你学习的是项目管理专业？有实际工作经验么？美国项目管理协会PMI中提到项目管理的五大过程（启动，规划，实施，监控，收尾）；类似于六西中的DMAIC，如果有工作经验，可以找个项目分别从两条路走一下，你会发现很多异曲同工之妙，如果能体会出不同或者互补之处就是你文章的可读之处了。供参考。
我发给你邮箱了
企业运营千头万绪，管理与质量是永远不变的至理。在全球化经济背景下，一项全新的管理模式在美国摩托罗拉和通用电气两大巨头中试行并取得立竿见影的效果后，逐渐引起了欧美各国企业的高度关注，这项管理便是六西格玛模式。 六西格玛是一种能够严格、集中和高效地改善企业流程管理质量的实施原则和技术。它包含了众多管理前沿的先锋成果，以”零缺陷”的完美商业追求，带动质量成本的大幅度降低，最终实现财务成效的显著提升与企业竞争力的重大突破。 西格玛即希腊字σ的译音，是统计学家用语衡量工艺流程中的变化性而使用的代码。企业也可以用西格玛的级别来衡量在商业流程管理方面的表现。传统的公司一般品质要求已提升至3sigma.这就是说产品的合格率已达至99.73％的水平，只有0.27％为次货。又或者解释为每一千货产品只有2.7件为次品。很多人认为产品达至此水平已非常满意。可是，根据专家研究结果证明，如果产品达到99.73％合格率的话，以下事件便会继续在现实中发生：每年有20，000次配错药事件；每年不超过15，000婴儿出生时会被抛落地上；每年平均有9小时没有水、电、暖气供应；每星期有500宗做错手术事件；每小时有2000封信邮寄错误。由此可以看出，随着人们对产品质量要求的不断提高和现代生产管理流程的日益复杂化，企业越来越需要象六西格玛这样的高端流程质量管理标准，以保持在激烈的市场竞争中的优势地位。事实上，日本已把”6 Sigma”作为他们品质要求的指标。 六个西格玛的管理方法重点是将所有的工作作为一种流程，采用量化的方法分析流程中影响质量的因素，找出最关键的因素加以改进从而达到更高的客户满意度。如果你正在寻找一种使企业降低质量缺陷和服务偏差并保持持久性的新方法，那么不用犹豫了。六西格玛将以重大的财务成效证明你的选择是正确的。美国通用电气公司首席执行官韦尔奇先生在2000年年报中指出： 六西格玛所创造的高品质，已经奇迹般地降低了通用电气公司在过去复杂管理流程中的浪费，简化了管理流程和降低了材料成本。六西格玛的实施已经成为介绍和承诺高品质创新产品的必要战略和标志之一。 实施六西格玛对于一个企业来说，不仅仅只是一系列的训练。它意味着整个企业文化从防护性的标准化管理到放开思想改革创新的突破性理念。六西格玛在提供行之有效的管理方法和流程技术的基础上，为企业培养了具备组织能力、激励能力、项目管理技术和数理统计诊断能力的领导者，这些人才是企业适应变革和竞争的核心力量。他们将最先进的工作方法和最新的电脑技术，应用到一个简单的流程模式DMAIC中，通过追求零缺陷运行和改善流程达到使顾客满意的快速突破性改善。以达到每一个环节的不断改善（Continuous Improvement）的战略目标。你还可以看看下面的网址。
自己找个段落用工具翻后在略修改一下就行了。
Six Sigma seeks to identify and remove the causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and business processes.[1] It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization ("Black Belts" etc.) who are experts in these methods.[1] Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified financial targets Historical overview Six Sigma was originally developed as a set of practices designed to improve manufacturing processes and eliminate defects, but its application was subsequently extended to other types of business processes as well.[2] In Six Sigma, a defect is defined as anything that could lead to customer dissatisfaction.[1] The particulars of the methodology were first formulated by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986.[3] Six Sigma was heavily inspired by six preceding decades of quality improvement methodologies such as quality control, TQM, and Zero Defects, based on the work of pioneers such as Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, Taguchi and others. Like its predecessors, Six Sigma asserts that – Continuous efforts to achieve stable and predictable process results (i.e. reduce process variation) are of vital importance to business success. Manufacturing and business processes have characteristics that can be measured, analyzed, improved and controlled. Achieving sustained quality improvement requires commitment from the entire organization, particularly from top-level management. Features that set Six Sigma apart from previous quality improvement initiatives include – A clear focus on achieving measurable and quantifiable financial returns from any Six Sigma project.[1] An increased emphasis on strong and passionate management leadership and support.[1] A special infrastructure of "Champions," "Master Black Belts," "Black Belts," etc. to lead and implement the Six Sigma approach.[1] A clear commitment to making decisions on the basis of verifiable data, rather than assumptions and guesswork.[1] The term "Six Sigma" is derived from a field of statistics known as process capability studies. Originally, it referred to the ability of manufacturing processes to produce a very high proportion of output within specification. Processes that operate with "six sigma quality" over the short term are assumed to produce long-term defect levels below 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO).[4][5] Six Sigma's implicit goal is to improve all processes to that level of quality or better. Six Sigma is a registered service mark and trademark of Motorola, Inc.[6] Motorola has reported over US$17 billion in savings[7] from Six Sigma as of 2006. Other early adopters of Six Sigma who achieved well-publicized success include Honeywell (previously known as AlliedSignal) and General Electric, where the method was introduced by Jack Welch.[8] By the late 1990s, about two-thirds of the Fortune 500 organizations had begun Six Sigma initiatives with the aim of reducing costs and improving quality.[9] In recent years, Six Sigma has sometimes been combined with lean manufacturing to yield a methodology named Lean Six Sigma. [edit] Origin and meaning of the term "six sigma process" Graph of the normal distribution, which underlies the statistical assumptions of the Six Sigma model. The Greek letter σ marks the distance on the horizontal axis between the mean, µ, and the curve's inflection point. The greater this distance is, the greater is the spread of values encountered. For the curve shown in red above, µ = 0 and σ = 1. The other curves illustrate different values of µ and σ.Sigma (the lower-case Greek letter σ) is used to represent the standard deviation (a measure of variation) of a statistical population. The term "six sigma process" comes from the notion that if one has six standard deviations between the process mean and the nearest specification limit, there will be practically no items that fail to meet specifications.[5] This is based on the calculation method employed in process capability studies. In a capability study, the number of standard deviations between the process mean and the nearest specification limit is given in sigma units. As process standard deviation goes up, or the mean of the process moves away from the center of the tolerance, fewer standard deviations will fit between the mean and the nearest specification limit, decreasing the sigma number and increasing the likelihood of items outside specification.[5] [edit] Role of the 1.5 sigma shift Experience has shown that in the long term, processes usually do not perform as well as they do in the short.[5] As a result, the number of sigmas that will fit between the process mean and the nearest specification limit is likely to drop over time, compared to an initial short-term study.[5] To account for this real-life increase in process variation over time, an empirically-based 1.5 sigma shift is introduced into the calculation.[10][5] According to this idea, a process that fits six sigmas between the process mean and the nearest specification limit in a short-term study will in the long term only fit 4.5 sigmas – either because the process mean will move over time, or because the long-term standard deviation of the process will be greater than that observed in the short term, or both.[5] Hence the widely accepted definition of a six sigma process is one that produces 3.4 defective parts per million opportunities (DPMO). This is based on the fact that a process that is normally distributed will have 3.4 parts per million beyond a point that is 4.5 standard deviations above or below the mean (one-sided capability study).[5] So the 3.4 DPMO of a "Six Sigma" process in fact corresponds to 4.5 sigmas, namely 6 sigmas minus the 1.5 sigma shift introduced to account for long-term variation.[5] This is designed to prevent underestimation of the defect levels likely to be encountered in real-life operation.[5] [edit] Sigma levels See also: Three sigma rule Taking the 1.5 sigma shift into account, short-term sigma levels correspond to the following long-term DPMO values (one-sided): One Sigma = 690,000 DPMO = 68.26% efficiency Two Sigma = 308,000 DPMO = 95.24% efficiency Three Sigma = 66,800 DPMO = 99.73% efficiency Six Sigma = 3.4 DPMO = 99.9997% efficiency [edit] Methods Six Sigma has two key methods: DMAIC and DMADV, both inspired by Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle.[9] DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process; DMADV is used to create new product or process designs.[9] [edit] DMAIC The basic method consists of the following five steps: Define high-level project goals and the current process. Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data. Analyze the data to verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Improve or optimize the process based upon data analysis using techniques like Design of experiments. Control to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Set up pilot runs to establish process capability, move on to production, set up control mechanisms and continuously monitor the process. [edit] DMADV The basic method consists of the following five steps: Define design goals that are consistent with customer demands and the enterprise strategy. Measure and identify CTQs (characteristics that are Critical To Quality), product capabilities, production process capability, and risks. Analyze to develop and design alternatives, create a high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the best design. Design details, optimize the design, and plan for design verification. This phase may require simulations. Verify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it over to the process owners. DMADV is also known as DFSS, an abbreviation of "Design For Six Sigma".[9] [edit] Implementation roles One of the key innovations of Six Sigma is the professionalizing of quality management functions. Prior to Six Sigma, quality management in practice was largely relegated to the production floor and to statisticians in a separate quality department. Six Sigma borrows martial arts ranking terminology to define a hierarchy (and career path) that cuts across all business functions and a promotion path straight into the executive suite. Six Sigma identifies several key roles for its successful implementation.[11] Executive Leadership includes the CEO and other members of top management. They are responsible for setting up a vision for Six Sigma implementation. They also empower the other role holders with the freedom and resources to explore new ideas for breakthrough improvements. Champions are responsible for Six Sigma implementation across the organization in an integrated manner. The Executive Leadership draws them from upper management. Champions also act as mentors to Black Belts. Master Black Belts, identified by champions, act as in-house coaches on Six Sigma. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. They assist champions and guide Black Belts and Green Belts. Apart from statistical tasks, their time is spent on ensuring consistent application of Six Sigma across various functions and departments. Black Belts operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution, whereas Champions and Master Black Belts focus on identifying projects/functions for Six Sigma.
