然没有硬性规定，具体地说，论文陈述必须是。
对于你的肥胖文章，因为你在一个临床，简单的方式处理一个严肃的话题和写作，你可能会直接与你的论文声明：“通过分析现有的调查数据，本文旨在找出具体的政策措施，如可能的路径到全球肥胖减少。”这篇论文告诉读者在相对较少的话的确切目的的文章。
你可能不包括一个单一的论文发表声明的度假文章。因为你更感兴趣的是设置一个情绪，讲述一个故事，并说明个人主题，一个直接的，临床的声明，如“这篇文章将描述我的暑假到哥斯达黎加”，将声音奇怪的强迫和不必要的。
6、为你的文章定一个合适的基调。 除了你的空间，讨论你将要谈论什么，你的第一段，也是一个空间，以确定你将如何谈论它。你写的你写的声音是什么鼓励部分（或阻碍）你的读者阅读你的文章。如果在你的文章开始的基调是明确的，愉快的，和适合的主题，你的读者会比如果它的混乱更容易阅读，变化很大，从句子的，或是不在手边的话题。
看一看上面的句子。注意，虽然肥胖作文和假期作文有非常不同的声音，这两者都是清楚地写，并为主题的适当。肥胖作文是一个严肃的、分析性的写作，是一种处理公共健康问题的文章，所以对这些句子有一定的临床和观点是合理的。另一方面，这篇文章是关于一个有趣的，令人兴奋的经历，对作者有重大影响，所以这是合理的句子是一个有趣的小游戏，包含令人兴奋的细节和传达作者的奇迹感。
7、砍去追逐！ 介绍的最重要的规则之一是，更短的几乎总是更好的。如果你能把所有的信息都传达给你，你需要五个句子，而不是六个。如果你可以用一个简单的，每天的话，在一个更不起眼的字（例如，“start”与“initiate”），做它。如果你能把你的信息传达给十个单词而不是十二个，那就去做吧。在任何地方，你可以在不牺牲质量和清晰度的情况下，把你的介绍性通道缩短，这样做。记住，你的文章开始是让读者进入文章的肉，但它的嘶嘶声并不是文章本身的肉，所以保持简短。
如上所述，而你应该力求简洁，你不应该缩短你介绍这么多，它变得不清楚或不合理。例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你不应该缩短这句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a global problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike”。……这句话：“In fact, obesity is actually a big problem、”这句话并不能告诉整个故事，这篇文章是关于全球儿童肥胖的发病率上升，而不是肥胖对你来说是不好的。
我们随机抽取了学术语料库中航空航天学科子库里的50篇期刊文章，摘取了其中的文章首句，做一个简单的文本分析。
经过观察，我们发现，抽取的样本按照其表达的功能，基本可以分为四类，即“声称中心地位”、“评述以往研究”、“概括研究话题”和“提出存在的问题”(Swales 1990)。
1、 声称中心地位，20例(40%)
这一类例句主要强调研究话题在研究领域中的中心地位，或其重要性、优点或必要性，指出将要报道的研究是有意义的、重要的或者已被认为是研究领域内的主要话题。主要例子有：
[1] Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications、
[2] Combustion noise can make a significant contribution to overall turbofan engine noise at low-power settings, , which are typical of approach flight、
[3] Research on flow control has been one of the major topics in fluid mechanics in the past couple of decades、
[4] Surface flow visualization is useful for understanding flow in many applications and can be used to complement and validate computational studies of complex flow、
可用的序列有，xxx be important, xxx play an important/a significant role in, xxx be of particular interest等、
2、 评述以往同类研究，15例(30%)
这类例子大多回顾某一研究话题或领域的已有研究或多年来的研究进展。例如：
[5] Over the last number of decades, a multitude of research efforts have been directed toward understanding the physical mechanisms, or at least the surrounding factors, behind the appearance of symptoms typically associated with nonlinear axial combustion instability in solid-propellant rocket motors (SRMs)、
[6] The effects of applying an electric field on a flame have been studied since the early 1800s(1) when Brande noticed an effect on the heat and mass transfer of a diffusion flame between electrodes, which was then later verified in 1931 by Lewis (2)、
此外，这一分类里的大部分例子都使用现在完成时。供参考的短语序列有，xxx has/have been studied, previous/recent studies show/have shown, it has been shown等。
3、 概括研究话题，14例(28%)
在收集的样本中，“概括研究话题”主要指概括或陈述某一研究领域/话题的特征或客观事实。这一类例句中，文章作者大多根据具体的研究话题组织句子，因而并没有典型的句式。
[7] Many flows of technological interest occur at high Reynolds number and are often characterized、
[8] The Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) equations describe the relative motion of a chaser with respect to a target while both vehicles orbit a central gravitational source、
4、 提出当前研究中存在的问题，1例(2%)
只有一例在文章第一句便指出某一技术所存在的问题，见[9]：