Six Sigma is a business management strategy, initially implemented by Motorola, that today enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry. Six Sigma seeks to identify and remove the causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and business processes.[1] It uses a set of quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization ("Black Belts" etc.) who are experts in these methods.[1] Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified financial targets Historical overview Six Sigma was originally developed as a set of practices designed to improve manufacturing processes and eliminate defects, but its application was subsequently extended to other types of business processes as well.[2] In Six Sigma, a defect is defined as anything that could lead to customer dissatisfaction.[1] The particulars of the methodology were first formulated by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986.[3] Six Sigma was heavily inspired by six preceding decades of quality improvement methodologies such as quality control, TQM, and Zero Defects, based on the work of pioneers such as Shewhart, Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, Taguchi and others. Like its predecessors, Six Sigma asserts that – Continuous efforts to achieve stable and predictable process results (i.e. reduce process variation) are of vital importance to business success. Manufacturing and business processes have characteristics that can be measured, analyzed, improved and controlled. Achieving sustained quality improvement requires commitment from the entire organization, particularly from top-level management. Features that set Six Sigma apart from previous quality improvement initiatives include – A clear focus on achieving measurable and quantifiable financial returns from any Six Sigma project.[1] An increased emphasis on strong and passionate management leadership and support.[1] A special infrastructure of "Champions," "Master Black Belts," "Black Belts," etc. to lead and implement the Six Sigma approach.[1] A clear commitment to making decisions on the basis of verifiable data, rather than assumptions and guesswork.[1] The term "Six Sigma" is derived from a field of statistics known as process capability studies. Originally, it referred to the ability of manufacturing processes to produce a very high proportion of output within specification. Processes that operate with "six sigma quality" over the short term are assumed to produce long-term defect levels below 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO).[4][5] Six Sigma's implicit goal is to improve all processes to that level of quality or better. Six Sigma is a registered service mark and trademark of Motorola, Inc.[6] Motorola has reported over US$17 billion in savings[7] from Six Sigma as of 2006. Other early adopters of Six Sigma who achieved well-publicized success include Honeywell (previously known as AlliedSignal) and General Electric, where the method was introduced by Jack Welch.[8] By the late 1990s, about two-thirds of the Fortune 500 organizations had begun Six Sigma initiatives with the aim of reducing costs and improving quality.[9] In recent years, Six Sigma has sometimes been combined with lean manufacturing to yield a methodology named Lean Six Sigma. [edit] Origin and meaning of the term "six sigma process" Graph of the normal distribution, which underlies the statistical assumptions of the Six Sigma model. The Greek letter σ marks the distance on the horizontal axis between the mean, µ, and the curve's inflection point. The greater this distance is, the greater is the spread of values encountered. For the curve shown in red above, µ = 0 and σ = 1. The other curves illustrate different values of µ and σ.Sigma (the lower-case Greek letter σ) is used to represent the standard deviation (a measure of variation) of a statistical population. The term "six sigma process" comes from the notion that if one has six standard deviations between the process mean and the nearest specification limit, there will be practically no items that fail to meet specifications.[5] This is based on the calculation method employed in process capability studies. In a capability study, the number of standard deviations between the process mean and the nearest specification limit is given in sigma units. As process standard deviation goes up, or the mean of the process moves away from the center of the tolerance, fewer standard deviations will fit between the mean and the nearest specification limit, decreasing the sigma number and increasing the likelihood of items outside specification.[5] [edit] Role of the 1.5 sigma shift Experience has shown that in the long term, processes usually do not perform as well as they do in the short.[5] As a result, the number of sigmas that will fit between the process mean and the nearest specification limit is likely to drop over time, compared to an initial short-term study.[5] To account for this real-life increase in process variation over time, an empirically-based 1.5 sigma shift is introduced into the calculation.[10][5] According to this idea, a process that fits six sigmas between the process mean and the nearest specification limit in a short-term study will in the long term only fit 4.5 sigmas – either because the process mean will move over time, or because the long-term standard deviation of the process will be greater than that observed in the short term, or both.[5] Hence the widely accepted definition of a six sigma process is one that produces 3.4 defective parts per million opportunities (DPMO). This is based on the fact that a process that is normally distributed will have 3.4 parts per million beyond a point that is 4.5 standard deviations above or below the mean (one-sided capability study).[5] So the 3.4 DPMO of a "Six Sigma" process in fact corresponds to 4.5 sigmas, namely 6 sigmas minus the 1.5 sigma shift introduced to account for long-term variation.[5] This is designed to prevent underestimation of the defect levels likely to be encountered in real-life operation.[5] [edit] Sigma levels See also: Three sigma rule Taking the 1.5 sigma shift into account, short-term sigma levels correspond to the following long-term DPMO values (one-sided): One Sigma = 690,000 DPMO = 68.26% efficiency Two Sigma = 308,000 DPMO = 95.24% efficiency Three Sigma = 66,800 DPMO = 99.73% efficiency Six Sigma = 3.4 DPMO = 99.9997% efficiency [edit] Methods Six Sigma has two key methods: DMAIC and DMADV, both inspired by Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle.[9] DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process; DMADV is used to create new product or process designs.[9] [edit] DMAIC The basic method consists of the following five steps: Define high-level project goals and the current process. Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data. Analyze the data to verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Improve or optimize the process based upon data analysis using techniques like Design of experiments. Control to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Set up pilot runs to establish process capability, move on to production, set up control mechanisms and continuously monitor the process. [edit] DMADV The basic method consists of the following five steps: Define design goals that are consistent with customer demands and the enterprise strategy. Measure and identify CTQs (characteristics that are Critical To Quality), product capabilities, production process capability, and risks. Analyze to develop and design alternatives, create a high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the best design. Design details, optimize the design, and plan for design verification. This phase may require simulations. Verify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it over to the process owners. DMADV is also known as DFSS, an abbreviation of "Design For Six Sigma".[9] [edit] Implementation roles One of the key innovations of Six Sigma is the professionalizing of quality management functions. Prior to Six Sigma, quality management in practice was largely relegated to the production floor and to statisticians in a separate quality department. Six Sigma borrows martial arts ranking terminology to define a hierarchy (and career path) that cuts across all business functions and a promotion path straight into the executive suite. Six Sigma identifies several key roles for its successful implementation.[11] Executive Leadership includes the CEO and other members of top management. They are responsible for setting up a vision for Six Sigma implementation. They also empower the other role holders with the freedom and resources to explore new ideas for breakthrough improvements. Champions are responsible for Six Sigma implementation across the organization in an integrated manner. The Executive Leadership draws them from upper management. Champions also act as mentors to Black Belts. Master Black Belts, identified by champions, act as in-house coaches on Six Sigma. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. They assist champions and guide Black Belts and Green Belts. Apart from statistical tasks, their time is spent on ensuring consistent application of Six Sigma across various functions and departments. Black Belts operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution, whereas Champions and Master Black Belts focus on identifying projects/functions for Six Sigma. Green Belts are the employees who take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other job responsibilities. They operate under the guidance of Black Belts.Lean six sigma(6σ)概念于1986年由摩托罗拉公司的比尔·史密斯提出,此概念属于品质管理范畴,西格玛(∑,σ)是希腊字母,这是统计学里的一个单位,表示与平均值的标准偏差。旨在生产过程中降低产品及流程的缺陷次数,防止产品变异,提升品Lean six sigma的由来 Lean six sigma（Six Sigma）是在九十年代中期开始被GE从一种全面质量管理方法演变成为一个高度有效的企业流程设计、改善和优化的技术，并提供了一系列同等地适用于设计、生产和服务的新产品开发工具。继而与GE的全球化、服务化、电子商务等战略齐头并进，成为全世界上追求管理卓越性的企业最为重要的战略举措。Lean six sigma逐步发展成为以顾客为主体来确定企业战略目标和产品开发设计的标尺，追求持续进步的一种管理哲学。20世纪90年代发展起来的6σ(西格玛)管理是在总结了全面质量管理的成功经验,提炼了其中流程管理技巧的精华和最行之有效的方法,成为一种提高企业业绩与竞争力的管理模式。该管理法在摩托罗拉、通用、戴尔、惠普、西门子、索尼、东芝行众多跨国企业的实践证明是卓有成效的。为此,国内一些部门和机构在国内企业大力推6σ管理工作,引导企业开展6σ管理。 6σ管理法的概念 6σ管理法是一种统计评估法,核心是追求零缺陷生产,防范产品责任风险,降低成本,提高生产率和市场占有率,提高顾客满意度和忠诚度。6σ管理既着眼于产品、服务质量,又关注过程的改进。“σ”是希腊文的一个字母,在统计学上用来表示标准偏差值,用以描述总体中的个体离均值的偏离程度,测量出的σ表征着诸如单位缺陷、百万缺陷或错误的概率牲,σ值越大,缺陷或错误就越少。6σ是一个目标,这个质量水平意味的是所有的过程和结果中,99.99966% 是无缺陷的,也就是说,做100万件事情,其中只有3.4件是有缺陷的,这几乎趋近到人类能够达到的最为完美的境界。6σ管理关注过程,特别是企业为市场和顾客提供价值的核心过程。因为过程能力用σ来度量后,σ越大,过程的波动越小,过程以最低的成本损失、最短的时间周期、满足顾客要求的能力就越强。6σ理论认为,大多数企业在3σ~4σ间运转,也就是说每百万次操作失误在6210~66800之间,这些缺陷要求经营者以销售额在15%~30%的资金进行事后的弥补或修正,而如果做到6σ,事后弥补的资金将降低到约为销售额的5%。 在这里面涉及到几个概念,六西格码是帮助企业集中于开发和提供近乎完美产品和服务的一个高度规范化的过程。测量一个指定的过程偏离完美有多远。 六西格码的中心思想是,如果你能“测量”一个过程有多少个缺陷,你便能有系统地分析出,怎样消除它们和尽可能地接近“零缺陷”。 在Lean six sigma里,“流程”是一个很重要的概念。举一个例子来说明。一个人去银行开账户。从他进银行开始,到结束办理开户叫一个“流程”。而在这个流程里面还套着一个“流程”,即银行职员会协助你填写开户账单,然后她把这个单据拿给主管去审核,这是银行的一个标准的程序。去银行开户的人是一线员工的“顾客”,这是当然的顾客,叫“外在的顾客”,而同时一线员工要把资料给主管审核,所以主管也是一定意义上的“顾客”,这叫“内在的顾客”。工厂与这个案例也很像,即一道工序是下一道工序的“顾客”。 另一个重要的概念是“规格”。客户去银行办账户,时间是很宝贵的。办账号需要多长时间就是客户的“规格”。客户要求在15分钟内办完,15分钟就是这个客户的规格。而如果银行一线职员要用十七八分钟才能做完,那么,这就叫做“缺陷”。假如职员要在一张单上五个地方打字,有一个地方打错了,这就叫做一个“缺陷”,而整张纸叫一个单元。 “机会”,指的就是缺陷的机会,如果一张单据上有五个地方要打,那么这个单元的缺陷机会为五。引入了西格玛这个概念以后,不同的企业、工厂、流程、服务之间都可以进行量化的比较。6西格码质量管理对经营业绩的改善在企业内部,规范的6西格码模式项目一般是由称为"6西格码模式精英小组" (SixSigmaChampion)的执行委员会选择的,这个小组的职责之一是选择合适的项目并分配资源。一个公司典型的6西格码模式项目可以是矫正关键客户的票据问题,也可以是改变某种工作程序提高生产率。领导小组将任务分派给黑带管理人员们,黑带管理人员们再依照6西格码模式组织一个小组来执行这个项目。小组成员对6西格码模式项目进行定期的严密监测。 6西格玛管理是获得和保持企业在经营上的成功并将其经营业绩最大化的综合管理体系和发展战略,是使企业获得快速增长的经营方式。经营业绩的改善包括:①市场占有率的增加；②顾客回头率的提高；③成本降低；④周期降低；⑤缺陷率降低；⑥产品/服务开发加快；⑦企业文化改变6西格码管理对企业文化建设的作用6西格玛管理将对企业文化建设或改进产生很大的作用。在分析一些成功企业,特别是处于顶层位置的企业文化建设方面的经验教训时发现,成功的企业在实施质量战略时,比别的企业多走了一步,那就是,他们在致力于产品与服务质量改进的同时,肯花大力气去改造他们与6西格码质量不相适应的企业文化,以使全体员工的信念、态度、价值观和期望与6西格码质量保持同步,从而创造出良好的企业质量文化,保证了6西格码质量战略的成功。西格码质量管理方法的流程 6西格码模式是一种自上而下的革新方法,它由企业最高管理者领导并驱动,由最高管理层提出改进或革新目标(这个目标与企业发展战略和远景密切相关)、资源和时间框架。推行6西格码模式可以采用由定义、度量、分析、改进、控制(DMAIC)构成的改进流程。DMAIC流程可用于以下三种基本改进计划: ①6西格玛产品与服务实现过程改进。 ②6西格玛业务流程改进。 ③6西格玛产品设计过程改进。 这种革新方法强调定量方法和工具的运用,强调对顾客需求满意的详尽定义与量化表述,每一阶段都有明确的目标并由相应的工具或方法辅助。 推行6西格玛模式要求企业从上至下都必须改变"我一直都这样做,而且做得很好"的惯性思维。也许你确实已经做得很好,但是距6西格码模式的目标却差得很远。6西格码模式不仅专注于不断提高,更注重目标,即企业的底线收益。假设某一大企业有1000个基层单元,每一基层单元用6西格码模式每天节约100美元,一年以300天计,企业一年将节约3千万美元。通过实施模式,企业还可清晰地知道自身的水平、改进提高的额度与目标的距离等。 典型的6西格码管理模式解决方案以DMAIC流程为核心,它涵盖了6西格玛管理的策划、组织、人力资源准备与培训、实施过程与评价、相关技术方法(包括硬工具和软工具)的应用、管理信息系统的开发与使用等方面。 6西格玛管理战略是企业获得竞争优势和经营成功的金钥匙,在已经实施6西格玛管理并获得成功的企业名单上,你可以发现摩托罗拉、联信、美国快递、杜邦、福特这样的"世界巨人"。今天,越来越多的企业加入了"6西格玛实践者"的行列,也许这其中就有你我现在的或将来的竞争对手。放不下了，原址在wikipedia 搜索Six Sigma
当然可以的啊~！没有问题的！你说的还是一个很好的题材呢。
当然可以，很不错的视角哦。不过，我能保证你找不到太多资料。天下文章一大凑，如果全凭自己写会很累。如果你下定决心好好写的话，你一定会有很大的收获，论文的目的就是让我们有研究性学习的经历，平时的学习是没有这样的效果的。加油