[9] Airborne propagation of directed energy suffers consequences including reduced range, precision, and overall effectiveness, due to the interaction with varying refractive indices within the fluid medium through which it is propagated (1–3)、
简单总结一下，在我们所收集的50篇文章中，有40%的文章在开篇第一句强调研究话题/领域的重要性、优点或说明已成为研究焦点;30%的文章首句旨在回顾或评述以往同类研究;28%的文章在第一句中客观概括或陈述研究话题的特性;仅有2%，即1篇文章在首句中指出某一技术存在的问题。
这一数据也说明，我们可以根据自己的研究话题，运用多种形式，灵活组织文章首句的句式和内容。鉴于样本数量有限，以上内容只是抛砖引玉，仅供参考。我们还建议各位小伙伴在阅读文献的过程中注意积累和总结，看一看自己专业领域内的期刊文章，是以何种形式撰写文章首句。如此一来，可以在自己写论文时进行模仿。毕竟，好的开始是成功的一半嘛。
英语的作文和汉语的作文写法不一样。这是因为英语是意合性语言，而汉语是形合性语言的缘故。
由于这点，所以写英语作文最应该注意的就是要让作文在意上表现的紧密。
就你所提的问题来看，依据上叙英语语言的特点，写英语四六级作文常以三段式最为常见，即首先谈论别人的观点；然后论叙自己的意见，即点题，说明你的观点；最后总结。这是相当于论叙文（议论文）而言的，其它种类的文章也大抵如此。
不过，你若是写其它论文或是水平层次较高的文章，当然就没有什么很固有的结构，也没有必要。但是所有高水平的文章都是基于在一定的基础上的。
一. 英语作文开头方式
1、“开门见山”式
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
① 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
② 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money （时间和金钱）” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back, but……
2、回忆性开头
二. 英语作文结尾方式
1、自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman （帮助警察）”的结尾可以是：The o children were praised by the police and they felt happy. 再如“The Tortoise and the Hare（龟兔赛跑）” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
第一句可以用一个从句，如：There is an unfetful thing in my mind which occured in last winter that does much good to my futural life. （在我脑海里有一件难忘的事，它发生在去年冬天，这件事对我以后的人生帮助很大。）
结尾呢，可以用一个总结句，带有分析和启发性的句子，如：Life is hard but as long as you are in high spirit stepping on you will overe all dificulties and kiss the bright sunshine.（生活是艰难的，但是只要你振奋精神一直向前，你就会克服一切困难迎来明媚的阳光）
高考英语作文万能开头，结尾高考英语作文开头万能公式：
1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work？ 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that … 写作绝招
结尾万能公式： 1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…
2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
更多句型： Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
开头万能公式 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work？：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能公式 1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。
也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that… 2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此禒抚操幌鬲呵叉童常阔结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.。
A Picnic It was a sunny day. We decided to have a picnic outside the city. In the morning, we took an early bus to Nanhui. It was quite a colorful world. there were GREen trees, orange leaves,red peach blossoms. At noon, we reached the place, we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things, such as bread, orange juice, apples, cakes, eggs and so on. But all of a sudden, it began to rain. Unluckily there was no shelter nearby. We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry. What an unfettable picnic it was!636f7079e79fa5e9819331333262353966。
开头 with the development of the modern society, more and more。, some people hold that。, however, some others hold that。., in my view of point,。
.结尾 in sum, there is no denying the fact that。。only in this way can we 。
此格式最适用于写议论文了，呵呵 希望对你能有所帮助。