当然可以 我还可以提供其他题目一．语言学及应用语言学1．语言学研究 (如：语言研究，文字研究，词汇研究，短语和句子研究，语篇研究，语言与文化等)2．语言教学研究 (如：语言研究与语言习惯，教学方法和技巧研究，教材分析和评估研究，测试与评估研究，课堂教学管理研究，教育技术的使用与开展研究)3．中英文语法对比研究（某一语法现象）4．中英文文体对比（诗歌、小说、广告等）5．某一文本文体特征分析6．中英篇章结构对比7．中西文字及思维方式8．情感在外语学习中的作用9．中介语与外语学习10．中英异同对外语学习的影响11．词汇记忆研究12．论语言环境与外语学习13．接受技能与产出技能的关系14．浅谈广告语言的特点15．从认知看隐喻在经济语篇中的应用16．论基础英语与专门用途英语的教学关系17．英汉思维方式对其语言，文字的影响18．英汉民俗文化对词汇意义的影响19．当代英语语言学理论对外语教学的启示20．On The Nature And functions of Metaphor 论隐喻的本质与功能21．On the Origin, Word-Formation and Translation of English Neologisms 浅谈英语新词的产生、构成及翻译22．Decomposition and Translation of Ambiguous Structures 歧义结构的化解与翻译23．A Contrastive Study of the Formation of English and Chinese Antonyms论英汉反义词的形成24．On the Usage of English Abbreviations on the Internet谈网络英语中的缩略语25．A Contrastive Study of Punctuation in Chinese and English 英汉标点符号比较26．On the Relationship between Lexical Cohesion and Textual Coherence 词汇的衔接与语篇的连贯27．Thought Discrepancies Embodied in English and Chinese Languages 思维差异在英汉语言中的体现28．Influences of Chinese Dialectical Accent over English Pronunciation 汉语方言对英语发音的影响29．Language Development of Pre-school Children and English Teaching 幼儿言语发展及幼儿英语教学30．The Influence of Sino-British Cultures on Metaphors论中英文化对隐语的影响31．On Politeness Norms and Mistakes in Interactive Communication of Spoken English英汉口语中互动性交际的礼貌规范与失误32.Pragmatic Analysis on the Approximating Quantities with Numbers数词模糊语的语用分析33.On Special Usage of English Prepositions英语介词的另类用法34.On Fault Use of Words in Law English 论法律英语里的用词失误35.About Usage of Letter “S” in English 英语中的字母S的用法探讨36.Usage and Translation of “and” 英文中的and 的用法与译法37.Characteristics of American Slang美国俚语特点38.Acquisition of Function words in English Learning浅谈英语学习中虚词的掌握39.Words and Expressions Belittling the Female女性歧视化用词和表达法研究40.On the Motivation of Male Students' Interests of English Learning论男生的英语学习兴趣的激发41.Distinction and translation of English passives without by-phrases英语中无标记被动结构的识别与翻译42.学生个体差异研究 (如：不同性格的学生的口语能力有何不同？)二. 翻译理论与实践1.翻译方法个案研究 (如：“从海明威的短篇小说<一个干净、的地方>看简洁句的翻译”)2.中外翻译比较3.归化与异化----汉语习语的英译4.翻译中的文化冲击5.长句的翻译6.英语定语从句的翻译7.翻译中的英汉双语转换模式探讨8.Transformational Technique of Parts of Speech in Translation翻译中词性转换的技巧9.Cultural Gap and Mistranslation英汉文化差异与误译10.A Brief Study on the Translation of English News Titles英语新闻标题翻译初探11.On Translation Techniques of Loan words浅谈外来词的翻译12.Usage and Translation Skills of Numerals in English Expressions英语中数量在词组中的用法和翻译技巧13.Usage and Translation Skills of Numerals in English Expressions英语中数量在词组中的用法和翻译技巧14.A Tentative Study on English Hyperbole浅论英语夸张修辞15.Features of Network Language and Its Translation网络用语的特点及其翻译16.Inter-translation of Humor of English and Chinese 英汉的幽默互译17.Alternating Translation of English and Chinese Attributives论英汉互译中定语的翻译18.On Political Factors in English-Chinese Translation翻译中政治因素的作用19.The translation method of Chinese and English film's name中英电影名的翻译方法三.文学1.国别文学研究和地域文学研究（如：英国文学、美国文学、澳大利亚文学、加拿大文学、新西兰文学/西方文学、大洋洲文学等）2.文学流派研究 (如：浪漫主义，现实主义，自然主义，超现实主义，存在主义，黑色幽默，意识流，女性主义文学等)3.作家研究和文本分析 (如：阿瑟.米勒研究，海明威研究，狄更斯研究，论莎士比亚的“威尼斯商人”等)4.中外比较文学研究 (如：尤金.奥尼尔和曹禺戏剧作品之比较)五四时期西方女作家对中国女性文学的影响5.中国诗歌对埃兹拉•庞德（Ezra Pound）的影响拜伦与鲁迅6.朱光潜与弗洛伊德（Frued）7.弗洛伊德与文学8.弗洛伊德与心理分析学9.西方哥特（Gothic）文学传统10.《圣经》在西方文学中的影响11.莎士比亚的生平及其剧作12.“湖畔派”诗人13.简•奥斯丁小说中的婚姻与女性挣扎14.詹姆斯•乔伊斯（James Joyce）小说文本的形式实验15.夏洛蒂•勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)的生平与其创作中的自我16.意识流(stream of consciousness)小说的特点17.詹姆斯•乔伊斯与意识流小说18.论霍桑的加尔文主义(Calvinism)倾向19.Structuralism and Post-structualism20.Edward Said and Post-colonialism21.Influence and Transformation of Psychoanalysis on Chinese 22.Modernist Literature in the 21th Century 23.Feminine writing and Chinese Feminist Literature24.French feminism and Chinese Feminist Literature25.Virginia Woolf and Feminine Writing26.Virginia Woolf’s Concept of novel writing 27.The History of Western Feminism28.Realism, Modernism and Post-modernism29.Modernism and Post-modernism and Their Fate in the Chinese 30.Literature in the 20th century 31.Irony in Vanity Fair by William M.Thackerary32.The Bronte Sisters 33.Approaching William Faulkner34.Earnest Hemingway: The old Man and the Sea35.Women in Earnest Hemingway’s Novels36.On Tragic Fate Of the Heroin In Life37.论<一生>中女主人公的悲剧命运38.On American Dream ------Viewed from 《Sister Carrie》39.从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国梦40.My view on the Classic Standpoint of love of Jane Austin从《爱玛》看简。奥斯丁的古典主义爱情观41.On the Meanings of Images in Moby Dick论《白鲸》中的象征意义42.A Contrastive Study on Love Tragedy Between Romeo & Juliet and Butterflies in Love罗米欧与朱丽叶和梁山伯与祝英台的爱情悲剧对比研究43.The Attitudes towards love in The Hunckback of Notre Dame论《巴黎圣母院》中的爱情观44.The Comparison of Individualism Between Moby Dick and The Old Man and the Sea《白鲸》和《老人与海》中的个人主义比较45.A Comparison of the Value of Love Between Baoyu Daiyu and Jane Rochester46.宝黛爱情与简爱罗彻特爱情观之比较47.解读《简•爱》中的女性意识48.论《红字》的悲剧艺术效果。论《红字》的象征手法49.浅谈华兹华斯的自然诗50.美国梦的幻灭：《了不起的盖茨比》中的盖茨比的悲剧51解释兰斯顿•休斯诗歌中的种族主义52.解释托妮•莫里森小说中的种族主义 53.海明威与“迷惘一代”的文学54.从《哈克贝里•费恩历险记》中看马克•吐温的美国式幽默四.跨文化交际55.On Ways of Breaking Cultural Barriers In Translation Of Human Names 如何克服人名翻译中的文化障碍56.On Influence Of Cultural Differences On Understanding English and Chinese Advertisements论文化差异对解读英汉广告的影响57.On Changes Of Business Etiquettes In Cross-Cultural Communication论跨文化交际中商务礼仪的变迁58.On Application Of Nonverbal Means In Communication论非语言形式在交际中的运用59.The Comparison and Translation of “Nine” in Chinese and Western Culture英汉数字“九”的文化对比与翻译60.The Cultural Influence on English Expressions and Word Choices文化对英语表达和词汇的影响61.The Regional Differences Between Chinese and Western Culture中西文化差异之地域文化差异62.Non-equivalence between Chinese and English Idioms and Intercultural Differences英汉习语的不等值现象与跨文化差异63.The Influences of Chinese-British Cultural Differences on International Business Protocol中英文化差异对国际商务礼仪的影响64.Comparisons of Sino-U.S Family Education中美家庭教育的比较65.A Contrastive Study on Chinese and English Exclamatory Words汉英感叹词对比研究66.On Sino-Western Cultural Differences from Numerical Idioms从数字习语看中西文化差异67.American movies and American characteristics 美国电影与美国民族特性68.Usage and Reason of Foreignism in Chinese 汉语中外来词的使用 现状及原因69.Cultural Difference in the Traditional Chinese and Western Festivals 传统节日映照出的中西文化差异70.The Influence of American Culture on the Language of Its Movies美国文化对其电影的影响71.Gender Differences in Speech 言语中的性别差异72.On the Embodiment of Cultural Specifications of Western Cartoon Movies论西方卡通片所体现的文化特质73.A Brief Analysis of the Characteristics of Political Slang in American English浅析美国英语中政治俚语的特点74.Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Marriage中西婚姻文化差异五.商务英语1.On Aesthetic Association and Translation Of Names Of Commodities论审美联想与商品名的翻译2.On Influence Of American Culture On Import and Export Commodities论美国文化对进出口商品翻译的影响3.On Language Communication Skills In Business Negotiation论商务谈判中语言沟通技巧4.On Skills of Writing a Business Letter商业信函的写作技巧5.On the Characteristics of Business Negotiation Language and Its Translation商务谈判用语特点及翻译6.Language Characteristics and Skills for an English Tour Guide英语导游翻译的语言艺术与技巧7.The Application of Personification in Advertising广告英语中拟人的应用8.Language Characteristics of English Business Contracts商务合同的语言特点9.On the Abbreviations of Business English浅论商务英语的缩略语10.On English Translation of Signs and Words in Public Places公共标识用语的英译探析11.On translation of tourist guide论旅游指南的翻译12.On the writing and translation of foreign trade contracts论涉外经济合同写作及翻译13.商务口译活动及标准14.口译质量与效果评估15.英语广告与汉语广告英译分析16.英语广告中的修辞及翻译17.涉外广告文化与翻译18.广告翻译策略：论广告翻译的理论模式19.我国涉外人员名片的英译20.国际条约的语言风格和汉译技巧21.国际贸易合同的翻译22.科技英语语篇功能分析语翻译23.科技英语词汇翻译24.旅游翻译中景点错译探讨