一）段首句1. 关于……人们有不同的观点.一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用.There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it iscorrect in many cases even today.3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害.首先，……；其次，…….更为糟糕的是……Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）…….Nowadays, it is mon to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外.它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面.Everything has o sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重.Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is being more and more serious.8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论.______ has bee a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题.______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出…….很显然……，但是为什么呢？According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously, ______, but why？（二）中间段落句1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为…….On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如…….最糟糕的是…….But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的.首先，…….而且……，最重要的是……______is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,______. What's more, _____.Most important of all,______.4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法.首先，我们可以…….There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来…….一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______6. 早就应该拿出行动了.比如说……，另外…….所有这些方法肯定会…….It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是…….总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象…….However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利.Noheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题.只有这样，我们才能在将来…….In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）.例如，……，而…….然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example， …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们.因为……Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……5. 随着社会的发展，…….因此，迫切。
一、开头万能公式
1.开头万能公式一：
名人名言：有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理，而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2.开头万能公式二：
数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文绉绉的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …
二、结尾万能公式
1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…
2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：
Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
一、开头万能公式
1.开头万能公式一：
名人名言：有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理，而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2.开头万能公式二：
数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起来这个数字文绉绉的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …
二、结尾万能公式
1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…
2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：
Accordingly, I remend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
Dear Ming Li,How are you?Our class recently had a new student,a British girl.She is very different with us on appearance and habits.She is geous!She has a pair of blue eyes,and fantastic blond hair.Her favorite food is lasagna,a kind of Italian food,which she said it was very tasty.She is the sweet P in our class,and we all love her very much!Best,(YOUR OWN NAME AND DATE)。
首尾呼应发：开头：Learning is like rowing, behind. This sentence from Anonymous. I like this sentence. Because it let me know how important learning.翻译：学习如逆水行舟，不进则退。
这句话出自佚名。我最喜欢这句话了。
因为它让我知道了学习有多么重要。结尾：Learning is like rowing, behind. I have this saying in mind, it will motivate me to learn to go further！翻译：学习如逆水行舟，不进则退，这句名言我一直铭记在心。
它将激励我在学习的百尺竿头更进一步。
1.开门见山，揭示主题。
文章开头就交待清楚文章的主题是什么：如“How I Spent My Vacation”（我怎样度假）的开头是： I spent my last vacation happily. 再如“Honesty”（谈诚实）一文中的开头： Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respecte-d.On the contrary,one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”,and is looked upon badly by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境的开头。 在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。
例如“A Trip to Jin shan”（去金山旅游）的开头： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.It took three hours to ride there.The long trip made us very tired,but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3.回忆性的开头。 用回忆的方法来开头。
例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”（泰山游）的开头是： I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的开头。 即对在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。
如“The Happiness of Reading Book-s”（读书的快乐）的开头： People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But l say that to read books is more valuable. than anything else,because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介绍环境式的开头。 即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。
如：“An Accident”（一场事故）的开头是： It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low,and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly,a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待写作目的的开头。 在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。
如“Pollution Control”（控制污染）的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 结尾篇 如果把开头比作“爆竹”，那么结尾就有如“撞钟”。古人说过：“好的结尾，有如咀嚼干果，品尝香茗，令人回味再三。”
文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式常见的有以下几种： 1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛。
在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Fet Her” （我忘不了她）的结尾： After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2.重复主题句。
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”（我爱家乡）的结尾： I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然结尾。
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”（钓鱼）的结尾： I caught as many as enty fish in o hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4.含蓄性的结尾。
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”（收割的日子）的结尾： Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a *** ile. 5.用反问结尾。
虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 “Should We Learn to Do Housework？” （我们要不要学做家务？） 的结尾： Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6.指明方向，激励读者。
结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”（让我们参加体育运动）的结尾： As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。
一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。
英语论文开头怎么写
英语论文开头怎么写,大家都知道万事开头难，写论文的时候也是一样，写一个好的开头就意味着你可以顺利的写下去了，对于不少人而言英文论文的难度比中文论文的难度更大，下面我带大家简单了解一下英语论文开头怎么写。
一篇
文章的第一段左右通常是整个文章的最重要的部分得到“just right”。它不仅是一个机会，抓住读者的注意力，同时也有机会来设置文章的其余议程，语气和内容的条款。严格地说，没有单一的“right”的方式开始了一篇文章，只是因为它有可能写了无数主题的文章，所以也有可能开始在很多方面的文章。然而，大多数好的开端，以散文分享一定的素质，如果考虑进去，可以大大提高可另外缺乏的文章前奏。请参见下面的步骤1开始！
为你的文章铺设路线图
1、启动带有引人注目的一句话。 当你的文章可能（或者，诚然，可以不）是有趣的你，作家，它不一定有趣的读者。读者，总的来说，是关于他们所读内容有点挑剔，他们做了什么没有。如果一件作品不会立刻吸引他们的注意力在第一段，有一个很好的机会，他们不会懒得看它的其余部分。正因为如此，它往往是开始的作文与从一开始就命令读者注意一个句子一个好主意。只要这第一句话就是逻辑连接到文章的其他部分，有一个在成为引人注目的右出了大门没有羞耻。