傲慢与偏见--英语论文About 《Pride and Prejudice》The storyMarry all her daughters was Mrs.Bennet 's biggest wish .In a genteel ball holded by Mr. Bingley ,he loved Jane at first sight .Darcy ,who was Bingley 's good friend ,was fond of Elizabeth. But his pride temper and the smear from Wickham leaded Elizabeth to misunderstand and was biassed against Darcy .Darcy can't restrain himself from loving Elizabeth ,so he proposed to her,but his attitude was still so arrogant .Elizabeth had declined firmly.This hit made Darcy noticed the consequence from proud and conceited for the first time.He has left her painfully, before leaving he left a long letter to explain the things around him and Elizabeth . She regreted after reading it . not only feel guilty for misunderstanding of Darcy , but also ashamed for the behavior of her mother.She had changed her views of Darcy gradually. Darcy met Elizabeth in his own manor again, his sincere attitude and thorough etiquette made Elizabeth considerably surprised.Finally ,they walked out of the frog which was pride and prejudice .This is called a perfect ending .The criticismIn the view of author, the marriage only for property, money and status is a total wrong. And not consider above-mentioned facts is also stupid. Jane Austen emphasized the importance of ideal marriage , and she think the base of the marriage was the true love between the man and the women .Elizabeth refused Darcy for misunderstanding and was biassed against him was a reason, but the major reason was she disagreed he was arrogant.This kind of pride from Darcy was showed the reflection of discrepant status actually, as long as the arrogance was existent , Darcy and Elizabeth was impossible to be together and have a ideal marriage .Elizabeth's different attitudes of the propose actually had showed that female pursued independent personality and equal right . This is the progressive meaning of this figure .The story of Austen 's novel is very flat ,but she is good at figuring vivid role . At the same time, the sentence of Austen is polished by process. This kind of artistic innovation made her works have own characteristic and was praised by generations.[摘要]奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》与《爱玛》中婚姻为其中心议题。小说情节与人物行为萦绕在此主题上。就书中的人物而言，婚姻并非意味着男女间无法控制的热情而是双方与社会间的契约产物。小说人物全然融入其社会现实，依循社会规则，谱出故事情节。由于明白婚姻关系可提供阶级提升与经济改善的机会，财力与社会地位为决定结婚对象的相关条件。本文以社会女性主义观点切入，检视奥斯汀的社会背景，探索社会环境如何影响女性在面临婚姻时，内心的焦虑与挣扎。就社会女性主义者而言，物质环境为塑造女性婚姻意识的决定因素。对于当时男性阶级与女性地位的探索，将可助于厘清为何婚姻为奥斯汀小说议题的原因。事实上，婚姻，就小说人物而言，为一个阶级交换与经济交流的市场。为了达成结婚的目的，女性人物擅于把自己转化成商品，展示其外貌与才艺，吸引男性目光。此一时期女性受到社会价值的鼓励，利用其女性特质来赢得婚姻伴侣。然而，奥斯汀的女性人物在面临婚姻伴侣的抉择时往往呈现对婚姻无意识的不安。本文根据奥斯汀当时的英国社会环境，揭露《傲慢与偏见》与《爱玛》中女性婚姻观点，其内在的焦虑与挣扎。[摘要]Marriage is the central topic in Austen's Pride and Prejudice and Emma: theplots of the novels and the actions of the characters revolve aroundmarriage. For Austen's characters, marriage does not mean the act ofungoverned passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple andsociety. Austen's characters are completely integrated into society and playout the stories within the social rules. They realize that marriage canprovide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and classare thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners.Based on Socialist-feminism, this thesis examines social background in Austen's time and explores how social conditions influence females' psychologicalstruggle and anxiety toward marriage. For Socialist-feminists, materialfactors shape women's marital consciousness in determinate ways. Thediscussions of male class and female status in the end of the eighteenthcentury are helpful for understanding why marriage is the central topic inAusten's novels. In a sense, marriage is regarded as a market place toexchange upward class mobility and financial support for Austen's characters.In order to achieve the goal of marriage, females are good at transformingthemselves into commodities by displaying their appearances and accomplishmentsto appeal to male gazers. Women at the time were encouraged by the socialvalue of performing manners of femininity to win husbands. However, whenAusten's female characters face mate selections, an unconscious apprehensiontoward marriage can be observed. From the social consideration of Austen'stime, this thesis will reveal female marital perspectives, anxieties, andinner struggle in Pride and Prejudice and Emma.
《爱玛》百度网盘txt 最新全集下载：
链接:
《爱玛》是英国作家简·奥斯汀创作的一部长篇小说。作品中主人公爱玛是个美丽、聪慧而富有的姑娘，同时也是一位不折不扣的幻想家。她热心关注身边的浪漫故事，却又固执地认为自己永远不会陷入其中。她自作主张为孤女哈丽埃特导演了一次又一次的恋爱。当哈丽埃特误以为自己爱上了地方官奈特利先生时，爱玛才惊觉原来自己也在爱着奈特利先生。这虽与她一开始就宣布的终身不嫁的誓言有悖，但坠入情网的她不得不放弃自己天真的誓言。该作品多次被搬上银幕。
爱玛女主人公性格分析开题报告我有几篇。。。。可以给你参考.
语境关照下《爱玛》两中译本之对比研究 论文摘要: 20世纪九十年代是我国翻译事业的繁荣时期,而这种繁（略）外国名著的重译方面,一本国外著作一般都有好几个汉译本.这就需要加强以对比为基础的翻译批评,发现翻译中存在的问题以提高翻译质量.因此对同一作品（略）比研究是具有积极意义的:第一,翻译批评可以通过对译本的比较发现不同译本的优劣,为译文读者选择比较优秀的译本提供依据;第二,翻译批评通过对不同的.译者在翻译中运用的不同方法处理同一语言现象,达到相同或不同的效果评析,对深入探讨翻译策略和翻译方法以及翻译理论都具有一定的意义;第三,翻译批评有助于译本的改进和质量的提高.语境在语（略）着非常重要的作用,同样语境在翻译中也起着举足轻重的作用.译者对原文正确的理解必须依赖原语的语境,对译文准确的表达也必须联系目的语的语境,可见语境制约翻译,翻译依赖语境.而本研究旨在从语境的因素结合奈达的功能对等翻译理论,比较分析了简·奥斯汀（略）两个中译本,研究从语境入手分析两个译本各自的优缺点. 不同的译者翻译同一作品会采（略）策略,功能对等早已引起许多争议,本文从语境的角度结合翻译实践,依次分析了语言语境、情景语境和社会文化语境在翻译过程中对原文和译... It is believed that the 1990s witnessed a peak of tran（omitted）tivities in China, which concretely reflected in the retranslation of the literary masterpieces of foreign countries. There were at （omitted）or th（omitted）e versions for one original text, sometimes even more. When we take this into account, it is necessary for us to im（omitted）quality of translation on the basis of comparative analysis. It is important to make comparative analysis of different versions for the same ori（omitted）st of all, t... 目录:摘要 第4-6页 Abstract 第6-7页 Chapter 1 Introduction 第10-19页 ·Brief Introduction of Emma and Two Chinese Versions of Emma 第10-13页 ·Emma 第11-12页 ·Two Chinese Versions of Emma 第12-13页 ·Literature Review 第13-16页 ·Translation Criticism 第13-15页 ·Comparative Study on Different Translations of Emma 第15-16页 ·The Significance of the Study 第16-17页 ·Purpose of the Study 第17页 ·Outline of the Study 第17-19页 Chapter Two Linguistic Context 第19-33页 ·Context and Translation 第19-21页 ·Context 第19-21页 ·Theoretical basis: Functional equivalence 第21-25页 ·Translation 第23-24页 ·Nida’s translation theory 第24-25页 ·The Role of Context in Realizing Functional Equivalence 第25-26页 ·Linguistic Context in Comparative Study on Two Chinese Versions of Emma 第26-32页 ·Reproduction of Irony and Humorous Language of Emma 第27页 ·Ascertaining the Exact Meaning of Words 第27-29页 ·Eliminating the Ambiguity 第29-32页 ·Summary 第32-33页 Chapter Three Situational Context 第33-40页 ·Interpreting the Implication 第33-35页 ·Expressing the Emotion 第35-36页
开题表格格式发给我给你添
密码对护肤保湿的效果特别明显。如果你是还没毕业的学生党消费者，或者对保湿护肤品的需求最大，那么水密码品牌卖的补水护肤套装可以解决大部分皮肤干燥人群的问题。早在2016年，水密码就已经推出了同样的产品。经过多年的更新和成分的不断发挥，水密码的护肤效果只会越来越好。如果你也是类似的追求美白效果和抗皱效果的人，尽量不要选择补水效果明显的护肤品，因为每个护肤品的功效都不一样。自然堂护肤品的影响力越来越大。早在多年前，国内各大护肤品牌都经过了非常细致的产品回溯和消费者需求调查。起初，唐并不是一个引起全民关注的国产品牌。人们更倾向于购买日本、韩国和其他国家生产的护肤品。自然堂产品口碑提升后，消费者才能真正体会到自然堂护肤品的优秀。不要以为国产护肤品没有各种功能。现在国内护肤品牌变化很大。一般来说，任何品牌都有不同的影响力，但我们更注重产品的效果，以及产品是否与自己的皮肤相协调。国产品牌生产的护肤品更符合中国消费者的需求，却能让中国消费者获得不一样的护肤感受。
搞笑网络流行语说说精选一：
1，不以风骚惊天下，就以淫荡动世人
2，问君能有几多愁，恰似一群太监上青楼
3，朋友你今天就要远走，请干了这白妞。
4，给我一轮船的女人，我就能叫自己精尽人亡!
5，天赐你一双翅膀，就应该被红烧
6，孔雀拼命开屏，却露出屁眼!
7，没有钱，没有权，再不对你好点，你能跟我?
8，明月几时有，把酒问青天青天说：滚尼玛滴，我这么忙，哪有时间理你，自己看天气预报去
9，时间就像乳沟，只要挤一挤总还是有的。
10，我就算是一只癞蛤蟆，我也决不娶母癞蛤蟆。
11，你瞎了眼啊?这么大的盾牌你看不见，偏偏要把石头朝我脑袋上扔!
12，人总要犯错误的，否则正确之路人满为患。
13，所有刻骨铭心的爱都灵魂游离于床上的瞬间!
14，师太，你就从了老衲吧!很久很久以后师太，你就饶了老衲吧!
15，我把她从女孩变成了女人;她把我从男孩变成了穷人。
16，某鲜花店的广告：今日本店的玫瑰售价最为低廉，甚至可以买几朵送给太太。
17，关于丁字裤：以前，脱下内裤看屁股;现在，拔开屁股看内裤
18，单身很痛苦，单身久了更痛苦，前几天我看见一头母猪，都觉得它眉清目秀的
19，砍头算什么，脑袋掉了不过碗大的疤，18年后老子又是一条僵尸
20，明星脱一点就能更出名，我脱的光光的却被抓起来了!
21，我想一只趴在玻璃上的苍蝇，前途一片光明，而我却找不着出路
22，洗澡是屁股享福，脑袋吃苦;看电影是脑袋享福，屁股吃苦，听你讲话是脑袋、屁股都吃苦。
23，网上自古无娇娘，残花败柳一行行，偶有几对鸳鸯鸟，也是野鸡配色狼。
24，我不会讲话，一见人多就结结巴巴，像羊拉屎一样，不合你的味道请多多包涵。
搞笑网络流行语说说精选二：
1、抽，是一种生活艺术;找抽，是一种生活态度。
2、上流社会的人，总喜欢做点下流的事。
3、不求门当户对，只求感觉到位。
4、熬夜，是因为没有勇气结束这一天;赖床，是因为没有勇气开始这一天。
5、穷耐克，富阿迪，流氓一身阿玛尼。一点点语录网
6、哥吸烟，是因为它伤肺，不伤心。
7、平时骂你就算了，非要等我打你，才知道我文武双全
8、人生苦短，必须性感。
9、上联：也许似乎大概是;下联：然而未必不见得。
10、有些事情无须抬杠，表面服从偷偷反抗。
11、勇于认错，坚决不改。
12、男人是条狗，谁有本事谁牵走。
13、誓言只是一时的失言。
14、一早醒来我以为我长大了，原来是被子盖横了。
15、咳!该说的说，不该说的小声说。
16、我建议大家对我的长相，理解为主，欣赏为辅。
17、从天堂到地狱，哥只是路过人间。
18、其实我很宅，只是宅在谁家里的问题。
19、爷不是你的小浣熊，玩不出你的其乐无穷。
20、傻与不傻，要看你会不会装傻。
21、对于姑娘来说：出来混，迟早是要怀的。
22、女追男，隔层纱。男追女，隔层妈。
23、我喜欢的人，都在硬盘里。
24、青春啊，你太痘了!
25、师太，披上老纳的袈纱后，你就是老纳的人了
1.2B不只是铅笔，还有你。 2.爱，不是缺了就找，更不是累了就换 3.爱情是一杯酒我小心翼翼捧给心爱的人他不小心碰撒了于是我兑上了水 4.暗恋是成功的哑剧，说出来就成了悲剧！ 5.把你栽到花盆里让你也知道知道什么是植物人！ 6.拌NIANG菜，买豆HU，和调NIAO，切羊肉！ 7.保护自己，爱护他人，请不要半夜出来吓人... 8.别跟姐问东问西，baidu比姐懂的多，有问题找他去！ 9.别轻易对别人说爱，别固执的将别人心门打开，又玩笑着离开 10.勃起不是万能的，但不能勃起却是万万都不能的! 11.不是穿上情侣装就可以装情侣，不是天下有情人都能够在一起 12.不是我不叠被子，主要是我恋旧，就是喜欢睡前一天睡过的被窝。非逼我把这个生活习惯问题上升到人格修养上来。 13.不是我不笑，一笑粉就掉. 14.不要对哥放电，嫂嫂有来电显示.. 15.大女人不可一日无权，小女人不可一日无钱！ 16.等着我小子，姐一定要出现在你家户口本上，当不了你老婆就做你后妈。 17.对自己好点，因为一辈子不长；对身边的人好点，因为下辈子不一定能够遇见。 18.够不着吧，左脚踩右脚上试试 19.好大一坨小鲜肉啊！ 20.黑夜给了我一双黑色的眼睛，可我却用它来翻白眼。 21.即然爱为什么不说出口，有些东西失去了就再也回不来。 22.贱人永远都是贱人，就算经济危机了，你也贵不了！ 23.介个地方接地气啦~ 24.就算再想哭，也要微笑着说一句：你大爷的！ 25.快乐是伪装给别人看的。 26.两耳不闻窗外事，一心只看肥皂剧。 27.俩人彻底分手了之后，任何一方在对方每年生日时发短信送祝福，以此证明：你看咱俩虽然分手了，但我还记得你，甚至还记得你的生日。是完全没有必要的狗屎行为，你把人家当烈士陵园了？ 28.没人牵我的手，我就-揣兜里。 29.没有谁瞧不起你，因为别人根本就没有瞧你，大家都很忙的！ 30.每个人都会累，没有人能为你承担一切。累了，将心靠岸 31.每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃。 32.猛的一看你不怎么样，仔细一看还不如猛的一看... 33.明月几时有，把酒问青天...青天说：滚NMD，我这么忙，哪有时间理你，自己看天气预报去！ 34.你到底喜欢我什么，我改还不成吗？ 35.你的话，我连标点符号都不信。 36.你就是我心中的那首忐忑，总是让我惊心动魄。 37.你情敌和曾经背叛你的人同时掉入河中，并且他们不会游泳，你是选择蹦迪还是去KTV？ 38.你一百个放心，打死你我也不说。 39.你以为你是多余的，其实吧...你还真是多余的！ 40.您复杂的五官，掩饰不了您朴素的智商。 41.女人的眼泪是最无用的液体，但你让女人流泪说明你很无用。 42.朋友和刺客唯一的区别是：刺客在背后捅你一刀，你回头痛苦地说，啊，你是？朋友在背后捅你一刀，你回头惊讶的说，啊，是你！ 43.请转告王子，老娘还在披荆斩棘的路上，还有雪山未翻、大河未过、巨龙未杀、帅哥未泡叫他继续死睡吧 44.全世界都在伪装，只有我演的不像，不等你们散场，我主动出局。 45.让我在这里低调的喊一句，你的过去我来不及参与，你的未来打死我也不想参与了。 46.人生若只如初见，何须感伤别离。说了再见，也许再也不会见 47.人生-上学了下课了放学了放假了毕业了老了后悔了死了 48.如果很喜欢一个人，那么，保持一个朋友的距离，这样可以一辈子不会失去 49.如果我的人生是一部电影，你就是那弹出来的广告。 50.如果我真的好，你为什么不要 51.如果我做了皇帝，就封你当太子！ 52.如果有一天我变成了色狼，请别忘记我也纯真过。 53.舍得舍得有舍必有得，忘记该忘记的，放弃该放弃的，改变能改变的，接受不能改变的。 54.世界那么乱，装纯给谁看。 55.世界是我们的，也是儿子们的，可最终是那帮孙子们的！ 56.世上有三种人：一是良心被狗吃了的人，二是良心没被狗吃的人，三是良心连狗都不吃的人。 57.蜀黍是我们对耗子的尊称 58.