您可能要开始一个迷人，鲜为人知的事实和统计抓住读者的注意力。举例来说，如果你在儿童肥胖的危险与日俱增全世界写一篇文章，你可能会这样开始："Contrary to the popular idea that childhood obesity is only a problem for rich, pampered Westerners, the WHO reports that in 2012, over 30% of preschool-age children in developing countries were overweight or obese、"在另一方面，如果它适合你的文章更具逻辑性，你可能要启动一个特别扣人心弦的图像或描述。关于暑假的文章，你可能会这样开始： "When I felt the Costa Rican sun filtering through the jungle canopy and heard the sound of howler monkeys far off in the distance, I knew that I had found someplace very special、"
2、让你的读者进入你的文章的“meat” 。一个伟大的第一句话可以吸引读者的注意力，但是如果你不把读者拉进你的文章里，她还是会很容易失去兴趣。按照你的第一句话，一个句子或两个逻辑连接的注意抓住“钩”在第一句中的其余部分作为一个整体。通常，这些句子将在第一个句子的狭窄范围内扩展，将特定的快照放在一些更大的上下文中。
例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会遵循如下第一句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a growing problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike、”这句话解释了第一句中所描述的问题的'紧迫性，并给出了更广泛的内容。
为你的假期的文章，你可能会跟你这样的第一句话是： "I was deep in the jungles of Tortuguero National Park, and I was lost in more ways than one、" 这句话告诉读者在第一句的意象从哪里来，带领读者走进其余的文章嘲笑它最终将被揭示的旁白是“lost”。
3、告诉读者你的文章是什么 。大多数时候，文章不是纯粹的描述-他们不存在完全告诉你什么是基本的，事实上。通常情况下，他们有一个特定的目的以外的。这几乎可以是任何东西。这篇文章可能是为了改变读者对某个主题的想法，说服读者采取行动，为某个不被很好理解的事情，或者简单地讲述一个令人深思的故事。在任何情况下，第一段的基本目的是要告诉读者什么是文章的目的是。这样，读者就可以快速选择是否继续到其余的文章或不。
在你的肥胖文章中，你可能会总结出这样的事情：“The purpose of this essay is to analyze current trends in childhood obesity rates worldwide and recommend specific policy initiatives to combat this growing problem，”这清楚地告诉什么文章的目的是。这里没有混乱。
为你的假期的文章，你可以试着这样的话： "This is the story of my summer in Costa Rica, a summer that neither spider bites, nor rotten plantains, nor Giardia could keep from being life-changing、" 这告诉读者，他们会在戏弄的具体细节在文章体店就是阅读一个人的旅行到外国帐户。
4、或者，你的文章结构概要 。有时，它是适当的走一步的介绍来描述你的文章的计划来实现其目的。如果你的文章能够很容易地被分解成不同的，特定的部分，这将是有用的，将使主题更容易掌握的读者。如果你是一个学生，你知道如何做到这一点也很有用，因为一些老师会要求你这么做的。然而，具体地概述了不同的文章在介绍中的文章并不总是一个好主意。在某些情况下，特别是对轻心的文章，这可能是有点机械读，可以通过提出太多的信息，对读者的威胁。
你可能会继续这样说：“这篇文章涉及三个主要的全球健康问题：高热量食品的供应，减少体育锻炼，以及日益普及的久坐不动的休闲活动。”对于一个简单的研究论文，概述了主要议题的讨论是一个好主意，因为它允许读者立即理解文章的理由解释在过去的句子的目的。
另一方面，对于你的假期文章，你可能不会以这种方式勾勒出你的文章。既然你已经建立了你的文章是轻松俏皮，这听起来有些奇怪的继续，例如：“通过体验城市生活在圣若泽和农村生活的资本在托土盖罗的丛林里，我像变了一个人在我的旅途中，“这不是一个可怕的句子，但它不流从前面的人因为它奠定了一个严格的刚性结构，不需要。
5、如果有必要，包括一篇论文 。在论文写作中，一个句子是一个句子，这是一个简单的句子，尽可能清晰、简洁地描述文章的“要点”。一些文章，特别是五段为学术作业或是标准化考试的一部分而写的论文，或多或少都要求你将论文陈述部分作为开篇的一部分。即使不需要这篇文章的文章也能从一个大胆的命题陈述的简洁的目的性中受益。一般情况下，在第一段的结尾处或附近包含论文陈述，虽然没有硬性规定，具体地说，论文陈述必须是。
对于你的肥胖文章，因为你在一个临床，简单的方式处理一个严肃的话题和写作，你可能会直接与你的论文声明：“通过分析现有的调查数据，本文旨在找出具体的政策措施，如可能的路径到全球肥胖减少。”这篇论文告诉读者在相对较少的话的确切目的的文章。
你可能不包括一个单一的论文发表声明的度假文章。因为你更感兴趣的是设置一个情绪，讲述一个故事，并说明个人主题，一个直接的，临床的声明，如“这篇文章将描述我的暑假到哥斯达黎加”，将声音奇怪的强迫和不必要的。
6、为你的文章定一个合适的基调。 除了你的空间，讨论你将要谈论什么，你的第一段，也是一个空间，以确定你将如何谈论它。你写的你写的声音是什么鼓励部分（或阻碍）你的读者阅读你的文章。如果在你的文章开始的基调是明确的，愉快的，和适合的主题，你的读者会比如果它的混乱更容易阅读，变化很大，从句子的，或是不在手边的话题。
看一看上面的句子。注意，虽然肥胖作文和假期作文有非常不同的声音，这两者都是清楚地写，并为主题的适当。肥胖作文是一个严肃的、分析性的写作，是一种处理公共健康问题的文章，所以对这些句子有一定的临床和观点是合理的。另一方面，这篇文章是关于一个有趣的，令人兴奋的经历，对作者有重大影响，所以这是合理的句子是一个有趣的小游戏，包含令人兴奋的细节和传达作者的奇迹感。
7、砍去追逐！ 介绍的最重要的规则之一是，更短的几乎总是更好的。如果你能把所有的信息都传达给你，你需要五个句子，而不是六个。如果你可以用一个简单的，每天的话，在一个更不起眼的字（例如，“start”与“initiate”），做它。如果你能把你的信息传达给十个单词而不是十二个，那就去做吧。在任何地方，你可以在不牺牲质量和清晰度的情况下，把你的介绍性通道缩短，这样做。记住，你的文章开始是让读者进入文章的肉，但它的嘶嘶声并不是文章本身的肉，所以保持简短。