谁都不会是谁的谁，谁都是谁的过客，谁都留不住谁的心，谁都不能拥有谁。 59.所谓纯洁的男女之间的友谊，无非两种情况：女生很爷们儿，男生很娘们儿 60.讨厌我的人那么多，你算老几 61.玩感情？我会让你哭的很有节奏... 62.我不是有钱人的后代！但是我要做有钱人的祖宗！ 63.我不整理房间，我是乱室佳人。 64.我多想一个不小心和你白头偕老啊。 65.我国古代有一件治国神器：黄历。要人口增长，多写宜房事；要强拆让百姓不怒，就多写宜动土；不想他们上街闹事，就写忌出行 66.我就是巴黎欧莱雅，你值得拥有！ 67.我们的生活有太多的无奈，我们无法改变，也无力改变，更糟的是，我们失去了改变的想法 68.我哪有空跟你玩儿啊，像我这样的大牌，今年档期早都排满了，我有好多好多电影，电视剧和广告要看啊。 69.我是个瘦子，伤心时我可以数数排骨！ 70.我是去湖州还是去福州？爸爸去哪啊！ 71.我说这位大哥，我又不是草船，你的贱用不着总往我这儿乱发！ 72.我太佩服我自己了、有时候照镜子的时候都给自己磕头！ 73.我喜欢现在的自己，我怀念过去的我们。不怀念，别怀念，怀念也回不到从前。 74.我以为你开始颓废，才发现你一直没心没肺。 75.我真的不愿意用脚趾头鄙视你。但是，是你逼我这么做的！ 76.五毛和五毛是最幸福的因为他们凑成了一块。 77.喜欢你很久了，等你也很久了，现在我要离开你，比很久很久还要久 78.喜欢是淡淡的，爱是深深的。听说幸福很简单，简单到时间一冲就冲淡。 79.现在的女人们，白天是非诚勿扰，晚上是让子弹飞，结果有了很多赵事孤儿。 80.想哭的时候找个没人的地方痛哭一场，哭过之后别忘了将原有的微笑挂在脸上。 81.新世纪女性：上得了厅堂，下得了厨房，写得了代码，查得出异常，杀得了木马，翻得了围墙，开得起好车，买得起新房，斗得过二奶，打得过流氓.. 82.痒吗？痒就对了，伤口在长肉时，神经末梢也在长。 83.要爱请深爱，不爱请走开。 84.一个人可以喜欢很多人，也可以被很多人喜欢但最终只能选择一个并忠于这个选择。 85.一脚揣不出你屎来，算你拉的干净！ 86.勇于认错，坚决不改。 87.有人撒你一身油，对你说：别担心，有奥妙全自动，你咋办？打到他肾亏，对他说别担心，有六味地黄丸，治肾亏，不含糖。 88.有事直接奔主题，不要拿你的无知，挑战我的黑名单。 89.在职场中就应该像柯南那样，有一种我走到哪就让别人死到哪的霸气。 90.真爱就像UFO，都只是听说过，但没人见过。 91.知道你过得不好，我也就安心了 92.左脑全是水，右脑全是面粉，不动便罢了，一动全是浆糊。
1、世界那么大，我想去看看
20xx年4月14日，一封辞职信引发热评，辞职的理由仅有10个字，而被网友评为史上最具情怀的辞职信。有网友调侃：上联：世界那么大，我想去看看；下联：钱包这么小，哪都去不了；横批：好好上班。
2、重要的事情说三遍
最早是某房地产网站的电台广告语：走直线，走直线，走直线，重要的事情说三遍。此广告一经推出，迅速火遍各大电台。
3、你们城里人真会玩
4、为国护盘
20xx年5月到7月初，中国股市蒸发上万亿。这时，网络上发起了一个为国护盘的口号，意思是不要为了个人利益抛售股票，而要为了国家整体利益和股市的稳定，不抛售不减持股票。
5、明明可以靠脸吃饭，却偏偏要靠才华
一张贾玲昔日的清秀照片被网友翻出来后，大家惊讶地发现，自嘲经常跟男生掰腕子的贾玲竟也曾经女神过！而贾玲在微博上回应道：我深情地演绎了：明明可以靠脸吃饭，偏偏要靠才华。
6、我想静静
原意是让我静一静，而在网络上多半被故意曲解为我想念静静。网友争相引用，别找我，我想静静，别问我静静是谁。
7、吓死宝宝了
8、内心几乎是崩溃的
源于20xx年国内一名漫画作者在接受媒体采访时说的一句我的内心几乎是崩溃的，被网友们争相使用。
9、我妈是我妈
源于市民陈先生如何证明我妈是我妈的奇葩遭遇陈先生一家三口准备出境游，却被要求出具陈先生和紧急联络人的母子关系证明。除了证明我妈是我妈，各种无法自证的清白让人们四处跑腿、无语凝噎。
10、主要看气质
是指王心凌在新专辑《敢要敢不要》中的一套吃汉堡专辑造型，被网友评为 主要看气质。并在短时间登顶热搜第一，引爆全民跟风晒气质图！
11、Duang
意思：加特效，含戏虐地表达很好玩的味道。 出处：今年2月，一个由成龙代言的曾被打假的广告被网友们挖出来进行了新一轮恶搞，网友将这个广告和庞麦郎的《我的滑板鞋》进行了神一般的同步变成《我的洗发水》，其中成龙在广告中形容头发乌黑亮丽的一个 duang 字配上夸张的手势让人印象深刻，duang 迅速成为网络流行语。 举个例子：duang 的一下就要开学了 , 拖延症晚期患者的毕业设计开题报告和论文翻译一个字都没动，好心塞。
12、We are伐木累
出处：在综艺节目《奔跑吧兄弟》中，邓超的一句we are伐木累(family)，让在场的兄弟团和导演组瞬间笑喷，而自封学霸的他也引发网友的集体吐槽。网友调侃：段子手邓超，当过英语课代表，老师都哭了。
13、你丑你先睡
脱胎于那句你丑你先说。源于将俗语丑话说在前面，曲解断句成丑，话说在前面。进一步引申成你丑你先说、你丑你先睡、你丑你先
14、土豪，我们做好朋友吧！
源于网络炫富
15、怪我咯
网络热词怪我咯颇有意味，反问亦或讽刺怎么理解全凭看官心思。出自动漫和英雄联盟的流行语，适合轻描淡写地说出这三个字，可以无情回击别人，也可以傲娇装无辜成为话题的终结语。
16、我是叶良辰
叶良辰是谁？一个心疼女友但却玛丽苏文看多了的中二少年！大家好，我叫叶良辰，龙傲天的叶，赵日天的良，福尔康的辰。
17、上交给国家
上交给国家出自电视剧版《盗墓笔记》，为了能顺利过审，主角吴邪一改原著中的盗墓说辞，改成将所有看到的文物上交国家，于是片中的所有宝藏，都摆脱不了上交国家的命运，由此引发原著粉和看剧党的大规模的吐槽。
18、睡什么睡，起来嗨
这句话最早出自微博上的一个短视频，在快乐崇拜的旋律下，外貌魔性的男主对着屏幕各种自言自语，这句话终于成为了经典。
19、傻白甜
傻白甜通常指电视剧或电影中的女主角，蠢萌没有心机，后用来形容没有演技的角色。傻白甜有两个方向，一是指尽管桥段有些老旧，但剧情并不狗血，比较美好温柔甜美的爱情故事；另外可以用来形容爱情故事里的女主角，个性没有心机，蠢萌可爱，让人感觉很温馨。
20、小鲜肉
用于形容年轻、帅气、有肌肉的男生，一般是指年龄在12-25岁之间的性格纯良，感情经历单纯，没有太多的情感经验，且长相俊俏的男生。
21、心塞
这里是指心里堵得慌、难受，对周围发生的事感到很不舒服，也可表示对某件事情很无语，可译为feel stifled，feel suffocated或者是feel very uncomfortable.