如上所述，而你应该力求简洁，你不应该缩短你介绍这么多，它变得不清楚或不合理。例如，在你的肥胖文章中，你不应该缩短这句话：“In fact, childhood obesity is a global problem that is increasingly affecting rich and poor countries alike”。……这句话：“In fact, obesity is actually a big problem、”这句话并不能告诉整个故事，这篇文章是关于全球儿童肥胖的发病率上升，而不是肥胖对你来说是不好的。
我们随机抽取了学术语料库中航空航天学科子库里的50篇期刊文章，摘取了其中的文章首句，做一个简单的文本分析。
经过观察，我们发现，抽取的样本按照其表达的功能，基本可以分为四类，即“声称中心地位”、“评述以往研究”、“概括研究话题”和“提出存在的问题”(Swales 1990)。
1、 声称中心地位，20例(40%)
这一类例句主要强调研究话题在研究领域中的中心地位，或其重要性、优点或必要性，指出将要报道的研究是有意义的、重要的或者已被认为是研究领域内的主要话题。主要例子有：
[1] Structural damage detection and health monitoring is very important in many applications、
[2] Combustion noise can make a significant contribution to overall turbofan engine noise at low-power settings, , which are typical of approach flight、
[3] Research on flow control has been one of the major topics in fluid mechanics in the past couple of decades、
[4] Surface flow visualization is useful for understanding flow in many applications and can be used to complement and validate computational studies of complex flow、
可用的序列有，xxx be important, xxx play an important/a significant role in, xxx be of particular interest等、
2、 评述以往同类研究，15例(30%)
这类例子大多回顾某一研究话题或领域的已有研究或多年来的研究进展。例如：
[5] Over the last number of decades, a multitude of research efforts have been directed toward understanding the physical mechanisms, or at least the surrounding factors, behind the appearance of symptoms typically associated with nonlinear axial combustion instability in solid-propellant rocket motors (SRMs)、
[6] The effects of applying an electric field on a flame have been studied since the early 1800s(1) when Brande noticed an effect on the heat and mass transfer of a diffusion flame between electrodes, which was then later verified in 1931 by Lewis (2)、
此外，这一分类里的大部分例子都使用现在完成时。供参考的短语序列有，xxx has/have been studied, previous/recent studies show/have shown, it has been shown等。
3、 概括研究话题，14例(28%)
在收集的样本中，“概括研究话题”主要指概括或陈述某一研究领域/话题的特征或客观事实。这一类例句中，文章作者大多根据具体的研究话题组织句子，因而并没有典型的句式。
[7] Many flows of technological interest occur at high Reynolds number and are often characterized、
[8] The Hill–Clohessy–Wiltshire (HCW) equations describe the relative motion of a chaser with respect to a target while both vehicles orbit a central gravitational source、
4、 提出当前研究中存在的问题，1例(2%)
只有一例在文章第一句便指出某一技术所存在的问题，见[9]：
[9] Airborne propagation of directed energy suffers consequences including reduced range, precision, and overall effectiveness, due to the interaction with varying refractive indices within the fluid medium through which it is propagated (1–3)、
简单总结一下，在我们所收集的50篇文章中，有40%的文章在开篇第一句强调研究话题/领域的重要性、优点或说明已成为研究焦点;30%的文章首句旨在回顾或评述以往同类研究;28%的文章在第一句中客观概括或陈述研究话题的特性;仅有2%，即1篇文章在首句中指出某一技术存在的问题。
这一数据也说明，我们可以根据自己的研究话题，运用多种形式，灵活组织文章首句的句式和内容。鉴于样本数量有限，以上内容只是抛砖引玉，仅供参考。我们还建议各位小伙伴在阅读文献的过程中注意积累和总结，看一看自己专业领域内的期刊文章，是以何种形式撰写文章首句。如此一来，可以在自己写论文时进行模仿。毕竟，好的开始是成功的一半嘛。
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am Jaster and my supervisor is prof.Wu. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am *** and my supervisor is *** With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am *** and my supervisor is *** With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
Distinguished teachers , my name is .... My thesis is ....先打招呼，做个自我介绍，然后直奔论文，切勿拖泥带水