22、么么哒
一般用于情侣、闺蜜或关系较好的人之间，表示亲近的意思
23、你行你上啊
意思是不要随便否认别人，自己先去试试，恐怕还不如别人呢！
24、有钱就是任性
这句话也在20xx年红遍了大江南北，有人明知自己，但还是给汇去54万元。警察问他为什么时，他说就想知道还能他多少钱！被广大网友调侃为：有钱就是这么任性！
24、66666
普遍认为是来自于英雄联盟中对队友或是对手的评价，网友为了节省打字时间而发出的连串数字，同333具有相同形式的表示。中文谐音溜溜溜溜溜的意思。引申为网游中操作或者意识非常厉害全面，玩得很好。
25、不要不要的
至今已经无从考证了。lol里有特殊含义，不要不要就是很惨很惨的意思。 非常非常的意思，双重否定表示肯定。
26、安利
来自于美国的一家直销公司安利（Amway）。衍生意义---强力推荐（一般是自己认为非常好的，并且想要分享给别人）。该词在游戏、COSER、动漫的圈子中早已突破原意，引申成为了另外一个新意思：强烈推荐。意思类似推销、推荐 。
27、吃土
这个词与贫穷相联系，最早出自于漫画。后来，逐渐被Cosplay界大神用于自比：Cosplay烧钱，穷得只能吃土。在20xx双十一，将吃土两字推向高潮。网友们自嘲在双十一狂欢中过度购物，花销超支，穷到下个月只能吃土.购物严重超出预算，穷得下个月只能吃土了。
28、你咋不上天呢
该热词来自网上一则如何教训东北人，其中一句给你厉害坏了,你咋不上天呢?一出，便引发不少网友围观并模仿，大面积的疯转便引来了不少关注。都看到这里了，也不点个赞，你咋不上天？
29、也是醉了
假借醉这一不清醒的状态，表示不能理解对方的想法，实则表达对对方的不可理喻和自己轻微的不满或对人物或事物的轻蔑、鄙视，不屑于对其进行回应和反击。出处：也是醉了这个口头禅的出处可以追朔到金庸《笑傲江湖》。小说中爱开玩笑的令狐冲曾这样讽刺别人的谄媚：我一看到那些人的谄媚样，可就浑身难受，摇摇晃晃几欲醉倒。但是之后被一帮90后所热衷，游戏LOL（英雄联盟）受到当下很多90后的追捧，大意是我服了，使用语境原是在游戏当中遇到猪一样队友时不好直说，只好说一句我也是醉了，蕴含嘲讽之意，主要是一种对无语、郁闷情绪的表达方式。
30、小公举
小公举简单地说就是小公主一种嗲声嗲气的叫法，后来逐步发展成网友们对一些男性的称呼。而这类男性，最大的特点就是拥有一颗少女心，有一些少女做派，但却毫无娘娘腔。
31、然并卵
然而并没有什么卵用的简称。出自龙珠LOL主播阿倪蛋糕店的游戏讲解视频解说，然而并没有什么卵用，简称然并卵，即毫无意义，没有一点用的意思。
32、我带着你，你带着钱
原诗是春天来了，我们去旅游吧！我带着你，你带着钱，三亚也好，长江也罢，横穿唐古拉山口，暴走腾格里沙漠。让我们来一场说走就走的旅行！我带着你，你带着钱，哪怕是天涯，哪怕是海角！高大上的诗意遇上你一定要带着钱的现实，不少网友读着读着就乐了。
1、如果我做了皇帝，就封你当太子！
2、生，容易。活，容易。生活，不容易。
3、吾表兄，年四十余。始从文，连考三年而不中。遂习武，练武场上发一矢，中鼓吏，逐之出。改学医，自撰一良方，服之，卒。
4、问君能有几多愁，恰似一群太监上青楼……
5、吾生也有涯，而吃也无涯。
6、想污染一个地方有两种方法：垃圾，或是钞票。
7、年轻的时候，我们常常冲着镜子做鬼脸；年老的时候，镜子算是扯平了。
8、你瞎了眼啊？这么大的盾牌你看不见，偏偏要把石头朝我脑袋上扔
9、出问题先从自己身上找原因，别一便秘就怪地球没引力。
10、拍脑袋决策，拍胸脯保证，拍屁股走人。
11、我们走得太快，灵魂都跟不上了……
12、不要和地球人一般见识。
13、女孩从处女到女人只要一次并成功，男孩从处男变男人需要反复的磨练。
14、出来混，老婆迟早是要换的。
15、小时候我以为自己长大后可以拯救整个世界，等长大后才发现整个世界都拯救不了我……
16、有钱的都是大爷！但是欠钱不还的更是。
17、我就算是一只癞蛤蟆，我也决不娶母癞蛤蟆。
18、生前何必久睡，死后自会长眠……
19、不想当厨子的裁缝，不是好司机。
20、时间是最好的老师，但遗憾的是——最后他把所有的学生都弄死了。
21、去西安出差的路上，一位大连老兄一阵狂吹大连多好多好，然后说大连建市一百周年的时候举行了很隆重的庆祝活动云云，然后问了旁边一人：“西安建市一百周年有什么庆祝活动没有？”旁边几位西安的哥们一愣，过了一会儿，逼出一句话来：“我记得西安建市年的时候搞了一个‘烽火戏诸侯’吧……”
22、钻石恒久远，一颗就破产。
23、和谐校园里，骑自行车的也许是位博导，而开奔驰的则可能是个后勤……
24、是金子，总会花光的；是镜子，总会反光的……
25、我女友不当尼姑的原因是她四级没过，庵里不收。
26、明星脱一点就能更出名，我脱的光光的却被抓起来了
27、看一漂亮MM,苦无搭讪办法，路旁一砖头，拣起，上前，“同学，这是你掉的吧？”
28、小时候的梦想并不是要当什么科学家，幻想自己是地主家的少爷，家有良田千顷，终日不学无术，没事领着一群狗奴才上街去调戏一下良家少女……
29、别和我谈理想，戒了。
30、我可以轻视你，鄙视你，小看你，不看你。
31、女为悦己者容男为悦己者穷！
32、我是耶稣他儿子，椰子！
33、蜘蛛会不会上吊？
34、趁今日埋头苦干，免他日仰慕求人。
35、做为一只禽兽，我深感压力很大…
36、因为谦卑，所以高贵。因为懂得，所以慈悲；因为陌生，所以勇敢，因为距离，所以美丽。
37、男人嘴巴眯眯甜心都一把苣苣莲！
38、俺村俺牛B,就俺有台拖拉机。
39、老鼠扛刀，满街找猫！
40、我小学十年，中学十二年，我被评为全校最熟悉的面孔，新老师来了都跟我打听学校内幕……
41、我最恨别人用鼠标指着我的头。
42、看电影，我都不耐烦看文艺片――AV不算，AV是动作片…
43、爱妃，别急，洗完澡了我会翻牌子的。
44、你会变成大海，然后被鲨鱼吃掉！
45、别人的钱财乃我的身外之物。
46、子曾经曰过：男人二十是日立，三十是奔腾，四十是微软，五十是松下，六十是山寨牌…
47、友情提示：由于此用户的签名太过于个性而被系统自动屏蔽
48、在哪里跌倒就在哪里躺下！
49、为配合今年中国计划生育工作的胜利完成，本人决定暂时不和异性朋友接触，谢谢合作。
50、有十只羊，九只蹲在羊圈，一只蹲在猪圈。打一成语…
51、大学就是大概学学！
52、北京的交通差点饿死人！
53、白领算个屁，养猪才洋气。
54、香烟不乖，所以我们抽烟…
55、谁喷了榴莲味儿的香水？
56、爱我的人请继续，恨我的人别放弃。
57、我左青龙，右白虎，肩膀纹个米老鼠。
58、和我比温柔那是找抽。
59、机主已成仙，有事请求签！
60、端起饽饽向钱冲！
61、干掉鸟人我就是天使。
62、山顶冻人！
63、生活可以将就，生活也可以讲究！
64、诸葛亮出山前也没带过兵啊，你们凭啥要我有工作经验！！！
65、我是一个有名望的恶棍…
66、不要和我比懒，我懒得和你比。
67、开往春天的坦克！
68、爱情就像两个拉着橡皮筋的人，受伤的总是不愿意放手的那一个！
69、大脑进水，小脑养鱼。
70、在你没上线的时候，我总会看着你的资料发呆。
71、我死了，但是在烈火中我又站起来了，你猜是涅磐，还是尸变？
72、老子误吃了一瓶“乌鸡白凤丸”。这下可好，每个月都要流几天的鼻血。
73、按“开始键”再按两下“U”可以找出windows的隐藏游戏。
74、这个QQ被一个女人偷走了，现在拿回来了…不认识我的人请自动删除我
75、妈的，我被人投诉了！客户说我给他的mp3文件没有图像！
76、房价越来越高，所以，好男人越来越少……
77、这是一个KB的故事，当你在半夜12点的时候穿着黑色的衣服对着镜子用梳子梳下就会看到…头皮…屑！
78、拥抱真是个奇怪的东西，明明靠的那么近，却看不见彼此的脸。
79、我喜欢的女孩要像黛玉一样有才气，像宝钗一样懂事，像可卿一样漂亮，像湘云一样豪爽，像李纨一样忠贞，像探春一样能干，像凤姐一样精明，还要像元春一样有福气，呵呵……
80、爱情的投入和产出从来不成比例，一厢情愿的牺牲到头来感动的往往是自己！
硕士毕业论文初稿一般在3-4月份交。初稿还要修改，修改好要盲审，盲审完根据盲审意见再次修改定稿，5月份就要申请答辩了。因为每个专业的写作时间线都不一样，别着急，我们可以按照学校给的时间一步一步来。